| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described in this note and elsewhere in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes. · Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with both accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in audited financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. In the opinion of management, the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024, which has been derived from audited financial statements and these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to state fairly the results for the periods presented. The results for the period ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2025 or for any future period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on October 16, 2024. · Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the useful lives of plant and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets (including intangible assets, allowance for expected credit losses, revenue recognition, income tax provision, deferred taxes and uncertain tax position. The inputs into the management’s judgments and estimates consider the geopolitical tension, inflationary and high-interest rate environment and other macroeconomic factors potentially effecting the Company’s critical and significant accounting estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates. · Basis of Consolidation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Verde Resources, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions within the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Company accounts for acquisitions in accordance with guidance found in ASC 805, Business Combinations. The guidance requires consideration given, including contingent consideration, assets acquired, and liabilities assumed to be valued at their fair market values at the acquisition date. · Segment Reporting Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280, Segment Reporting · Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of its cash and cash equivalents and future receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions of high credit worthiness. At times, its cash and cash equivalents with a particular financial institution may exceed any applicable government insurance limits. The Company’s management also assesses the financial strength and credit worthiness of any parties to which it extends funds or trades with, and as such, it believes that any associated credit risk exposures are limited. · Risks and Uncertainties The Company newly operates in the supply of Net Zero road constructions and building materials, including financial, operational, technological, and other risks associated with the introduction of a new product offering, including the potential risk of business failure. · Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are carried at cost and represent cash in banks, money market funds, , which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which, in the opinion of management, are subject to an insignificant risk of loss in value. The Company had $1,124,189 and $279,137 in cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consisted of bank deposits, petty cash on hands and restricted cash pledged for loan facility · Deposits with bank Deposits held for investments that are not debt securities are included in short-term investments in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Investments in time deposits with original maturities of more than three months but remaining maturities of less than one year are considered short-term investments. Investments held with the intent to reinvest or hold for longer than a year, or with remaining maturities of one year or more, are considered long-term investments. At September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, the interest rates and maturities of deposits with bank is 4.64% per annum and 60 to 270 days respectively. · Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at net realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit loss to provide for the estimated number of receivables that will not be collected. The Company considers several factors in its estimate of the allowance, including knowledge of a client’s financial condition, its historical collection experience, and other factors relevant to assessing the collectability of such receivables. Bad debts are written off against allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts will be recorded in the period when a loss is probable based on an assessment of specific evidence indicating troubled collection, historical experience, accounts aging, ongoing business relation and other factors. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within operating expenses. At September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, the Company has no allowance for doubtful accounts, as per management’s judgment based on their best knowledge. As of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the longest credit term for certain customers are 60 to 90 days. At September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, the allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable amounted to $0 and $27,481 respectively, and for other receivables amounted to $0 and $29,842 respectively. · Expected Credit Loss ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments · Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value (net realizable value), cost being determined on a first-in-first-out method. Cost of raw materials include cost of materials and incidental costs in bringing the inventory to its current location. Costs of finished goods, on the other hand include material, labor and overhead costs. The Company provides inventory allowances based on excess and obsolete inventories determined principally by customer demand. As of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the write down of inventories amounted to $0 and $15,587 respectively, and inventories written off amounted to $0 and $5,978 respectively. · Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following expected useful lives from the date on which they become fully operational and after taking into account their estimated residual values: Expected useful life Land and buildings 3-27.5 years Plant and machinery 5-10 years Office equipment 3 years Computers 5 years Motor vehicles 5 years Furniture and fittings 5 years Renovation 10 years Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterment which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income in other income or expenses. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, totaled $70,230 and $102,598, respectively. · Intangible assets Intangible assets acquired from third parties are measured initially at fair value, and where they have an infinite life, are not amortized. The Company annually evaluates the recoverability of the infinite-lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future discounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such a review indicates that the carrying amount of intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. As of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, the Company did not record an impairment on the intangible assets. · Assets held for sale The Company classifies assets as held-for-sale (“disposal group”) in the period when all of the relevant criteria to be classified as held for sale are met. These criteria include management’s commitment to sell the disposal group in its present condition and the sale being deemed probable of being completed within one year. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. The fair values of disposal groups are estimated using accepted valuation techniques, including indicative listing prices. The Company considers historical experience, guidance received from third parties, and all information available at the time the estimates are made to derive fair value. Any loss resulting from the measurement is recognized in the period when the criteria held for sale are met. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the initial carrying value of the disposal group. Assets held-for-sale are not amortized or depreciated. · Impairment of Long-lived Assets In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets There has been no impairment charge for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. · Revenue Recognition ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company applies the following five steps in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its agreements: · identify the contract with a customer; · identify the performance obligations in the contract; · determine the transaction price; · allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and · recognize revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation under the contract by transferring the promised product to its customer that obtains control of the product, based on the delivery document, and collection is reasonably assured. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. Most of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. The Company considers customer order confirmations, whether formal or otherwise, to be a contract with the customer. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company also follows the guidance provided in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company derives its revenue from the sale of products and services in its role as a principal. Rental income Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective lease agreement. · Cost of revenue Cost of revenue consists primarily of the cost of goods sold, which are directly attributable to the sales of products. · Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for the operating lease, the Company generally uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU assets”) assets represent the Company’s right to control the use of an identified asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are generally recognized based on the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. ROU assets from operating and finance leases are subject to the impairment guidance in ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment ROU assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group if the cash flows related to the ROU asset are not independent from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. The Company recognized no impairment of ROU assets as of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024. The operating lease is included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as current and non-current liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024. Leases that transfer substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership to the lessee, other than legal title, are accounted for as finance leases. Substantially all of the risks or benefits of ownership are deemed to have been transferred if any one of the four criteria is met: (i) transfer of ownership to the lessee at the end of the lease term, (ii) the lease containing a bargain purchase option, (iii) the lease term exceeding 75% of the estimated economic life of the leased asset, (iv) the present value of the minimum lease payments exceeding 90% of the fair value. At the inception of a finance lease, we as the lessee records an asset and an obligation at an amount equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments. The leased asset is amortized over the shorter of the lease term or its estimated useful life if title does not transfer to us, while the leased asset is depreciated in accordance with our depreciation policy if the title is to eventually transfer to us. The periodic rent payments made during the lease term are allocated between a reduction in the obligation and interest element using the effective interest method in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 842. · Income Taxes The Company adopted the ASC Topic 740, Income tax The estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities are reported in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as tax credit carry-backs and carry-forwards. The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of deferred tax assets recorded on its balance sheets and provides valuation allowances as management deems necessary. · Uncertain Tax Positions The Company did not take any uncertain tax positions and had no adjustments to its income tax liabilities or benefits pursuant to the ASC Topic 740 provisions of Section 740-10-25 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. · Foreign Currencies Translation The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States dollar (“US$”) and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been expressed in United States dollars. The Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia have functional currency of Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), being the primary currency of the economic environment in which their operations are conducted. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations. For reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC Topic 830, Translation of Financial Statements Translation of MYR into U.S. dollars has been made at the following exchange rates for the following periods: September 30, 2024 September 30, 2023 Period-end MYR:US$ exchange rate 0.24242 0.21298 Average period MYR:US$ exchange rate 0.23050 0.21610 · Comprehensive Income ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income · Net Loss per Share The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share · Stock Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718-10, Compensation-Stock Compensation Fair value is determined based on the estimated market prices of the Company’s Common Stock at the respective issuance date in accordance with ASC 718, taking into consideration the volatility of the market price of the shares, the terms of the instruments and the conditions upon which they were granted. Share based compensation for nonemployees for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, were of $272,005 and $13,323, respectively. Share based compensation for employees for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, were of $106,585 and $0, respectively. · Retirement Plan Costs Contributions to retirement plans (which are defined contribution plans) are charged to general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operation as the related employee service are provided. · Related Parties The Company follows the ASC 850-10, Related Party, Pursuant to section 850-10-20 the related parties include a) affiliates of the Company; b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection of section 825–10–15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and Income-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; d) principal owners of the Company; e) management of the Company; f) other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of consolidated or combined financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: a) the nature of the relationship(s) involved; b) a description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements; c) the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and d) amount due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement. · Commitments and Contingencies The Company follows the ASC 450-20, Commitments, If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows. · Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company follows paragraph 825-10-50-10 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification for disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments and has adopted paragraph 820-10-35-37 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Paragraph 820-10-35-37”) to measure the fair value of its financial instruments. Paragraph 820-10-35-37 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three (3) broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three (3) levels of fair value hierarchy defined by Paragraph 820-10-35-37 are described below: Level 1 Quoted market prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Level 2 Pricing inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 3 Pricing inputs that are generally observable inputs and not corroborated by market data. Financial assets are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. If the inputs used to measure the financial assets and liabilities fall within more than one level described above, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, deposits with banks, accounts receivable, prepayments, other receivables and deposits, amounts due from related parties, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other payables, bank loans, amounts due to related parties approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. · Recent Accounting Pronouncements During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there have been no new, or existing, recently issued accounting pronouncements that are of significance, or potential significance, that impact the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new accounting guidance ASU 2016-13 for recognition of credit losses on financial instruments, which is effective January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019. The guidance introduces a new credit reserving model known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model, which is based on expected losses, and differs significantly from the incurred loss approach used today. The CECL model requires measurement of expected credit losses not only based on historical experience and current conditions, but also by including reasonable and supportable forecasts incorporating forward-looking information and will likely result in earlier recognition of credit reserves. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, which is to update the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for private companies, not-for-profit organizations and certain smaller reporting companies applying for credit losses standard. The new effective date for these preparers is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this update on July 1, 2023, and the adoption does not have material impact on Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. CECL adoption will have broad impact on the financial statements of financial services firms, which will affect key profitability and solvency measures. Some of the more notable expected changes include: – Higher allowance on financial guarantee reserve and finance lease receivable levels and related deferred tax assets. While different asset types will be impacted differently, the expectation is that reserve levels will generally increase across the board for all financial firms. – Increased reserve levels may lead to a reduction in capital levels. – As a result of higher reserving levels, the expectation is that CECL will reduce cyclicality in financial firms’ results, as higher reserving in “good times” will mean that less dramatic reserve increases will be loan related income (which will continue to be recognized on a periodic basis based on the effective interest method) and the related credit losses (which will be recognized up front at origination). This will make periods of loan expansion seem less profitable due to the immediate recognition of expected credit losses. Periods of stable or declining loan levels will look comparatively profitable as the income trickles in for loans, where losses had been previously recognized. In March 2023, the FASB issued new accounting guidance, ASU 2023-01, for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. The new guidance introduced two issues: terms and conditions to be considered with leases between related parties under common control and accounting for leasehold improvements. The goals for the new issues are to reduce the cost associated with implementing and applying Topic 842 and to promote diversity in practice by entities within the scope when applying lease accounting requirements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures The Company has reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may not be expected to cause a material impact on its financial condition or the results of its operations. |
