Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 6: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Classes of loans include: December 31, 2024 June 30, 2024 Real estate loans: One- $ 177,733 $ 177,263 Multi-family 129,371 126,031 Commercial 205,348 200,017 Home equity lines of credit 9,887 9,859 Construction 31,326 33,708 Commercial 94,042 91,784 Consumer 6,926 7,727 Total loans 654,633 646,389 Less: Unearned fees and discounts, net (377 ) (407 ) Allowance for credit losses 7,346 7,499 Loans, net $ 647,664 $ 639,297 The Company had no loans held for sale as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024. The Company believes that sound loans are a necessary and desirable means of employing funds available for investment. Recognizing the Company’s obligations to its depositors and to the communities it serves, authorized personnel are expected to seek to develop and make sound, profitable loans that resources permit and that opportunity affords. The Company maintains lending policies and procedures designed to focus our lending efforts on the types, locations, and duration of loans most appropriate for our business model and markets. The Company’s lending activity includes the origination of one- Management reviews and approves the Company’s lending policies and procedures on a routine basis. Management routinely (at least quarterly) reviews our allowance for credit losses and reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and non-performing The Company’s policies and loan approval limits are established by the Board of Directors. The structure of the Company’s loan approval process is based on progressively larger lending authorities granted to loan officers, loan committees, and ultimately the Board of Directors through its Operating Committee, consisting of the Chairman and at least four other Board members. At no time is a borrower’s total borrowing relationship to exceed our regulatory lending limit. Loans to related parties, including executive officers and the Company’s directors, are reviewed for compliance with regulatory guidelines and the Board of Directors at least annually. The Company conducts internal loan reviews that validate the loans against the Company’s loan policy quarterly for mortgage, consumer, and small commercial loans on a sample basis, and all larger commercial loans on an annual basis. The Association also receives independent loan reviews performed by a third party on larger commercial loans to be performed annually. In addition to compliance with our policy, the loan review process reviews the risk assessments made by our credit department, lenders and loan committees. Results of these reviews are presented to management, Audit Committee and the Board of Directors. The Company’s lending can be summarized into six primary areas: one- One- The Company offers one- non-conforming one- one- The Company offers USDA (USDA Rural Development), FHA and VA loans that were originated through a nationwide wholesale lender. In addition, the Company also offers home equity loans that are secured by a second mortgage on the borrower’s primary or secondary residence. Home equity loans are generally underwritten using the same criteria used to underwrite one- As one- one- debt-to-income Commercial Real Estate and Multi-Family Real Estate Loans Commercial real estate mortgage loans are primarily secured by office buildings, owner-occupied businesses, retail rentals, churches, office buildings and farm loans secured by real estate. In underwriting commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans, the Company considers a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement, the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Personal guarantees are typically obtained from commercial real estate and multi-family real estate borrowers. In addition, the borrower’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates. The repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the cash flows of the underlying property. However, the commercial real estate loan generally must be supported by an adequate underlying collateral value. The performance and the value of the underlying property may be adversely affected by economic factors or geographical and/or industry specific factors. These loans are subject to other industry guidelines that are closely monitored by the Company. Home Equity Lines of Credit In addition to traditional one- one- debt-to-income Commercial Business Loans The Company originates commercial non-mortgage medium-sized The commercial business loan portfolio consists primarily of secured loans. When making commercial business loans, the Company considers the financial statements, lending history and debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business and the value of any collateral. The cash flows of the underlying borrower, however, may not perform consistently with historical or projected information. Further, the collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to individual economic or other factors. Loans are typically guaranteed by the principals of the borrower. The Company has established minimum standards and underwriting guidelines for all commercial loan types. Real Estate Construction Loans The Company originates construction loans for one- Consumer Loans Consumer loans consist of installment loans to individuals, primarily automotive loans. These loans are underwritten utilizing the borrower’s financial history, including the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) Loan-to-value Loan Concentration The loan portfolio includes a concentration of loans secured by commercial real estate properties amounting to $349,832,000 and $346,499,000 as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Generally, these loans are collateralized by multi-family and nonresidential properties. The loans are expected to be repaid from cash flows or from proceeds from the sale of the properties of the borrower. Purchased Loans and Loan Participations The Company’s loans receivable included purchased loans of $225,000 and $253,000 at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. All of these purchased loans are secured by single family homes located out of our primary market area, but still primarily in the Midwest. The Company’s loans receivable also include commercial loan participations of $55,944,000 and $51,798,000 at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of which $38,755,000 and $34,929,000, at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 were outside our primary market area. Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three-month and six-month Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,628 $ 1,762 $ 2,362 $ 147 Provision (credit) charged to expense (49 ) (281 ) 16 (13 ) Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries — 200 — — Balance, end of period $ 1,579 $ 1,681 $ 2,378 $ 134 Loans: Ending balance $ 177,733 $ 129,371 $ 205,348 $ 9,887 Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 278 $ 1,236 $ 59 $ 7,472 Provision (credit) charged to expense 20 (127 ) 23 (411 ) Losses charged off — — (33 ) (33 ) Recoveries — 107 11 318 Balance, end of period $ 298 $ 1,216 $ 60 $ 7,346 Loans: Ending balance $ 31,326 $ 94,042 $ 6,926 $ 654,633 Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 Real Estate Loans One- Four- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,774 $ 1,764 $ 2,358 $ 148 Provision (credit) charged to expense (196 ) 67 20 (14 ) Losses charged off — (350 ) — — Recoveries 1 200 — — Balance, end of period $ 1,579 $ 1,681 $ 2,378 $ 134 Loans: Ending balance $ 177,733 $ 129,371 $ 205,348 $ 9,887 Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 337 $ 1,053 $ 65 $ 7,499 Provision (credit) charged to expense (39 ) 104 24 (34 ) Losses charged off — (50 ) (42 ) (442 ) Recoveries — 109 13 323 Balance, end of period $ 298 $ 1,216 $ 60 $ 7,346 Loans: Ending balance $ 31,326 $ 94,042 $ 6,926 $ 654,633 Year Ended June 30, 2024 Real Estate Loans One- Four-Family Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 1,898 $ 1,121 $ 2,369 $ 121 Provision (credit) charged to expense (127 ) 643 (11 ) 27 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries 3 — — — Balance, end of year $ 1,774 $ 1,764 $ 2,358 $ 148 Loans: Ending balance $ 177,263 $ 126,031 $ 200,017 $ 9,859 Year Ended June 30, 2024 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 765 $ 794 $ 71 $ 7,139 Provision (credit) charged to expense (428 ) 17 29 150 Losses charged off — — (49 ) (49 ) Recoveries — 242 14 259 Balance, end of year $ 337 $ 1,053 $ 65 $ 7,499 Loans: Ending balance $ 33,708 $ 91,784 $ 7,727 $ 646,389 Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 Real Estate Loans One- Four-Family Multi- Commercial Home Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,906 $ 1,115 $ 2,265 $ 134 Provision (credit) charged to expense (97 ) 750 328 13 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries — — — — Balance, end of period $ 1,809 $ 1,865 $ 2,593 $ 147 Loans: Ending balance $ 175,817 $ 128,625 $ 215,565 $ 9,494 Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,165 $ 788 $ 77 $ 7,450 Provision (credit) charged to expense (626 ) 66 3 437 Losses charged off — — (18 ) (18 ) Recoveries — 61 5 66 Balance, end of period $ 539 $ 915 $ 67 $ 7,935 Loans: Ending balance $ 39,906 $ 83,698 $ 8,042 $ 661,147 Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 Real Estate Loans One- Multi-Family Commercial Home Equity Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 1,898 $ 1,121 $ 2,369 $ 121 Provision (credit) charged to expense (89 ) 744 224 26 Losses charged off — — — — Recoveries — — — — Balance, end of period $ 1,809 $ 1,865 $ 2,593 $ 147 Loans: Ending balance $ 175,817 $ 128,625 $ 215,565 $ 9,494 Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 (Continued) Construction Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 765 $ 794 $ 71 $ 7,139 Provision (credit) charged to expense (226 ) 54 14 747 Losses charged off — — (25 ) (25 ) Recoveries — 67 7 74 Balance, end of period $ 539 $ 915 $ 67 $ 7,935 Loans: Ending balance $ 39,906 $ 83,698 $ 8,042 $ 661,147 Management’s opinion as to the ultimate collectability of loans is subject to estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers. The allowance for credit losses represents the Company’s best estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The provision for credit losses is the charge against current earnings that is determined by the Company as the amount needed to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. In determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, and therefore the provision to be charged to current earnings, the Company relies on a sound credit review and approval process. The review process is directed by the overall lending policy and is intended to identify, at the earliest possible stage, borrowers who might be facing financial difficulty. The Company utilizes the CECL cohort methodology analysis which relies on segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks, tracking the performance of the pools over time, and using the data to determine pool loss experience. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans and is established through provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The ACL is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, industry economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. The allowance for credit losses on most loans is measured on a collective (pool) basis for loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for credit losses for specifically identified loans by evaluating them individually. The specific allowance for collateral-dependent loans that are evaluated individually is measured by determining the fair value of the collateral adjusted for market conditions and selling expense. Factors used in identifying a specific problem loan include: (1) the strength of the customer’s personal or business cash flows; (2) the availability of other sources of repayment; (3) the amount due or past due; (4) the type and value of collateral; (5) the strength of the collateral position; (6) the estimated cost to sell the collateral; and (7) the borrower’s effort to cure the delinquency. In addition, for loans secured by real estate, the Company also considers the extent of any past due and unpaid property taxes applicable to the property serving as collateral on the mortgage. The Company establishes a general allowance for loans that are not individually evaluated to recognize the inherent losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, has not been allocated to particular problem assets. The general valuation allowance is determined by segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks and collecting data to determine pool loss experience. Factors considered by the Company in evaluating the overall adequacy of the allowance include historical net loan losses, the level and composition of nonaccrual, past due and loan modifications for borrowers with financial difficulties, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards or lending practices, lending staff changes, concentrations of credit, industry conditions and the current economic conditions in the region where the Company operates. In addition, a forecast, using reasonable and supportable future conditions, is prepared that is used to estimate expected changes to existing and historical conditions in the current period. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. All loans are graded at inception of the loan. Subsequently, analyses are performed on an annual basis and grade changes are made as necessary. Interim grade reviews may take place if circumstances of the borrower warrant a timelier review. The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company classifies problem and potential problem loans as “Watch,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” and “Loss.” The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass – Watch – Substandard – Doubtful – Loss – charged-off. Risk characteristics applicable to each segment of the loan portfolio are described as follows. Residential One- one- one- Commercial and Multi-family Real Estate: Construction Real Estate: Commercial: Consumer: The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on risk rating category and calendar year of origination as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 (in thousands): December 31, 2024 Risk Rating 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Years Total One- Pass $ 23,928 $ 38,713 $ 48,789 $ 22,362 $ 14,283 $ 29,383 $ 177,458 Watch — — — 61 — — 61 Substandard — — 4 5 — 205 214 Total $ 23,928 $ 38,713 $ 48,793 $ 22,428 $ 14,283 $ 29,588 $ 177,733 Current period recoveries $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ 1 Multi-Family Pass $ 15,031 $ 10,806 $ 44,592 $ 20,107 $ 22,390 $ 16,216 $ 129,142 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 229 229 Total $ 15,031 $ 10,806 $ 44,592 $ 20,107 $ 22,390 $ 16,445 $ 129,371 Current period charge-offs $ — $ (350 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (350 ) Current period recoveries $ — $ 200 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 200 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 18,646 $ 27,152 $ 51,677 $ 30,030 $ 29,594 $ 46,209 $ 203,308 Watch — — — 846 — — 846 Substandard — — — 139 803 252 1,194 Total $ 18,646 $ 27,152 $ 51,677 $ 31,015 $ 30,397 $ 46,461 $ 205,348 Home Equity Line of Credit Pass $ 2,840 $ 2,059 $ 1,524 $ 1,519 $ 692 $ 1,253 $ 9,887 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 2,840 $ 2,059 $ 1,524 $ 1,519 $ 692 $ 1,253 $ 9,887 Construction Pass $ 15,875 $ 12,055 $ 3,250 $ — $ — $ 146 $ 31,326 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 15,875 $ 12,055 $ 3,250 $ — $ — $ 146 $ 31,326 Commercial Business Pass $ 24,535 $ 34,407 $ 7,702 $ 5,423 $ 6,752 $ 7,668 $ 86,487 Watch — 3,487 — 293 — 2,400 6,180 Substandard 21 129 45 — 1,126 54 1,375 Total $ 24,556 $ 38,023 $ 7,747 $ 5,716 $ 7,878 $ 10,122 $ 94,042 Current period charge-offs $ — $ (50 ) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (50 ) Current period recoveries $ — $ 50 $ — $ — $ 59 $ — $ 109 Consumer Pass $ 3,043 $ 1,860 $ 1,217 $ 511 $ 232 $ 43 $ 6,906 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — 20 — — — — 20 Total $ 3,043 $ 1,880 $ 1,217 $ 511 $ 232 $ 43 $ 6,926 Current period charge-offs $ (41 ) $ — $ (1 ) $ — $ — $ — $ (42 ) Current period recoveries $ 13 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 13 Total Loans Pass $ 103,898 $ 127,052 $ 158,751 $ 79,952 $ 73,943 $ 100,918 $ 644,514 Watch — 3,487 — 1,200 — 2,400 7,087 Substandard 21 149 49 144 1,929 740 3,032 Total $ 103,919 $ 130,688 $ 158,800 $ 81,296 $ 75,872 $ 104,058 $ 654,633 June 30, 2024 Risk Rating 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Years Total One- Pass $ 14,790 $ 39,202 $ 51,262 $ 24,362 $ 15,455 $ 31,926 $ 176,997 Watch — — — 72 — — 72 Substandard — 14 5 5 — 170 194 Total $ 14,790 $ 39,216 $ 51,267 $ 24,439 $ 15,455 $ 32,096 $ 177,263 Current period recoveries $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3 $ 3 Multi-Family Pass $ 573 $ 9,004 $ 51,279 $ 20,346 $ 22,728 $ 21,867 $ 125,797 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 234 234 Total $ 573 $ 9,004 $ 51,279 $ 20,346 $ 22,728 $ 22,101 $ 126,031 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 4,602 $ 29,665 $ 57,530 $ 27,622 $ 30,489 $ 48,886 $ 198,794 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 150 821 252 1,223 Total $ 4,602 $ 29,665 $ 57,530 $ 27,772 $ 31,310 $ 49,138 $ 200,017 Home Equity Line of Credit Pass $ 1,629 $ 2,361 $ 1,874 $ 1,806 $ 795 $ 1,394 $ 9,859 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 1,629 $ 2,361 $ 1,874 $ 1,806 $ 795 $ 1,394 $ 9,859 Construction Pass $ 9,123 $ 21,043 $ 3,250 $ — $ — $ 292 $ 33,708 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 9,123 $ 21,043 $ 3,250 $ — $ — $ 292 $ 33,708 Commercial Business Pass $ 10,357 $ 38,853 $ 10,158 $ 9,898 $ 8,201 $ 12,803 $ 90,270 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — 133 47 190 1,088 56 1,514 Total $ 10,357 $ 38,986 $ 10,205 $ 10,088 $ 9,289 $ 12,859 $ 91,784 Current period recoveries $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 242 $ — $ 242 Consumer Pass $ 1,956 $ 2,635 $ 1,830 $ 843 $ 394 $ 69 $ 7,727 Watch — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Total $ 1,956 $ 2,635 $ 1,830 $ 843 $ 394 $ 69 $ 7,727 Current period charge-offs $ (48 ) $ — $ — $ (1 ) $ — $ — $ (49 ) Current period recoveries $ 14 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 14 Total Loans Pass $ 43,030 $ 142,763 $ 177,183 $ 84,877 $ 78,062 $ 117,237 $ 643,152 Watch — — — 72 — — 72 Substandard — 147 52 345 1,909 712 3,165 Total $ 43,030 $ 142,910 $ 177,235 $ 85,294 $ 79,971 $ 117,949 $ 646,389 The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Total Past Due Current Total Loans Total Loans Accruing December 31, 2024: Real estate loans: One- $ 1,347 $ 242 $ 37 $ 1,626 $ 176,107 $ 177,733 $ — Multi-family 25 118 — 143 129,228 129,371 — Commercial 676 — — 676 204,672 205,348 — Home equity lines of credit — — — — 9,887 9,887 — Construction — — — — 31,326 31,326 — Commercial — 49 52 101 93,941 94,042 52 Consumer 34 20 — 54 6,872 6,926 — Total $ 2,082 $ 429 $ 89 $ 2,600 $ 652,033 $ 654,633 $ 52 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Total Past Due Current Total Loans Total Loans Accruing June 30, 2024: Real estate loans: One- $ 1,009 $ 192 $ — $ 1,201 $ 176,062 $ 177,263 $ — Multi-family 141 — — 141 125,890 126,031 — Commercial — — 150 150 199,867 200,017 — Home equity lines of credit 17 25 — 42 9,817 9,859 — Construction 237 — — 237 33,471 33,708 — Commercial 21 20 — 41 91,743 91,784 — Consumer 27 1 23 51 7,676 7,727 — Total $ 1,452 $ 238 $ 173 $ 1,863 $ 644,526 $ 646,389 $ — The allowance for credit losses on most loans is measured on a collective (pool) basis for loans with similar risk characteristics, while some loans are selected to be evaluated individually. At December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, no non-performing The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and of nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for which no allowance was recorded at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024: December 31, 2024 June 30, 2024 Nonaccrual with no Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with no Nonaccrual Mortgages on real estate: One- $ — $ 37 $ — $ — Multi-family — — — — Commercial — 139 — 150 Home equity lines of credit — — — — Construction loans — — — — Commercial business loans — — — — Consumer loans — 20 — — Total $ — $ 196 $ — $ 150 Loan Modifications with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company had no loans for borrowers with financial difficulty in the six months ended December 31, 2024, and two in the year ended June 30, 2024. The following tables show the amortized cost of loans at December 31, 2024 and at June 30, 2024 that were modified and experiencing financial difficulty, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to outstanding loans is also presented below. December 31, 2024 Payment Delay Total Class of Real estate loans One- $ — — Multi-family — — Commercial 252 0.12 % Home equity lines of credit — — Construction — — Commercial business 129 — Consumer — 0.14 % Total $ 381 0.06 % June 30, 2024 Payment Delay Total Class of Real estate loans One- $ — — Multi-family — — Commercial 252 0.13 % Home equity lines of credit — — Construction — — Commercial business 133 0.15 % Consumer — — Total $ 385 0.06 % Loan Modifications with Defaults The Company had no loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in default or in foreclosure as of December 31, 2024 or as of June 30, 2024. The Company defines a default as any loan that becomes 90 days or more past due. Management considers the level of defaults within the various portfolios, as well as the current adverse economic environment and negative outlook in the real estate and collateral markets when evaluating qualitative adjustments used to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. The Company believe the qualitative adjustments more accurately reflect collateral values considering the sales and economic conditions that the Company has recently observed. The Company may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or home equity loan via foreclosure or in-substance |