Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses The following table sets forth a summary of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (In thousands) March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Real estate loans: Residential $ 68,617 $ 79,987 Commercial 1,425,758 1,356,709 Construction 115,514 98,341 1,609,889 1,535,037 Commercial business (1) 370,166 350,975 Consumer 5,275 8,869 Total loans 1,985,330 1,894,881 Allowance for loan losses (17,141) (16,902) Deferred loan origination fees, net (3,622) (2,812) Loans receivable, net $ 1,964,567 $ 1,875,167 (1) The March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 balances include $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans made under the CARES Act. Lending activities consist of commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans and, to a lesser degree, a variety of consumer loans. Loans may also be granted for the construction of commercial properties. The majority of commercial mortgage loans are collateralized by first or second mortgages on real estate. Risk management The Company has established credit policies applicable to each type of lending activity in which it engages. The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of each customer and extends credit of up to 80% of the market value of the collateral, depending on the borrower's creditworthiness and the type of collateral. The borrower’s ability to service the debt is monitored on an ongoing basis. Real estate is the primary form of collateral. Other important forms of collateral are business assets, time deposits and marketable securities. While collateral provides assurance as a secondary source of repayment, the Company ordinarily requires the primary source of repayment for commercial loans to be based on the borrower’s ability to generate continuing cash flows. In the fourth quarter of 2017, management made the strategic decision to cease the origination of residential mortgage loans. At the beginning of the third quarter 2019, the Company no longer offered home equity loans or lines of credit. The Company’s policy for residential lending generally required that the amount of the loan may not exceed 80% of the original appraised value of the property. In certain situations, the amount may have exceeded 80% LTV either with private mortgage insurance being required for that portion of the residential loan in excess of 80% of the appraised value of the property or where secondary financing is provided by a housing authority program second mortgage, a community’s low/moderate income housing program, or a religious or civic organization. Credit quality of loans and the allowance for loan losses Management segregates the loan portfolio into defined segments, which are used to develop and document a systematic method for determining the Company's allowance for loan losses. The portfolio segments are segregated based on loan types and the underlying risk factors present in each loan type. Such risk factors are periodically reviewed by management and revised as deemed appropriate. The Company's loan portfolio is segregated into the following portfolio segments: Residential Real Estate: This portfolio segment consists of first mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family owner occupied residential properties for personal use located in the Company's market area. This segment also includes home equity loans and home equity lines of credit secured by owner occupied one-to-four family residential properties. Loans of this type were written at a combined maximum of 80% of the appraised value of the property and the Company requires a first or second lien position on the property. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the values of the underlying properties. Commercial Real Estate: This portfolio segment includes loans secured by commercial real estate, multi-family dwellings, owner-occupied commercial real estate and investor-owned one-to-four family dwellings. Loans secured by commercial real estate generally have larger loan balances and more credit risk than owner occupied one-to-four family mortgage loans. Construction: This portfolio segment includes commercial construction loans for commercial development projects, including apartment buildings and condominiums, as well as office buildings, retail and other income producing properties and land loans, which are loans made with land as collateral. Construction and land development financing generally involves greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied or leased real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost proves to be inaccurate, the Company may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property. Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project proves to be inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment through sale or refinance. Construction loans also expose the Company to the risks that improvements will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs and that repayment will depend on the successful operation or sale of the properties, which may cause some borrowers to be unable to continue paying debt service, which exposes the Company to greater risk of non-payment and loss. Commercial Business: This portfolio segment includes commercial business loans secured by assignments of corporate assets and personal guarantees of the business owners. Commercial business loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than other loans, but they also have increased difficulty of loan monitoring and a higher risk of default since their repayment generally depends on the successful operation of the borrower’s business. This segment also includes Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans made under the CARES Act to small businesses impacted by COVID-19, to cover payroll and other operating expenses. Loans extended under the PPP are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"). Consumer: This portfolio segment includes loans secured by savings or certificate accounts, automobiles, as well as unsecured personal loans and overdraft lines of credit. In addition, there are loans to finance insurance premiums, secured by the cash surrender value of life insurance and marketable securities. Allowance for loan losses The following tables set forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, by portfolio segment: Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Beginning balance $ 504 $ 12,751 $ 4 $ 3,590 $ 53 $ 16,902 Charge-offs — — — — (4) (4) Recoveries — — — 13 1 14 (Credits) provisions (146) 690 52 (349) (18) 229 Ending balance $ 358 $ 13,441 $ 56 $ 3,254 $ 32 $ 17,141 Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Consumer Total (In thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Beginning balance $ 610 $ 16,425 $ 221 $ 3,753 $ — $ 21,009 Charge-offs — (163) — — (14) (177) Recoveries — — — — 9 9 (Credits) provisions (109) (3) 76 (301) 41 (296) Ending balance $ 501 $ 16,259 $ 297 $ 3,452 $ 36 $ 20,545 Loans evaluated for impairment and the related allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: Portfolio Allowance (In thousands) March 31, 2022 Loans individually evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate $ 3,918 $ 211 Commercial real estate 29,609 2,497 Construction 9,382 — Commercial business 3,022 74 Subtotal 45,931 2,782 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate 64,699 147 Commercial real estate 1,396,149 10,944 Construction 106,132 56 Commercial business 367,144 3,180 Consumer 5,275 32 Subtotal 1,939,399 14,359 Total $ 1,985,330 $ 17,141 Portfolio Allowance (In thousands) December 31, 2021 Loans individually evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate $ 4,150 $ 261 Commercial real estate 29,666 2,520 Construction 8,997 — Commercial business 4,368 87 Subtotal 47,181 2,868 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment: Residential real estate 75,837 243 Commercial real estate 1,327,043 10,231 Construction 89,344 4 Commercial business 346,607 3,503 Consumer 8,869 53 Subtotal 1,847,700 14,034 Total $ 1,894,881 $ 16,902 Credit quality indicators To measure credit risk for the loan portfolios, the Company employs a credit risk rating system. This risk rating represents an assessed level of a loan’s risk based on the character and creditworthiness of the borrower/guarantor, the capacity of the borrower to adequately service the debt, any credit enhancements or additional sources of repayment, and the quality, value and coverage of the collateral, if any. The objectives of the Company’s risk rating system are to provide the Board of Directors and senior management with an objective assessment of the overall quality of the loan portfolio, to promptly and accurately identify loans with well-defined credit weaknesses so that timely action can be taken to minimize a potential credit loss, to identify relevant trends affecting the collectability of the loan portfolio, to isolate potential problem areas and to provide essential information for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The Company’s credit risk rating system has nine grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of default. Risk ratings of (1) through (5) are "pass" categories and risk ratings of (6) through (9) are criticized asset categories as defined by the regulatory agencies. A “special mention” (6) credit has a potential weakness which, if uncorrected, may result in a deterioration of the repayment prospects or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some time in the future. “Substandard” (7) loans are credits that have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. An asset rated “doubtful” (8) has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset and which, in addition, make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable when considering existing facts, conditions, and values. Loans classified as “loss” (9) are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value; rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing-off this asset even though partial recovery may be made in the future. Risk ratings are assigned as necessary to differentiate risk within the portfolio. They are reviewed on an ongoing basis through the annual loan review process performed by Company personnel, normal renewal activity and the quarterly watchlist and watched asset report process. They are revised to reflect changes in the borrower's financial condition and outlook, debt service coverage capability, repayment performance, collateral value and coverage, as well as other considerations. In addition to internal review at multiple points, outsourced loan review opines on risk ratings with regard to the sample of loans their review covers. The following tables present credit risk ratings by loan segment as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: Commercial Credit Quality Indicators March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Total Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial Business Total (In thousands) Pass $ 1,376,769 $ 106,132 $ 365,690 $ 1,848,591 $ 1,307,992 $ 89,344 $ 345,153 $ 1,742,489 Special Mention 19,380 — 1,454 20,834 19,051 — 1,454 20,505 Substandard 29,204 9,382 2,391 40,977 29,255 8,997 2,847 41,099 Doubtful 405 — 631 1,036 411 — 1,521 1,932 Loss — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 1,425,758 $ 115,514 $ 370,166 $ 1,911,438 $ 1,356,709 $ 98,341 $ 350,975 $ 1,806,025 Residential and Consumer Credit Quality Indicators March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Residential Real Estate Consumer Total Residential Real Estate Consumer Total (In thousands) Pass $ 64,554 $ 5,275 $ 69,829 $ 75,692 $ 8,869 $ 84,561 Special Mention 145 — 145 145 — 145 Substandard 3,918 — 3,918 3,975 — 3,975 Doubtful — — — 175 — 175 Loss — — — — — — Total loans $ 68,617 $ 5,275 $ 73,892 $ 79,987 $ 8,869 $ 88,856 Loan portfolio aging analysis When a loan is 15 days past due, the Company sends the borrower a late notice. The Company attempts to contact the borrower by phone if the delinquency is not corrected promptly after the notice has been sent. When the loan is 30 days past due, the Company mails the borrower a letter reminding the borrower of the delinquency, and attempts to contact the borrower personally to determine the reason for the delinquency and ensure the borrower understands the terms of the loan. If necessary, after the 90th day of delinquency, the Company may take other appropriate legal action. A summary report of all loans 30 days or more past due is provided to the Board of Directors of the Company periodically. Loans greater than 90 days past due are generally put on nonaccrual status. A nonaccrual loan is restored to accrual status when it is no longer delinquent and collectability of interest and principal is no longer in doubt. A loan is considered to be no longer delinquent when timely payments are made for a period of at least six months (one year for loans providing for quarterly or semi-annual payments) by the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms. Loans that are granted payment deferrals under the CARES Act are not required to be reported as past due or placed on non-accrual status if the criteria under section 4013 of the CARES Act is met. As of March 31, 2022, no loans remained on active deferral under the CARES Act. The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the Company's loan portfolio delinquencies by portfolio segment as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: March 31, 2022 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans (In thousands) Real estate loans: Residential real estate $ 1 $ — $ 834 $ 835 $ 67,782 $ 68,617 Commercial real estate — — 3,368 3,368 1,422,390 1,425,758 Construction — — 9,382 9,382 106,132 115,514 Commercial business 2,627 — 567 3,194 366,972 370,166 Consumer 3 — — 3 5,272 5,275 Total loans $ 2,631 $ — $ 14,151 $ 16,782 $ 1,968,548 $ 1,985,330 December 31, 2021 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans (In thousands) Real estate loans: Residential real estate $ 873 $ — $ 878 $ 1,751 $ 78,236 $ 79,987 Commercial real estate 2,186 10,500 4,244 16,930 1,339,779 1,356,709 Construction — — 8,997 8,997 89,344 98,341 Commercial business 1,995 1,483 1,469 4,947 346,028 350,975 Consumer — 3 — 3 8,866 8,869 Total loans $ 5,054 $ 11,986 $ 15,588 $ 32,628 $ 1,862,253 $ 1,894,881 There was one loan, totaling $0.3 million, delinquent greater than 90 days and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2022. The delinquency for this particular loan was a result of a closing delay. There were two loans, totaling $1.1 million, delinquent greater than 90 days and still accruing interest as of December 31, 2021. The delinquencies for these particular loans was a result of an administrative delay. Loans on nonaccrual status The following is a summary of nonaccrual loans by portfolio segment as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (In thousands) Residential real estate $ 2,181 $ 2,380 Commercial real estate 3,365 3,482 Commercial business 817 1,728 Construction 9,382 8,997 Total $ 15,745 $ 16,587 Interest income on loans that would have been recognized if loans on nonaccrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. There was no interest income recognized on these loans for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to any borrower on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans with no specific reserve totaled $13.4 million and $14.2 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as these loans were deemed to be adequately collateralized. Impaired loans An impaired loan is generally one for which it is probable, based on current information, that the Company will not collect all the amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans are individually evaluated for impairment. When the Company classifies a problem loan as impaired, it evaluates whether a specific valuation allowance is required for that portion of the asset that is estimated to be impaired. The following table summarizes impaired loans by portfolio segment as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Associated Allowance March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 1,640 $ 1,851 $ 1,814 $ 2,038 $ — $ — Commercial real estate 8,254 8,338 8,625 8,698 — — Construction 9,382 8,997 9,382 8,997 — — Commercial business 1,021 1,938 1,376 2,582 — — Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance 20,297 21,124 21,197 22,315 — — Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 2,278 $ 2,299 $ 2,288 $ 2,304 $ 211 $ 261 Commercial real estate 21,355 21,328 21,394 21,367 2,497 2,520 Commercial business 2,001 2,430 2,001 2,429 74 87 Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance 25,634 26,057 25,683 26,100 2,782 2,868 Total impaired loans $ 45,931 $ 47,181 $ 46,880 $ 48,415 $ 2,782 $ 2,868 The following tables summarize the average carrying amount of impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Average Carrying Amount Interest Income Recognized Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 1,647 $ 4,317 $ — $ 21 Commercial real estate 8,297 8,049 70 35 Commercial business 1,039 1,812 5 4 Construction 9,093 8,997 — — Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance 20,076 23,175 75 60 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 2,289 $ — $ 12 $ — Commercial real estate 21,348 30,107 92 498 Commercial business 2,244 3,038 14 59 Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance 25,881 33,145 118 557 Total impaired loans $ 45,957 $ 56,320 $ 193 $ 617 Troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") Modifications to a loan are considered to be a troubled debt restructuring when both of the following conditions are met: 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and 2) the modification constitutes a concession that is not in line with market rates and/or terms. Modified terms are dependent upon the financial position and needs of the individual borrower. Troubled debt restructurings are classified as impaired loans. If a performing loan is restructured into a TDR, it remains in performing status. If a nonperforming loan is restructured into a TDR, it continues to be carried in nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual classification may be removed if the borrower demonstrates compliance with the modified terms for a minimum of six months. Loans classified as TDRs totaled $25.3 million at March 31, 2022 and $25.8 million at December 31, 2021. The following tables provide information on loans that were modified as TDRs during the periods indicated. There were no loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Number of Loans Pre-Modification Post-Modification (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Three Months Ended March 31, Residential real estate — 1 $ — $ 631 $ — $ 631 Total — 1 $ — $ 631 $ — $ 631 At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were five nonaccrual loans identified as TDRs totaling $1.9 million and five nonaccrual loans identified as TDRs totaling $2.0 million, respectively. There were no loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring that re-defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021. The following table provides information on how loans were modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021. Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 (In thousands) Payment concession $ — $ 631 Total $ — $ 631 |