Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Accounting Basis of Quarterly Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 22, 2019. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Company consolidates variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where the Company is the primary beneficiary and voting interest entities which are generally majority owned or otherwise controlled by the Company. All significant intercompany balances are eliminated in consolidation. Variable Interest Entities A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A VIE is defined as an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The determination of whether an entity is a VIE includes both a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Company bases its qualitative analysis on its review of the design of the entity, its organizational structure including decision-making ability and relevant financial agreements and the quantitative analysis on the forecasted cash flow of the entity. The Company reassesses its initial evaluation of an entity as a VIE upon the occurrence of certain reconsideration events. A VIE must be consolidated only by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who, along with its affiliates and agents, has both the: (i) power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (ii) obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE or the right to receive the benefits from the VIE, which could be significant to the VIE. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by considering qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities; the amount and characteristics of its investment; the obligation or likelihood for the Company or other interests to provide financial support; consideration of the VIE’s purpose and design, including the risks the VIE was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders and the similarity with and significance to the business activities of the Company and the other interests. The Company reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE each reporting period. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair value and performance of investments held by these VIEs and general market conditions. The Company evaluates its investments and financings, including investments in unconsolidated ventures and securitization financing transactions to determine whether each investment or financing is a VIE. The Company analyzes new investments and financings, as well as reconsideration events for existing investments and financings, which vary depending on type of investment or financing. As of March 31, 2019 , the Company has identified certain consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs. Assets of each of the VIEs, other than the Operating Partnership, may only be used to settle obligations of the respective VIE. Creditors of each of the VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the Company. Consolidated VIEs The most significant consolidated VIEs are the Operating Partnership and certain properties that have non-controlling interests. These entities are VIEs because the non-controlling interests do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Operating Partnership consolidates certain properties that have non-controlling interests. Included in operating real estate, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 is $613.2 million related to such consolidated VIEs. Included in mortgage and other notes payable, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 is $466.1 million , collateralized by the real estate assets of the related consolidated VIEs. Investing VIEs The Company’s investment in a securitization financing entity (“Investing VIE”) consisted of subordinate first-loss certificates in a securitization trust, generally referred to as Class B certificates, which represents interests in such VIE. Investing VIEs are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest payments from the underlying debt collateral assets and distribute those payments to the securitization trust’s certificate holders, including the Class B certificates. A securitization trust will name a directing certificate holder, who is generally afforded the unilateral right to terminate and appoint a replacement for the special servicer, and as such may qualify as the primary beneficiary of the trust. The Company held Class B certificates in an Investing VIE for which the Company had determined it was the primary beneficiary because it had the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted the economic performance of the securitization trust. As a result, all of the assets, liabilities (obligations to the certificate holders of the securitization trust, less the Company’s retained interest from the Class B certificates of the securitization), income and expense of the entire Investing VIE were presented in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as required by U.S. GAAP. The Company’s Class B certificates, which represented the retained interest and related interest income, were eliminated in consolidation. Regardless of the presentation, the Company’s consolidated financial statements of operations ultimately reflect the net income attributable to its retained interest in the Class B certificates. In March 2018, the Company sold the Class B certificates of its consolidated Investing VIE, relinquishing its rights as directing certificate holder. As a result, the Company was no longer deemed the primary beneficiary of the securitization trust and, accordingly, did not present the assets or liabilities of the securitization trust on its consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . The Company has presented the income and expenses of the securitization trust on its consolidated statements of operations for the period that the Company owned the Class B certificates and was considered the primary beneficiary in 2018. Unconsolidated VIEs As of March 31, 2019 , the Company identified unconsolidated VIEs related to its real estate equity investments with a carrying value of $260.3 million . The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of March 31, 2019 would not exceed the carrying value of its investment in the VIEs and its investment in a mezzanine loan to a subsidiary of one of the VIEs. Based on management’s analysis, the Company determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and, accordingly, they are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements as of March 31, 2019 . The Company did not provide financial support to its unconsolidated VIEs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 , except for funding its proportionate share of capital call contributions. As of March 31, 2019 , there were no explicit arrangements or implicit variable interests that could require the Company to provide financial support to its unconsolidated VIEs. Voting Interest Entities A voting interest entity is an entity in which the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable it to finance its activities independently and the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a voting interest entity is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the Company has a majority voting interest in a voting interest entity, the entity will generally be consolidated. The Company does not consolidate a voting interest entity if there are substantive participating rights by other parties and/or kick-out rights by a single party or through a simple majority vote. The Company performs on-going reassessments of whether entities previously evaluated under the voting interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and therefore subject to the VIE consolidation framework. Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures A non-controlling, unconsolidated ownership interest in an entity may be accounted for using the equity method or the Company may elect the fair value option. The Company will account for an investment under the equity method of accounting if it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an entity, but does not have a controlling financial interest. Under the equity method, the investment is adjusted each period for capital contributions and distributions and its share of the entity’s net income (loss). Capital contributions, distributions and net income (loss) of such entities are recorded in accordance with the terms of the governing documents. An allocation of net income (loss) may differ from the stated ownership percentage interest in such entity as a result of preferred returns and allocation formulas, if any, as described in such governing documents. Equity method investments are recognized using a cost accumulation model, in which the investment is recognized based on the cost to the investor, which includes acquisition fees. The Company records as an expense certain acquisition costs and fees associated with consolidated investments deemed to be business combinations and capitalizes these costs for investments deemed to be acquisitions of an asset, including an equity method investment. Non-controlling Interests A non-controlling interest in a consolidated subsidiary is defined as the portion of the equity (net assets) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. A non-controlling interest is required to be presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and presented separately as net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling and non-controlling interests. An allocation to a non-controlling interest may differ from the stated ownership percentage interest in such entity as a result of a preferred return and allocation formula, if any, as described in such governing documents. Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that could affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions. Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company reports consolidated comprehensive income (loss) in separate statements following the consolidated statements of operations. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity resulting from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). The only component of OCI for the Company is foreign currency translation adjustments related to its investment in an unconsolidated venture. Fair Value Option The fair value option provides an election that allows a company to irrevocably elect to record certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis at initial recognition. The Company may elect to apply the fair value option for certain investments due to the nature of the instrument. Any change in fair value for assets and liabilities for which the election is made is recognized in earnings. The Company elected the fair value option to account for the eligible financial assets and liabilities of its consolidated Investing VIEs in order to mitigate potential accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities to be consolidated. The Company adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) allowing the Company to measure both the financial assets and liabilities of a qualifying collateralized financing entity (“CFE”) it consolidated using the fair value of either the CFE’s financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash, including amounts restricted, may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance limit of $250,000 per institution. The Company mitigates credit risk by placing cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash consists of amounts related to loan origination (escrow deposits) and operating real estate (escrows for taxes, insurance, capital expenditures, security deposits received from tenants and payments required under certain lease agreements). The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported on the consolidated balance sheets to the total of such amounts as reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (dollars in thousands): March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 64,600 $ 73,811 Restricted cash 16,424 20,697 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 81,024 $ 94,508 Operating Real Estate The Company evaluates whether a real estate acquisition constitutes a business and whether business combination accounting is appropriate. The Company accounts for purchases of operating real estate that qualify as business combinations using the acquisition method, where the purchase price is allocated to tangible assets such as land, building, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, improvements and other identified intangibles such as in-place leases, goodwill and above or below market mortgages assumed, as applicable. Costs directly related to an acquisition deemed to be a business combination are expensed and included in transaction costs in the consolidated statements of operations. Major replacements and betterments which improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their useful life. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Operating real estate is carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Operating real estate is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, summarized as follows: Category: Term: Building 30 to 50 years Building improvements Lesser of the useful life or remaining life of the building Land improvements 9 to 15 years Tenant improvements Lesser of the useful life or remaining term of the lease Furniture, fixtures and equipment 5 to 14 years Construction costs incurred in connection with the Company’s investments are capitalized and included in operating real estate, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Construction in progress is not depreciated until the development is substantially completed. In a situation in which a net lease(s) associated with a significant tenant has been, or is expected to be, terminated early, the Company evaluates the remaining useful life of depreciable or amortizable assets in the asset group related to the lease that will be terminated (i.e., tenant improvements, above- and below-market lease intangibles, in-place lease value and deferred leasing costs). Based upon consideration of the facts and circumstances surrounding the termination, the Company may write-off or accelerate the depreciation and amortization associated with the asset group. Such amounts are included within rental and other income for above- and below-market lease intangibles and depreciation and amortization for the remaining lease related asset groups in the consolidated statements of operations. When the Company acquires a controlling interest in an existing unconsolidated joint venture, the Company records the consolidated investment at the updated purchase price, which is reflective of fair value. The difference between the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the existing unconsolidated joint venture on the acquisition date and the Company’s share of the fair value of the investment’s purchase price is recorded in gain (loss) on consolidation of unconsolidated venture in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Lessee Accounting A leasing arrangement, a right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, is classified by the lessee either as a finance lease, which represents a financed purchase of the leased asset, or as an operating lease. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, a lease asset and a lease liability are recognized on the balance sheet at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease renewal or termination options are included in the lease asset and lease liability only if it is reasonably certain that the option to extend would be exercised or the option to terminate would not be exercised. As the implicit rate in most leases are not readily determinable, the Company's incremental borrowing rate for each lease at commencement date is used to determine the present value of lease payments. Consideration is given to the Company’s recent debt financing transactions, as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics, adjusted for the respective lease term, when estimating incremental borrowing rates. Lease expense is recognized over the lease term based on an effective interest method for finance leases and on a straight-line basis for operating leases. Finance Leases The Company has entered into finance leases for equipment totaling $3.2 million , which is included in furniture, fixtures, and equipment within operating real estate on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The leased equipment is amortized on a straight-line basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, payments for finance leases totaled $0.2 million , respectively. The following table presents the future minimum lease payments under finance leases and the present value of the minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2019 , which is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands): April 1 to December 31, 2019 $ 502 Years Ending December 31: 2020 636 2021 597 2022 505 2023 82 Thereafter — Total minimum lease payments $ 2,322 Less: Amount representing interest $ (230 ) Present value of minimum lease payments $ 2,092 The weighted average interest rate related to the finance lease obligations is 5.8% with a weighted average lease term of 3.6 years. As of March 31, 2019 , there were no leases that have yet to commence that would create significant rights and obligations to the Company as lessee. Assets Held For Sale The Company classifies certain long-lived assets as held for sale once the criteria, as defined by U.S. GAAP, have been met and are expected to sell within one year. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value minus cost to sell, with any write-down recorded to impairment loss on the consolidated statements of operations. Depreciation and amortization is not recorded for assets classified as held for sale. As of March 31, 2019 the Company has classified three of its operating real estate properties in the Peregrine portfolio as held for sale, as presented on its consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company had one operating real estate property classified as held for sale. Real Estate Debt Investments Real estate debt investments are generally intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, are carried at cost, net of unamortized loan fees, premium, discount and unfunded commitments. Debt investments that are deemed to be impaired record an allowance for loan losses, which is generally measured as the difference between the carrying value of the loan and either the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the original effective interest rate of the loan, or an observable market price for the loan. Debt investments where the Company does not have the intent to hold the loan for the foreseeable future or until its expected payoff are classified as held for sale and recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Deferred Costs and Intangible Assets Deferred Costs Deferred costs primarily include deferred financing costs and deferred lease costs. Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing. These costs are recorded against the carrying value of such financing and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the financing using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed to realized gain (loss) on investments and other, when the associated borrowing is repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions, which do not close, are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not occur. Deferred lease costs consist of fees incurred to initiate and renew operating leases, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term and are recorded to depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of operations. Identified Intangibles The Company records acquired identified intangibles, which includes intangible assets (such as the value of the above-market leases, in-place leases, goodwill and other intangibles) and intangible liabilities (such as the value of below-market leases), based on estimated fair value. The value allocated to the identified intangibles are amortized over the remaining lease term. Above/below-market leases for which the Company is the lessor are amortized into rental income, above/below-market leases for which the Company is the lessee are amortized into real estate properties-operating expense and in-place leases are amortized into depreciation and amortization expense. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and is not amortized. The Company performs an annual impairment test for goodwill and evaluates the recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be fully recoverable. In making such assessment, qualitative factors are used to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then an impairment charge is recorded. Identified intangible assets are recorded in deferred costs and intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents a summary of deferred costs and intangible assets, net as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands): March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) December 31, 2018 Deferred costs and intangible assets, net: In-place lease value, net $ 7,788 $ 14,559 Goodwill 21,387 21,387 Other intangible assets 380 380 Subtotal intangible assets 29,555 36,326 Deferred costs, net 595 670 Total $ 30,150 $ 36,996 The following table presents future amortization of in-place lease value and deferred costs (dollars in thousands): April 1 to December 31, 2019 $ 1,573 Years Ending December 31: 2020 2,093 2021 1,871 2022 592 2023 337 Thereafter 1,917 Total $ 8,383 Acquisition Fees and Expenses The total of all acquisition fees and expenses for an investment, including acquisition fees to the Advisor, cannot exceed, in the aggregate, 6.0% of the contract purchase price of such investment unless such excess is approved by a majority of the Company’s directors, including a majority of its independent directors. Effective January 1, 2018, the Advisor no longer receives an acquisition fee in connection with the Company’s acquisitions of real estate properties or debt investments. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the Company did not incur any acquisition fees or expenses to the Advisor or third parties. The Company records as an expense certain acquisition costs and fees associated with transactions deemed to be business combinations in which it consolidates the asset and capitalizes these costs for transactions deemed to be acquisitions of an asset, including an equity investment. Other Assets The following table presents a summary of other assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands): March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) December 31, 2018 Other assets: Healthcare facility regulatory reserve deposit $ 6,000 $ 6,000 Remainder interest in condominium units (1) 2,712 3,025 Prepaid expenses 4,892 3,536 Lease / rent inducements, net 1,592 1,254 Utility deposits 322 325 Other 318 320 Total $ 15,836 $ 14,460 _______________________________________ (1) Represents future interests in property subject to life estates (“Remainder Interest”). Revenue Recognition Operating Real Estate Rental income from operating real estate is derived from leasing of space to various types of tenants and healthcare operators, including rent received from the Company’s net lease properties as well as rent, ancillary service fees and other related revenue earned from ILF residents. Rental revenue recognition commences when the tenant takes legal possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. The leases are for fixed terms of varying length and generally provide for rentals and expense reimbursements to be paid in monthly installments. Rental income from leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective leases. The excess of rents recognized over amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases are included in receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company amortizes any tenant inducements as a reduction of revenue utilizing the straight-line method over the term of the lease. The Company also generates operating income from operating healthcare properties. Revenue related to operating healthcare properties includes resident room and care charges, ancillary fees and other resident service charges. Rent is charged and revenue is recognized when such services are provided, generally defined per the resident agreement as of the date upon which a resident occupies a room or uses the services. Income derived from our ALF, MC and CCRC facilities is recorded in resident fee income in the consolidated statements of operations. Real Estate Debt Investments Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis and any related premium, discount, origination costs and fees are amortized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. The amortization is reflected as an adjustment to interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. The amortization of a premium or accretion of a discount is discontinued if such investment is reclassified to held for sale. Healthcare-Related Securities Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method with any premium or discount amortized or accreted through earnings based on expected cash flow through the expected maturity date of the security. Changes to expected cash flow may result in a change to the yield which is then applied retrospectively for high-credit quality securities that cannot be prepaid or otherwise settled in such a way that the holder would not recover substantially all of the investment or prospectively for all other securities to recognize interest income. Credit Losses and Impairment on Investments Generally, the carrying value of the Company’s investments represent depreciated historical cost bases or, for investments that have been previously impaired, fair value or net realizable value. Such amounts are based upon the Company’s reasonable assumptions about the highest and best use of the investments and the intent and ability to hold the investments for a reasonable period that would allow for the recovery of the investments’ carrying values. If such assumptions change, including shortening the expected hold period, impairment losses on investments may be required to adjust carrying values to fair value or fair value less costs to sell. Operating Real Estate The Company’s real estate portfolio is reviewed on a quarterly basis, or more frequently as necessary, to assess whether there are any indicators that the value of its operating real estate may be impaired or that its carrying value may not be recoverable. A property’s value is considered impaired if the Company’s estimate of the aggregate expected future undiscounted cash flow generated by the property is less than the carrying value. In conducting this review, the Company considers U.S. macroeconomic factors, real estate and healthcare sector conditions, together with asset specific and other factors. To the extent an impairment has occurred, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value of the property over the estimated fair value and recorded in impairment loss in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did no t record any impairment losses on its operating real estate investments during the three months ended March 31, 2019 . Refer to “ — Note 3, Operating Real Estate” for additional information regarding impairment of operating real estate. Lease income from tenants/operators/residents is recognized at lease commencement only to the extent collection is expected to be probable in consideration of tenants’/operators’/residents’ creditworthiness. If collection is assessed to not be probable thereafter, lease income recognized is limited to lease payments collected, with the reversal of any income recognized to date in excess of amounts received. If collection is subsequently reassessed to be probable, lease income is adjusted to reflect the amount of income that would have been recognized had collection always been assessed as probable. Real Estate Debt Investments Real estate debt investments are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect all principal and interest amounts due according to the contractual terms. The Company assesses the credit quality of the portfolio and adequacy of reserves on a quarterly basis or more frequently as necessary. Significant judgment of the Company is required in this analysis. The Company considers the estimated net recoverable value of the investment as well as other factors, including but not limited to the fair value of any collateral, the amount and the status of any senior debt, the quality and financial condition of the borrower and the competitive situation of the area where the underlying collateral is located. Because this determination is based on projections of future economic events, which are |