Segment Information | 13. The Company is engaged in the sale of property and casualty insurance products and has organized its business model around three classes of insurance businesses: commercial lines, personal lines, and wholesale agency business. Within these three businesses, the Company offers various insurance products and insurance agency services. Such insurance businesses are engaged in underwriting and marketing insurance coverages, and administering claims processing for such policies. The Company views the commercial and personal lines segments as underwriting business (business that takes on insurance underwriting risk). The wholesale agency business provides non-risk bearing revenue through commissions and policy fees. The wholesale agency business increases the product options to the Company’s independent retail agents by offering both insurance products from the Insurance Company Subsidiaries as well as products offered by other insurers. The Company defines its operating segments as components of the business where separate financial information is available and used by the co-chief operating decision makers in deciding how to allocate resources to its segments and in assessing its performance. In assessing performance of its operating segments, the Company’s co-chief operating decision makers, the Co-Chief Executive Officers, review a number of financial measures including gross written premiums, net earned premiums, losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoveries, and other revenue and expenses. The primary measure used for making decisions about resources to be allocated to an operating segment and assessing its performance is segment underwriting gain or loss which is defined as segment revenues, consisting of net earned premiums and other income, less segment expenses, consisting of losses and LAE, policy acquisition costs and operating expenses of the operating segments. Operating expenses primarily include compensation and related benefits for personnel, policy issuance and claims systems, rent and utilities. The Company markets, distributes and sells its insurance products through its own insurance agencies and a network of independent agents. All of the Company’s insurance activities are conducted in the United States with a concentration of activity in Michigan, Florida, Texas and California. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, gross written premiums attributable to these four states were 57.0% and 51.7%, respectively, of the Company’s total gross written premiums. The Wholesale Agency business sells insurance products on behalf of the Company’s commercial and personal lines businesses as well as to third-party insurers. Certain acquisition costs incurred by the commercial and personal lines businesses are reflected as commission revenue for the Wholesale Agency business and are eliminated in the Eliminations category. In addition to the reportable operating segments, the Company maintains a Corporate category to reconcile segment results to the consolidated totals. The Corporate category includes: (i) corporate operating expenses such as salaries and related benefits of the Company’s executive management team and finance and information technology personnel, and other corporate headquarters expenses, (ii) interest expense on the Company’s debt obligations; (iii) depreciation and amortization on property and equipment, and (iv) all investment income activity. All investment income activity is reported within net investment income, net realized investment gains, and change in fair value of equity securities on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s assets on the consolidated balance sheet are not allocated to the reportable segments. The following tables present information by reportable operating segment (dollars in thousands): Three months ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Lines Personal Lines Total Underwriting Wholesale Agency Corporate Eliminations Total Gross written premiums $ 32,076 $ 5,342 $ 37,418 $ — $ — $ — $ 37,418 Net written premiums $ 22,386 $ 4,880 $ 27,266 $ — $ — $ — $ 27,266 Net earned premiums $ 20,784 $ 3,792 $ 24,576 $ — $ — $ — $ 24,576 Other income 67 26 93 1,064 147 (641 ) 663 Segment revenue 20,851 3,818 24,669 1,064 147 (641 ) 25,239 Losses and LAE, net 19,906 2,345 22,251 — — — 22,251 Policy acquisition costs 4,410 1,223 5,633 770 — (678 ) 5,725 Operating expenses 3,508 484 3,992 274 204 — 4,470 Segment expenses 27,824 4,052 31,876 1,044 204 (678 ) 32,446 Segment gain (loss) $ (6,973 ) $ (234 ) $ (7,207 ) $ 20 $ (57 ) $ 37 $ (7,207 ) Investment income 564 564 Net realized investment gains (losses) (1,436 ) (1,436 ) Change in fair value of equity securities 317 317 Other gains (losses) (1 ) (1 ) Interest expense (727 ) (727 ) Income (loss) before equity earnings in Affiliate and income taxes $ (6,973 ) $ (234 ) $ (7,207 ) $ 20 $ (1,340 ) $ 37 $ (8,490 ) Three months ended June 30, 2021 Commercial Lines Personal Lines Total Underwriting Wholesale Agency Corporate Eliminations Total Gross written premiums $ 30,947 $ 4,034 $ 34,981 $ — $ — $ — $ 34,981 Net written premiums $ 24,672 $ 3,860 $ 28,532 $ — $ — $ — $ 28,532 Net earned premiums $ 22,188 $ 2,650 $ 24,838 $ — $ — $ — $ 24,838 Other income 52 44 96 1,971 28 (1,429 ) 666 Segment revenue 22,240 2,694 24,934 1,971 28 (1,429 ) 25,504 Losses and LAE, net 16,940 986 17,926 — — — 17,926 Policy acquisition costs 6,326 740 7,066 1,242 — (1,412 ) 6,896 Operating expenses 2,852 391 3,243 816 283 — 4,342 Segment expenses 26,118 2,117 28,235 2,058 283 (1,412 ) 29,164 Segment gain (loss) $ (3,878 ) $ 577 $ (3,301 ) $ (87 ) $ (255 ) $ (17 ) $ (3,660 ) Investment income 503 503 Net realized investment gains 1,060 1,060 Change in fair value of equity securities (525 ) (525 ) Other gains 8,910 8,910 Interest expense (732 ) (732 ) Income (loss) before equity earnings in Affiliate and income taxes $ (3,878 ) $ 577 $ (3,301 ) $ (87 ) $ 8,961 $ (17 ) $ 5,556 Six months ended June 30, 2022 Commercial Lines Personal Lines Total Underwriting Wholesale Agency Corporate Eliminations Total Gross written premiums $ 60,662 $ 9,720 $ 70,382 $ — $ — $ — $ 70,382 Net written premiums $ 36,726 $ 8,561 $ 45,287 $ — $ — $ — $ 45,287 Net earned premiums $ 41,308 $ 7,223 $ 48,531 $ — $ — $ — $ 48,531 Other income 138 32 170 2,176 294 (1,279 ) 1,361 Segment revenue 41,446 7,255 48,701 2,176 294 (1,279 ) 49,892 Losses and LAE, net 36,516 3,753 40,269 — — — 40,269 Policy acquisition costs 8,767 2,316 11,083 1,528 — (1,422 ) 11,189 Operating expenses 6,669 886 7,555 566 509 — 8,630 Segment expenses 51,952 6,955 58,907 2,094 509 (1,422 ) 60,088 Segment gain (loss) $ (10,506 ) $ 300 $ (10,206 ) $ 82 $ (215 ) $ 143 $ (10,196 ) Investment income 1,071 1,071 Net realized investment gains (1,505 ) (1,505 ) Change in fair value of equity securities 597 597 Other gains (6 ) (6 ) Interest expense (1,438 ) (1,438 ) Income (loss) before equity earnings in Affiliate and income taxes $ (10,506 ) $ 300 $ (10,206 ) $ 82 $ (1,496 ) $ 143 $ (11,477 ) Six months ended June 30, 2021 Commercial Lines Personal Lines Total Underwriting Wholesale Agency Corporate Eliminations Total Gross written premiums $ 58,168 $ 7,186 $ 65,354 $ — $ — $ — $ 65,354 Net written premiums $ 46,229 $ 6,786 $ 53,015 $ — $ — $ — $ 53,015 Net earned premiums $ 42,894 $ 4,779 $ 47,673 $ — $ — $ — $ 47,673 Other income 108 84 192 3,697 71 (2,738 ) 1,222 Segment revenue 43,002 4,863 47,865 3,697 71 (2,738 ) 48,895 Losses and LAE, net 33,895 3,393 37,288 — — — 37,288 Policy acquisition costs 12,644 1,340 13,984 2,369 — (2,707 ) 13,646 Operating expenses 5,807 740 6,547 1,560 584 — 8,691 Segment expenses 52,346 5,473 57,819 3,929 584 (2,707 ) 59,625 Segment gain (loss) $ (9,344 ) $ (610 ) $ (9,954 ) $ (232 ) $ (513 ) $ (31 ) $ (10,730 ) Investment income 1,035 1,035 Net realized investment gains 3,984 3,984 Change in fair value of equity securities (1,065 ) (1,065 ) Other gains 8,910 8,910 Interest expense (1,453 ) (1,453 ) Income (loss) before equity earnings in Affiliate and income taxes $ (9,344 ) $ (610 ) $ (9,954 ) $ (232 ) $ 10,898 $ (31 ) $ 681 |