Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Loans consisted of the following at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Percent of Total Loans Amortized Cost Percent of Total Loans Commercial: Non-owner occupied commercial real estate $ 5,652,203 23.3 % $ 5,323,241 21.6 % Construction and land 561,989 2.3 % 495,992 2.0 % Owner occupied commercial real estate 1,941,004 8.0 % 1,935,743 7.9 % Commercial and industrial 7,042,222 28.9 % 6,971,981 28.3 % Pinnacle - municipal finance 720,661 3.0 % 884,690 3.6 % Franchise and equipment finance 213,477 0.9 % 380,347 1.5 % Mortgage warehouse lending 585,610 2.4 % 432,663 1.8 % 16,717,166 68.8 % 16,424,657 66.7 % Residential: 1-4 single family residential 6,508,922 26.8 % 6,903,013 28.0 % Government insured residential 1,071,892 4.4 % 1,306,014 5.3 % 7,580,814 31.2 % 8,209,027 33.3 % Total loans 24,297,980 100.0 % 24,633,684 100.0 % Allowance for credit losses (223,153) (202,689) Loans, net $ 24,074,827 $ 24,430,995 Premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs, excluding the non-credit related discount on PCD loans, totaled $33 million and $45 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of residential PCD loans and the related amount of non-credit discount, net of the related ACL, at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 UPB $ 66,119 $ 80,123 Non-credit discount (27,664) (35,249) Total amortized cost of PCD loans 38,455 44,874 ACL related to PCD loans (182) (161) PCD loans, net $ 38,273 $ 44,713 During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company purchased residential loans totaling $366 million, $493 million and $2.3 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had pledged loans with a carrying value of approximately $15.8 billion and $16.5 billion, respectively, as security for FHLB advances and Federal Reserve discount window capacity. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $120 million and $138 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in other assets Allowance for credit losses The ACL for all periods presented was determined utilizing a 2-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The quantitative portion of the ACL at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was determined using three weighted third-party provided economic scenarios. The quantitative portion of the ACL at December 31, 2022 was determined using a single third-party provided economic scenario. Activity in the ACL is summarized below for the periods indicated (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Commercial Residential Total Commercial Residential Total Commercial Residential Total Beginning balance $ 195,058 $ 7,631 $ 202,689 $ 136,205 $ 11,741 $ 147,946 $ 117,270 $ 9,187 $ 126,457 Impact of adoption of ASU 2022-02 N/A N/A N/A (1,677) (117) (1,794) N/A N/A N/A Balance after adoption of ASU 2022-02 195,058 7,631 202,689 134,528 11,624 146,152 117,270 9,187 126,457 Provision (recovery) 54,545 4,441 58,986 82,926 (4,002) 78,924 70,956 2,858 73,814 Charge-offs (59,824) (126) (59,950) (35,014) — (35,014) (61,643) (412) (62,055) Recoveries 21,424 4 21,428 12,618 9 12,627 9,622 108 9,730 Ending balance $ 211,203 $ 11,950 $ 223,153 $ 195,058 $ 7,631 $ 202,689 $ 136,205 $ 11,741 $ 147,946 The ACL increased by $20.5 million to 0.92% from 0.82% of total loans, at December 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023. The more significant factors impacting the provision for credit losses and increase in the ACL for the year ended December 31, 2024, were risk rating migration and increases in certain specific reserves along with an increase in qualitative loss factors, partially offset by net charge-offs and an improved economic forecast. The following table presents gross charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2024, by year of origination (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 Gross Charge-offs By Loan Origination Year 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Revolving Loans Total CRE $ — $ — $ 4,369 $ — $ — $ 1,833 $ — $ 6,202 C&I 405 327 29,438 3,761 52 1,460 12,470 47,913 Franchise and equipment finance — — — 765 — 4,944 — 5,709 1-4 single family residential — — — — — 126 — 126 $ 405 $ 327 $ 33,807 $ 4,526 $ 52 $ 8,363 $ 12,470 $ 59,950 The following table presents the components of the provision for (recovery of) credit losses for the periods indicated (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Amount related to funded portion of loans $ 58,986 $ 78,924 $ 73,814 Amount related to off-balance sheet credit exposures (3,914) 8,683 1,467 Other — — (127) Total provision for credit losses $ 55,072 $ 87,607 $ 75,154 Credit quality information Credit quality of loans held for investment is continuously monitored by dedicated commercial portfolio management and residential credit risk management functions. The Company also has a workout and recovery department that monitors the credit quality of criticized and classified loans and an independent internal credit review function. Credit quality indicators for commercial loans Factors that impact risk inherent in commercial portfolio segments include but are not limited to levels of economic activity or potential disruptions in economic activity, health of the national, regional and to a lesser extent global economies, interest rates, industry trends, demographic trends, inflationary trends, including particularly for commercial real estate loans the cost of insurance, patterns of and trends in customer behavior that influence demand for our borrowers' products and services, and commercial real estate values and related market dynamics. Particularly for the office sector, the evolving impact of hybrid and remote work on vacancies and valuations is a factor. Internal risk ratings are considered the most meaningful indicator of credit quality for commercial loans. Internal risk ratings are one indicator of the likelihood that a borrower will default, are a key factor influencing the level and nature of ongoing monitoring of loans and may impact the estimation of the ACL. Internal risk ratings are updated on a continuous basis. Generally, relationships with balances in excess of defined thresholds, ranging from $2 million to $3 million, are re-evaluated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances indicate that a change in risk rating may be warranted. The special mention rating is considered a transitional rating for loans exhibiting potential credit weaknesses that could result in deterioration of repayment prospects at some future date if not checked or corrected and that deserve management’s close attention. These borrowers may exhibit declining cash flows or revenues or increasing leverage. Loans with well-defined credit weaknesses that may result in a loss if the deficiencies are not corrected are assigned a risk rating of substandard. These borrowers may exhibit payment defaults, inadequate cash flows from current operations, operating losses, increasing balance sheet leverage, project cost overruns, unreasonable construction delays, exhausted interest reserves, declining collateral values, frequent overdrafts or past due real estate taxes. Loans with weaknesses so severe that collection in full is highly questionable or improbable, but because of certain reasonably specific pending factors have not been charged off, are assigned an internal risk rating of doubtful. Commercial credit exposure based on internal risk rating (in thousands): December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost By Origination Year Revolving Loans 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total CRE Pass $ 921,888 $ 783,342 $ 1,119,032 $ 609,452 $ 399,806 $ 1,478,261 $ 114,648 $ 5,426,429 Special mention — — — — 39,714 19,057 — 58,771 Substandard — 21,853 131,816 121,005 76,590 377,728 — 728,992 Total CRE $ 921,888 $ 805,195 $ 1,250,848 $ 730,457 $ 516,110 $ 1,875,046 $ 114,648 $ 6,214,192 C&I Pass $ 1,514,746 $ 1,182,701 $ 962,478 $ 470,041 $ 269,508 $ 1,085,412 $ 2,931,044 $ 8,415,930 Special mention 45,092 8,231 73,226 35,581 — — 41,486 203,616 Substandard — 49,681 74,001 40,108 10,529 101,028 81,798 357,145 Doubtful — — — — — — 6,535 6,535 Total C&I $ 1,559,838 $ 1,240,613 $ 1,109,705 $ 545,730 $ 280,037 $ 1,186,440 $ 3,060,863 $ 8,983,226 Pinnacle - municipal finance Pass $ 60,317 $ 108,440 $ 93,800 $ 51,034 $ 24,010 $ 383,060 $ — $ 720,661 Total Pinnacle - municipal finance $ 60,317 $ 108,440 $ 93,800 $ 51,034 $ 24,010 $ 383,060 $ — $ 720,661 Franchise and equipment finance Pass $ — $ 2,014 $ 26,408 $ 54,871 $ 16,435 $ 84,879 $ 174 $ 184,781 Substandard — — — 1,486 275 26,614 — 28,375 Doubtful — — — — — 321 — 321 Total Franchise and equipment finance $ — $ 2,014 $ 26,408 $ 56,357 $ 16,710 $ 111,814 $ 174 $ 213,477 Mortgage warehouse lending Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 585,610 $ 585,610 Total Mortgage warehouse lending $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 585,610 $ 585,610 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost By Origination Year Revolving Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total CRE Pass $ 668,669 $ 1,268,313 $ 662,340 $ 493,675 $ 878,048 $ 1,064,601 $ 281,584 $ 5,317,230 Special mention 19,127 13,377 — — 57,984 4,912 2,152 97,552 Substandard — 42,997 2,103 29,180 186,368 142,049 1,754 404,451 Total CRE $ 687,796 $ 1,324,687 $ 664,443 $ 522,855 $ 1,122,400 $ 1,211,562 $ 285,490 $ 5,819,233 C&I Pass $ 1,382,939 $ 1,423,581 $ 653,730 $ 337,322 $ 431,257 $ 1,040,101 $ 3,069,295 $ 8,338,225 Special mention — 85,306 1,215 13,949 49,526 22,398 47,680 220,074 Substandard 3,841 70,731 86,747 16,063 20,757 91,844 44,633 334,616 Doubtful — 10,580 — — 4,229 — — 14,809 Total C&I $ 1,386,780 $ 1,590,198 $ 741,692 $ 367,334 $ 505,769 $ 1,154,343 $ 3,161,608 $ 8,907,724 Pinnacle - municipal finance Pass $ 170,919 $ 133,988 $ 74,895 $ 31,771 $ 55,338 $ 417,779 $ — $ 884,690 Total Pinnacle - municipal finance $ 170,919 $ 133,988 $ 74,895 $ 31,771 $ 55,338 $ 417,779 $ — $ 884,690 Franchise and equipment finance Pass $ 6,569 $ 32,656 $ 74,170 $ 44,698 $ 76,144 $ 80,302 $ 201 $ 314,740 Special mention — — — 2,279 — — — 2,279 Substandard — 14,959 3,019 1,003 23,574 16,547 — 59,102 Doubtful — — — — 4,226 — — 4,226 Total Franchise and equipment finance $ 6,569 $ 47,615 $ 77,189 $ 47,980 $ 103,944 $ 96,849 $ 201 $ 380,347 Mortgage warehouse lending Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 432,663 $ 432,663 Total Mortgage warehouse lending $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 432,663 $ 432,663 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of revolving loans converted to term loans was immaterial. The following table presents criticized and classified commercial loans in aggregate by risk rating category at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Special mention $ 262,387 $ 319,905 Substandard - accruing 894,754 711,266 Substandard - non-accruing 219,758 86,903 Doubtful 6,856 19,035 Total $ 1,383,755 $ 1,137,109 Credit quality indicators for residential loans Management considers delinquency status to be the most meaningful indicator of the credit quality of residential loans, other than government insured residential loans. Delinquency status is updated at least monthly. LTV and FICO scores are also important indicators of credit quality for 1-4 single family residential loans other than government insured loans. FICO scores are generally updated semi-annually, and were most recently updated in the third quarter of 2024. LTVs are typically at origination since we do not routinely update residential appraisals. Substantially all of the government insured residential loans are government insured Buyout Loans, which the Company buys out of GNMA securitizations upon default. For these loans, traditional measures of credit quality are not particularly relevant considering the guaranteed nature of the loans and the underlying business model. Factors that impact risk inherent in the residential portfolio segment include national and regional economic conditions such as levels of unemployment, wages and interest rates, as well as residential property values. 1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on delinquency status (in thousands): December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost By Origination Year Days Past Due 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Current $ 251,767 $ 304,595 $ 1,012,777 $ 2,744,941 $ 798,346 $ 1,340,402 $ 6,452,828 30 - 59 Days Past Due — 3,045 4,948 15,368 474 9,140 32,975 60 - 89 Days Past Due 156 — 1,445 4,007 — 547 6,155 90 Days or More Past Due — — 2,486 3,457 — 11,021 16,964 $ 251,923 $ 307,640 $ 1,021,656 $ 2,767,773 $ 798,820 $ 1,361,110 $ 6,508,922 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost By Origination Year Days Past Due 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Current $ 363,123 $ 1,117,039 $ 2,965,840 $ 854,376 $ 296,146 $ 1,255,688 $ 6,852,212 30 - 59 Days Past Due 2,200 1,785 7,201 5,745 — 14,527 31,458 60 - 89 Days Past Due — 2,116 1,465 — 143 2,728 6,452 90 Days or More Past Due — 5,872 — — 1,439 5,580 12,891 $ 365,323 $ 1,126,812 $ 2,974,506 $ 860,121 $ 297,728 $ 1,278,523 $ 6,903,013 1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on LTV (in thousands): December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost By Origination Year LTV 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Less than 61% $ 27,646 $ 51,565 $ 236,020 $ 1,124,532 $ 304,755 $ 425,814 $ 2,170,332 61% - 70% 33,033 42,636 263,959 759,931 203,423 307,052 1,610,034 71% - 80% 156,942 175,651 518,164 851,427 290,573 590,130 2,582,887 More than 80% 34,302 37,788 3,513 31,883 69 38,114 145,669 $ 251,923 $ 307,640 $ 1,021,656 $ 2,767,773 $ 798,820 $ 1,361,110 $ 6,508,922 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost By Origination Year LTV 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Less than 61% $ 63,117 $ 260,403 $ 1,211,101 $ 326,771 $ 72,219 $ 428,451 $ 2,362,062 61% - 70% 67,146 280,602 813,682 221,091 71,652 293,784 1,747,957 71% - 80% 235,060 583,724 915,166 312,188 148,483 519,699 2,714,320 More than 80% — 2,083 34,557 71 5,374 36,589 78,674 $ 365,323 $ 1,126,812 $ 2,974,506 $ 860,121 $ 297,728 $ 1,278,523 $ 6,903,013 1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on FICO score (in thousands): December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost By Origination Year FICO 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total 760 or greater $ 179,256 $ 215,486 $ 725,399 $ 2,202,004 $ 642,572 $ 952,136 $ 4,916,853 720 - 759 58,642 59,356 173,309 365,198 95,495 192,943 944,943 719 or less or not available 14,025 32,798 122,948 200,571 60,753 216,031 647,126 $ 251,923 $ 307,640 $ 1,021,656 $ 2,767,773 $ 798,820 $ 1,361,110 $ 6,508,922 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost By Origination Year FICO 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total 760 or greater $ 253,774 $ 810,150 $ 2,378,572 $ 696,363 $ 203,966 $ 893,290 $ 5,236,115 720 - 759 78,882 194,135 392,179 99,412 50,984 210,663 1,026,255 719 or less or not available 32,667 122,527 203,755 64,346 42,778 174,570 640,643 $ 365,323 $ 1,126,812 $ 2,974,506 $ 860,121 $ 297,728 $ 1,278,523 $ 6,903,013 Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans: The following table presents an aging of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Current 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Total Current 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or Total CRE $ 6,145,386 $ 35,000 $ — $ 33,806 $ 6,214,192 $ 5,779,309 $ 27,918 $ 1,947 $ 10,059 $ 5,819,233 C&I 8,911,057 16,137 25,645 30,387 8,983,226 8,851,585 16,228 5,536 34,375 8,907,724 Pinnacle - municipal finance 720,661 — — — 720,661 884,690 — — — 884,690 Franchise and equipment finance 213,477 — — — 213,477 380,347 — — — 380,347 Mortgage warehouse lending 585,610 — — — 585,610 432,663 — — — 432,663 1-4 single family residential 6,452,828 32,975 6,155 16,964 6,508,922 6,852,212 31,458 6,452 12,891 6,903,013 Government insured residential 691,111 108,287 46,681 225,813 1,071,892 835,282 131,652 61,942 277,138 1,306,014 $ 23,720,130 $ 192,399 $ 78,481 $ 306,970 $ 24,297,980 $ 24,016,088 $ 207,256 $ 75,877 $ 334,463 $ 24,633,684 Included in the table above is the guaranteed portion of SBA loans past due by 90 days or more totaling $32.8 million ($25.3 million of C&I and $7.5 million of CRE) and $39.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $227 million and $278 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, substantially all of which were government insured residential loans. These loans are Buyout Loans, which the Company buys out of GNMA securitizations upon default. The following table presents information about loans on non-accrual status at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Amortized Cost With No Related Allowance Amortized Cost Amortized Cost With No Related Allowance CRE $ 95,378 $ 65,004 $ 13,727 $ 1,947 C&I 125,226 41,929 68,533 14,078 Franchise and equipment finance 6,010 4,345 23,678 7,796 1-4 single family residential 23,500 — 20,513 — $ 250,114 $ 111,278 $ 126,451 $ 23,821 Included in the table above is the guaranteed portion of non-accrual SBA loans totaling $34.3 million and $41.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amount of interest income recognized on non-accrual loans was insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The amount of additional interest income that would have been recognized on non-accrual loans had they performed in accordance with their contractual terms was not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.. Collateral dependent loans: The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans at the dates indicated (in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Extent to Which Secured by Collateral Amortized Cost Extent to Which Secured by Collateral CRE $ 94,283 $ 91,050 $ 11,574 $ 11,574 C&I 87,565 78,150 36,401 25,821 Franchise and equipment finance 6,010 5,689 23,488 18,678 $ 187,858 $ 174,889 $ 71,463 $ 56,073 Collateral for the CRE loan class generally consists of commercial real estate, or for certain construction loans, residential real estate. Collateral for C&I loans generally consists of equipment, accounts receivable, inventory and other business assets and for owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, may also include commercial real estate. Franchise and equipment finance loans may be collateralized by franchise value or by equipment. Residential loans are collateralized by residential real estate. There were no significant changes to the extent to which collateral secured collateral dependent loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Foreclosure of residential real estate Loan Modifications The following tables summarize loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by type of modification, during the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Other than Insignificant Payment Delays Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Total CRE $ — — % $ 44,070 1 % $ — — % $ 40,200 1 % $ — — % $ 84,270 C&I — — % 120,705 1 % 12,407 — % 26,828 — % 689 — % 160,629 Franchise and equipment finance — — % 6,994 3 % — — % — — % — — % 6,994 1-4 single family residential 170 — % — — % — — % — — % — — % 170 Government insured residential 238 — % 25,104 2 % — — % 8,081 1 % — — % 33,423 $ 408 $ 196,873 $ 12,407 $ 75,109 $ 689 $ 285,486 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Other than Insignificant Payment Delays Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Amortized Cost % (1) Total C&I $ — — % $ 8,532 — % $ — — % $ — — % $ — — % $ 8,532 Franchise and equipment finance — — % 10,748 3 % — — % — — % — — % 10,748 1-4 single family residential 835 — % — — % — — % — — % — — % 835 Government insured residential 105 — % 62,402 5 % — — % 2,442 — % — — % 64,949 $ 940 $ 81,682 $ — $ 2,442 $ — $ 85,064 (1) Represents percentage of loans receivable in each category. The following tables summarize the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing difficulty, during the periods indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2024 Financial Effect Interest Rate Reduction: 1-4 single family residential Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 6.4% to 6.3%. Government insured residential Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 3.3% to 2.8% Term Extension: CRE Added a weighted average 1.8 years to the term of the modified loans. C&I Added a weighted average 1.4 years to the term of the modified loans. Franchise and equipment finance Added a weighted average 1.0 year to the term of the modified loans. Government insured residential Added a weighted average 10.6 years to the term of the modified loans. Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: C&I Provided 0.5 years of payment deferral. Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension: CRE Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.3% to 6.5% and added a weighted average 2.0 years to the term of the modified loans. C&I Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 9.0% to 6.5% and added a weighted average 2.5 years to the term of the modified loans. Government insured residential Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.2% to 6.5% and added a weighted average 5.3 years to the term of the modified loans. Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: C&I Added a weighted average 1.2 years to the term of the modified loans and provided 0.3 years of payment deferral. Year Ended December 31, 2023 Financial Effect Interest Rate Reduction: 1-4 single family residential Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 4.3% to 3.4%. Government insured residential Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 4.8% to 3.8%. Term Extension: C&I Added a weighted average 1.4 years to the term of the modified loans. Franchise and equipment finance Added a weighted average 2.1 years to the term of the modified loans. Government insured residential Added a weighted average 9.1 years to the term of the modified loans. Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension: Government insured residential Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 5.7% to 4.7% and added a weighted average 7.8 years to the term of the modified loans. The following tables present the aging at December 31, 2024 and 2023, of loans that were modified within the previous 12 months from the balance sheet date (in thousands): December 31, 2024 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total CRE $ 67,820 $ — $ — $ 16,450 $ 84,270 C&I 158,039 214 297 2,079 160,629 Franchise and equipment finance 6,994 — — — 6,994 1-4 single family residential 170 — — — 170 Government insured residential 11,659 5,082 4,843 11,839 33,423 $ 244,682 $ 5,296 $ 5,140 $ 30,368 $ 285,486 December 31, 2023 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total C&I $ 8,532 $ — $ — $ — $ 8,532 Franchise and equipment finance 10,748 — — — 10,748 1-4 single family residential 76 — — 759 835 Government insured residential 24,091 12,335 7,677 20,846 64,949 $ 43,447 $ 12,335 $ 7,677 $ 21,605 $ 85,064 The following tables summarize loans that were modified within the previous 12 months and defaulted during the periods indicated (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2024 Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays Total CRE $ — $ 16,450 $ — $ — $ 16,450 C&I — 1,390 — 689 2,079 Government insured residential — 13,835 4,743 — 18,578 $ — $ 31,675 $ 4,743 $ 689 $ 37,107 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays Total 1-4 single family residential $ 759 $ — $ — $ — $ 759 Government insured residential 105 32,994 960 — 34,059 $ 864 $ 32,994 $ 960 $ — $ 34,818 The following table presents the largest geographic concentrations of commercial loans at the dates indicated. Commercial real estate loans are categorized based on the location of the underlying collateral, while all other commercial loans are generally categorized based on the location of the borrowers' businesses (dollars in thousands). Loans outside of Florida and the New York tri-state area evidence no material geographic concentation. December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial Real Estate Percent of Total All Other Commercial Percent of Total Commercial Real Estate Percent of Total All Other Commercial Percent of Total Florida $ 3,360,524 54.0 % $ 3,095,579 29.5 % $ 3,381,394 58.1 % $ 3,321,102 31.3 % New York Tri-state 1,564,104 25.2 % 3,194,833 30.4 % 1,430,728 24.6 % 2,901,958 27.4 % Other 1,289,564 20.8 % 4,212,562 40.1 % 1,007,111 17.3 % 4,382,364 41.3 % $ 6,214,192 100.0 % $ 10,502,974 100.0 % $ 5,819,233 100.0 % $ 10,605,424 100.0 % The following table presents the five states with the largest geographic concentrations of 1-4 single family residential loans, excluding government insured residential loans, at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Percent of Total Amortized Cost Percent of Total California $ 1,960,873 30.1 % $ 2,171,802 31.5 % New York 1,282,197 19.7 % 1,344,205 19.5 % Florida 473,556 7.3 % 501,744 7.3 % Illinois 327,698 5.0 % 358,512 5.2 % Virginia 308,784 4.7 % 312,384 4.5 % Others 2,155,814 33.2 % 2,214,366 32.0 % $ 6,508,922 100.0 % $ 6,903,013 100.0 % Disclosures Prescribed by Legacy GAAP (Before Adoption of ASU 2016-13) for Prior Periods The following table summarizes loans that were modified in TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as loans modified during the 12 months preceding December 31, 2022, that experienced payment defaults (dollars in thousands): Loans Modified in TDRs TDRs Experiencing Payment Number of Amortized Cost Number of Amortized Cost C&I 21 $ 39,052 4 $ 3,703 Franchise and equipment finance 4 6,329 4 6,329 1-4 single family residential 10 5,359 — — Government insured residential 2,589 405,096 1,190 187,708 2,624 $ 455,836 1,198 $ 197,740 TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2022 generally included interest rate reductions and extensions of maturity. Included in TDRs were residential loans to borrowers who had not reaffirmed their debt discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The total amount of such loans was not material. |