Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses The following table sets forth a summary of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : (In thousands) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real estate loans: Residential $ 159,193 $ 178,079 Commercial 1,096,856 1,094,066 Construction 89,878 73,191 1,345,927 1,345,336 Commercial business 218,145 258,978 Consumer 260 412 Total loans 1,564,332 1,604,726 Allowance for loan losses (13,212 ) (15,462 ) Deferred loan origination fees, net (2,135 ) (2,497 ) Unamortized loan premiums 3 8 Loans receivable, net $ 1,548,988 $ 1,586,775 Lending activities are conducted principally in the New York metropolitan area and throughout Connecticut, with the majority in Fairfield and New Haven Counties of Connecticut, and consist of commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans and, to a lesser degree, a variety of consumer loans. Loans may also be granted for the construction of commercial properties. The majority of commercial mortgage loans are collateralized by first or second mortgages on real estate. Risk management The Company has established credit policies applicable to each type of lending activity in which it engages. The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of each customer and extends credit of up to 80% of the market value of the collateral, depending on the borrower's creditworthiness and the type of collateral. The borrower’s ability to service the debt is monitored on an ongoing basis. Real estate is the primary form of collateral. Other important forms of collateral are business assets, time deposits and marketable securities. While collateral provides assurance as a secondary source of repayment, the Company ordinarily requires the primary source of repayment for commercial loans to be based on the borrower’s ability to generate continuing cash flows. In the fourth quarter of 2017, management made the strategic decision to cease the origination of residential mortgage loans. At the beginning of the third quarter 2019, the Company no longer offered home equity loans or lines of credit. The Company’s policy for residential lending generally required that the amount of the loan may not exceed 80% of the original appraised value of the property. In certain situations, the amount may have exceeded 80% LTV either with private mortgage insurance being required for that portion of the residential loan in excess of 80% of the appraised value of the property or where secondary financing is provided by a housing authority program second mortgage, a community’s low/moderate income housing program, or a religious or civic organization. Credit quality of loans and the allowance for loan losses Management segregates the loan portfolio into defined segments, which are used to develop and document a systematic method for determining the Company's allowance for loan losses. The portfolio segments are segregated based on loan types and the underlying risk factors present in each loan type. Such risk factors are periodically reviewed by management and revised as deemed appropriate. The Company's loan portfolio is segregated into the following portfolio segments: Residential Real Estate: This portfolio segment consists of first mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family owner occupied residential properties for personal use located in the Company's market area. This segment also includes home equity loans and home equity lines of credit secured by owner occupied one-to-four family residential properties. Loans of this type were written at a combined maximum of 80% of the appraised value of the property and the Company requires a first or second lien position on the property. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the values of the underlying properties. Commercial Real Estate: This portfolio segment includes loans secured by commercial real estate, multi-family dwellings and investor-owned one-to-four family dwellings. Loans secured by commercial real estate generally have larger loan balances and more credit risk than owner occupied one-to-four family mortgage loans. Construction: This portfolio segment includes commercial construction loans for commercial development projects, including condominiums, apartment buildings, and single family subdivisions as well as office buildings, retail and other income producing properties and land loans, which are loans made with land as collateral. Construction and land development financing generally involves greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied or leased real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost proves to be inaccurate, the Company may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property. Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project proves to be inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment through sale or refinance. Construction loans also expose the Company to the risks that improvements will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs and that repayment will depend on the successful operation or sale of the properties, which may cause some borrowers to be unable to continue paying debt service, which exposes the Company to greater risk of non-payment and loss. Commercial Business: This portfolio segment includes commercial business loans secured by assignments of corporate assets and personal guarantees of the business owners. Commercial business loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than other loans, but they also have increased difficulty of loan monitoring and a higher risk of default since their repayment generally depends on the successful operation of the borrower’s business. Consumer: This portfolio segment includes loans secured by savings or certificate accounts, automobiles, as well as unsecured personal loans and overdraft lines of credit. This type of loan entails greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of loans that are unsecured or secured by assets that depreciate rapidly. Allowance for loan losses The following tables set forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , by portfolio segment: Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Beginning balance $ 923 $ 9,910 $ 259 $ 2,797 $ 1 $ 13,890 Charge-offs (78 ) (594 ) — (748 ) (57 ) (1,477 ) Recoveries — — — 2 24 26 (Credit) Provisions (54 ) 778 2 14 33 773 Ending balance $ 791 $ 10,094 $ 261 $ 2,065 $ 1 $ 13,212 Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Beginning balance $ 750 $ 14,185 $ 481 $ 3,589 $ 1 $ 19,006 Charge-offs (16 ) — — — (2 ) (18 ) Recoveries — — — — 1 1 Provisions (Credits) 349 (114 ) (122 ) 208 1 322 Ending balance $ 1,083 $ 14,071 $ 359 $ 3,797 $ 1 $ 19,311 Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Beginning balance $ 857 $ 11,562 $ 140 $ 2,902 $ 1 $ 15,462 Charge-offs (875 ) (594 ) — (884 ) (70 ) (2,423 ) Recoveries — — — 18 28 46 Provisions (Credit) 809 (874 ) 121 29 42 127 Ending balance $ 791 $ 10,094 $ 261 $ 2,065 $ 1 $ 13,212 Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Beginning balance $ 1,721 $ 12,777 $ 907 $ 3,498 $ 1 $ 18,904 Charge-offs (72 ) (18 ) — (96 ) (62 ) (248 ) Recoveries — — — 4 6 10 (Credits) Provisions (566 ) 1,312 (548 ) 391 56 645 Ending balance $ 1,083 $ 14,071 $ 359 $ 3,797 $ 1 $ 19,311 Loans evaluated for impairment and the related allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: Portfolio Allowance (In thousands) September 30, 2019 Loans individually evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate $ 4,056 $ — Commercial real estate 6,062 109 Commercial business 3,542 144 Subtotal 13,660 253 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate 155,137 791 Commercial real estate 1,090,794 9,985 Construction 89,878 261 Commercial business 214,603 1,921 Consumer 260 1 Subtotal 1,550,672 12,959 Total $ 1,564,332 $ 13,212 Portfolio Allowance (In thousands) December 31, 2018 Loans individually evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate $ 6,534 $ 233 Commercial real estate 6,383 — Commercial business 6,155 133 Consumer 3 — Subtotal 19,075 366 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate 171,545 624 Commercial real estate 1,087,683 11,562 Construction 73,191 140 Commercial business 252,823 2,769 Consumer 409 1 Subtotal 1,585,651 15,096 Total $ 1,604,726 $ 15,462 Credit quality indicators To measure credit risk for the loan portfolios, the Company employs a credit risk rating system. This risk rating represents an assessed level of a loan’s risk based on the character and creditworthiness of the borrower/guarantor, the capacity of the borrower to adequately service the debt, any credit enhancements or additional sources of repayment, and the quality, value and coverage of the collateral, if any. The objectives of the Company’s risk rating system are to provide the Board of Directors and senior management with an objective assessment of the overall quality of the loan portfolio, to promptly and accurately identify loans with well-defined credit weaknesses so that timely action can be taken to minimize a potential credit loss, to identify relevant trends affecting the collectability of the loan portfolio, to isolate potential problem areas and to provide essential information for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The Company’s credit risk rating system has nine grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of default. Risk ratings of (1) through (5) are "pass" categories and risk ratings of (6) through (9) are criticized asset categories as defined by the regulatory agencies. A “special mention” (6) credit has a potential weakness which, if uncorrected, may result in a deterioration of the repayment prospects or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some time in the future. “Substandard” (7) loans are credits that have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. An asset rated “doubtful” (8) has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset and which, in addition, make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable when considering existing facts, conditions, and values. Loans classified as “loss” (9) are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value; rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing-off this asset even though partial recovery may be made in the future. Risk ratings are assigned as necessary to differentiate risk within the portfolio. They are reviewed on an ongoing basis through the annual loan review process performed by Company personnel, normal renewal activity and the quarterly watchlist and watched asset report process. They are revised to reflect changes in the borrower's financial condition and outlook, debt service coverage capability, repayment performance, collateral value and coverage, as well as other considerations. In addition to internal review at multiple points, outsourced loan review opines on risk ratings with regard to the sample of loans their review covers. The following tables present credit risk ratings by loan segment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : Commercial Credit Quality Indicators September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Total Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Total (In thousands) Pass $ 1,072,187 $ 89,878 $ 189,416 $ 1,351,481 $ 1,084,695 $ 73,191 $ 237,933 $ 1,395,819 Special Mention 18,607 — 25,187 43,794 2,988 — 14,890 17,878 Substandard 6,062 — 918 6,980 2,516 — 2,592 5,108 Doubtful — — 2,624 2,624 3,867 — 3,563 7,430 Loss — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 1,096,856 $ 89,878 $ 218,145 $ 1,404,879 $ 1,094,066 $ 73,191 $ 258,978 $ 1,426,235 Residential and Consumer Credit Quality Indicators September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Residential Real Estate Consumer Total Residential Real Estate Consumer Total (In thousands) Pass $ 155,007 $ 260 $ 155,267 $ 171,415 $ 409 $ 171,824 Special Mention 130 — 130 130 — 130 Substandard 3,868 — 3,868 6,534 3 6,537 Doubtful 188 — 188 — — — Loss — — — — — — Total loans $ 159,193 $ 260 $ 159,453 $ 178,079 $ 412 $ 178,491 Loan portfolio aging analysis When a loan is 15 days past due, the Company sends the borrower a late notice. The Company also attempts to contact the borrower by phone if the delinquency is not corrected promptly after the notice has been sent. When the loan is 30 days past due, the Company mails the borrower a letter reminding the borrower of the delinquency, and attempts to contact the borrower personally to determine the reason for the delinquency and ensure the borrower understands the terms of the loan. If necessary, on the subsequent 90th day of delinquency, the Company may take other appropriate legal action. A summary report of all loans 30 days or more past due is provided to the Board of Directors of the Company periodically. Loans greater than 90 days past due are generally put on nonaccrual status. A nonaccrual loan is restored to accrual status when it is no longer delinquent and collectability of interest and principal is no longer in doubt. A loan is considered to be no longer delinquent when timely payments are made for a period of at least six months (one year for loans providing for quarterly or semi-annual payments) by the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms. The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the Company's loan portfolio delinquencies by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : September 30, 2019 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans (In thousands) Real estate loans: Residential real estate $ 1,070 $ 150 $ 281 $ 1,501 $ 157,692 $ 159,193 Commercial real estate 494 8,530 2,152 11,176 1,085,680 1,096,856 Construction 1,358 — — 1,358 88,520 89,878 Commercial business 158 373 2,601 3,132 215,013 218,145 Consumer — — — — 260 260 Total loans $ 3,080 $ 9,053 $ 5,034 $ 17,167 $ 1,547,165 $ 1,564,332 December 31, 2018 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans (In thousands) Real estate loans: Residential real estate $ 994 $ — $ 2,203 $ 3,197 $ 174,882 $ 178,079 Commercial real estate 668 133 4,386 5,187 1,088,879 1,094,066 Construction — — — — 73,191 73,191 Commercial business — 1 4,076 4,077 254,901 258,978 Consumer — — — — 412 412 Total loans $ 1,662 $ 134 $ 10,665 $ 12,461 $ 1,592,265 $ 1,604,726 There were no loans delinquent greater than 90 days and still accruing interest as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Loans on nonaccrual status The following is a summary of nonaccrual loans by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 1,583 $ 3,812 Commercial real estate 5,332 5,950 Commercial business 2,963 4,320 Total $ 9,878 $ 14,082 Interest income on loans that would have been recognized if loans on nonaccrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.5 million and $0.6 million , respectively. There was $44 thousand of interest income recognized on these loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $90 thousand of interest income was recognized on these loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , there were no commitments to lend additional funds to any borrower on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans with no specific reserve totaled $7.0 million and $11.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Impaired loans An impaired loan is generally one for which it is probable, based on current information, that the Company will not collect all the amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans are individually evaluated for impairment. When the Company classifies a problem loan as impaired, it evaluates whether a specific valuation allowance is required for that portion of the asset that is estimated to be impaired. The following table summarizes impaired loans by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Associated Allowance September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 4,056 $ 4,520 $ 4,169 $ 4,613 $ — $ — Commercial real estate 5,308 6,383 5,562 12,191 — — Commercial business 1,228 5,212 1,812 6,051 — — Consumer — 3 — 3 — — Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance 10,592 16,118 11,543 22,858 — — Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ — $ 2,014 $ — $ 2,054 $ — $ 233 Commercial real estate 754 — 763 — 109 — Commercial business 2,314 943 2,926 945 144 133 Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance 3,068 2,957 3,689 2,999 253 366 Total impaired loans $ 13,660 $ 19,075 $ 15,232 $ 25,857 $ 253 $ 366 The following table summarizes the average carrying amount of impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 : Average Carrying Amount Interest Income Recognized Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 4,076 $ 4,932 $ 31 $ 24 Commercial real estate 5,357 9,530 39 79 Commercial business 1,253 1,961 7 77 Consumer — 4 — — Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance 10,686 16,427 77 180 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ — $ 2,237 $ — $ — Commercial real estate 766 11,033 3 16 Commercial business 2,323 4,536 1 3 Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance 3,089 17,806 4 19 Total impaired loans $ 13,775 $ 34,233 $ 81 $ 199 Average Carrying Amount Interest Income Recognized Nine Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 4,112 $ 5,101 $ 92 $ 87 Commercial real estate 4,701 9,638 155 159 Commercial business 1,368 2,028 19 231 Consumer — 4 — — Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance 10,181 16,771 266 477 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ — $ 2,250 $ — $ 14 Commercial real estate 778 11,047 5 69 Commercial business 2,738 3,283 8 27 Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance 3,516 16,580 13 110 Total impaired loans $ 13,697 $ 33,351 $ 279 $ 587 Troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") Modifications to a loan are considered to be a troubled debt restructuring when both of the following conditions are met: 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and 2) the modification constitutes a concession that is not in line with market rates and/or terms. Modified terms are dependent upon the financial position and needs of the individual borrower. Troubled debt restructurings are classified as impaired loans. If a performing loan is restructured into a TDR, it remains in performing status. If a nonperforming loan is restructured into a TDR, it continues to be carried in nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual classification may be removed if the borrower demonstrates compliance with the modified terms for a minimum of six months. Loans classified as TDRs totaled $4.4 million at September 30, 2019 and $7.2 million at December 31, 2018 . The following table provides information on loans that were modified as TDRs during the periods indicated. Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Post-Modification (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 Three Months Ended September 30, Commercial real estate — 1 $ — $ 608 $ — — $ 608 Total — 1 $ — $ 608 $ — $ 608 Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Post-Modification (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, Residential real estate 1 2 $ 34 $ 2,826 $ 34 $ 2,822 Commercial business 2 1 465 37 465 29 Commercial real estate — 1 — 608 — — 608 Total 3 4 $ 499 $ 3,471 $ 499 $ 3,459 At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , there were two nonaccrual loans identified as TDRs totaling $1.3 million and six nonaccrual loans identified as TDRs totaling $3.6 million , respectively. The following table provides information on how loans were modified as TDRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 : Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Payment concession $ — $ — $ — $ 2,101 Maturity concession — — 125 — Maturity and payment concession — — — 750 Maturity and rate concession — 608 — 608 Rate and payment concession — — 374 — Total $ — $ 608 $ 499 $ 3,459 There were two loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring that re-defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 . The total recorded investment in these loans was $1.3 million at September 30, 2019 . There was one loan modified in a troubled debt restructuring that re-defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . The total recorded investment in this loan was $2.0 million at September 30, 2018 . |