Warrants, stock-based compensation, stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units | 9. Warrants, stock-based compensation, stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units Warrants The Company issued no warrants during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and had 76,041 warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2019. Stock-based compensation Stock‑based compensation expense for all stock awards consists of the following (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Cost of product revenue $ 27 $ 19 $ 44 $ 29 Cost of service and other revenue 57 51 117 83 Research and development 180 138 348 209 General and administrative 1,337 682 2,376 1,205 Total $ 1,601 $ 890 $ 2,885 $ 1,526 As of June 30, 2019, under the 2007 Stock Option and Grant Plan (the 2007 Plan), options to purchase 1,383,218 shares of common stock were outstanding and no shares of common stock were available for future awards. In connection with the completion of the IPO, the Company terminated the 2007 Plan. In December 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (the 2017 Plan), under which it may grant incentive stock options, non‑qualified stock options, restricted stock, and other stock‑based awards. As of June 30, 2019, the 2017 Plan allowed for the issuance of up to 1,042,314 shares or options to purchase shares of common stock plus up to 2,490,290 shares of common stock represented by awards granted under the 2007 Plan that are forfeited, expire or are cancelled without delivery of shares or which result in the forfeiture of shares of common stock back to the Company on or after the date the 2017 Plan becomes effective. As of June 30, 2019, under the 2017 Plan, options to purchase 1,256,854 shares of common stock were outstanding. The 2017 Plan contains an “evergreen” provision, which allows for an annual increase in the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2017 Plan on the first day of each fiscal year during the period beginning in fiscal year 2019 and ending in fiscal year 2027. The annual increase in the number of shares shall be equal to the lowest of: 4% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of such date; and an amount determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. The number of shares available for grant under the 2017 Plan increased by 894,761 on January 1, 2019 due to this provision. As of June 30, 2019, 304,488 shares were available for grant under the 2017 Plan. In December 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2017 ESPP). The 2017 ESPP contains an “evergreen” provision, which allows for an increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2018. The increase in the number of shares shall be equal to the lowest of: 1% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or an amount determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. The number of shares available for grant under the 2017 ESPP increased by 223,690 on January 1, 2019 due to this provision. As of June 30, 2019, the 2017 ESPP allowed for the issuance of up to 649,233 shares of common stock and 629,173 shares were available for grant under the 2017 ESPP. Stock options Under the 2007 Plan and the 2017 Plan, stock options may not be granted with exercise prices of less than fair market value on the date of the grant. Options generally vest ratably over a four‑year period with 25% vesting on the first anniversary and the remaining 75% vesting ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining three years. These options expire ten years after the grant date. Activity under the 2007 Plan and the 2017 Plan was as follows: Weighted-average Remaining contractual Aggregate intrinsic value Options exercise price life (in years) (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 2,476,911 $ 9.65 7.73 22,108 Granted 643,732 $ 22.58 Exercised (261,872) $ 7.29 Cancelled (218,699) $ 11.44 Outstanding at June 30, 2019 2,640,072 $ 12.88 7.79 55,180 Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019 1,182,029 $ 7.25 6.35 31,373 Exercisable at June 30, 2019 2,640,072 $ 12.88 7.79 55,180 Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the weighted-average fair value of options granted to employees and directors during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $8.64 and $8.43 per share, respectively. The expense related to awards granted to employees were $0.9 million and $1.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The expense related to awards granted to employees were $0.6 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $2.9 million and $4.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $1.5 million and $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Activity related to non-employee awards was not material to the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Restricted stock Restricted common stock awards represent shares of common stock issued to employees subject to forfeiture if the vesting conditions are not satisfied. In December 2014, the Company issued 78,912 shares of restricted common stock to a director of the Company under the 2007 Plan. Under the terms of the agreement, shares of common stock issued are subject to a four-year vesting schedule. Vesting occurs periodically at specified time intervals and specified percentages. In January 2015, the Company issued 781,060 shares of restricted common stock to an executive of the Company under the 2007 Plan. The majority of these shares were issued subject to a four-year vesting schedule with 25% vesting on the first anniversary and the remaining vesting 75% ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining three years, while another portion was issued subject to performance based vesting. The vesting of performance based awards is dependent upon achievement of specified financial targets of the Company. The majority of the performance criteria were achieved during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the remaining unvested awards with performance conditions are not material. No restricted stock common stock awards were granted or vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Restricted stock units Restricted stock units (RSUs) represent the right to receive shares of common stock upon meeting specified vesting requirements. In the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued 184,556 RSUs to employees of the Company under the 2017 Plan. Under the terms of the agreements, 104,965 of the RSUs issued are subject to a four-year vesting schedule with 25% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining vesting 75% ratably on a monthly basis over the remaining three years; 34,149 of the RSUs vest on December 31, 2019; 8,900 of the RSUs vested in equal amounts annually over four years; 31,732 of the RSUs vested equally over four years; and 4,810 vested immediately upon grant. A summary of RSU activity is as follows: Weighted-average grant date fair value Shares per share Unvested RSUs as of December 31, 2018 321,662 $ 15.84 Granted 184,556 $ 23.09 Vested (55,088) $ 16.61 Cancelled (14,145) $ 18.94 Unvested RSUs as of June 30, 2019 436,985 $ 18.69 The expense related to awards granted to employees and directors was $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. At June 30, 2019, there was $7.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted‑average vesting period of 2.88 years. |