Summary of significant accounting policies | 2. Summary of significant accounting policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation — The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates —The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to research and development expense accruals, stock-based compensation expense, income taxes, and fair value of common stock warrants. The Company’s actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. There have been no significant changes from the Company’s original estimates in any periods presented. Foreign Currency Translation —The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars. Its foreign subsidiaries use the Euro and Australian dollar as their functional currency and maintains their records in the local currency, except our Ireland subsidiary that uses U.S. dollars as its’ functional currency. Assets and liabilities are re-measured at exchange rates in effect at the end of the reporting period at our France and Australia subsidiaries, and at historical exchange rates at our Irish subsidiary. Equity is measured at historical rates and income and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates for the reporting period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustment is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets and in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Transactions denominated in foreign currency are translated at exchange rates at the date of transaction with foreign currency gains (losses) recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss. Cash and Cash Equivalents —The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are stated at fair value. Marketable Securities —All marketable securities, which consist of debt securities and certificates of deposit, have been classified as “available for sale” and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of any related tax effects, are excluded from earnings and are included in other comprehensive loss and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense), net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Interest on short-term investments is included in interest income. In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, management invests to diversify credit risk and only invests in securities with high credit quality, including U.S. government securities. The Company regularly evaluates whether declines in the fair value of its investments below their cost are other than temporary. The evaluation includes consideration of the cause of the impairment, including the creditworthiness of the security issuers, the number of securities in an unrealized loss position, the severity and duration of the unrealized losses, whether the Company has the intent to sell the securities, and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis. If the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment is below its accounting basis and this decline is other than temporary, the Company would reduce the carrying value of the security it holds and records a loss for the amount of such decline. The Company has not recorded any realized losses or declines in value judged to be other than temporary on its investments. We did not have any marketable securities as of December 31, 2016. Deposit —Deposit in the amount of $0.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 represents amounts paid in connection with the Company’s facility lease agreement and recorded as a long-term asset. Segment Reporting —The Company operates and manages its business as one reporting and operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing gene therapeutics. The Company’s chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Uncertainties —Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consists primarily of cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2016, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents was deposited in accounts at five financial institutions, and amounts may exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the financial instruments are held. The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to changes in any of the following areas that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on future financial position or results of operations: ability to obtain future financing; regulatory approval and market acceptance of, and reimbursement for, the Company’s product candidates; performance of third-party clinical research organizations and manufacturers; development of sales channels; protection of the intellectual property; litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory or other factors; and the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support the growth. Property and Equipment —Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter period, expected life or lease term. Major replacements and improvements are capitalized, while general repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets and Purchased Intangible Assets —The Company evaluates the carrying value of amortizable long‑lived assets, whenever events, or changes in business circumstances or the planned use of long‑lived assets indicate that their carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable or that their useful lives are no longer appropriate. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of long‑lived assets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. If the comparison indicates that impairment exists, long‑lived assets are written down to their respective fair value based on discounted cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecasting of future operating results that is used in the preparation of expected undiscounted cash flows. If management’s assumptions about future operating results were to change as a result of events or circumstances, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss on these assets. No impairment indicators were noted for the Company’s amortizable long-lived assets, fixed assets, in the periods presented. The Company also evaluates the carrying value of intangible assets (not subject to amortization) related to in‑process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets, which are considered to be indefinite‑lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Accordingly, amortization of the IPR&D assets will not occur until the product reaches commercialization. During the period the assets are considered indefinite‑lived, they will be tested for impairment on an annual basis, as well as between annual tests if the Company become aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the fair values of the IPR&D assets are less than their carrying amounts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs when regulatory approval to market the product is obtained, the associated IPR&D assets would be deemed definite‑lived and would then be amortized based on their estimated useful lives at that point in time based on respective patent terms. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company will have an impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of its carrying value over fair value. The Company estimated fair value of IPR&D assets acquired in Annapurna transaction at the acquisition closing date, May 11, 2016, to be $16.2 million. As a result of management’s decision to change its manufacturing process for ADVM-043 and ADVM-053 by implementing its proprietary baculovirus-based production system during the fourth quarter of 2016 and based upon the Company’s analysis of the fair value of the IPR&D assets as of December 31, 2016, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $11.2 million. Refer to Note 3 for further details. Financial Liabilities —Prior to the Company’s IPO, the Company had recorded convertible preferred stock warrants issued to investors and note holders as derivative liabilities. In connection with the completion of the Company’s IPO in August 2014, all of the then outstanding warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock were exercised. As a result of the exercises, the Company recorded a $0.8 million loss related to the change in fair value in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and reclassified the fair value of $0.9 million to additional paid-in capital. During 2016, the Company entered into a sponsored research agreement with The Alpha-1 project, Inc. (TAP) with an embedded derivative, the Company determined to account for this financial liability at fair value. Refer to Note 13 for further details. Revenue Recognition —The Company has primarily generated revenue through license, research and collaboration arrangements with its strategic partners. The terms of these types of agreements may include (i) licenses to our technology, (ii) research In arrangements involving the delivery of more than one element, each required deliverable is The arrangement’s consideration that is fixed or determinable is allocated to each separate unit Payments or reimbursements for the Company’s research and development efforts for the arrangements where The Company’s collaboration and license agreements may include contingent payments related to Collaboration and License Revenue In August 2016, the Company entered into a collaboration, option and license agreement with Editas. Refer to Note 7 for details of the agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received initial payments of $1.0 million that included $0.5 million for research services. As the agreement provides for multiple deliverables, the Company accounts for this agreement as a multiple elements revenue arrangement. At the inception of the agreement, identified deliverables include research services, manufacturing of viral vectors for research, participation in joint research committee and exclusivity during the option period. These deliverables did not appear to have a standalone value and were combined into one unit of accounting. Options for each indication to license the Company’s AAV vector are considered substantive options and do not include significant incremental discounts. Therefore, they are not considered as deliverables under the agreement. The Company allocated the $1.0 million received to a single unit of accounting identified in the arrangement. The Company expects to recognize $1.0 million ratably over the associated period of performance, which is the maximum research period of three years. As there is no discernible pattern of performance and/or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, the Company will recognize revenue on a straight-line basis. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $139,000 as collaboration and license revenue. In May 2014, the Company entered into a research collaboration and license agreement with Regeneron to discover, develop and commercialize novel gene therapy products for the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases. Refer to Note 7 for details of the agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received initial upfront non-refundable cash payments of $8.0 million that included payment for research license fees, prepaid collaboration research costs and the time-limited right of first negotiation for license to develop and commercialize AVA-101. As the agreement provides for multiple deliverables, the Company accounts for this agreement as a multiple elements revenue arrangement. If deliverables did not appear to have a standalone value, they were combined with other deliverables into a unit of accounting with a standalone value. The Company allocated the $8.0 million to the relative fair value of the two units of accounting identified in the arrangement. The Company recognizes $6.5 million for the research licenses and related research and development services ratably over the associated period of performance, which is the maximum research period of eight years. As there is no discernible pattern of performance and/or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the eight years performance period. The remaining $1.5 million allocated to the second unit of accounting for the time-limited right of first negotiation for license to develop and commercialize AVA-101. On November 2, 2015, Regeneron notified the Company that it is not exercising this right of first negotiation and the Company recognized the entire $1.5 million as revenue in 2015. As original research budget was fully used in the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company and Regeneron will agree on the reimbursement of additional research expenses annually. The Company invoices for services performed quarterly. These additional research fees are added to the research licenses and related research and development services unit of accounting, recorded as deferred revenue and recognized to revenue over the remaining research term. The Company recognized $1.4 million and $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to the research licenses and research and development services unit of accounting in the Regeneron agreement. Research and Development Expenses —Research and development expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development expenses include certain payroll, stock compensation and other personnel-related expenses, laboratory supplies, consulting costs, external contract research and development expenses, and allocated overhead, including rent, equipment depreciation and utilities. Advance payments for goods or services for future research and development activities are deferred and expensed as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed. The Company estimates preclinical studies and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage preclinical studies and clinical trials on the Company’s behalf. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. These estimates are based on communications with the third party service providers and the Company’s estimates of accrued expenses and on information available at each balance sheet date. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. There have been no significant changes from the Company’s original estimates in any of the periods presented. The Company received tax credits from the Australian and French governments in connection with certain research costs incurred in conducting research by the Company’s Australian and French subsidiaries. These refunds do not depend on the taxable income or tax position of the Company and therefore the Company does not account for them under an income tax accounting model. The Company recognizes such tax credits in the period when qualified expenses are incurred as a reduction of research expenses. The Company has recorded the reimbursement of $0.3 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million from the tax authorities as a reduction of research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Fair Value Measurements —Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. Refer to Note 6 for the methodologies and assumptions used in valuing financial instruments. Stock-Based Compensation Expense —Stock-based compensation expense related to awards to employees is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The expense recognized for the portion of the award that is expected to vest has been reduced by an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate is determined at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation model as the method for determining the estimated fair value of stock-based awards. Expected Term —The expected term assumption represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method. Expected Volatility —Expected volatility is estimated using comparable public companies volatility for similar terms. Expected Dividend —The Black-Scholes valuation model calls for a single expected dividend yield as an input. The Company has never paid dividends and has no plans to pay dividends. Risk-Free Interest Rate —The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of option. Stock-based compensation expense related to awards granted to non-employees is recognized based on the then-current fair value at each measurement date over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term, using the accelerated attribution method. The fair value of non-employee stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model with assumptions generally consistent with those used for employee stock options, with the exception of the expected term, which is the remaining contractual life at each measurement date. Refer to Note 14 for more information on assumptions used in estimated stock-based compensation expense. Income Taxes —The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. In evaluating the ability to recover its deferred income tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including its operating results, ongoing tax planning and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In the event the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would reduce the provision for income taxes. Conversely, in the event that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period when such determination is made. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions are recognized when it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained during an audit. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are included within the provision for income tax. Comprehensive Loss —Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss, deemed dividend to a preferred stockholder and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments related to translation of the financial statements of the Company’s Australia, and France subsidiaries and unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities. The Company did not have reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to the income (loss) during 2016 and 2015 fiscal years. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share —Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Because the Company has reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss attributable to common stockholders per common share for those periods. While shares of the convertible preferred stock were outstanding they were considered to be participating securities as they were entitled to participate in undistributed earnings with shares of common stock. Due to net losses in all periods presented, there is no impact on net loss per share calculation in applying the two-class method since the participating securities have no legal requirement to share in any losses. Recent Accounting Standard Update Not Yet Effective —In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern , requiring management to evaluate whether events or conditions could impact an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide disclosures if necessary. Management will be required to perform the evaluation within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt and the type of disclosure will be determined based on whether management’s plans will be able to alleviate the substantial doubt. The accounting standard update will be effective for the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter with early application permitted. This ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , Revenue Recognition to December 15, 2017 for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after that date and permitted early adoption of the standard, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016 Revenue From Contracts With Customers: Principal vs. Agent Considerations Revenue From Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients Technical Corrections and Improvement to Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which amends the current guidance on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. Although this ASU retains many current requirements, it significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to (i) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (ii) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. This ASU also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for certain changes. This ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. Early adoption is permitted for certain provisions. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-9, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASU 2016-15) In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (ASU 2016-18) The Company has reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business or no material effect is expected on the consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption. Accounting Standard Update Recently Adopted —In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Customer’s Accounting of Fees Paid in Cloud Computing Arrangement , guidance on accounting for fees paid in cloud computing arrangements. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a services contract. All software licenses recognized under this guidance will be accounted for consistent with other licenses of intangible assets. The Company elected to adopt this ASU in the first quarter of fiscal 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |