Quanterix (QTRX) 10-Q 2021 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from           to           .

Commission File Number: 001-38319

QUANTERIX CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-8957988
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
900 Middlesex Turnpike
Billerica, MA	01821
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 301-9400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	QTRX	The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ⌧    No  ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ⌧    No  ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	◻	Accelerated filer	◻
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐  Yes ⌧  No

As of November 1, 2021, the registrant had 36,648,018 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

TTABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements	4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	6
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	7
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	33
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A. Risk Factors	34
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	34
Item 5. Other Information	34
Item 6. Exhibits	35
Signatures	36

2

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial performance, and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 or other filings that we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance, events or circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the documents that we reference herein and have filed with the SEC, with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance, and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to new information, actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Quanterix,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Quanterix Corporation and its subsidiaries. “Quanterix,” “Simoa,” “Simoa HD-X,” “Simoa HD-1,” “SR-X,” “SP-X,” “HD-X Analyzer,” “HD-1 Analyzer” and our logo are our trademarks. All other service marks, trademarks and trade names appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

3

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Quanterix Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	(Unaudited)
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	410,747	$	181,584
Accounts receivable (less allowance for credit losses of $645 and $370 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; including $170 and $172 due from related parties as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)		18,434		17,184
Inventory		22,794		14,856
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		7,454		5,981
Total current assets		459,429		219,605
Restricted cash		1,658		1,000
Property and equipment, net		16,466		13,912
Intangible assets, net		11,374		13,716
Goodwill		9,903		10,460
Right-of-use assets		11,626		11,995
Other non-current assets		384		357
Total assets	$	510,840	$	271,045
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (including $25 and $14 to related parties as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)	$	5,824	$	6,799
Accrued compensation and benefits		9,176		10,777
Other accrued expenses (including $19 and $1,377 to related parties as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)		5,875		4,845
Deferred revenue (including $56 and $90 with related parties as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)		5,743		5,421
Current portion of long term debt		1,993		7,673
Short term lease liabilities		1,374		1,234
Other current liabilities		1,205		3,054
Total current liabilities		31,190		39,803
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		929		577
Long term lease liabilities		20,845		21,891
Deferred tax liabilities		2,362		2,649
Total liabilities		55,326		64,920
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value:
Authorized—120,000,000 shares as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; issued and outstanding — 36,574,132 and 31,796,544 shares as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		37		32
Additional paid-in capital		739,862		451,433
Accumulated other comprehensive income		1,051		2,434
Accumulated deficit		(285,436)		(247,774)
Total stockholders’ equity		455,514		206,125
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	510,840	$	271,045

See accompanying notes

4

Quanterix Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

		Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Product revenue (including related party activity of $111 and $126 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $354 and $398 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)	$	20,662	$	11,662	$	57,586	$	28,285
Service and other revenue (including related party activity of $17 and $26 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $46 and $71 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		5,898		6,552		17,955		18,631
Collaboration and license revenue		120		11,246		486		11,401
Grant revenue		1,009		1,929		4,242		1,929
Total revenue		27,689		31,389		80,269		60,246
Costs of goods sold:
Cost of product revenue (including related party activity of $295 and $39 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1,351 and $116 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		8,639		6,387		24,233		17,989
Cost of service and other revenue (including related party activity of $16 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $67 and $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		3,806		2,896		10,569		8,125
Cost of collaboration and license revenue (including related party activity of $0 and $1,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $0 and $1,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		—		1,000		—		1,000
Total costs of goods sold, services, and licenses		12,445		10,283		34,802		27,114
Gross profit		15,244		21,106		45,467		33,132
Operating expenses:
Research and development (including related party activity of $454 and $95 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $505 and $154 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		6,807		5,377		20,244		13,957
Selling, general and administrative (including related party activity of $70 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $93 and $23 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		23,670		13,451		63,913		40,826
Total operating expenses		30,477		18,828		84,157		54,783
(Loss) income from operations		(15,233)		2,278		(38,690)		(21,651)
Interest expense, net		(90)		(160)		(418)		(107)
Other (expense) income, net		(305)		(26)		1,478		(204)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(15,628)		2,092		(37,630)		(21,962)
Income tax (expense) benefit		(33)		111		(32)		253
Net (loss) income	$	(15,661)	$	2,203	$	(37,662)	$	(21,709)
Net (loss) income per share, basic	$	(0.43)	$	0.07	$	(1.05)	$	(0.75)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic		36,518,177		30,139,157		35,774,455		28,881,716
Net (loss) income per share, diluted	$	(0.43)	$	0.07	$	(1.05)	$	(0.75)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted		36,518,177		31,386,439		35,774,455		28,881,716

See accompanying notes

5

Quanterix Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net (loss) income	$	(15,661)	$	2,203	$	(37,662)	$	(21,709)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Cumulative translation adjustment		(527)		760		(1,383)		887
Total other comprehensive (loss) income		(527)		760		(1,383)		887
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(16,188)	$	2,963	$	(39,045)	$	(20,822)

See accompanying notes

6

Quanterix Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(37,662)	$	(21,709)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		3,566		3,187
Inventory step-up amortization		275		670
Credit loss expense on accounts receivable		286		—
Reduction in the carrying amounts of right-of-use assets		364		204
Stock-based compensation expense		11,044		6,970
Non-cash interest expense		65		65
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		—		120
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(1,556)		(15,360)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(1,395)		(5)
Inventory		(8,431)		(3,505)
Other non-current assets		(3)		182
Accounts payable		(972)		(187)
Accrued compensation and benefits, other accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(2,737)		2,117
Contract acquisition costs		(123)		(99)
Operating lease liabilities		(902)		515
Other non-current liabilities		(108)		(177)
Deferred revenue		674		(1,007)
Net cash used in operating activities		(37,615)		(28,019)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(11,163)		(2,149)
Proceeds from RADx grant on assets purchased		7,019		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,144)		(2,149)
Financing activities
Proceeds from stock options exercised		6,607		1,943
Sale of common stock in underwritten public offering, net		269,718		91,404
Proceeds from ESPP purchase		1,065		888
Payments on notes payable		(5,744)		(75)
Net cash provided by financing activities		271,646		94,160
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		229,887		63,992
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate on cash		(66)		(11)
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents at beginning of period		182,584		110,181
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents at end of period	$	412,405	$	174,162
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	389	$	468
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and other accrued expenses	$	306	$	358
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	410,747	$	173,162
Restricted cash	$	1,658	$	1,000
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	412,405	$	174,162

See accompanying notes

7

Quanterix Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

						Accumulated
				Additional		other				Total
	Common	Common		paid-in		comprehensive		Accumulated		stockholders’
	stock shares	stock value		capital		income (loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at June 30, 2021	36,454,369	$	37	$	734,170	$	1,578	$	(269,775)	$	466,010
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock	107,951		—		1,138		—		—		1,138
ESPP stock purchase	11,812		—		546		—		—		546
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		4,008		—		—		4,008
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		(527)		—		(527)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(15,661)		(15,661)
Balance at September 30, 2021	36,574,132	$	37	$	739,862	$	1,051	$	(285,436)	$	455,514
						Accumulated
				Additional		other				Total
	Common	Common		paid-in		comprehensive		Accumulated		stockholders’
	stock shares	stock value		capital		income (loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at June 30, 2020	28,381,280	$	28	$	351,188	$	(26)	$	(240,156)	$	111,034
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock	130,302		1		831		—		—		832
Sale of common stock in underwritten public offering, net	3,048,774		3		91,401		—		—		91,404
ESPP stock purchase	23,153		—		448		—		—		448
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,360		—		—		2,360
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		760		—		760
Net income	—		—		—		—		2,203		2,203
Balance at September 30, 2020	31,583,509	$	32	$	446,228	$	734	$	(237,953)	$	209,041
						Accumulated
				Additional		other				Total
	Common	Common		paid-in		comprehensive		Accumulated		stockholders’
	stock shares	stock value		capital		income (loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at December 31, 2020	31,796,544	$	32	$	451,433	$	2,434	$	(247,774)	$	206,125
Exercise of common stock options, warrants, and vesting of restricted stock	641,409		1		6,606		—		—		6,607
Sale of common stock in underwritten public offering, net	4,107,142		4		269,714		—		—		269,718
ESPP stock purchase	29,037		—		1,065		—		—		1,065
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		11,044		—		—		11,044
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		(1,383)		—		(1,383)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(37,662)		(37,662)
Balance at September 30, 2021	36,574,132	$	37	$	739,862	$	1,051	$	(285,436)	$	455,514
						Accumulated
				Additional		other				Total
	Common	Common		paid-in		comprehensive		Accumulated		stockholders’
	stock shares	stock value		capital		income (loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	28,112,201	$	28	$	345,027	$	(153)	$	(216,244)	$	128,658
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock	376,688		1		1,942		—		—		1,943
Sale of common stock in underwritten public offering, net	3,048,774		3		91,401		—		—		91,404
ESPP stock purchase	45,846		—		888		—		—		888
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		6,970		—		—		6,970
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		887		—		887
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(21,709)		(21,709)
Balance at September 30, 2020	31,583,509	$	32	$	446,228	$	734	$	(237,953)	$	209,041

See accompanying notes

8

Quanterix Corporation

Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and operations

Quanterix Corporation (Nasdaq: QTRX) (the Company) is a life sciences company that has developed next generation, ultra-sensitive digital immunoassay platforms that advance precision health for life sciences research and diagnostics. The Company's platforms are based on its proprietary digital "Simoa" detection technology. The Company's Simoa bead-based and planar array platforms enable customers to reliably detect protein biomarkers in extremely low concentrations in blood, serum and other fluids that, in many cases, are undetectable using conventional, analog immunoassay technologies, and also allow researchers to define and validate the function of novel protein biomarkers that are only present in very low concentrations and have been discovered using technologies such as mass spectrometry. These capabilities provide the Company's customers with insight into the role of protein biomarkers in human health that has not been possible with other existing technologies and enable researchers to unlock unique insights into the continuum between health and disease. The Company is currently focusing on protein detection, which it believes is an area of significant unmet need and where it has significant competitive advantages. However, in addition to enabling new applications and insights in protein analysis, the Company’s Simoa platforms have also demonstrated applicability across other testing applications, including detection of nucleic acids and small molecules.

The Company launched its first immunoassay platform, the Simoa HD-1 (HD-1), in 2014. The HD-1 is a fully automated immunoassay bead-based platform with multiplexing and custom assay capability, and related assay test kits and consumable materials. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company launched a second bead-based immunoassay platform (SR-X) with a more compact footprint than the HD-1 and less automation designed for lower volume requirements while still allowing multiplexing and custom assay capability. The Company initiated an early-access program for its third instrument (SP-X) on the new Simoa planar array platform in January 2019, with the full commercial launch commencing in April 2019. In July 2019, the Company launched the Simoa HD-X, an upgraded version of the HD-1 and phased out the HD-1. The HD-X has been designed to deliver significant productivity and operational efficiency improvements, as well as greater user flexibility. The Company began shipping and installing HD-X instruments at customer locations in the third quarter of 2019. The Company also performs research services on behalf of customers to apply the Simoa technology to specific customer needs. The Company's customers are primarily in the research use only market, which includes academic and governmental research institutions, the research and development laboratories of pharmaceutical manufacturers, contract research organizations, and specialty research laboratories.

The Company acquired Aushon Biosystems, Inc. (Aushon) in January 2018. With the acquisition of Aushon, the Company acquired a CLIA certified laboratory, as well as Aushon's proprietary sensitive planar array detection technology. Leveraging its proprietary sophisticated Simoa image analysis and data analysis algorithms, the Company further refined this planar array technology to develop the SP-X instrument to provide the same Simoa sensitivity found in its bead-based platform.

The Company completed the acquisition of UmanDiagnostics AB (Uman), a Swedish company located in Umea, Sweden, in August 2019. Uman supplies neurofilament light (Nf-L) antibodies and ELISA kits, which are widely recognized by researchers and biopharmaceutical and diagnostics companies world-wide as the premier solution for the detection of Nf-L to advance the development of therapeutics and diagnostics for neurodegenerative conditions. With the acquisition of Uman, the Company has secured a long-term source of supply for a critical technology.

Underwritten public offerings

On August 6, 2020, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with SVB Leerink LLC (Leerink) and Cowen and Company, LLC (Cowen), as representatives of the several underwriters, relating to an underwritten public offering of approximately 3.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The underwritten public offering resulted in gross proceeds of $97.6 million. The Company incurred $6.2 million in issuance costs associated with the underwritten public offering, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $91.4 million.

9

On February 3, 2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Leerink, and Cowen, as representatives of the several underwriters, relating to an underwritten public offering of approximately 4.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The underwritten public offering resulted in gross proceeds of $287.5 million. The Company incurred $17.8 million in issuance costs associated with the underwritten public offering, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $269.7 million.

Basis of presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for each period presented and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on March 5, 2021 (the 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K).

2. Significant accounting policies

Principles of consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Quanterix Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. In making those estimates and assumptions, the Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. The Company’s significant estimates included in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are related to revenue recognition, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions, and valuation of inventory. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Income taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). When uncertain tax positions exist, the Company recognizes the tax benefit of tax positions to the extent that the benefit will more likely than not be realized. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. As of September 30, 2021, the Company did not have any significant uncertain tax positions.

10

Restricted cash

Restricted cash primarily represents collateral for a letter of credit issued as security for the lease for the Company’s headquarters in Billerica, Massachusetts, and to secure the Company’s corporate credit card program. The restricted cash is long term in nature as the Company will not have access to the funds until more than one year from September 30, 2021.

Recent accounting pronouncements

The Company is considered to be an “emerging growth company” (EGC) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (JOBS Act). The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an EGC can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Since the market value of the Company’s common stock that was held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million as of June 30, 2021, the Company will cease to be an EGC as of December 31, 2021. As a result, starting in 2022, the Company will be required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

Recently Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) established Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASC 326) by issuing Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13), which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables and available-for-sale debt securities. The Company early adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company’s consolidated financial statements for prior-year periods have not been revised and are reflective of the credit loss requirements which were in effect for that period. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (ASU 2018-15). This ASU addresses the accounting for implementation, setup and other upfront costs paid by a customer in a cloud computing or hosting arrangement. The guidance aligns the accounting treatment of these costs incurred in a hosting arrangement treated as a service contract with the requirements for capitalization and amortization costs to develop or obtain internal-use software. The Company adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2021 using the prospective method. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), which is intended to simplify various areas related to ASC 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions for performing intra period tax allocations and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The guidance also simplifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill and the effect of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in interim periods. The Company early adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

There have been no other material changes to the significant accounting policies and recent accounting pronouncements previously disclosed in the 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

3. Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of a promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these

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goods and services, incentives and taxes collected from customers that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Customers

The Company’s customers primarily consist of entities engaged in the life sciences research market that pursue the discovery and development of new drugs for a variety of neurologic, cardiovascular, oncologic and other protein biomarkers associated with diseases. The Company’s customer base includes several of the largest biopharmaceutical companies, academic research organizations and distributors who serve certain geographic markets.

Product revenue

The Company’s products are composed of analyzer instruments, assay kits and other consumables such as reagents. Products are sold directly to biopharmaceutical and academic research organizations or are sold through distributors in EMEA and Asia Pacific regions. The sales of instruments are generally accompanied by an initial year of implied service-type warranties and may be bundled with assays and other consumables and may also include other items such as training and installation of the instrument and/or an extended service warranty. Revenues from the sale of products are recognized at a point in time when the Company transfers control of the product to the customer, which is upon installation for instruments sold to direct customers, and based upon shipping terms for assay kits and other consumables. Revenue for instruments sold to distributors is generally recognized based upon shipping terms (either upon shipment or delivery).

Service and other revenue

Service revenues are composed of contract research services, initial implied one-year service-type warranties, extended services contracts and other services such as training. Contract research services are provided through the Company’s Accelerator Laboratory and generally consist of fixed fee contracts. Revenues from contract research services are recognized at a point in time when the Company completes and delivers its research report on each individually completed study, or over time if the contractual provisions allow for the collection of transaction consideration for costs incurred plus a reasonable margin through the period of performance of the services. Revenues from service-type warranties are recognized ratably over the contract service period. For contract research services recognized over time, the Company uses the output method to measure the progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligations. Revenues from other services are immaterial.

Collaboration and license revenue

The Company may enter into agreements to license the intellectual property and know-how associated with its instruments and certain antibodies in exchange for license fees and future royalties (as described below). The license agreements provide the licensee with a right to use the intellectual property with the license fee revenues recognized at a point in time as the underlying license is considered functional intellectual property.

Payment terms

The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Payment from customers is generally required in a term ranging from 30 to 45 days from date of shipment or satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Company does not provide financing arrangements to its customers.

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Disaggregated revenue

When disaggregating revenue, the Company considered all of the economic factors that may affect its revenues. The following tables disaggregate the Company's revenue from contracts with customers by revenue type (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2021								September 30, 2021
	NA		EMEA		Asia Pacific		Total		NA		EMEA		Asia Pacific		Total
Product revenues
Instruments	$	3,492	$	1,644	$	1,338	$	6,474	$	9,370	$	6,107	$	3,796	$	19,273
Consumable and other products		8,915		4,483		790		14,188		24,638		11,227		2,448		38,313
Totals	$	12,407	$	6,127	$	2,128	$	20,662	$	34,008	$	17,334	$	6,244	$	57,586
Service and other revenues
Service-type warranties	$	1,112	$	556	$	66	$	1,734	$	3,181	$	1,452	$	179	$	4,812
Research services		2,998		604		50		3,652		9,285		2,095		89		11,469
Other services		465		47		—		512		1,271		403		—		1,674
Totals	$	4,575	$	1,207	$	116	$	5,898	$	13,737	$	3,950	$	268	$	17,955
Collaboration and license revenue
Collaboration and license revenue	$	73	$	47	$	—	$	120	$	301	$	185	$	—	$	486
Totals	$	73	$	47	$	—	$	120	$	301	$	185	$	—	$	486

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020								September 30, 2020
	NA		EMEA		Asia Pacific		Total		NA		EMEA		Asia Pacific		Total
Product revenues
Instruments	$	2,587	$	1,332	$	570	$	4,489	$	5,560	$	3,067	$	2,314	$	10,941
Consumable and other products		4,108		2,523		542		7,173		8,766		7,124		1,454		17,344
Totals	$	6,695	$	3,855	$	1,112	$	11,662	$	14,326	$	10,191	$	3,768	$	28,285
Service and other revenues
Service-type warranties	$	811	$	372	$	50	$	1,233	$	2,290	$	1,136	$	161	$	3,587
Research services		4,083		762		64		4,909		12,144		1,357		677		14,178
Other services		247		143		20		410		553		270		43		866
Totals	$	5,141	$	1,277	$	134	$	6,552	$	14,987	$	2,763	$	881	$	18,631
Collaboration and license revenue
Collaboration and license revenue	$	11,244	$	2	$	—	$	11,246	$	11,388	$	13	$	—	$	11,401
Totals	$	11,244	$	2	$	—	$	11,246	$	11,388	$	13	$	—	$	11,401

The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. The Company combines any performance obligations that are immaterial with one or more other performance obligations that are material to the contract. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract transaction price, including discounts, to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on prices charged to customers in observable transactions and uses a range of amounts to estimate standalone selling prices for each performance obligation. The

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Company may have more than one range of standalone selling price for certain products and services based on the pricing for different customer classes.

Variable consideration in the Company’s contracts primarily relates to (i) sales- and usage-based royalties related to the license of intellectual property in collaboration and license contracts and (ii) certain non-fixed fee research services contracts. ASC 606 provides for an exception to estimating the variable consideration for sales- and usage-based royalties related to the license of intellectual property, such that the sales- and usage-based royalty will be recognized in the period the underlying transaction occurs. The Company recognizes revenue from sales- and usage-based royalty revenue at the later of when the sale or usage occurs and the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of the performance obligation to which the royalty has been allocated.

The aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied or are partially satisfied as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 is $6.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, of the performance obligations not yet satisfied or partially satisfied, $5.7 million is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months, with the remainder to be recognized within the 24 months thereafter. The $5.7 million at September 30, 2021 principally consists of amounts billed for undelivered services related to initial and extended service-type warranties and research services, as well as $0.5 million related to undelivered licenses of intellectual property for a diagnostics company (see Note 13).

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	5,998
Deferral of revenue		5,486
Recognition of deferred revenue		(4,812)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	6,672

Costs to obtain a contract

The Company’s sales commissions are generally based on revenues of the Company. The Company has determined that certain commissions paid under its sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized as they are incremental and would not have occurred absent a customer contract. The change in the balance of costs to obtain a contract are as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	248
Deferral of costs to obtain a contract		558
Recognition of costs to obtain a contract		(435)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	371

The Company has classified the balance of capitalized costs to obtain a contract as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets and classifies the expense as a component of cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expense over the estimated life of the contract. The Company considers potential impairment in these amounts each period.

ASC 606 provides entities with certain practical expedients and accounting policy elections to minimize the cost and burden of adoption.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.

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The Company will exclude from its transaction price any amounts collected from customers related to sales and other similar taxes.

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. The Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company has elected to account for the shipping and handling as an activity to fulfill the promise to transfer the product, and therefore will not evaluate whether shipping and handling activities are promised services to its customers.

Grant revenue

The Company recognizes grant revenue as it performs services under the arrangement when the funding is committed. Revenues and related research and development expenses are presented gross in the consolidated statements of operations as the Company has determined it is the primary obligor under the arrangement relative to the research and development services.

Accounting for grants does not fall under ASC 606, as the grantor will not benefit directly from the Company’s expansion or product development. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for government assistance to for-profit business entities, the Company has accounted for grants by analogy to International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance (IAS 20).

Grants to the Company contain both monetary amounts granted related to assets and monetary amounts granted related to income, which are grants other than those related to assets. The grants related to assets are for the expansion and increase of manufacturing capacity. The grants related to income are for additional research and development, as well as other non-asset related scale up costs.

Under IAS 20, grants related to assets shall be presented in the consolidated balance sheets either by recognizing the grant as deferred income (which is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset), or by deducting the grant in calculating the carrying amount of the asset (which is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the life of the depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense). Both methods are acceptable under IAS 20. The Company has elected to record grants related to assets as a deduction in calculating the carrying value of the asset.

Under IAS 20, grants related to income are presented as part of the consolidated statements of operations, either separately or under a general heading. Both methods are acceptable under IAS 20. The Company has elected to record grants related to income separately on the consolidated statements of operations as grant revenue. The related expenses are recorded within operating expenses.

On June 22, 2020, the Company entered into a workplan 1 award (WP1) with the National Institute of Health (NIH), under the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) program to assess the feasibility of a novel SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test using the Company’s Simoa technology. WP1 was complete as of December 31, 2020.

On September 29, 2020, the Company entered into a workplan 2 award (WP2) with the NIH under its RADx program. WP2, which has a total award value of $18.2 million, accelerates the continued development, scale-up, and deployment of the novel SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test using the Company’s Simoa technology. The contract provides funding to expand assay kit manufacturing capacity and commercial deployment readiness. Release of the $18.2 million of funding under WP2 is based on the achievement of certain milestones, and there is no assurance that the Company can meet all the milestones on a timely basis, if at all. If the Company does not meet all of the milestones, it will not be able access the full $18.2 million in funding under the contract. During the nine months ended September 30,

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2021 the Company recognized $4.2 million in grant revenue and incurred $3.4 million in research and development expense related to WP2.

The following table summarizes the activity under WP2 from inception of the award as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Total grant revenue from research and development activities	$	8,604	$	4,362
Total proceeds used for assets		7,773		826
Total deferred proceeds for assets		—		2,478
Total deferred grant revenue		975		304
Total recognized	$	17,352	$	7,970
Total recognized	$	17,352	$	7,970
Total amount accrued		(1,063)		(2,968)
Total cash received	$	16,289	$	5,002
Total proceeds received	$	16,289	$	5,002
Total proceeds reasonably assured		1,911		13,198
Total WP2 grant amount	$	18,200	$	18,200

4. Net (loss) income per share

A reconciliation of basic and diluted shares is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020
Net (loss) income	$	(15,661)	$	2,203	$	(37,662)	$	(21,709)
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		36,518,177		30,139,157		35,774,455		28,881,716
Weighted average common equivalent shares		—		1,247,282		—		—
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		36,518,177		31,386,439		35,774,455		28,881,716
Basic net (loss) income per share	$	(0.43)	$	0.07	$	(1.05)	$	(0.75)
Diluted net (loss) income per share	$	(0.43)	$	0.07	$	(1.05)	$	(0.75)

The following common share equivalents have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Unvested restricted common stock and restricted stock units	607,118	1,260	607,118	453,212
Outstanding stock options	2,244,295	100,735	2,244,295	2,633,486
Outstanding common stock warrants	—	—	—	10,000
Total	2,851,413	101,995	2,851,413	3,096,698

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5. Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value measurements as of September 30, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

			Quoted prices				Significant
			in active		Significant other		unobservable
			markets		observable		inputs
Description	Total		(Level 1)		inputs (Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash equivalents	$	162,083	$	162,083	$	—	$	—
	$	162,083	$	162,083	$	—	$	—

Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

			Quoted prices				Significant
			in active		Significant other		unobservable
			markets		observable		inputs
Description	Total		(Level 1)		inputs (Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash equivalents	$	162,048	$	162,048	$	—	$	—
	$	162,048	$	162,048	$	—	$	—

6. Inventory

Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Raw materials	$	9,025	$	5,265
Work in process		4,243		3,306
Finished goods		9,526		6,285
Total	$	22,794	$	14,856

Inventory comprises commercial instruments, assays, and the materials required to manufacture limited instruments and assays.

7. Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products and services. The Company’s expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, current and future economic and market conditions, and a review of the current status of customers’ trade accounts receivable. Due to the short-term nature of such receivables, the estimated accounts receivable that may not be collected is based on aging of the accounts receivable balances.

Customers are assessed for credit worthiness upfront through a credit review, which includes assessment based on the Company’s analysis of their financial statements when a credit rating is not available. The Company evaluates contract terms and conditions, country, and political risk, and may require prepayment to mitigate risk of loss. Specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. The Company monitors changes to the receivables balance on a timely basis, and balances are written off as they are determined to be uncollectable after all collection efforts have been exhausted.

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The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of accounts receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected (in thousands):

Balance at January 1, 2021	$	370
Credit loss expense		286
Write-offs charged against allowances		(11)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	645

8. Other accrued expenses

Other accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Accrued inventory purchases	$	763	$	527
Accrued property and equipment purchases		306		670
Accrued royalties		664		1,845
Accrued professional services		2,202		797
Accrued development costs		356		323
Accrued other		1,584		683
Total accrued expenses	$	5,875	$	4,845

9. Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock awards consists of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cost of product revenue	$	96	$	54	$	282	$	139
Cost of service and other revenue		115		84		347		232
Research and development		440		289		1,248		820
Selling, general, and administrative		3,357		1,933		9,167		5,779
Total	$	4,008	$	2,360	$	11,044	$	6,970

As of September 30, 2021, there was $38.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs and stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.9 years.

10. Leases

The Company is a lessee under leases of offices, lab spaces, and certain office equipment. Some of the Company’s leases include options to extend the lease, and these options are included in the lease term to the extent they are reasonably certain to be exercised.

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Summary of all lease costs recognized under ASC 842

The following table contains a summary of the lease costs recognized under Topic 842, Leases and other information pertaining to the Company’s operating leases:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
Operating leases (in thousands)	2021			2020		2021			2020
Lease costs (1)
Operating lease costs	$	663		$	667	$	1,997		$	1,994
Total lease cost	$	663		$	667	$	1,997		$	1,994
Other information
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	849		$	428	$	2,532		$	1,260
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		8.9	years				8.9	years
Weighted average discount rate		9.73%					9.73%

(1) Short-term lease costs and variable lease costs incurred by the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were not material.

11. Commitments and contingencies

Tufts University

In June 2007, the Company entered into a license agreement (the License Agreement) for certain intellectual property with Tufts University (Tufts). Tufts is a related party to the Company due to Tufts’ equity ownership in the Company and because a member of the Company’s Board of Directors was affiliated with Tufts. The License Agreement, which was subsequently amended, is exclusive and sublicensable, and will continue in effect on a country-by-country basis as long as there is a valid claim of a licensed patent in a country. The Company is committed to pay low single digit royalties on direct sales and services and a royalty on sublicense income, as well as an annual maintenance fee that is credited against royalties payable. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded royalty expense of $0.2 million, $0.3 million, $1.0 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, in cost of product revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company incurred $1.0 million in cost of collaboration and license revenue owed to Tufts related to sublicensing certain technology and intellectual property to Abbott Laboratories (see Note 13).

Supply agreement

The Company’s supply agreement with STRATEC Biomedical required the Company to purchase a minimum number of commercial units over a seven-year period that ended in May 2021, and the Company has satisfied its required minimum purchase amount per the supply agreement through the contract period.

Legal contingencies

The Company is subject to claims in the ordinary course of business; however, the Company is not currently a party to any pending or threatened litigation, the outcome of which would be expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or the results of its operations. The Company accrues for contingent liabilities to the extent that the liability is probable and estimable.

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12. Notes payable

Loan agreement

On April 14, 2014, the Company executed a loan agreement with a lender, as subsequently amended. As of September 30, 2021, there were 0 additional amounts available to borrow under the debt facility. The interest rate on this term loan is variable based on the greater of 8% or 8% plus the prime rate less 5.25%. Interest is paid monthly beginning the month following the borrowing date. At loan inception and in connection with the amendments, the Company issued the lender warrants to purchase shares of stock. The loan agreement also contains prepayment penalties and an end of term charge. Fees incurred upon execution of the agreements, and the fair value of warrants on the date of grant were accounted for as a reduction in the book value of debt and accreted through interest expense, using the effective interest rate method, over the term of the debt. Under the amended agreement, the Company was required to pay the loan principal in four equal installments starting July 1, 2021, with the final payment and end of term charge to be made on October 1, 2021.

As of September 30, 2021, debt payment obligations due based on principal payments are as follows (in thousands):

2021	$	1,943
Total	$	1,943

Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees was $0.1 million or less for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

13. Collaboration and license arrangements

The Company has entered into certain licenses with other companies for use of the Company’s technology. These licenses have royalty components which the Company earns and recognizes as collaboration and license revenue throughout the year. The Company recognized revenue of $0.1 million and $0.5 million for three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and less than $0.1 and $0.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, associated with these licenses.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized $1.2 million of previously deferred revenue as a result of entering into a license agreement with a diagnostics company. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $0.5 million of deferred revenue related to ongoing negotiations with a diagnostics company.

Abbott Laboratories

On September 29, 2020, the Company entered into a Non-Exclusive License Agreement (the Abbott License Agreement) with Abbott Laboratories (Abbott). Pursuant to the terms of the Abbott License Agreement, the Company granted Abbott a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license, without the right to sublicense, under the Company’s bead-based single molecule detection patents (Licensed Patents) in the field of in vitro diagnostics. Abbott agreed to pay the Company an initial license fee of $10.0 million in connection with the execution of the Abbott License Agreement, which was recognized as license revenue during the 2020 fiscal year. Abbott has also agreed to pay the Company milestone fees subject to the achievement by Abbott of certain development, regulatory and commercialization milestones and low single-digit royalties on net sales of licensed products.

The Abbott License Agreement includes customary representations and warranties, covenants and indemnification obligations for a transaction of this nature. The Abbott License Agreement became effective upon signing and will continue until expiration of the last-to-expire Licensed Patent, or the agreement is earlier terminated. Under the terms of the Abbott License Agreement, the Company and Abbott each have the right to terminate the

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agreement for uncured material breach by, or insolvency of, the other party. Abbott may also terminate the Abbott License Agreement at any time without cause upon 60 days’ notice.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized 0 revenue under the Abbott License Agreement. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized within collaboration and license revenue $10.0 million related to the initial license fee under the Abbott license Agreement.

14. Goodwill and acquired intangible assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):

	Goodwill
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	10,460
Cumulative translation adjustment		(557)
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	9,903

Acquired intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

		September 30, 2021
		Gross				Cumulative		Net		Weighted
	Estimated Useful	Carrying		Accumulated		Translation		Carrying		Average
	Life (in years)	Value		Amortization		Adjustment		Value		Life Remaining (in years)
Know-how	8.5	$	13,000	$	(3,442)	$	570	$	10,128	6.24
Developed technology	7		1,650		(1,218)		—		432	3.34
Customer relationships	8.5 - 10		1,360		(749)		5		616	6.33
Non-compete agreements	5.5		340		(153)		11		198	3.24
Trade names	3		50		(50)		—		—	—
Total		$	16,400	$	(5,612)	$	586	$	11,374

		December 31, 2020
		Gross				Cumulative		Net		Weighted
	Estimated Useful	Carrying		Accumulated		Translation		Carrying		Average
	Life (in years)	Value		Amortization		Adjustment		Value		Life Remaining (in years)
Know-how	8.5	$	13,000	$	(2,296)	$	1,374	$	12,078	6.99
Developed technology	7		1,650		(1,036)		—		614	4.09
Customer relationships	8.5 - 10		1,360		(618)		12		754	7.08
Non-compete agreements	5.5		340		(102)		31		269	3.99
Trade names	3		50		(49)		—		1	0.08
Total		$	16,400	$	(4,101)	$	1,417	$	13,716

The Company recorded amortization expense of $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $0.5 million and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

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Future estimated amortization expense of acquired intangible assets as of September 30, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

For the Years Ended December 31,	Estimated Amortization Expense
Current year (2021)	$	501
2022		1,930
2023		1,848
2024		1,733
2025		1,617
Thereafter		3,745
	$	11,374

15. Related party transactions

The Company entered into the License Agreement for certain intellectual property with Tufts (see Note 11). Tufts is a related party to the Company due to Tufts’ equity ownership in the Company and because a member of the Company’s Board of Directors was affiliated with Tufts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded royalty expense of $0.2 million, $1.0 million, $0.3 million, and $0.8 million respectively, in cost of product revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company also incurred $1.0 million in cost of collaboration and license revenue owed to Tufts related to sublicensing certain technology and intellectual property to Abbott.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, Harvard University became a related party because a member of the Company’s Board of Directors is affiliated with Harvard University. Revenue recorded from sales to Harvard University and its affiliates was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Revenue recorded from sales to Harvard University and its affiliates was less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

16. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

The following shows the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 which consisted of only foreign currency translation adjustments for the periods shown (in thousands):

			Accumulated
	Cumulative		Other
	Translation		Comprehensive
	Adjustment		Income
Balance - December 31, 2020	$	2,434	$	2,434
Current period accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,383)		(1,383)
Balance - September 30, 2021	$	1,051	$	1,051
			Accumulated
	Cumulative		Other
	Translation		Comprehensive
	Adjustment		Income (loss)
Balance - December 31, 2019	$	(153)	$	(153)
Current period accumulated other comprehensive income		887		887
Balance - September 30, 2020	$	734	$	734

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17. Subsequent events

On October 1, 2021, the Company made the final principal payment, including end of term fees of $2.0 million related to the loan agreement (see Note 12).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results, performance or experience could differ materially from what is indicated by any forward-looking statement due to various important factors, risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this quarterly report or under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 as may be updated by “Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors” of our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Overview

We are a life sciences company that has developed next generation, ultra-sensitive digital immunoassay platforms that advance precision health for life sciences research and diagnostics. Our platforms are based on our proprietary digital “Simoa” detection technology. Our Simoa bead-based and planar array platforms enable customers to reliably detect protein biomarkers in extremely low concentrations in blood, serum and other fluids that, in many cases, are undetectable using conventional, analog immunoassay technologies, and also allow researchers to define and validate the function of novel protein biomarkers that are only present in very low concentrations and have been discovered using technologies such as mass spectrometry. These capabilities provide our customers with insight into the role of protein biomarkers in human health that has not been possible with other existing technologies and enable researchers to unlock unique insights into the continuum between health and disease. We believe this greater insight will enable the development of novel therapies and diagnostics and facilitate a paradigm shift in healthcare from an emphasis on treatment to a focus on earlier detection, monitoring, prognosis and, ultimately, prevention. We are currently focusing on protein detection, which we believe is an area of significant unmet need and where we have significant competitive advantages. However, in addition to enabling new applications and insights in protein analysis, our Simoa platforms have also demonstrated applicability across other testing applications, including detection of nucleic acids and small molecules.

We currently sell most of our products for life science research, primarily to laboratories associated with academic and governmental research institutions, as well as pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research companies, through a direct sales force and support organizations in North America and Europe, and through distributors or sales agents in other select markets, including Australia, China, Czech Republic, India, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Our instruments are designed to be used either with assays fully developed by us, including all antibodies and supplies required to run the tests, or with “homebrew” kits where we supply some of the components required for testing, and the customer supplies the remaining required elements. Accordingly, our installed instruments generate a recurring revenue stream. We believe that our recurring consumable revenue is driven by our customers’ ability to extract more valuable data using our platform and to process a large number of samples quickly with little hands-on preparation.

We commercially launched our first immunoassay platform, the Simoa HD-1 (HD-1), in January 2014. The HD-1 is based on our bead-based technology, and assays run on the HD-1 are fully automated. We initiated commercial launch of the SR-X instrument in December 2017. The SR-X utilizes the same Simoa bead-based technology and assay kits as the HD-1 in a compact benchtop form with a lower price point, more flexible assay preparation, and a wider range of applications. In July 2019, we launched the Simoa HD-X, an upgraded version of the HD-1, which replaces the HD-1. The HD-X has been designed to deliver significant productivity and operational efficiency improvements, as well as greater user flexibility. We began shipping and installing HD-X instruments at customer locations in the third quarter of 2019. As the installed base of the Simoa instruments increases, total consumables revenue overall is expected to

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increase. We believe that consumables revenue should be subject to less period-to-period fluctuation than our instrument sales revenue and will become an increasingly important contributor to our overall revenue.

On January 30, 2018, we acquired Aushon Biosystems, Inc. (Aushon) for $3.2 million in cash, with an additional payment of $0.8 million made in July 2018, six months after the acquisition date. With the acquisition of Aushon, we acquired a CLIA certified laboratory, as well as Aushon’s proprietary sensitive planar array detection technology. Leveraging our proprietary sophisticated Simoa image analysis and data analysis algorithms, we further refined this planar array technology to develop the SP-X instrument to provide the same Simoa sensitivity found in our Simoa bead-based platform. We initiated an early-access program for the SP-X instrument in January 2019, with the full commercial launch commenced in April 2019.

On August 1, 2019, we completed our acquisition of UmanDiagnostics AB (Uman) for an aggregate purchase price of $21.2 million, comprised of (i) $15.7 million in cash plus (ii) 191,152 shares of our common stock (representing $5.5 million based on the closing prices of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on July 1, 2019 and August 1, 2019, the dates of issuance). The acquisition closed with respect to 95% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Uman on July 1, 2019 and with respect to the remaining 5% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Uman on August 1, 2019. Uman supplies neurofilament light (Nf-L) antibodies and ELISA kits, which are widely recognized by researchers and biopharmaceutical and diagnostics companies world-wide as the premier solution for the detection of Nf-L to advance the development of therapeutics and diagnostics for neurodegenerative conditions. 

On September 29, 2020, we entered into a Non-exclusive License Agreement (the Abbott License Agreement) with Abbott Laboratories (Abbott). Pursuant to the terms of the Abbott License Agreement, we granted Abbott a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license, without the right to sublicense, under our bead-based single molecule detection patents in the field of in vitro diagnostics. Abbott has paid us an initial license fee of $10.0 million in connection with the execution of the Abbott License Agreement, which was recognized as collaboration and license revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized as collaboration and license revenue approximately $1.2 million of previously deferred revenue upon entering into the Abbott License Agreement. Abbott has also agreed to pay us milestone fees subject to the achievement by Abbott of certain development, regulatory and commercialization milestones and low single digit royalties on net sales of licensed products.

We are subject to ongoing uncertainty concerning the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, including its length and severity and its effect on our business. During the first and second quarters of 2020, we implemented a resiliency plan focused on the health and safety of our employees and maintaining continuity of our operations. We saw an impact on instrument revenue due to limitations on our ability to access certain customer sites and complete instrument installations, as well as an impact on consumables revenue from interruptions in certain customer laboratories through the first quarter of 2021. As customers began returning to normal operations in the second quarter of 2021, we have seen less of an impact related to COVID-19 related shutdowns. However, we expect COVID-19 related challenges to continue for the foreseeable future and potentially increase if variants result in new shutdowns.

In view of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have adjusted our operations to expand capacity in our Accelerator Laboratory to support customers whose operations have been disrupted and to sustain clinical trials. We also determined that our cytokine assay technology provides researchers with important and differentiated tools to study disease progression, cytokine release syndrome, and patient-treatment response in the fight against COVID-19, and began developing a SARS- CoV-2 semi-quantitative IgG assay and a SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection assay, and prototyping a high-definition multiplex SARS-CoV-2 serology assay. In December 2020, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for our Simoa Semi-Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Test, and in January 2021, the FDA issued an EUA for our Simoa SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antigen Test, each of which is run on our HD-X instrument. In September 2021, the FDA expanded the EUA for our Simoa SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antigen Test to include testing with nasal swabs and saliva and for asymptomatic serial testing with nasal swab samples. We are exploring extending the test to home-based sample collection and pooling to enable larger scale testing.

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In September 2020, we entered into a workplan 2 award (WP2) with the National Institute of Health (NIH) under the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) program. This contract, which has a total award value of $18.2 million, is intended to accelerate the continued development, scale-up and deployment of our novel SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Initial early feasibility of this test was funded in part through the workplan 1 award (WP1) we were granted in June 2020. WP2 supports clinical validation of the test in support of the EUA submissions with the FDA and provides funding to expand assay kit manufacturing capacity and commercial deployment readiness. Contract funding is subject to achievement of pre-defined milestones and the contract period runs through March 2022.

The COVID-19 situation remains dynamic and there still remains significant uncertainty as to the length and severity of the pandemic, the actions that may be taken by government authorities, the impact to the business of our customers and suppliers, the long-term economic implications and other factors identified in “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 as may be updated by “Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors” of our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business, financial condition, and operating results.

As of September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $410.7 million. Other than the third quarter of 2020, since inception, we have incurred net losses. Our net loss was $15.7 million and $37.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $285.4 million and stockholders' equity of $455.5 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses at least through the next 24 months. We expect our expenses will increase substantially as we:

● expand our sales and marketing efforts to further commercialize our products;

● strategically acquire companies or technologies that may be complementary to our business;

● expand our research and development efforts to improve our existing products and develop and launch new products, particularly if any of our products are deemed by the FDA, to be medical devices or otherwise subject to additional regulation by the FDA;

● seek premarket approval (PMA) 510(k) clearance, or EUA, from the FDA for our existing products or new products if or when we decide to market products for use in the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of a disease or other condition;

● hire additional personnel and continue to grow our employee headcount;

● enter into collaboration arrangements, if any, or in-license other products and technologies;

● expand assay kit manufacturing capacity and commercial development readiness in connection with WP2;

● add operational, financial and management information systems; and

● continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
	September 30,		% of		September 30,		% of			$		%
	2021		revenue		2020		revenue			change		change
Product revenue	$	20,662	75	%	$	11,662	38	%		$	9,000	77	%
Service and other revenue		5,898	21	%		6,552	21	%			(654)	(10)	%
Collaboration and license revenue		120	—	%		11,246	36	%			(11,126)	(99)	%
Grant revenue		1,009	4	%		1,929	6	%			(920)	(48)	%
Total revenue		27,689	100	%		31,389	100	%			(3,700)	(12)	%
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of product revenue		8,639	31	%		6,387	20	%			2,252	35	%
Cost of service revenue		3,806	14	%		2,896	9	%			910	31	%
Cost of collaboration and license revenue		—	—	%		1,000	3	%			(1,000)	(100)	%
Total costs of goods sold, services, and licenses		12,445	45	%		10,283	33	%			2,162	21	%
Gross profit		15,244	55	%		21,106	67	%			(5,862)	(28)	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development		6,807	25	%		5,377	17	%			1,430	27	%
Selling, general, and administrative		23,670	85	%		13,451	43	%			10,219	76	%
Total operating expenses		30,477	110	%		18,828	60	%			11,649	62	%
(Loss) income from operations		(15,233)	(55)	%		2,278	7	%			(17,511)	(769)	%
Interest expense, net		(90)	—	%		(160)	(1)	%	`		70	44	%
Other expense, net	��	(305)	(1)	%		(26)	—	%			(279)	(1,073)	%
(Loss) income before income taxes		(15,628)	(56)	%		2,092	7	%			(17,720)	(847)	%
Income tax (expense) benefit		(33)	(1)	%		111	—	%			(144)	(130)	%
Net (loss) income	$	(15,661)	(57)	%	$	2,203	7	%		$	(17,864)	(811)	%

Revenue

Total revenue decreased by $3.7 million, or 12%, to $27.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $31.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Product revenue consisted of sales of instruments totaling $6.5 million and sales of consumables and other products of $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Product revenue consisted primarily of sales of instruments totaling $4.5 million and sales of consumables and other products of $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in product revenue of $9.0 million was primarily due to the increased ability to install instruments as customer sites reopened from COVID-19 related shutdowns that impacted results from operations during the three months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, as the installed base of instruments increased from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2021, the consumable sales increased as customers opened from COVID-19 related shutdowns. The decrease in service and other revenue of $0.7 million was primarily due to a decrease in our research services revenue as customers were better able to perform services themselves as their sites reopened from COVID-19 related shutdowns, as well as open headcount within our services personnel. We had $0.1 million and $11.2 million in collaboration and license revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to licensing technology and intellectual property. We had $11.2 million in collaboration and license revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2020 primarily related to entering into the Abbott License Agreement. Grant revenue of $1.0 million and $1.9 million consisted of revenue related to WP2 recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and revenue related to WP1 recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

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Cost of Goods Sold, Services, and Licenses

Cost of product revenue increased by $2.3 million, or 35%, to $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $6.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to our increase in volume of product revenue. Cost of service revenue increased to $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to increased personnel costs from the build out of our field service organization. Cost of collaboration and license revenue of $1.0 million resulted from the sublicensing of certain technology and intellectual property to Abbott during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Overall cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue increased to 45% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to 33% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, primarily as a result of the $1.0 million in cost of collaboration and license revenue incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020 for royalties paid to Tufts related to the Abbott License Agreement.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense increased by $1.4 million, or 27%, primarily due to increased overall headcount in research and development as we build out our organization to support growth.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $10.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to headcount additions and other spending increases in various departments as we build out our organization to support growth.

Interest Expense, Net and Other Expense, Net

Interest expense, net and other expense, net was an expense of $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

Income tax expense was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to a benefit of $0.1 million for the same period in 2020. Income tax expense (benefit) primarily consists of a tax provision recorded on the operating results of our foreign subsidiaries.

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		% of		September 30,		% of			$		%
	2021		revenue		2020		revenue			change		change
Product revenue	$	57,586	72	%	$	28,285	47	%		$	29,301	104	%
Service and other revenue		17,955	22	%		18,631	31	%			(676)	(4)	%
Collaboration and license revenue		486	1	%		11,401	19	%			(10,915)	(96)	%
Grant revenue		4,242	5	%		1,929	3	%			2,313	120	%
Total revenue		80,269	100	%		60,246	100	%			20,023	33	%
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of product revenue		24,233	30	%		17,989	30	%			6,244	35	%
Cost of service revenue		10,569	13	%		8,125	13	%			2,444	30	%
Cost of collaboration and license revenue		—	—	%		1,000	2	%			(1,000)	(100)	%
Total costs of goods sold, services, and licenses		34,802	43	%		27,114	45	%			7,688	28	%
Gross profit		45,467	57	%		33,132	55	%			12,335	37	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development		20,244	25	%		13,957	23	%			6,287	45	%
Selling, general, and administrative		63,913	80	%		40,826	68	%			23,087	57	%
Total operating expense		84,157	105	%		54,783	91	%			29,374	54	%
Loss from operations		(38,690)	(48)	%		(21,651)	(36)	%			(17,039)	(79)	%
Interest expense, net		(418)	(1)	%		(107)	—	%	`		(311)	(291)	%
Other income (expense), net		1,478	2	%		(204)	—	%			1,682	825	%
Loss before income taxes		(37,630)	(47)	%		(21,962)	(36)	%			(15,668)	(71)	%
Income tax (expense) benefit		(32)	—	%		253	—	%			(285)	(113)	%
Net loss	$	(37,662)	(47)	%	$	(21,709)	(36)	%		$	(15,953)	(73)	%

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $20.0 million, or 33%, to $80.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $60.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Product revenue consisted of sales of instruments totaling $19.3 million and sales of consumables and other products of $38.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Product revenue consisted primarily of sales of instruments totaling $10.9 million and sales of consumables and other products of $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in product revenue of $29.3 million was primarily due to the increased ability to install instruments as customer sites reopened from COVID-19 related shutdowns that impacted results from operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, as the installed base of instruments increased from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2021, the consumable sales increased as customers opened from COVID-19 related shutdowns. The decrease in service and other revenue of $0.7 million was primarily due to a decrease in our research services revenue as customers were better able to perform services themselves as their sites reopened from COVID-19 related shutdowns, as well as open headcount within our services personnel. We had $0.5 million and $11.4 million in collaboration and license revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to licensing technology and intellectual property. We had $11.2 million in collaboration and license revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily related to entering into the Abbott License Agreement. Grant revenue of $4.2 million and $1.9 million consisted of revenue related to WP2 recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and revenue related to WP1 recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Cost of Goods Sold, Services, and Licenses

Cost of product revenue increased by $6.2 million, or 35%, to $24.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to our increase in volume of product revenue. Cost of service revenue increased to $10.6 million for the

29

nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to increased personnel costs from the build out of our field service organization. Cost of collaboration and license revenue of $1.0 million resulted from the licensing of certain technology and intellectual property to Abbott during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Overall cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue decreased to 43% of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to 45% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily as a result of the increase in grant revenue, increased manufacturing efficiencies, and an increase in average selling prices of our instruments.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense increased by $6.3 million, or 45%, to $20.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to compensation, development, materials, and other expenses related to work under WP2 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as well as increased overall headcount in research and development as we build out our organization to support growth.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increase by $23.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to headcount additions and other spending increases in various departments as we build out our organization to support growth.

Interest Expense, Net and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest expense, net and other income (expense), net was income of $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to expense of $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to other income of $2.1 million recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to an employee retention tax credit established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Securities Act.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

Income tax expense was less than $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared a benefit of $0.3 million for the same period in 2020. The change is primarily due to the decrease in the tax benefit recorded on the operating results of our foreign subsidiaries.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have financed our operations principally through equity offerings, borrowings from credit facilities and revenue from our commercial operations.

Equity Offerings

On August 6, 2020, we entered into an underwriting agreement with SVB Leerink, LLC (Leerink) and Cowen and Company, LLC (Cowen), as representatives of the several underwriters, relating to an underwritten public offering of approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The underwritten public offering resulted in gross proceeds of $97.6 million. We incurred $6.2 million in issuance costs associated with the underwritten public offering, resulting in net proceeds of $91.4 million.

On February 3, 2021, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Leerink, and Cowen, as representatives of the several underwriters, relating to an underwritten public offering of 4,107,142 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $70.00 per share. We received $287.5 million in gross proceeds and approximately $269.7 million in net proceeds.

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Loan Facility with Hercules

On April 14, 2014, we executed a loan agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc. (Hercules), as subsequently amended most recently in April 2019. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our outstanding long term debt balance was $2.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively. The interest rate on this term loan was variable based on a calculation of 8% plus the prime rate less 5.25%, with a minimum interest rate of 8%. Interest was to be paid monthly beginning the month following the borrowing date. Under the amended agreement, we are required to pay the loan principal in four equal installments starting July 1, 2021, with the final principal payment and end of term charge to be made on October 1, 2021. On October 1, 2021, we made the final principal payment, including end of term fees, of $2.0 million related to the loan agreement.

Cash Flows

The following table presents our cash flows for each period presented (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(37,615)	$	(28,019)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,144)		(2,149)
Net cash provided by financing activities		271,646		94,160
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	229,887	$	63,992

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

We derive cash flows from operations primarily from the sale of our products and services. Our cash flows from operating activities are also significantly influenced by our use of cash for operating expenses to support the growth of our business. We have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we have developed our technology, expanded our business and built our infrastructure and this may continue in the future.

Net cash used in operating activities was $37.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The net cash used in operating activities primarily consisted of the net loss of $37.7 million offset by non-cash charges of $11.0 million of stock-based compensation expense and $3.6 million of depreciation and amortization expense. Cash used as a result of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $15.6 million was primarily due to an increase in inventory of $8.4 million, a decrease in accrued compensation and benefits, other accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $2.7 million, and an increase in accounts receivable of $1.6 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $28.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The net cash used in operating activities primarily consisted of the net loss of $21.7 million offset by non-cash charges of $7.0 million of stock-based compensation expense and $3.2 million of depreciation and amortization expense. Cash used as a result of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $17.5 million was primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $15.4 million, and an increase in inventory of $3.5 million.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Historically, our primary investing activities have consisted of capital expenditures for the purchase of capital equipment to support our expanding infrastructure and work force. We expect to continue to incur additional costs for capital expenditures related to these efforts in future periods.

We used $4.1 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily related to $11.2 million in purchases of property and equipment, offset by $7.0 million in grant proceeds related to WP2.

We used $2.1 million of cash in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for the purchase of property and equipment

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Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Historically, we have financed our operations principally through private placements of our stock, borrowings from credit facilities, and revenues from our commercial operations.

Financing activities provided $271.6 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily from $269.7 million in net proceeds from our underwritten public offering during the first quarter of 2021, and $6.6 million in proceeds from common stock option exercises, offset by $5.7 million in payments on notes payable.

Financing activities provided $94.2 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily from $91.4 million in net proceeds from our underwritten public offering during the third quarter of 2020, and $1.9 million in proceeds from common stock option exercises.

Capital Resources

Other than the third quarter of 2020, since inception, we have incurred net losses, and we also expect that our operating expenses will increase as we continue to increase our marketing efforts to drive adoption of our commercial products. Additionally, as a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant audit, legal and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Our liquidity requirements have historically consisted, and we expect that they will continue to consist, of sales and marketing expenses, research and development expenses, working capital, debt service and general corporate expenses.

We believe cash generated from commercial sales, our current cash and cash equivalents, and interest income we earn on these balances will be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. In the future, we expect our operating and capital expenditures to increase as we increase headcount, expand our sales and marketing activities and grow our customer base. Our estimates of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations and the costs to support research and development and our sales and marketing activities are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties and actual results could vary materially and negatively as a result of a number of factors, including the factors discussed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have based our estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

● market acceptance of our products, including our SP-X and HD-X instruments; 

● the cost and timing of establishing additional sales, marketing and distribution capabilities; 

● the cost of our research and development activities; 

● our ability to enter into collaborations in the future, and the success of any such collaborations; 

● the cost and timing of potential regulatory clearances or approvals that may be required in the future for our products;

● the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 

● the effect of competing technological and market developments.

If the conditions for raising capital are favorable, we may seek to finance future cash needs through public or private equity or debt offerings or other financings. On November 6, 2020, we filed an automatically effective shelf registration statement with the SEC. Each issuance of securities under the shelf registration statement will require the filing of a prospectus supplement identifying the amount and terms of securities to be issued.  The registration statement does not limit the amount of securities that may be issued thereunder. Our ability to issue securities is subject to market conditions and other factors. This registration statement will expire on November 6, 2023, three years after its date of effectiveness. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional funds on acceptable terms, or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Future debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt. Any debt or equity financing that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to

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relinquish some rights to our technologies or our products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we do not have or are not able to obtain sufficient funds, we may have to delay development or commercialization of our products. We also may have to reduce marketing, customer support or other resources devoted to our products or cease operations.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of September 30, 2021, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments from those described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have, during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under applicable SEC rules.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of assets and liabilities in our financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant assumptions used in the financial statements are the underlying assumptions used in revenue recognition, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions, and valuation of inventory. We base estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors that we determined to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates that involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity are described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Estimates” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. We are considered to be an “emerging growth company” (EGC) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (JOBS Act). The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an EGC can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Because the market value of our common stock that was held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million as of June 30, 2021, we will cease to be an EGC as of December 31, 2021. As a result, starting in 2022, we will be required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as disclosed therein, with the exception of our adoption of recent accounting pronouncements, as discussed below.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Information concerning recently issued accounting pronouncements may be found in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

At September 30, 2021, there have been no material changes to the market risk information described under “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have concluded that, based on such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal control that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description	Filed Herewith	Incorporated by Reference herein from Form or Schedule	Filing Date	SEC File/ Reg. Number
31.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
31.2		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
32.1		Certifications of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
101	.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	X
	.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	X
	.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	X
	.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.	X
	.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	X
	PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	X
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).	X

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	QUANTERIX CORPORATION
Dated: November 4, 2021	By:	/s/ E. Kevin Hrusovsky
		E. Kevin Hrusovsky
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
		(principal executive officer)

Dated: November 4, 2021	By:	/s/ Michael Doyle
		Michael Doyle
		Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

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