Revenue recognition | 3. Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of a promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods and services, incentives and taxes collected from customers that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Customers The Company’s customers primarily consist of entities engaged in the life sciences research market that pursue the discovery and development of new drugs for a variety of neurologic, cardiovascular, oncologic and other protein biomarkers associated with diseases. The Company’s customer base includes several of the largest biopharmaceutical companies, academic research organizations and distributors who serve certain geographic markets. Product revenue The Company’s products are composed of analyzer instruments, assay kits and other consumables such as reagents. Products are sold directly to biopharmaceutical and academic research organizations or are sold through distributors in EMEA and Asia Pacific regions. The sales of instruments are generally accompanied by an initial year of implied service-type warranties and may be bundled with assays and other consumables and may also include other items such as training and installation of the instrument and/or an extended service warranty. Revenues from the sale of products are recognized at a point in time when the Company transfers control of the product to the customer, which is upon installation for instruments sold to direct customers, and based upon shipping terms for assay kits and other consumables. Revenue for instruments sold to distributors is generally recognized based upon shipping terms (either upon shipment or delivery). Service and other revenue Service revenues are composed of contract research services, initial implied one-year service-type warranties, extended services contracts and other services such as training. Contract research services are provided through the Company’s Accelerator Laboratory and generally consist of fixed fee contracts. Revenues from contract research services are recognized at a point in time when the Company completes and delivers its research report on each individually completed study, or over time if the contractual provisions allow for the collection of transaction consideration for costs incurred plus a reasonable margin through the period of performance of the services. Revenues from service-type warranties are recognized ratably over the contract service period. For contract research services recognized over time, the Company uses the output method to measure the progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligations. Revenues from other services are immaterial. Collaboration and license revenue The Company may enter into agreements to license the intellectual property and know-how associated with its instruments and certain antibodies in exchange for license fees and future royalties (as described below). The license agreements provide the licensee with a right to use the intellectual property with the license fee revenues recognized at a point in time as the underlying license is considered functional intellectual property. Payment terms The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Payment from customers is generally required in a term ranging from 30 Disaggregated revenue When disaggregating revenue, the Company considered all of the economic factors that may affect its revenues. The following tables disaggregate the Company's revenue from contracts with customers by revenue type (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 September 30, 2021 NA EMEA Asia Pacific Total NA EMEA Asia Pacific Total Product revenues Instruments $ 3,492 $ 1,644 $ 1,338 $ 6,474 $ 9,370 $ 6,107 $ 3,796 $ 19,273 Consumable and other products 8,915 4,483 790 14,188 24,638 11,227 2,448 38,313 Totals $ 12,407 $ 6,127 $ 2,128 $ 20,662 $ 34,008 $ 17,334 $ 6,244 $ 57,586 Service and other revenues Service-type warranties $ 1,112 $ 556 $ 66 $ 1,734 $ 3,181 $ 1,452 $ 179 $ 4,812 Research services 2,998 604 50 3,652 9,285 2,095 89 11,469 Other services 465 47 — 512 1,271 403 — 1,674 Totals $ 4,575 $ 1,207 $ 116 $ 5,898 $ 13,737 $ 3,950 $ 268 $ 17,955 Collaboration and license revenue Collaboration and license revenue $ 73 $ 47 $ — $ 120 $ 301 $ 185 $ — $ 486 Totals $ 73 $ 47 $ — $ 120 $ 301 $ 185 $ — $ 486 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 NA EMEA Asia Pacific Total NA EMEA Asia Pacific Total Product revenues Instruments $ 2,587 $ 1,332 $ 570 $ 4,489 $ 5,560 $ 3,067 $ 2,314 $ 10,941 Consumable and other products 4,108 2,523 542 7,173 8,766 7,124 1,454 17,344 Totals $ 6,695 $ 3,855 $ 1,112 $ 11,662 $ 14,326 $ 10,191 $ 3,768 $ 28,285 Service and other revenues Service-type warranties $ 811 $ 372 $ 50 $ 1,233 $ 2,290 $ 1,136 $ 161 $ 3,587 Research services 4,083 762 64 4,909 12,144 1,357 677 14,178 Other services 247 143 20 410 553 270 43 866 Totals $ 5,141 $ 1,277 $ 134 $ 6,552 $ 14,987 $ 2,763 $ 881 $ 18,631 Collaboration and license revenue Collaboration and license revenue $ 11,244 $ 2 $ — $ 11,246 $ 11,388 $ 13 $ — $ 11,401 Totals $ 11,244 $ 2 $ — $ 11,246 $ 11,388 $ 13 $ — $ 11,401 The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. The Company combines any performance obligations that are immaterial with one or more other performance obligations that are material to the contract. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract transaction price, including discounts, to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on prices charged to customers in observable transactions and uses a range of amounts to estimate standalone selling prices for each performance obligation. The Company may have more than one range of standalone selling price for certain products and services based on the pricing for different customer classes. Variable consideration in the Company’s contracts primarily relates to (i) sales- and usage-based royalties related to the license of intellectual property in collaboration and license contracts and (ii) certain non-fixed fee research services contracts. ASC 606 provides for an exception to estimating the variable consideration for sales- and usage-based royalties related to the license of intellectual property, such that the sales- and usage-based royalty will be recognized in the period the underlying transaction occurs. The Company recognizes revenue from sales- and usage-based royalty revenue at the later of when the sale or usage occurs and the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of the performance obligation to which the royalty has been allocated. The aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied or are partially satisfied as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 is $6.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, of the performance obligations not yet satisfied or partially satisfied, $5.7 million is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months, with the remainder amounts Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 5,998 Deferral of revenue 5,486 Recognition of deferred revenue (4,812) Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 6,672 Costs to obtain a contract The Company’s sales commissions are generally based on revenues of the Company. The Company has determined that certain commissions paid under its sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized as they are incremental and would not have occurred absent a customer contract. The change in the balance of costs to obtain a contract are as follows (in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 248 Deferral of costs to obtain a contract 558 Recognition of costs to obtain a contract (435) Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 371 The Company has classified the balance of capitalized costs to obtain a contract as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets and classifies the expense as a component of cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expense over the estimated life of the contract. The Company considers potential impairment in these amounts each period. ASC 606 provides entities with certain practical expedients and accounting policy elections to minimize the cost and burden of adoption. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. The Company will exclude from its transaction price any amounts collected from customers related to sales and other similar taxes. When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. The Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company has elected to account for the shipping and handling as an activity to fulfill the promise to transfer the product, and therefore will not evaluate whether shipping and handling activities are promised services to its customers. Grant revenue The Company recognizes grant revenue as it performs services under the arrangement when the funding is committed. Revenues and related research and development expenses are presented gross in the consolidated statements of operations as the Company has determined it is the primary obligor under the arrangement relative to the research and development services. Accounting for grants does not fall under ASC 606, as the grantor will not benefit directly from the Company’s expansion or product development. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for government assistance to for-profit business entities, the Company has accounted for grants by analogy to International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance Grants to the Company contain both monetary amounts granted related to assets and monetary amounts granted related to income, which are grants other than those related to assets. The grants related to assets are for the expansion and increase of manufacturing capacity. The grants related to income are for additional research and development, as well as other non-asset related scale up costs. Under IAS 20, grants related to assets shall be presented in the consolidated balance sheets either by recognizing the grant as deferred income (which is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset), or by deducting the grant in calculating the carrying amount of the asset (which is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the life of the depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense). Both methods are acceptable under IAS 20. The Company has elected to record grants related to assets as a deduction in calculating the carrying value of the asset. Under IAS 20, grants related to income are presented as part of the consolidated statements of operations, either separately or under a general heading. Both methods are acceptable under IAS 20. The Company has elected to record grants related to income separately on the consolidated statements of operations as grant revenue. The related expenses are recorded within operating expenses. On June 22, 2020, the Company entered into a workplan 1 award (WP1) with the National Institute of Health (NIH), under the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) program to assess the feasibility of a novel SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test using the Company’s Simoa technology. WP1 was complete as of December 31, 2020. On September 29, 2020, the Company entered into a workplan 2 award (WP2) with the NIH under its RADx program. WP2, which has a total award value of $18.2 million, accelerates the continued development, scale-up, and deployment of the novel SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test using the Company’s Simoa technology. The contract provides funding to expand assay kit manufacturing capacity and commercial deployment readiness. Release of the $18.2 million of funding under WP2 is based on the achievement of certain milestones, and there is no assurance that the Company can meet all the milestones on a timely basis, if at all. If the Company does not meet all of the milestones, it will not be able access the full $18.2 million in funding under the contract. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 the Company recognized $4.2 million in grant revenue and incurred $3.4 million in research and development expense related to WP2. The following table summarizes the activity under WP2 from inception of the award as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Total grant revenue from research and development activities $ 8,604 $ 4,362 Total proceeds used for assets 7,773 826 Total deferred proceeds for assets — 2,478 Total deferred grant revenue 975 304 Total recognized $ 17,352 $ 7,970 Total recognized $ 17,352 $ 7,970 Total amount accrued (1,063) (2,968) Total cash received $ 16,289 $ 5,002 Total proceeds received $ 16,289 $ 5,002 Total proceeds reasonably assured 1,911 13,198 Total WP2 grant amount $ 18,200 $ 18,200 |