the remainder of 2022 and the whole of 2023 participants will receive cash compensation on the vesting dates of the relevant RSU equity awards, in an amount equal to the target value of each tranche of such awards. As a result, RUB 4.7 billion of the total RUB 6.5 billion in SBC expenses were recorded as part of personnel expenses, which reduced consolidated adjusted EBITDA in Q3 2022.
Income/(loss) from operations
| | | | | | |
In RUB millions | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2021 | 2022 | Change | 2021 | 2022 | Change |
Income/(loss) from operations | (5,684) | 10,797 | n/m | (10,674) | 7,109 | n/m |
Income from operations amounted to RUB 10.8 billion in Q3 2022 compared to a loss from operations of RUB 5.7 billion in Q3 2021. The growth was mainly driven by the continuing improvement of our E-commerce, Mobility and Delivery and Search and Portal segments profitability on the back of the increased operational efficiency and stricter cost controls implemented across the group.
Other income/(loss), net for Q3 2022 was income of RUB 4,053 million, up from income of RUB 723 million in Q3 2021. Other income/(loss), net includes foreign exchange gains in the amount of RUB 4,242 million and RUB 377 million in Q3 2022 and Q3 2021 respectively. The increase of foreign exchange gains reflects the depreciation of the Russian ruble against the US dollar by 11% and 1% during Q3 2022 and Q3 2021 respectively.
Income tax expense for Q3 2022 was RUB 6,818 million, up from RUB 1,122 million in Q3 2021. Our effective tax rate in Q3 2022 was positive 13.0% compared to a negative tax rate of 40.3% in Q3 2021. If we remove the effects of SBC expense, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, tax on dividends, tax provisions recognized and tax effects of the News and Zen deconsolidation our effective tax rate for Q3 2022 was 19.7%, compared to 27.5% for Q3 2021 as adjusted for similar effects. The change in the tax rate without the above-mentioned effects was primarily driven by the permanent difference between US GAAP and tax accounting in the books of certain of our subsidiaries and reduced tax rate in certain subsidiaries.
Net income was RUB 45.5 billion in Q3 2022, compared with net loss of RUB 3.9 billion in Q3 2021. The changes in net income were mainly attributable to significant growth of operational profitability, the effect of the News and Zen deconsolidation in Q3 2022 as well as foreign exchange gains.
Net cash flow from operating activities for Q3 2022 was RUB 26.5 billion and capital expenditures for Q3 2022 were RUB 4.6 billion.
The total number of shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 was 361,156,903, including 325,458,228 Class A shares, 35,698,674 Class B shares, and one Priority share and excluding 558,663 Class A shares held in treasury and all Class C shares outstanding solely as a result of the conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares. Any such Class C shares will be cancelled. In October 2022, Yandex issued 325,379 new Class A ordinary shares as a part of the purchase price under the repurchase agreements relating to our $1,250,000,000 0.75% Convertible Notes due 2025, as permitted under General License No. 45 issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, enabling noteholders to settle open short positions.
There were also employee share options outstanding to purchase up to an additional 2.9 million shares, at a weighted average exercise price of $44.32 per share, 2.1 million of which were fully vested; equity-settled share appreciation rights (SARs) for 0.1 million shares, at a weighted average measurement price of $32.85, all of which were fully vested; restricted share units (RSUs) covering 12.2 million shares, of which RSUs to acquire 6.2 million shares were fully vested; performance share units (PSUs) for 0.2 million shares. In addition, we have outstanding equity-linked awards in respect of our various Business Units, including options and synthetic options, which may be settled in equity of our Business Units, cash or Yandex Class A shares.