Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). Our Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of SharpSpring, Inc. and our subsidiaries (the “Company”). Our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the elimination of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating Segments The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is the Company’s chief executive officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s CODM evaluates the Company’s financial information and resources and assess the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. The Company does not present geographical information about revenues because it is impractical to do so. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents are short-term, liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less when acquired. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited or managed by major financial institutions and at most times are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limits. Fair Value of Financial Instruments U.S. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy which has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs to determine the fair value. These levels include: Level 1, defined as inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for use when little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits, embedded derivatives (associated with our convertible notes) and accounts payable. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with our convertible notes is calculated using Level 3 unobservable inputs, utilizing a probability-weighted expected value model to determine the liability. The fair value of the embedded derivatives at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was a liability balance of $214,350 and zero, respectively. The change in fair value for the year ended December 31, 2018 was a loss of $400,220. Accounts Receivable In cases where our customers pay for services in arrears, we accrue for revenue in advance of billings as long as the criteria for revenue recognition is met, thus creating a contract asset. A portion of our accounts receivable balance is therefore unbilled at each balance sheet date. Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the probability of future collection. Management reviews accounts receivable on a periodic basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. The Company reserves for receivables that are determined to be uncollectible, if any, in its allowance for doubtful accounts. After the Company has exhausted all collection efforts, the outstanding receivable is written off against the allowance. The following table presents the balances of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: December 31, December 31, 2018 2017 Accounts receivable $ 208,037 $ 611,293 Unbilled receivables 740,425 554,603 Gross receivables $ 948,462 $ 1,165,896 Allowance for doubtful accounts (127,516 ) (525,937 ) Accounts receivable and unbilled receivables, net $ 820,946 $ 639,959 During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company wrote off approximately $494,000 of accounts receivable against the allowance for doubtful accounts, with zero net loss recognized in the period for this amount as the accounts were fully reserved. Allowance for doubtful accounts increased by approximately $58,000 due to bad debt and changes in revenue reserves. The remaining change in allowance for doubtful accounts is due to fluctuations in foreign currency rates. No amounts were written off during the year ended December 31, 2017. Intangibles Finite-lived intangible assets include trade names, developed technologies and customer relationships and are amortized based on the estimated economic benefit over their estimated useful lives, with original periods ranging from 5 to 11 years. We continually evaluate the reasonableness of the useful lives of these assets. Finite-lived intangibles are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are measured as the amount by which the carrying value of an asset group exceeds its fair value and are recognized in operating results. Judgment is used when applying these impairment rules to determine the timing of the impairment test, the undiscounted cash flows used to assess impairments and the fair value of an asset group. The dynamic economic environment in which the Company operates, and the resulting assumptions used to estimate future cash flows impact the outcome of these impairment tests. Goodwill and Impairment As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had recorded goodwill of $8,866,413 and $8,872,898, respectively. Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired in the SharpSpring and GraphicMail acquisitions (See Note 3). Under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” Debt Issuance Costs We incurred certain third-party costs in connection with the issuance of the 5% Convertible Notes maturing March 27, 2023 (the “Notes”), as more fully described in Note 4: Convertible Notes, principally related to legal and financial advisory fees. These costs are included as a direct reduction to the carrying value of the debt as part of the Notes on our consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense ratably over the five-year term of the Notes. Estimated amortization expense of debt issuance costs for subsequent years is as follows: 2019 26,585 2020 27,885 2021 29,247 2022 30,677 2023 7,759 Total $ 122,153 Income Taxes Provision for income taxes are based on taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred taxes on temporary differences between the amount of taxable income and pretax financial income and between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled as prescribed in FASB ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company applies the authoritative guidance in accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the consolidated financial statements. This guidance prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. There are no material uncertain tax positions taken by the Company on its tax returns. Tax years subsequent to 2014 remain open to examination by U.S. federal and state tax jurisdictions. In determining the provision for income taxes, the Company uses statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to the Company in the jurisdictions in which it operates. This includes recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns to the extent pervasive evidence exists that they will be realized in future periods. The deferred tax balances are adjusted to reflect tax rates by tax jurisdiction, based on currently enacted tax laws, which are expected to be in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. In accordance with the Company’s income tax policy, significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the period in which they occur. The Company is subject to routine examination by domestic and foreign tax authorities and frequently faces challenges regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges include positions taken by the Company related to the timing, nature and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2018, the Company is being examined by the U.S. tax authorities related to the 2016 and 2017 tax years. The company does not expect any material adjustments as a result of the audit. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation expense from continuing operations related to property and equipment was $432,233 and $280,106 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Property and equipment as of December 31 is as follows: December 31, December 31, 2018 2017 Property and equipment, gross: Leasehold improvements $ 197,268 $ 128,122 Furniture and fixtures 611,171 355,033 Computer equipment and software 1,135,012 776,201 Total 1,943,451 1,259,356 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (682,653 ) (460,211 ) $ 1,260,798 $ 799,145 Useful lives are as follows: Leasehold improvements 5 years Furniture and fixtures 3-5 years Computing equipment 3 years Software 3-5 years Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from its services when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transactions will flow to the Company and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. All significant sources of revenue are the result of a contract with a customer, and as such meet all of the requirements of recognizing revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606. For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, revenue from contracts with customers was $18.7 million and $13.5 million, respectively. For the Company’s internet-based SharpSpring marketing automation solution, the services are typically offered on a month-to-month basis with a fee charged each month depending on the size of the engagement with the customer. Monthly fees are recorded as revenue during the month they are earned. Some customers are charged annually in advance, for which revenues are deferred and recorded ratably over the subscription period. The Company also charges transactional-based fees if monthly volume limitations are reached or other chargeable activity occurs. Additionally, customers are typically charged an upfront onboarding and training services. The upfront implementation and training fees represent short-term “use it or lose it” services offered for a flat fee. Such flat fees are recognized over the service period, which is typically 60 days. For the SharpSpring Mail+ product, the services are typically offered on a month-to-month basis. Customers are either charged in arrears based on the number of contacts in the system during the billing period or in advance if the customer selects a plan based on e-mail volume. The Company also charges transactional-based fees if monthly volume limitations are reached or other chargeable activity occurs. Our products are billed in arrears or upfront, depending on the product, which creates contract assets (accrued revenue) and contract liabilities (deferred revenue). Contract assets occur due to unbilled charges for which the Company has satisfied performance obligations. Contract liabilities occur due to billing up front for charges that the Company has not yet fully satisfied all performance obligations. Both contract assets and liabilities are recognized and deferred ratably over their service periods. The Company makes judgements when determining revenue recognition. Because many of our contracts are billed in arrears, estimates are made for the transaction price and amounts allocated to each accounting period related to the performance obligations of each contract. There have been no changes to the methodology used in these judgements and estimates for determining revenues. Some of the estimates used when determining revenue recognition relate to variable customer consideration that changes from month to month. The Company uses the most likely amount method to determine the estimated variable consideration, relying on historical consideration received, customer status and projected usage to determine the most likely consideration amount. The amount of variable consideration recognized is constrained and is only included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The performance obligations are measured using the output method to recognize revenue based on direct measurements of the value to the customer of the services transferred to date. Most of the Company’s contracts are satisfied over time, and as each contract has a predefined service period. This allows for a reliable way to measure performance obligations remaining and completed. The Company does have some contracts that are satisfied at a point in time upon delivery of services. The criteria for the completion of these contracts is defined in each contract with a customer so that there is no judgment required in evaluating when the service is delivered to the customer. Any discount given is allocated to the performance obligation and is treated as reduction to the transaction price. Due to the month to month nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, no financing or time value of money component exists related to the contracts with customers. Due to the month to month nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, we have elected to utilize the optional practical expedient from ASC 606-10-50-14 through 50-14A for disclosing the remaining performance obligations. The remaining performance obligations as of the balance sheet date consist of trainings and availability and use of the SharpSpring platform over the remainder of the contract, which is typically less than 30 days. From time to time, the Company offers refunds to customers and experiences credit card chargebacks relating to cardholder disputes that are commonly experienced by businesses that accept credit cards. The Company makes estimates for refunds and credit card chargebacks based on historical experience. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of payments received in advance of the Company’s providing the services. Deferred revenue is earned over the service period identified in each contract. The majority of our deferred revenue balances (contract liabilities) arise from upfront implementation and training fees for its SharpSpring marketing automation solution that are paid in advance. These services are typically performed over a 60-day period, and the revenue is recognized over that period. Additionally, some of the Company’s customers pay for services in advance on a periodic basis (such as monthly, quarterly, annually or bi-annually). In situations where a customer pays in advance for a one-year service period, the deferred revenue is recognized over that service period. Deferred revenue balances were $279,818 and $280,159 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Deferred revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 decreased by $29,162 and $340, respectively. The Company had deferred revenue contract liability balances of $250,656 and $279,818 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company expects to recognize a majority of the revenue on of these remaining performance obligations within 12 months. Approximately 20% of the deferred revenue balance is related to prepaid credits. These credits are recognized as they are used. The Company expects to recognize approximately half of the remaining credits within 12 months. Accrued Revenue In cases where our customers pay for services in arrears, we accrue for revenue in advance of billings as long as the criteria for revenue recognition is met, thus creating a contract asset. A portion of our accounts receivable balance is therefore unbilled at each balance sheet date. The accrued revenue contract asset balances were $554,603 and $439,559 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Revenue billed that was included in accrued revenue at the beginning of the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $554,603 and $439,559, respectively. Accrued revenue not billed in year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $740,425 and $554,603, respectively. The Company had accrued revenue contract asset balances of $740,425 and $554,603 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had cash balances at financial institutions that exceed federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash balances with accredited financial institutions. The Company does not believe it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. For the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, there were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of total revenue or 10% of total accounts receivable. Cost of Services Cost of services consists primarily of direct labor costs associated with support and customer onboarding and technology hosting costs and license costs associated with the cloud-based platform. Credit Card Processing Fees Credit card processing fees are included as a component of general and administrative expenses and are expensed as incurred. Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising and marketing expenses, excluding marketing team costs, were $5.7 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Capitalized Cost of Obtaining a Contract The Company capitalizes sales commission costs which are incremental to obtaining a contract. We expense costs that are related to obtaining a contract but are not incremental such as other sales and marketing costs and other costs that would be incurred regardless of if the contract was obtained. Capitalized costs are amortized using straight-line amortization over the estimated weighted average life of the customer, which we have estimated to be 3 years. At December 31, 2018, the net carrying value of the capitalized cost of obtaining a contract was $1,309,329, of which $699,159 is included in other current assets and $610,170 is included in other long-term assets. At December 31, 2017, the net carrying value of the capitalized cost of obtaining a contract was $1,218,833, of which $631,203 is included in other current assets and $587,630 is included in other long-term assets. The Company amortized costs directly attributable to obtaining contracts of $758,014 and $557,495 during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Such capitalized cost adjustments have been retroactively applied to prior periods. Stock Compensation We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation”, which requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of an equity instrument based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents for the period. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase common stock, warrants and the conversion option of the convertible Notes (Note 4) are considered to be potential common shares outstanding. Since the Company incurred net losses for each of the periods presented, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share. The Company’s potential common shares outstanding were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. Comprehensive Income or Loss Comprehensive income or loss includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources, such as net income or loss and foreign currency translation adjustments. Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates; with the resulting translation adjustments directly recorded to a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Income and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates during the period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Recently Issued Accounting Standards Recent accounting standards not included below are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Under current guidance, Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test requires entities to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The carrying value in excess of the implied fair value is recognized as goodwill impairment. Under the new standard, goodwill impairment is recognized based on Step 1 of the current guidance, which calculates the carrying value in excess of the reporting unit’s fair value. The new standard is effective beginning in January 2020, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets but record expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current accounting. For lessors, the guidance modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. The guidance is effective in 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance and disclosure requirements for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. This new revenue recognition standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. In addition to providing guidance on when and how revenue is recognized, the new standard also provides guidance on accounting for costs of obtaining contracts primarily related to aligning the expense with the period in which the value is recognized. As a result of this new standard, the Company was required to capitalize certain costs related to obtaining contracts associated with commissions expense paid to salespeople. The Company is using the retrospective transition method to adjust each prior reporting period presented for this new method of accounting for costs associated with obtaining contracts. The application of the retrospective transition was applied to all contracts at the date of initial application. The following tables present our results under our historical method and as adjusted to reflect these accounting changes. Historical Accounting Method Effect of Adoption of New ASU As Adjusted Year Ended December 31, 2018 Sales and Marketing Expense 10,183,186 (90,495 ) 10,092,691 Total operating expense 21,807,865 (90,495 ) 21,717,370 Operating loss (8,954,609 ) 90,495 (8,864,114 ) Loss before income taxes (9,900,311 ) 90,495 (9,809,816 ) Net loss (9,569,317 ) 90,495 (9,478,822 ) Basic net loss per share (1.12 ) 0.01 (1.11 ) Diluted net loss per share (1.12 ) 0.01 (1.11 ) Balance as of December 31, 2018 Other current assets 485,058 699,159 1,184,217 Other long-term assets 54,954 610,169 665,123 Total assets 22,697,947 1,309,329 24,007,276 Accumulated deficit (18,662,035 ) 1,309,329 (17,352,706 ) Historical Accounting Method Effect of Adoption of New ASU As Adjusted Year Ended December 31, 2017 Sales and Marketing Expense 6,983,208 (305,401 ) 6,677,807 Total operating expense 15,740,526 (305,401 ) 15,435,125 Operating loss (7,288,519 ) 305,401 (6,983,118 ) Loss before income taxes (7,079,344 ) 305,401 (6,773,943 ) Net loss (4,975,236 ) 305,401 (4,669,835 ) Basic net loss per share (0.59 ) 0.04 (0.56 ) Diluted net loss per share (0.59 ) 0.04 (0.56 ) Balance as of December 31, 2017 Other current assets 267,924 631,203 899,127 Other long-term assets 25,000 587,631 612,631 Total assets 20,463,289 1,218,834 21,682,123 Accumulated deficit (9,092,717 ) 1,218,834 (7,873,883 ) |