Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , loans consisted of the following (dollars in thousands): 2017 Covered Loans Percent of Total Non-Covered Loans ACI Non-ACI Total Residential and other consumer: 1-4 single family residential $ 4,116,814 $ 479,068 $ 26,837 $ 4,622,719 21.6 % Home equity loans and lines of credit 1,654 — 361 2,015 — % Other consumer loans 20,512 — — 20,512 0.1 % 4,138,980 479,068 27,198 4,645,246 21.7 % Commercial: Multi-family 3,215,697 — — 3,215,697 15.0 % Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 4,485,276 — — 4,485,276 21.0 % Construction and land 310,999 — — 310,999 1.5 % Owner occupied commercial real estate 2,014,908 — — 2,014,908 9.4 % Commercial and industrial 4,145,785 — — 4,145,785 19.4 % Commercial lending subsidiaries 2,553,576 — — 2,553,576 12.0 % 16,726,241 — — 16,726,241 78.3 % Total loans 20,865,221 479,068 27,198 21,371,487 100.0 % Premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs, net 48,165 — (3,148 ) 45,017 Loans including premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs 20,913,386 479,068 24,050 21,416,504 Allowance for loan and lease losses (144,537 ) — (258 ) (144,795 ) Loans, net $ 20,768,849 $ 479,068 $ 23,792 $ 21,271,709 2016 Covered Loans Percent of Total Non-Covered Loans ACI Non-ACI Total Residential and other consumer: 1-4 single family residential $ 3,422,425 $ 532,348 $ 36,675 $ 3,991,448 20.6 % Home equity loans and lines of credit 1,120 3,894 47,629 52,643 0.3 % Other consumer loans 24,365 — — 24,365 0.1 % 3,447,910 536,242 84,304 4,068,456 21.0 % Commercial: Multi-family 3,824,973 — — 3,824,973 19.8 % Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 3,739,235 — — 3,739,235 19.3 % Construction and land 311,436 — — 311,436 1.6 % Owner occupied commercial real estate 1,736,858 — — 1,736,858 9.0 % Commercial and industrial 3,391,614 — — 3,391,614 17.5 % Commercial lending subsidiaries 2,280,685 — — 2,280,685 11.8 % 15,284,801 — — 15,284,801 79.0 % Total loans 18,732,711 536,242 84,304 19,353,257 100.0 % Premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs, net 48,641 — (6,504 ) 42,137 Loans including premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs 18,781,352 536,242 77,800 19,395,394 Allowance for loan and lease losses (150,853 ) — (2,100 ) (152,953 ) Loans, net $ 18,630,499 $ 536,242 $ 75,700 $ 19,242,441 Included in non-covered loans above are $34 million and $47 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, of ACI commercial loans acquired in the FSB Acquisition. Through two subsidiaries, the Bank provides commercial and municipal equipment and franchise financing utilizing both loan and lease structures. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the commercial lending subsidiaries portfolio included a net investment in direct financing leases of $738 million and $643 million , respectively. The following table presents the components of the investment in direct financing leases as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Total minimum lease payments to be received $ 792,064 $ 689,631 Estimated unguaranteed residual value of leased assets 17,872 3,704 Gross investment in direct financing leases 809,936 693,335 Unearned income (76,900 ) (55,891 ) Initial direct costs 5,184 5,287 $ 738,220 $ 642,731 As of December 31, 2017 , future minimum lease payments to be received under direct financing leases were as follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31: 2018 $ 189,017 2019 158,846 2020 121,930 2021 74,536 2022 49,781 Thereafter 197,954 $ 792,064 During both of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company purchased 1-4 single family residential loans totaling $1.3 billion . At December 31, 2017 , the Company had pledged real estate loans with UPB of approximately $10.5 billion and recorded investment of approximately $10.0 billion as security for FHLB advances. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the UPB of ACI loans was $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion , respectively. The accretable yield on ACI loans represents the amount by which undiscounted expected future cash flows exceed recorded investment. Changes in the accretable yield on ACI loans for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 were as follows (in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 1,005,312 Reclassifications from non-accretable difference 192,291 Accretion (295,038 ) Balance at December 31, 2015 902,565 Reclassifications from non-accretable difference 76,751 Accretion (303,931 ) Balance at December 31, 2016 675,385 Reclassifications from non-accretable difference 81,501 Accretion (301,827 ) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 455,059 Reclassifications from non-accretable difference in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $16.3 million of remaining accretable yield included in the determination of the recorded investment in the pool of ACI home equity loans and lines of credit, which was sold in its entirety in the fourth quarter of 2017. Covered loan sales During the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company sold covered residential loans to third parties on a non-recourse basis. The following table summarizes the impact of these transactions (in thousands): 2017 2016 2015 UPB of loans sold $ 203,970 $ 241,348 $ 249,038 Cash proceeds, net of transaction costs $ 169,828 $ 171,367 $ 207,425 Recorded investment in loans sold 152,422 185,837 172,496 Gain (loss) on sale of covered loans, net $ 17,406 $ (14,470 ) $ 34,929 Gain (loss) on FDIC indemnification, net $ (1,523 ) $ 11,615 $ (28,051 ) Allowance for loan and lease losses Activity in the ALLL for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 is summarized as follows (in thousands): 2017 Residential and Other Consumer Commercial Total Beginning balance $ 11,503 $ 141,450 $ 152,953 Provision for (recovery of) loan losses: Covered loans 1,418 (60 ) 1,358 Non-covered loans 1,034 66,355 67,389 Total provision 2,452 66,295 68,747 Charge-offs: Covered loans (3,327 ) — (3,327 ) Non-covered loans (1 ) (77,865 ) (77,866 ) Total charge-offs (3,328 ) (77,865 ) (81,193 ) Recoveries: Covered loans 67 60 127 Non-covered loans 26 4,135 4,161 Total recoveries 93 4,195 4,288 Ending balance $ 10,720 $ 134,075 $ 144,795 2016 Residential and Other Consumer Commercial Total Beginning balance $ 16,211 $ 109,617 $ 125,828 Provision for (recovery of) loan losses: Covered loans (1,632 ) (49 ) (1,681 ) Non-covered loans (1,814 ) 54,406 52,592 Total provision (3,446 ) 54,357 50,911 Charge-offs: Covered loans (1,216 ) — (1,216 ) Non-covered loans (152 ) (25,742 ) (25,894 ) Total charge-offs (1,368 ) (25,742 ) (27,110 ) Recoveries: Covered loans 80 49 129 Non-covered loans 26 3,169 3,195 Total recoveries 106 3,218 3,324 Ending balance $ 11,503 $ 141,450 $ 152,953 2015 Residential and Other Consumer Commercial Total Beginning balance $ 11,515 $ 84,027 $ 95,542 Provision for (recovery of) loan losses: Covered loans 2,317 (66 ) 2,251 Non-covered loans 3,988 38,072 42,060 Total provision 6,305 38,006 44,311 Charge-offs: Covered loans (1,680 ) — (1,680 ) Non-covered loans — (13,719 ) (13,719 ) Total charge-offs (1,680 ) (13,719 ) (15,399 ) Recoveries: Covered loans 39 66 105 Non-covered loans 32 1,237 1,269 Total recoveries 71 1,303 1,374 Ending balance $ 16,211 $ 109,617 $ 125,828 The following table presents information about the balance of the ALLL and related loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Residential and Other Consumer Commercial Total Residential and Other Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for loan and lease losses: Ending balance $ 10,720 $ 134,075 $ 144,795 $ 11,503 $ 141,450 $ 152,953 Covered loans: Ending balance $ 258 $ — $ 258 $ 2,100 $ — $ 2,100 Ending balance: non-ACI loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 118 $ — $ 118 $ 529 $ — $ 529 Ending balance: non-ACI loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 140 $ — $ 140 $ 1,571 $ — $ 1,571 Ending balance: ACI loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-covered loans: Ending balance $ 10,462 $ 134,075 $ 144,537 $ 9,403 $ 141,450 $ 150,853 Ending balance: loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 63 $ 18,776 $ 18,839 $ 12 $ 19,229 $ 19,241 Ending balance: loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 10,399 $ 115,299 $ 125,698 $ 9,391 $ 122,221 $ 131,612 Ending balance: ACI loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans: 0 Covered loans: Ending balance $ 503,118 $ — $ 503,118 $ 614,042 $ — $ 614,042 Ending balance: non-ACI loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,221 $ — $ 2,221 $ 12,396 $ — $ 12,396 Ending balance: non-ACI loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 21,829 $ — $ 21,829 $ 65,404 $ — $ 65,404 Ending balance: ACI loans $ 479,068 $ — $ 479,068 $ 536,242 $ — $ 536,242 Non-covered loans: Ending balance $ 4,196,080 $ 16,717,306 $ 20,913,386 $ 3,495,775 $ 15,285,577 $ 18,781,352 Ending balance: loans, other than ACI loans, individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,234 $ 173,706 $ 174,940 $ 561 $ 176,932 $ 177,493 Ending balance: loans, other than ACI loans, collectively evaluated for impairment $ 4,194,846 $ 16,509,824 $ 20,704,670 $ 3,495,207 $ 15,061,707 $ 18,556,914 Ending balance: ACI loans $ — $ 33,776 $ 33,776 $ 7 $ 46,938 $ 46,945 Credit quality information The table below presents information about loans or ACI pools identified as impaired as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Recorded Investment UPB Related Specific Allowance Recorded Investment UPB Related Specific Allowance Non-covered loans: With no specific allowance recorded: 1-4 single family residential $ 120 $ 122 $ — $ — $ — $ — Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 10,922 10,838 — 510 512 — Construction and land 1,175 1,175 — 1,238 1,238 — Owner occupied commercial real estate 22,002 22,025 — 16,834 16,894 — Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 13,560 13,559 — 18,107 18,107 — Other commercial and industrial 345 374 — 6,172 6,172 — Commercial lending subsidiaries — — — 10,620 10,510 — With a specific allowance recorded: 1-4 single family residential 1,114 1,090 63 561 546 12 Multi-family 23,173 23,175 1,732 — — — Owner occupied commercial real estate 3,075 3,079 2,960 491 513 263 Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 92,507 92,508 12,214 73,131 73,147 5,948 Other commercial and industrial 3,626 3,624 1,540 29,452 29,463 9,168 Commercial lending subsidiaries 3,321 3,296 330 21,712 21,605 3,850 Total: Residential and other consumer $ 1,234 $ 1,212 $ 63 $ 561 $ 546 $ 12 Commercial 173,706 173,653 18,776 178,267 178,161 19,229 $ 174,940 $ 174,865 $ 18,839 $ 178,828 $ 178,707 $ 19,241 Covered loans: Non-ACI loans: With no specific allowance recorded: 1-4 single family residential $ 1,061 $ 1,203 $ — $ 1,169 $ 1,391 $ — Home equity loans and lines of credit — — — 2,255 2,286 — With a specific allowance recorded: 1-4 single family residential 1,160 1,314 118 1,272 1,514 181 Home equity loans and lines of credit — — — 7,700 7,804 348 $ 2,221 $ 2,517 $ 118 $ 12,396 $ 12,995 $ 529 Non-covered impaired loans include commercial real estate ACI loans modified in TDRs with a carrying value of $1.3 million as of December 31, 2016 . Interest income recognized on impaired loans and pools for the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately $9.6 million . The interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was not material. The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): 2017 2016 2015 Non-Covered Loans Covered Non-ACI Loans Non-Covered Loans Covered Non-ACI Non-Covered Loans Covered Non-ACI Residential and other consumer: 1-4 single family residential $ 868 $ 2,345 $ 301 $ 3,067 $ 82 $ 3,655 Home equity loans and lines of credit — 8,403 — 9,225 4,830 868 $ 10,748 301 $ 12,292 82 $ 8,485 Commercial: Multi-family 4,259 — 291 Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 5,537 710 1,001 Construction and land 2,789 797 — Owner occupied commercial real estate 19,882 14,645 5,117 Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 108,977 45,012 — Other commercial and industrial 38,275 40,443 35,976 Commercial lending subsidiaries 22,865 15,052 14,835 202,584 116,659 57,220 $ 203,452 $ 116,960 $ 57,302 In addition to the above, a pool of ACI home equity loans and lines of credit was impaired during 2017. All of the loans from this pool were sold in the fourth quarter of 2017. The average balance of impaired ACI home equity loans and lines of credit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $3.9 million . The following table presents the recorded investment in loans on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Non-Covered Loans Covered Non-Covered Loans Covered Non-ACI Loans Residential and other consumer: 1-4 single family residential $ 9,705 $ 1,010 $ 566 $ 918 Home equity loans and lines of credit — 331 — 2,283 Other consumer loans 821 — 2 — 10,526 $ 1,341 568 $ 3,201 Commercial: Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 12,716 559 Construction and land 1,175 1,238 Owner occupied commercial real estate 29,020 19,439 Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 106,067 60,660 Other commercial and industrial 7,049 16,036 Commercial lending subsidiaries 3,512 32,645 159,539 130,577 $ 170,065 $ 131,145 Non-covered loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $1.9 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The amount of additional interest income that would have been recognized on non-accrual loans had they performed in accordance with their contractual terms was approximately $4.1 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Management considers delinquency status to be the most meaningful indicator of the credit quality of 1-4 single family residential, home equity and consumer loans. Delinquency statistics are updated at least monthly. See "Aging of loans" below for more information on the delinquency status of loans. Original LTV and original FICO score are also important indicators of credit quality for the non-covered 1-4 single family residential portfolio. Internal risk ratings are considered the most meaningful indicator of credit quality for commercial loans. Internal risk ratings are a key factor in identifying loans that are individually evaluated for impairment and impact management’s estimates of loss factors used in determining the amount of the ALLL. Internal risk ratings are updated on a continuous basis. Generally, relationships with balances in excess of defined thresholds, ranging from $1 million to $3 million , are re-evaluated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances indicate that a change in risk rating may be warranted. Loans exhibiting potential credit weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention and that if left uncorrected may result in deterioration of the repayment capacity of the borrower are categorized as special mention. Loans with well-defined credit weaknesses, including payment defaults, declining collateral values, frequent overdrafts, operating losses, increasing balance sheet leverage, inadequate cash flow, project cost overruns, unreasonable construction delays, past due real estate taxes or exhausted interest reserves, are assigned an internal risk rating of substandard. A loan with a weakness so severe that collection in full is highly questionable or improbable, but because of certain reasonably specific pending factors has not been charged off, will be assigned an internal risk rating of doubtful. The following tables summarize key indicators of credit quality for the Company's loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Amounts include premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs (in thousands): 1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure for non-covered loans, based on original LTV and FICO score: 2017 FICO LTV 720 or less 721 - 740 741 - 760 761 or greater Total 60% or less $ 92,316 $ 117,319 $ 185,193 $ 815,828 $ 1,210,656 60% - 70% 101,158 103,506 147,592 590,693 942,949 70% - 80% 149,958 183,376 324,887 1,139,969 1,798,190 More than 80% 33,776 32,563 30,404 125,415 222,158 $ 377,208 $ 436,764 $ 688,076 $ 2,671,905 $ 4,173,953 2016 FICO LTV 720 or less 721 - 740 741 - 760 761 or greater Total 60% or less $ 87,035 $ 113,401 $ 163,668 $ 751,291 $ 1,115,395 60% - 70% 80,694 94,592 124,180 523,970 823,436 70% - 80% 110,509 148,211 276,425 907,450 1,442,595 More than 80% 22,115 9,058 15,470 42,280 88,923 $ 300,353 $ 365,262 $ 579,743 $ 2,224,991 $ 3,470,349 Commercial credit exposure, based on internal risk rating: 2017 Commercial and Industrial Multi-Family Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate Construction Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate Taxi Medallion Loans Other Commercial and Industrial Commercial Lending Subsidiaries Total Pass $ 3,124,819 $ 4,360,827 $ 305,043 $ 1,954,464 $ — $ 3,965,241 $ 2,478,998 $ 16,189,392 Special mention 34,837 33,094 — 22,161 — 37,591 55,551 183,234 Substandard 59,297 80,880 5,441 33,145 104,682 27,010 27,950 338,405 Doubtful — — — 2,972 1,385 1,918 — 6,275 $ 3,218,953 $ 4,474,801 $ 310,484 $ 2,012,742 $ 106,067 $ 4,031,760 $ 2,562,499 $ 16,717,306 2016 Commercial and Industrial Multi-Family Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate Construction and Land Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate Taxi Medallion Loans Other Commercial and Industrial Commercial Lending Subsidiaries Total Pass $ 3,811,822 $ 3,694,931 $ 309,675 $ 1,672,199 $ 40,460 $ 3,112,590 $ 2,255,444 $ 14,897,121 Special mention 12,000 7,942 — 33,274 — 19,009 — 72,225 Substandard 5,852 28,935 1,238 30,377 138,035 68,704 31,572 304,713 Doubtful — — — — 178 8,162 3,178 11,518 $ 3,829,674 $ 3,731,808 $ 310,913 $ 1,735,850 $ 178,673 $ 3,208,465 $ 2,290,194 $ 15,285,577 Aging of loans: The following table presents an aging of loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Amounts include premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs (in thousands): 2017 2016 Current 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Current 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Non-covered loans: 1-4 single family residential $ 4,145,079 $ 17,224 $ 6,094 $ 5,556 $ 4,173,953 $ 3,457,606 $ 10,355 $ 325 $ 2,063 $ 3,470,349 Home equity loans and lines of credit 1,633 21 — — 1,654 1,120 — — — 1,120 Other consumer loans 19,958 15 — 500 20,473 24,306 — — — 24,306 Multi-family 3,218,953 — — — 3,218,953 3,829,674 — — — 3,829,674 Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 4,464,967 7,549 — 2,285 4,474,801 3,730,470 754 — 584 3,731,808 Construction and land 309,309 — — 1,175 310,484 309,675 — — 1,238 310,913 Owner occupied commercial real estate 2,004,397 1,292 499 6,554 2,012,742 1,726,826 1,557 797 6,670 1,735,850 Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 88,394 6,048 3,333 8,292 106,067 137,856 7,037 4,563 29,217 178,673 Other commercial and industrial 4,025,784 4,291 291 1,394 4,031,760 3,198,008 2,515 954 6,988 3,208,465 Commercial lending subsidiaries 2,561,647 852 — — 2,562,499 2,284,435 12 3,247 2,500 2,290,194 $ 20,840,121 $ 37,292 $ 10,217 $ 25,756 $ 20,913,386 $ 18,699,976 $ 22,230 $ 9,886 $ 49,260 $ 18,781,352 Covered loans: Non-ACI loans: 1-4 single family residential $ 21,076 $ 1,603 $ — $ 1,010 $ 23,689 $ 29,406 $ 481 $ — $ 918 $ 30,805 Home equity loans and lines of credit 30 — — 331 361 43,129 1,255 534 2,077 46,995 $ 21,106 $ 1,603 $ — $ 1,341 $ 24,050 $ 72,535 $ 1,736 $ 534 $ 2,995 $ 77,800 ACI loans: 1-4 single family residential $ 448,125 $ 10,388 $ 2,719 $ 17,836 $ 479,068 $ 500,272 $ 13,524 $ 2,990 $ 15,562 $ 532,348 Home equity loans and lines of credit — — — — — 3,460 148 23 263 3,894 $ 448,125 $ 10,388 $ 2,719 $ 17,836 $ 479,068 $ 503,732 $ 13,672 $ 3,013 $ 15,825 $ 536,242 1-4 single family residential and home equity ACI loans that are contractually delinquent by more than 90 days and accounted for in pools that are on accrual status because discount continues to be accreted totaled $18 million and $16 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Loan Concentrations: At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , 1-4 single family residential loans outstanding were collateralized by property located in the following states (dollars in thousands): 2017 Percent of Total Non-Covered Loans Covered Loans Total Non-Covered Loans Total Loans California $ 1,094,058 $ 23,780 $ 1,117,838 26.2 % 23.9 % New York 873,360 16,847 890,207 20.9 % 19.0 % Florida 552,556 281,396 833,952 13.2 % 17.8 % Virginia 181,912 22,290 204,202 4.4 % 4.4 % Others 1,472,067 158,444 1,630,511 35.3 % 34.9 % $ 4,173,953 $ 502,757 $ 4,676,710 100.0 % 100.0 % 2016 Percent of Total Non-Covered Loans Covered Loans Total Non-Covered Loans Total Loans California $ 904,107 $ 37,330 $ 941,437 26.1 % 23.3 % Florida 487,294 300,198 787,492 14.0 % 19.5 % New York 763,824 16,403 780,227 22.0 % 19.3 % Virginia 152,113 30,818 182,931 4.4 % 4.5 % Others 1,163,011 178,404 1,341,415 33.5 % 33.4 % $ 3,470,349 $ 563,153 $ 4,033,502 100.0 % 100.0 % No other state represented borrowers with more than 4.0% of 1-4 single family residential loans outstanding at December 31, 2017 or 2016 . At December 31, 2017 , 43.4% and 36.4% of loans in the non-covered commercial portfolio were to borrowers in Florida and the New York tri-state area, respectively. At December 31, 2016 , 43.1% and 39.2% of loans in the non-covered commercial portfolio were to borrowers in Florida and the New York tri-state area, respectively. Foreclosure of residential real estate The carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties included in "Other assets" in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, all of which were covered, totaled $3 million and $5 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The recorded investment in residential mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure totaled $11 million and $8 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, substantially all of which were covered loans. Troubled debt restructurings The following tables summarize loans that were modified in TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , as well as loans modified during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 that experienced payment defaults during the periods (dollars in thousands): 2017 Loans Modified in TDRs TDRs Experiencing Payment Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Non-covered loans: 1-4 single family residential 7 $ 676 5 $ 595 Multi-family 2 23,173 — — Owner occupied commercial real estate 3 4,685 — — Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 110 48,526 8 2,725 Other commercial and industrial 2 1,378 — — 124 $ 78,438 13 $ 3,320 2016 Loans Modified in TDRs TDRs Experiencing Payment Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Non-covered loans: 1-4 single family residential 2 $ 326 — $ — Owner occupied commercial real estate 3 5,117 1 491 Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 74 64,854 15 8,657 Other commercial and industrial 8 23,247 2 1,482 Commercial lending subsidiaries 6 6,735 1 2,500 93 $ 100,279 19 $ 13,130 Covered loans: Non-ACI loans: Home equity loans and lines of credit 17 $ 2,016 1 $ 370 ACI loans: Owner occupied commercial real estate 1 $ 825 — $ — 2015 Loans Modified in TDRs TDRs Experiencing Payment Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Non-covered loans: Non-owner occupied commercial real estate 1 $ 548 — $ — Commercial and industrial Taxi medallion loans 2 1,260 1 627 3 $ 1,808 1 $ 627 Covered loans: Non-ACI loans: 1-4 single family residential 2 $ 239 — $ — Home equity loans and lines of credit 28 6,208 7 1,231 30 $ 6,447 7 $ 1,231 ACI loans: Owner occupied commercial real estate 1 $ 500 — $ — Modifications during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 included interest rate reductions, restructuring of the amount and timing of required periodic payments, extensions of maturity and covenant waivers. Included in TDRs are residential loans to borrowers who have not reaffirmed their debt discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The total amount of such loans is not material. Modified ACI loans accounted for in pools are not considered TDRs, are not separated from the pools and are not classified as impaired loans. |