Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 6: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Classes of loans include: December 31, 2023 June 30, 2023 Real estate loans: One- $ 175,817 $ 163,854 Multi-family 128,625 89,649 Commercial 215,565 193,707 Home equity lines of credit 9,494 8,066 Construction 39,906 50,973 Commercial 83,698 79,693 Consumer 8,042 8,382 Total loans 661,147 594,324 Less: Unearned fees and discounts, net (337 ) (272 ) Allowance for credit losses 7,935 7,139 Loans, net $ 653,549 $ 587,457 The Company had loans held for sale included in the one- The Company believes that sound loans are a necessary and desirable means of employing funds available for investment. Recognizing the Company’s obligations to its depositors and to the communities it serves, authorized personnel are expected to seek to develop and make sound, profitable loans that resources permit and that opportunity affords. The Company maintains lending policies and procedures designed to focus our lending efforts on the types, locations, and duration of loans most appropriate for our business model and markets. The Company’s lending activity includes the origination of one- Management reviews and approves the Company’s lending policies and procedures on a routine basis. Management routinely (at least quarterly) reviews our allowance for credit losses and reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and non-performing The Company’s policies and loan approval limits are established by the Board of Directors. The structure of the Company’s loan approval process is based on progressively larger lending authorities granted to loan officers, loan committees, and ultimately the Board of Directors through its Operating Committee, consisting of the Chairman and up to four other Board members. At no time is a borrower’s total borrowing relationship to exceed our regulatory lending limit. Loans to related parties, including executive officers and the Company’s directors, are reviewed for compliance with regulatory guidelines and the Board of Directors at least annually. The Company conducts internal loan reviews that validate the loans against the Company’s loan policy quarterly for mortgage, consumer, and small commercial loans on a sample basis, and all larger commercial loans on an annual basis. The Association also receives independent loan reviews performed by a third party on larger commercial loans to be performed annually. In addition to compliance with our policy, the loan review process reviews the risk assessments made by our credit department, lenders and loan committees. Results of these reviews are presented to management, Audit Committee and the Board of Directors. The Company’s lending can be summarized into six primary areas: one- One- The Company offers one- non-conforming one- one- The Company previously offered USDA (USDA Rural Development), FHA and VA loans that were originated through a nationwide wholesale lender, until that lender recently discontinued originations through its wholesale mortgage channel. The Company is searching for a replacement wholesale lender so USDA, FHA and VA products can again be offered. In addition, the Company also offers home equity loans that are secured by a second mortgage on the borrower’s primary or secondary residence. Home equity loans are generally underwritten using the same criteria used to underwrite one- As one- one- debt-to-income Commercial Real Estate and Multi-Family Real Estate Loans Commercial real estate mortgage loans are primarily secured by office buildings, owner-occupied businesses, retail rentals, churches, office buildings and farm loans secured by real estate. In underwriting commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans, the Company considers a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement, the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Personal guarantees are typically obtained from commercial real estate and multi-family real estate borrowers. In addition, the borrower’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates. The repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the cash flows of the underlying property. However, the commercial real estate loan generally must be supported by an adequate underlying collateral value. The performance and the value of the underlying property may be adversely affected by economic factors or geographical and/or industry specific factors. These loans are subject to other industry guidelines that are closely monitored by the Company. Home Equity Lines of Credit In addition to traditional one- one- debt-to-income Commercial Business Loans The Company originates commercial non-mortgage medium-sized The commercial business loan portfolio consists primarily of secured loans. When making commercial business loans, the Company considers the financial statements, lending history and debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business and the value of any collateral. The cash flows of the underlying borrower, however, may not perform consistently with historical or projected information. Further, the collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to individual economic or other factors. Loans are typically guaranteed by the principals of the borrower. The Company has established minimum standards and underwriting guidelines for all commercial loan types. Real Estate Construction Loans The Company originates construction loans for one- Consumer Loans Consumer loans consist of installment loans to individuals, primarily automotive loans. These loans are underwritten utilizing the borrower’s financial history, including the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) Loan-to-value Loan Concentration The loan portfolio includes a concentration of loans secured by commercial real estate properties amounting to $369,596,000 and $328,721,000 as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Generally, these loans are collateralized by multi-family and nonresidential properties. The loans are expected to be repaid from cash flows or from proceeds from the sale of the properties of the borrower. Purchased Loans and Loan Participations The Company’s loans receivable included purchased loans of $605,000 and $652,000 at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively. All of these purchased loans are secured by single family homes located out of our primary market area, but still primarily in the Midwest. The Company’s loans receivable also include commercial loan participations of $47,075,000 and $46,073,000 at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively, of which $30,338,000 and $28,951,000, at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 were outside our primary market area. Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three-month and six-month December Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,906 $ 1,115 $ 2,265 $ 134 Provision charged to expense (97 ) 750 328 13 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries — — — — Balance, end of period $ 1,809 $ 1,865 $ 2,593 $ 147 Loans: Ending balance $ 175,817 $ 128,625 $ 215,565 $ 9,494 Three Months Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,165 $ 788 $ 77 $ 7,450 Provision charged to expense (626 ) 66 3 437 Losses charged off — — (18 ) (18 ) Recoveries — 61 5 66 Balance, end of period $ 539 $ 915 $ 67 $ 7,935 Loans: Ending balance $ 39,906 $ 83,698 $ 8,042 $ 661,147 Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,898 $ 1,121 $ 2,369 $ 121 Provision charged to expense (89 ) 744 224 26 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries — — — — Balance, end of period $ 1,809 $ 1,865 $ 2,593 $ 147 Loans: Ending balance $ 175,817 $ 128,625 $ 215,565 $ 9,494 Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 765 $ 794 $ 71 $ 7,139 Provision charged to expense (226 ) 54 14 747 Losses charged off — — (25 ) (25 ) Recoveries — 67 7 74 Balance, end of period $ 539 $ 915 $ 67 $ 7,935 Loans: Ending balance $ 39,906 $ 83,698 $ 8,042 $ 661,147 Year Ended June 30, 2023 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year (prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13) $ 1,028 $ 1,375 $ 1,985 $ 70 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 382 (140 ) 385 33 Provision charged to expense 487 (114 ) (1 ) 18 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries 1 — — — Balance, end of year $ 1,898 $ 1,121 $ 2,369 $ 121 Loans: Ending balance $ 163,854 $ 89,649 $ 193,707 $ 8,066 Year Ended June 30, 2023 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year (prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13) $ 489 $ 2,025 $ 80 $ 7,052 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 192 (818 ) 13 47 Provision charged to expense 84 (422 ) — 52 Losses charged off — (14 ) (37 ) (51 ) Recoveries — 23 15 39 Balance, end of year $ 765 $ 794 $ 71 $ 7,139 Loans: Ending balance $ 50,973 $ 79,693 $ 8,382 $ 594,324 Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,537 $ 1,284 $ 2,386 $ 94 Provision charged to expense 185 118 6 7 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries — — — — Balance, end of period $ 1,722 $ 1,402 $ 2,392 $ 101 Loans: Ending balance $ 150,711 $ 100,147 $ 192,015 $ 6,926 Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 549 $ 1,090 $ 83 $ 7,023 Provision charged to expense 36 (227 ) 17 142 Losses charged off — — (9 ) (9 ) Recoveries — 8 2 10 Balance, end of period $ 585 $ 871 $ 93 $ 7,166 Loans: Ending balance $ 36,595 $ 72,360 $ 9,486 $ 568,240 Six Months Ended December 31, 2022 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period (prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13) $ 1,028 $ 1,375 $ 1,985 $ 70 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 382 (140 ) 385 33 Provision charged to expense 311 167 22 (2 ) Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries 1 — — — Balance, end of period $ 1,722 $ 1,402 $ 2,392 $ 101 Loans: Ending balance $ 150,711 $ 100,147 $ 192,015 $ 6,926 Six Months Ended December 31, 2022 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period (prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13) $ 489 $ 2,025 $ 80 $ 7,052 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 192 (818 ) 13 47 Provision charged to expense (96 ) (344 ) 17 75 Losses charged off — (4 ) (21 ) (25 ) Recoveries — 12 4 17 Balance, end of period $ 585 $ 871 $ 93 $ 7,166 Loans: Ending balance $ 36,595 $ 72,360 $ 9,486 $ 568,240 Management’s opinion as to the ultimate collectability of loans is subject to estimates regarding future cash The allowance for credit losses represents the Company’s best estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The provision for credit losses is the charge against current earnings that is determined by the Company as the amount needed to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. In determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, and therefore the provision to be charged to current earnings, the Company relies on a sound credit review and approval process. The review process is directed by the overall lending policy and is intended to identify, at the earliest possible stage, borrowers who might be facing financial difficulty. The Company utilizes the CECL cohort methodology analysis which relies on segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks, tracking the performance of the pools over time, and using the data to determine pool loss experience. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans and is established through provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The ACL is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, industry economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. The allowance for credit losses on most loans is measured on a collective (pool) basis for loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for credit losses for specifically identified loans by evaluating them individually. The specific allowance for collateral-dependent loans that are evaluated individually is measured by determining the fair value of the collateral adjusted for market conditions and selling expense. Factors used in identifying a specific problem loan include: (1) the strength of the customer’s personal or business cash flows; (2) the availability of other sources of repayment; (3) the amount due or past due; (4) the type and value of collateral; (5) the strength of the collateral position; (6) the estimated cost to sell the collateral; and (7) the borrower’s effort to cure the delinquency. In addition, for loans secured by real estate, the Company also considers the extent of any past due and unpaid property taxes applicable to the property serving as collateral on the mortgage. The Company establishes a general allowance for loans that are not individually evaluated to recognize the inherent losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, has not been allocated to particular problem assets. The general valuation allowance is determined by segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks and collecting data to determine pool loss experience. Factors considered by the Company in evaluating the overall adequacy of the allowance include historical net loan losses, the level and composition of nonaccrual, past due and loan modifications for borrowers with financial difficulties, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards or lending practices, lending staff changes, concentrations of credit, industry conditions and the current economic conditions in the region where the Company operates. In addition, a forecast, using reasonable and supportable future conditions, is prepared that is used to estimate expected changes to existing and historical conditions in the current period. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. All loans are graded at inception of the loan. Subsequently, analyses are performed on an annual basis and grade changes are made as necessary. Interim grade reviews may take place if circumstances of the borrower warrant a timelier review. The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company classifies problem and potential problem loans as “Watch,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” and “Loss.” The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass – Watch – Substandard – Doubtful – Loss – charged-off. Risk characteristics applicable to each segment of the loan portfolio are described as follows. Residential One- one- one- Commercial and Multi-family Real Estate: Construction Real Estate: Commercial: Consumer: The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on risk rating category and calendar year of origination as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Risk Rating 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Years Total One- Pass $ 44,051 $ 53,679 $ 26,209 $ 16,009 $ 5,381 $ 30,209 $ 175,538 Watch — — 80 — — — 80 Substandard 14 6 5 — 174 — 199 Total $ 44,065 $ 53,685 $ 26,294 $ 16,009 $ 5,555 $ 30,209 $ 175,817 Multi-Family Pass $ 11,720 $ 48,742 $ 20,279 $ 23,065 $ 8,308 $ 16,272 $ 128,386 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 239 — 239 Total $ 11,720 $ 48,742 $ 20,279 $ 23,065 $ 8,547 $ 16,272 $ 128,625 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 30,022 $ 72,434 $ 28,336 $ 31,285 $ 5,498 $ 47,070 $ 214,645 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 840 80 — 920 Total $ 30,022 $ 72,434 $ 28,336 $ 32,125 $ 5,578 $ 47,070 $ 215,565 Home Equity Line of Credit Pass $ 3,041 $ 1,960 $ 1,455 $ 1,002 $ 749 $ 1,287 $ 9,494 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 3,041 $ 1,960 $ 1,455 $ 1,002 $ 749 $ 1,287 $ 9,494 Construction Pass $ 32,990 $ 6,916 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 39,906 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 32,990 $ 6,916 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 39,906 Commercial Business Pass $ 29,889 $ 18,008 $ 11,578 $ 8,070 $ 6,356 $ 8,007 $ 81,908 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — 38 219 1,476 56 1 1,790 Total $ 29,889 $ 18,046 $ 11,797 $ 9,546 $ 6,412 $ 8,008 $ 83,698 Consumer Pass $ 3,703 $ 2,433 $ 1,166 $ 574 $ 110 $ 56 $ 8,042 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 3,703 $ 2,433 $ 1,166 $ 574 $ 110 $ 56 $ 8,042 Total Loans Pass $ 155,416 $ 204,172 $ 89,023 $ 80,005 $ 26,402 $ 102,901 $ 657,919 Watch — — 80 — — — 80 Substandard 14 44 224 2,316 549 1 3,148 Total $ 155,430 $ 204,216 $ 89,327 $ 82,321 $ 26,951 $ 102,902 $ 661,147 June 30, 2023 Risk Rating 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Years Total One- Pass $ 22,032 $ 56,054 $ 27,843 $ 18,468 $ 5,996 $ 32,729 $ 163,122 Watch — — — — — 335 335 Substandard 14 6 94 61 222 — 397 Total $ 22,046 $ 56,060 $ 27,937 $ 18,529 $ 6,218 $ 33,064 $ 163,854 Multi-Family Pass $ 674 $ 37,826 $ 10,647 $ 14,399 $ 8,587 $ 17,272 $ 89,405 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 244 — 244 Total $ 674 $ 37,826 $ 10,647 $ 14,399 $ 8,831 $ 17,272 $ 89,649 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 12,214 $ 63,645 $ 29,320 $ 32,502 $ 5,844 $ 49,239 $ 192,764 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 862 81 — 943 Total $ 12,214 $ 63,645 $ 29,320 $ 33,364 $ 5,925 $ 49,239 $ 193,707 Home Equity Line of Credit Pass $ 982 $ 2,554 $ 1,301 $ 1,035 $ 789 $ 1,405 $ 8,066 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 982 $ 2,554 $ 1,301 $ 1,035 $ 789 $ 1,405 $ 8,066 Construction Pass $ 2,882 $ 29,188 $ 10,432 $ 8,471 $ — $ — $ 50,973 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 2,882 $ 29,188 $ 10,432 $ 8,471 $ — $ — $ 50,973 Commercial Business Pass $ 12,449 $ 20,004 $ 17,673 $ 8,797 $ 7,669 $ 8,841 $ 75,433 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard 2,779 59 174 1,189 57 2 4,260 Total $ 15,228 $ 20,063 $ 17,847 $ 9,986 $ 7,726 $ 8,843 $ 79,693 Consumer Pass $ 2,391 $ 3,181 $ 1,653 $ 834 $ 211 $ 107 $ 8,377 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — 1 — — 4 5 Total $ 2,391 $ 3,181 $ 1,654 $ 834 $ 211 $ 111 $ 8,382 Total Loans Pass $ 53,624 $ 212,452 $ 98,869 $ 84,506 $ 29,096 $ 109,593 $ 588,140 Watch — — — — — 335 335 Substandard 2,793 65 269 2,112 604 6 5,849 Total $ 56,417 $ 212,517 $ 99,138 $ 86,618 $ 29,700 $ 109,934 $ 594,324 The following tables present the Company’s lo a 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Total Past Due Current Total Loans Total Loans December 31, 2023: Real estate loans: One- $ 1,263 $ 62 $ 1 $ 1,326 $ 174,491 $ 175,817 $ 1 Multi-family 122 — — 122 128,503 128,625 — Commercial 393 152 — 545 215,020 215,565 — Home equity lines of credit — 19 — 19 9,475 9,494 — Construction — — — — 39,906 39,906 — Commercial 19 25 29 73 83,625 83,698 — Consumer 2 24 — 26 8,016 8,042 — Total $ 1,799 $ 282 $ 30 $ 2,111 $ 659,036 $ 661,147 $ 1 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Total Past Due Current Total Loans Total Loans June 30, 2023: Real estate loans: One- $ 523 $ 116 $ — $ 639 $ 163,215 $ 163,854 $ — Multi-family — — — — 89,649 89,649 — Commercial 153 — — 153 193,554 193,707 — Home equity lines of credit — 20 — 20 8,046 8,066 — Construction — — — — 50,973 50,973 — Commercial 56 — 58 114 79,579 79,693 — Consumer 47 6 2 55 8,327 8,382 — Total $ 779 $ 142 $ 60 $ 981 $ 593,343 $ 594,324 $ — The allowance for credit losses on most loans is measured on a collective (pool) basis for loans with similar risk characteristics, while some loans are selected to be evaluated individually. At December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, no non-performing The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and of nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for which no allowance was recorded at December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023: December 31, 2023 June 30, 2023 Nonaccrual with no Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with no Nonaccrual Mortgages on real estate: One- $ — $ — $ — $ — Multi-family — — — — Commercial — — — — Home equity lines of credit — — — — Construction loans — — — — Commercial business loans — 29 — 115 Consumer loans — — — 2 Total $ — $ 29 $ — $ 117 Loan Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) After adopting ASU 2022-02, 2022-02, As of December 31, 2023, the Company no longer held any TDRs, while as of June 30, 2023, the Company had a number of loans that were modified in troubled debt restructurings. The modification of such loans included one or a combination of the following: an extension of maturity, a reduction The following table presents the recorded balance, at original cost, of troubled debt restructurings, as of June 30, 2023. All TDRs were performing according to the terms of the restructuring and were accruing as of June 30, 2023. June 30, 2023 Real estate loans One- $ 189 Multi-family — Commercial — Home equity lines of credit — Total real estate loans 189 Construction loans — Commercial business loans 26 Consumer loans — Total $ 215 TDRs with Defaults The Company had no TDRs in default and no restructured loans in foreclosure as of December 31, 2023 or as of June 30, 2023. The Company defines a default as any loan that becomes 90 days or more past due. Specific loss allowances are included in the calculation of estimated future loss ratios, which are applied to the various loan portfolios for purposes of estimating future losses. Management considers the level of defaults within the various portfolios, as well as the current adverse economic environment and negative outlook in the real estate and collateral markets when evaluating qualitative adjustments used to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. We believe the qualitative adjustments more accurately reflect collateral values in light of the sales and economic conditions that we have recently observed. We may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or home equity loan via foreclosure or in-substance |