Revenue from Contract with Customer | REVENUE The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenues. For more detailed information regarding reportable segments, see Note 8: Segment Information. For more detailed information regarding the Company's significant accounting policy for revenue, see Note 2: Basis of Presentation. U.S. Government Contracts The Ingalls and Newport News segments generate revenue primarily from performance under multi-year contracts with the U.S. Government, generally the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard, or prime contractors to contracts with the U.S. Government, relating to the advance planning, design, construction, repair, maintenance, refueling, overhaul, or inactivation of nuclear-powered ships and non-nuclear ships. The period over which the Company performs may extend past five years. The Technical Solutions segment also generates the majority of its revenue from contracts with the U.S. Government, including U.S. Government agencies. The Company generally invoices and receives related payments based upon performance progress no less frequently than monthly. Shipbuilding - For most of the Company's shipbuilding contracts, the customer contracts with the Company to provide a comprehensive service of designing, procuring long-lead-time materials, manufacturing, and integrating complex equipment and technologies into a single ship or project, often resulting in a single performance obligation. Contract modifications to account for changes in specifications and requirements are recognized when approved by the customer. In the majority of circumstances, modifications do not result in additional performance obligations that are distinct from the existing performance obligations in the contract and the effects of the modifications are recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. Alternatively, in instances where the performance obligations in the modifications are deemed distinct, contract modifications are accounted for prospectively. The Company considers incentive and award fees to be variable consideration and includes in the transaction price at inception the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. Transaction price is limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance, and estimated revenues represent those amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. The Company recognizes revenues related to shipbuilding contracts as it satisfies the related performance obligations over time using a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, which best reflects the transfer of control to the customer. Services - The Technical Solutions segment generates revenue primarily under U.S. Government contracts from the provision of defense and federal services. Contracts generally are structured using either an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity ("IDIQ") vehicle, under which orders are issued, or a standalone contract. Contracts may be fixed-price or cost-type, include variable consideration such as incentives and awards, and structured as task orders under an IDIQ contract vehicle or requirements contract vehicle. In either case, the Company generally performs over the course of a short-duration period and may continue to perform upon exercise of related period of performance options that are also short in duration, generally one year. The Company’s performance obligations vary in nature and may be stand-ready, in which case the Company responds to the customer’s needs on the basis of its demand, a recurring service, typically recurring maintenance services, or a single performance obligation that does not comprise a series of distinct services. In determining transaction price, the Company considers incentives and other contingencies to be variable consideration and includes in the initial transaction price the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. Transaction price is limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance, and estimated revenues represent those amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Where a series of distinct services has been identified, the Company generally allocates variable consideration to distinct time increments of service. The Company generally recognizes revenue as it satisfies the related performance obligations over time using a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, because, even where the Company has identified a series of services, its cost incurrence pattern generally is not ratable given the complex nature of the services the Company provides. Invoices are issued and related payments are received, on the basis of performance progress, no less frequently than monthly. In addition, many of the Company's U.S. Government services contracts are time and material arrangements. As a result, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date. Non-U.S. Government Contracts Revenues generated under commercial and state and local government agency contracts are primarily derived from the provision of nuclear and environmental and oil and gas services. Non-U.S. Government contracts typically are one or two years in duration. In determining transaction price, the Company considers incentives and other contingencies to be variable consideration and includes in the initial transaction price the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. In the context of variable consideration, the Company limits the transaction price to amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Such amounts may relate to transaction price in excess of funding, a lack of history with the customer, a lack of history with the goods or services being provided, or other items. Revenue generally is recognized over time given the terms and conditions of the related contracts. The Company generally utilizes a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, which best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. The Company’s non-U.S. Government contract portfolio is comprised of a large number of time and material arrangements. As a result, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date. Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables present revenues on a disaggregated basis, in a manner that reconciles with the Company's reportable segment disclosures, for the following categories: product versus service type, customer type, contract type, and major program. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified. See Note 8: Segment Information. The Company believes that this level of disaggregation provides investors with information to evaluate the Company’s financial performance and provides the Company with information to make capital allocation decisions in the most appropriate manner. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 ($ in millions) Ingalls Newport News Technical Solutions Intersegment Eliminations Total Revenue Type Product sales $ 623 $ 1,054 $ 22 $ — $ 1,699 Service revenues 52 301 262 — 615 Intersegment — 3 36 (39) — Sales and service revenues $ 675 $ 1,358 $ 320 $ (39) $ 2,314 Customer Type Federal $ 675 $ 1,355 $ 218 $ — $ 2,248 Commercial — — 66 — 66 Intersegment — 3 36 (39) — Sales and service revenues $ 675 $ 1,358 $ 320 $ (39) $ 2,314 Contract Type Firm fixed-price $ 9 $ 5 $ 58 $ — $ 72 Fixed-price incentive 606 682 — — 1,288 Cost-type 60 668 121 — 849 Time and materials — — 105 — 105 Intersegment — 3 36 (39) — Sales and service revenues $ 675 $ 1,358 $ 320 $ (39) $ 2,314 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 ($ in millions) Ingalls Newport News Technical Solutions Intersegment Eliminations Total Revenue Type Product sales $ 584 $ 962 $ (1) $ — $ 1,545 Service revenues 62 311 301 — 674 Intersegment 1 1 26 (28) — Sales and service revenues $ 647 $ 1,274 $ 326 $ (28) $ 2,219 Customer Type Federal $ 646 $ 1,262 $ 233 $ — $ 2,141 Commercial — 11 67 — 78 Intersegment 1 1 26 (28) — Sales and service revenues $ 647 $ 1,274 $ 326 $ (28) $ 2,219 Contract Type Firm fixed-price $ 21 $ 4 $ 64 $ — $ 89 Fixed-price incentive 519 578 — — 1,097 Cost-type 106 691 116 — 913 Time and materials — — 120 — 120 Intersegment 1 1 26 (28) — Sales and service revenues $ 647 $ 1,274 $ 326 $ (28) $ 2,219 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 ($ in millions) Ingalls Newport News Technical Solutions Intersegment Eliminations Total Revenue Type Product sales $ 1,765 $ 2,926 $ 52 $ — $ 4,743 Service revenues 159 888 814 — 1,861 Intersegment 2 7 91 (100) — Sales and service revenues $ 1,926 $ 3,821 $ 957 $ (100) $ 6,604 Customer Type Federal $ 1,924 $ 3,813 $ 669 $ — $ 6,406 Commercial — 1 196 — 197 State and local government agencies — — 1 — 1 Intersegment 2 7 91 (100) — Sales and service revenues $ 1,926 $ 3,821 $ 957 $ (100) $ 6,604 Contract Type Firm fixed-price $ 40 $ 8 $ 179 $ — $ 227 Fixed-price incentive 1,664 1,813 — — 3,477 Cost-type 220 1,993 367 — 2,580 Time and materials — — 320 — 320 Intersegment 2 7 91 (100) — Sales and service revenues $ 1,926 $ 3,821 $ 957 $ (100) $ 6,604 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 ($ in millions) Ingalls Newport News Technical Solutions Intersegment Eliminations Total Revenue Type Product sales $ 1,678 $ 2,877 $ — $ — $ 4,555 Service revenues 173 951 808 — 1,932 Intersegment 2 4 79 (85) — Sales and service revenues $ 1,853 $ 3,832 $ 887 $ (85) $ 6,487 Customer Type Federal $ 1,851 $ 3,792 $ 629 $ — $ 6,272 Commercial — 36 179 — 215 Intersegment 2 4 79 (85) — Sales and service revenues $ 1,853 $ 3,832 $ 887 $ (85) $ 6,487 Contract Type Firm fixed-price $ 61 $ 8 $ 156 $ — $ 225 Fixed-price incentive 1,487 1,591 1 — 3,079 Cost-type 303 2,229 342 — 2,874 Time and materials — — 309 — 309 Intersegment 2 4 79 (85) — Sales and service revenues $ 1,853 $ 3,832 $ 887 $ (85) $ 6,487 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended ($ in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Major Programs Amphibious assault ships $ 338 $ 349 $ 1,013 $ 971 Surface combatants and coast guard cutters 335 294 909 875 Other 2 4 4 7 Total Ingalls 675 647 1,926 1,853 Aircraft carriers 733 706 2,087 2,166 Submarines 436 390 1,177 1,121 Other 189 178 557 545 Total Newport News 1,358 1,274 3,821 3,832 Government and energy services 259 263 772 719 Oil and gas services 61 63 185 168 Total Technical Solutions 320 326 957 887 Intersegment eliminations (39) (28) (100) (85) Sales and service revenues $ 2,314 $ 2,219 $ 6,604 $ 6,487 As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $45.3 billion of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 20% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue through 2021, an additional 25% through 2023, and the balance thereafter. Cumulative Catch-up Adjustments For the three months ended September 30, 2020, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and increased diluted earnings per share by $4 million and $0.08, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and increased diluted earnings per share by $44 million and $0.86, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cumulative catch-up adjustments decreased operating income and decreased diluted earnings per share by $75 million and $1.45, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and increased diluted earnings per share by $57 million and $1.09, respectively. No individual cumulative catch-up adjustment was material to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Cumulative catch-up adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, included unfavorable adjustments of $134 million, relating to Block IV of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program at the Company's Newport News segment, which decreased diluted earnings per share by $2.60. While other unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, were not individually material, cost estimates for discrete delay and disruption from COVID-19 Events drove $61 million of unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments across our contracts, including $16 million relating to Block IV of the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program, which is included in the $134 million unfavorable adjustments discussed above. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, no individual favorable cumulative catch-up adjustment was material to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. No individual cumulative catch-up adjustment was material to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Contract Balances Contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Accounts receivable represent an unconditional right to consideration and include amounts billed and currently due from customers. Contract assets primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Fixed-price contracts are generally billed to the customer using either progress payments, whereby amounts are billed monthly as costs are incurred or work is completed, or performance based payments, which are based upon the achievement of specific, measurable events or accomplishments defined and valued at contract inception. Cost-type contracts are typically billed to the customer on a monthly or semi-monthly basis. Contract liabilities relate to advance payments, billings in excess of revenues, and deferred revenue amounts. The Company reports contract balances in a net contract asset or contract liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company’s net contract assets decreased $86 million from December 31, 2019, to September 30, 2020, primarily resulting from an increase in contract liabilities due to unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments and billings on certain U.S. Navy contracts. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $9 million and $265 million, respectively, related to its contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized revenue of $17 million and $261 million, respectively, related to its contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018. |