Arq (ARQ) 10-Q 2020 Q3 Quarterly report

United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________________ 

FORM 10-Q

 ______________________________________  

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-37822

______________________________________  

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

______________________________________   

Delaware	27-5472457
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 210, Greenwood Village, CO	80111
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(720) 598-3500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

______________________________________ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

     Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share	ADES	NASDAQ Global Market

As of October 30, 2020, there were 18,547,887 outstanding shares of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

INDEX

		PAGE
PART I. - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited):
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48
PART II. - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49
Item 1a.	Risk Factors	49
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	50
Item 5.	Other Information	50
Item 6.	Exhibits	51
	Signatures	52

Part I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

	As of
(in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,029	$	12,080
Receivables, net	10,273		7,430
Receivables, related parties	3,626		4,246
Inventories, net	10,419		15,460
Prepaid expenses and other assets	16,888		7,832
Total current assets	56,235		47,048
Restricted cash, long-term	10,000		5,000
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $2,322 and $7,444, respectively	29,823		44,001
Intangible assets, net	2,134		4,169
Equity method investments	22,885		39,155
Deferred tax assets, net	3,371		14,095
Other long-term assets, net	31,206		20,331
Total Assets	$	155,654	$	173,799
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	7,530	$	8,046
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	4,114		3,024
Current portion of long-term debt	24,360		23,932
Other current liabilities	4,102		4,311
Total current liabilities	40,106		39,313
Long-term debt, net of current portion	5,486		20,434
Other long-term liabilities	25,712		5,760
Total Liabilities	71,304		65,507
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock: par value of $.001 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, NaN outstanding	0		0
Common stock: par value of $.001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 23,166,033 and 22,960,157 shares issued, and 18,547,887 and 18,362,624 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	23		23
Treasury stock, at cost: 4,618,146 and 4,597,533 shares as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	(47,692)		(47,533)
Additional paid-in capital	100,005		98,466
Retained earnings	32,014		57,336
Total stockholders’ equity	84,350		108,292
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	155,654	$	173,799

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited) 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Consumables	$	15,844	$	14,748	$	33,231	$	41,243
License royalties, related party	3,627		4,385		9,986		12,796
Total revenues	19,471		19,133		43,217		54,039
Operating expenses:
Consumables cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	15,013		11,939		33,920		38,339
Payroll and benefits	2,285		2,651		8,839		8,005
Legal and professional fees	1,321		2,907		4,386		7,105
General and administrative	1,900		1,984		6,693		5,894
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	1,777		2,043		5,807		4,902
Impairment of long-lived assets	0		0		26,103		0
Total operating expenses	22,296		21,524		85,748		64,245
Operating loss	(2,825)		(2,391)		(42,531)		(10,206)
Other income (expense):
Earnings from equity method investments	9,518		14,426		25,959		57,051
Interest expense	(881)		(1,729)		(3,053)		(5,820)
Other	17		212		208		342
Total other income	8,654		12,909		23,114		51,573
Income (loss) before income tax expense	5,829		10,518		(19,417)		41,367
Income tax expense	854		6,595		1,315		14,928
Net income (loss)	$	4,975	$	3,923	$	(20,732)	$	26,439
Earnings (loss) per common share (Note 1):
Basic	$	0.27	$	0.22	$	(1.15)	$	1.45
Diluted	$	0.27	$	0.21	$	(1.15)	$	1.44
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	18,093		18,112		18,014		18,184
Diluted	18,103		18,339		18,014		18,394

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Treasury Stock
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances, January 1, 2020	22,960,157	$	23	(4,597,533)	$	(47,533)	$	98,466	$	57,336	$	108,292
Stock-based compensation	218,259	—		—	—		506		—		506
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(64,198)	—		—	—		(376)		—		(376)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(4,590)		(4,590)
Repurchase of common shares	—	—		(20,613)	(159)		—		—		(159)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(1,893)		(1,893)
Balances, March 31, 2020	23,114,218	$	23	(4,618,146)	$	(47,692)	$	98,596	$	50,853	$	101,780
Stock-based compensation	(3,549)	—		—	—		1,138		—		1,138
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(384)	—		—	—		(2)		—		(2)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(23,814)		(23,814)
Balances, June 30, 2020	23,110,285	$	23	(4,618,146)	$	(47,692)	$	99,732	$	27,039	$	79,102
Stock-based compensation	87,701	—		—	—		426		—		426
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(31,953)	—		—	—		(153)		—		(153)
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		4,975		4,975
Balances, September 30, 2020	23,166,033	$	23	(4,618,146)	$	(47,692)	$	100,005	$	32,014	$	84,350

3

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Treasury Stock
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances, January 1, 2019	22,640,677	$	23	(4,064,188)	$	(41,740)	$	96,750	$	12,914	$	67,947
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	—	—		—	—		—		28,817		28,817
Stock-based compensation	218,465	—		—	—		317		—		317
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(22,707)	—		—	—		(245)		—		(245)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(4,629)		(4,629)
Repurchase of common shares	—	—		(63,876)	(693)		—		—		(693)
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		14,402		14,402
Balances, March 31, 2019	22,836,435	$	23	(4,128,064)	$	(42,433)	$	96,822	$	51,504	$	105,916
Stock-based compensation	31,715	—		—	—		541		—		541
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(745)	—		—	—		(9)		—		(9)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(4,663)		(4,663)
Repurchase of common shares	—	—		(184,715)	(2,138)		—		—		(2,138)
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		8,114		8,114
Balances, June 30, 2019	22,867,405	$	23	(4,312,779)	$	(44,571)	$	97,354	$	54,955	$	107,761
Stock-based compensation	22,305	—		—	—		468		—		468
Stock issued from exercise of stock options	25,820	—		—	—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(101)	—		—	—		(116)		—		(116)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	—	—		—	—		—		(4,641)		(4,641)
Repurchase of common shares	—	—		(8,152)	(95)		—		—		(95)
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		3,923		3,923
Balances, September 30, 2019	22,915,429	$	23	(4,320,931)	$	(44,666)	$	97,706	$	54,237	$	107,300

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(20,732)	$	26,439
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax expense	10,724		10,634
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	5,807		4,902
Impairment of long-lived assets	26,103		0
Operating lease expense	3,130		2,371
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	1,064		1,324
Stock-based compensation expense	2,070		1,326
Earnings from equity method investments	(25,959)		(57,051)
Other non-cash items, net	45		697
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables and related party receivables	(1,331)		2,685
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(9,056)		(440)
Inventories, net	4,688		4,566
Other long-term assets, net	(1,908)		(43)
Accounts payable	(1,123)		1,010
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	1,089		(4,386)
Other current liabilities	(220)		(278)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,678)		(2,435)
Other long-term liabilities	(23)		(529)
Distributions from equity method investees, return on investment	42,228		56,806
Net cash provided by operating activities	34,918		47,598
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of business	0		(661)
Acquisition of property, plant, equipment, and intangible assets, net	(4,879)		(6,430)
Mine development costs	(723)		(2,083)
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,602)		(9,174)
Cash flows from financing activities
Principal payments on term loan	(18,000)		(24,000)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(1,026)		(1,016)
Dividends paid	(4,956)		(13,729)
Repurchase of common shares	(159)		(2,926)
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy tax withholdings	(531)		(370)
Borrowings from Paycheck Protection Program Loan	3,305		0
Net cash used in financing activities	(21,367)		(42,041)
Increase (decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	7,949		(3,617)
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, beginning of period	17,080		23,772
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, end of period	$	25,029	$	20,155
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment through accounts payable	$	446	$	0
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment through finance lease	$	158	$	0
Dividends payable	$	47	$	204

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. ("ADES" or the "Company") is a Delaware corporation with its principal office located in Greenwood Village, Colorado and operations located in Louisiana. The Company is principally engaged in the sale of consumable air and water treatment options including activated carbon ("AC") and chemical technologies. The Company's proprietary environmental technologies in the power generation and industrial ("PGI") market enable customers to reduce emissions of mercury and other pollutants, maximize utilization levels and improve operating efficiencies to meet the challenges of existing and pending emission control regulations. Through its wholly-owned subsidiary, ADA Carbon Solutions, LLC ("Carbon Solutions"), which the Company acquired on December 7, 2018 (the "Acquisition Date"), the Company manufactures and sells AC used to capture and remove contaminants for coal-fired power plants and industrial and water treatment markets. Carbon Solutions also owns an associated lignite mine that supplies the primary raw material for manufacturing AC.

Through its equity ownership in Tinuum Group, LLC ("Tinuum Group") and Tinuum Services, LLC ("Tinuum Services"), both of which are unconsolidated entities, the Company generates substantial earnings. Tinuum Group provides reduction of mercury and nitrogen oxide ("NOx") emissions at select coal-fired power generators through the production and sale of refined coal ("RC") that qualifies for tax credits under the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Section 45 - Production Tax Credit ("Section 45 tax credits"). The Company also earns royalties for technologies that are licensed to Tinuum Group and used at certain RC facilities to enhance combustion and reduced emissions of NOx and mercury from coal burned to generate electrical power. Tinuum Services operates and maintains the RC facilities under operating and maintenance agreements with Tinuum Group and owners or lessees of the RC facilities.

The Company’s sales occur principally in the United States. See Note 18 for additional information regarding the Company's operating segments.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of ADES are unaudited and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and with Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In compliance with those instructions, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of ADES in this quarterly report ("Quarterly Report") are presented on a consolidated basis and include ADES and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company"). Also included within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are the Company's unconsolidated equity investments: Tinuum Group, Tinuum Services and GWN Manager, LLC ("GWN Manager"), which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and Highview Enterprises Limited (the "Highview Investment"), which is accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP applicable to equity investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting.

Results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts were eliminated in consolidation for all periods presented in this Quarterly Report.

In the opinion of management, these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of ADES should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the "2019 Form 10-K"). Significant accounting policies disclosed therein have not changed, except as described later in Note 1.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings (loss) per share for common stock and any participating securities according to dividend and participating rights in undistributed earnings (losses). The Company's restricted stock awards ("RSA's") granted prior to December 31, 2016 contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents and are deemed to be participating securities. RSA's granted subsequent to December 31, 2016 do not contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and are not deemed to be participating securities.

Under the two-class method, net income for the period is allocated between common stockholders and the holders of the participating securities based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding

6

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

participating, unvested RSA's ("common shares"), and the weighted-average number of participating, unvested RSA's outstanding during the period, respectively. The allocated, undistributed income for the period is then divided by the weighted-average number of common shares and participating, unvested RSA's outstanding during the period to arrive at basic earnings per common share and participating security for the period, respectively. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, the Company has elected not to separately present basic or diluted earnings per share attributable to participating securities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed in a manner consistent with that of basic earnings per share, while considering other potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities consist of both unvested, participating and non-participating RSA's, as well as outstanding options to purchase common stock ("Stock Options") and contingent performance stock units ("PSU's") (collectively, "Potential dilutive shares"). The dilutive effect, if any, for non-participating RSA's, Stock Options and PSU's is determined using the greater of dilution as calculated under the treasury stock method or the two-class method. Potential dilutive shares are excluded from diluted earnings per share when their effect is anti-dilutive. When there is a net loss for a period, all Potential dilutive shares are anti-dilutive and are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for that period.

The following table sets forth the calculations of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)	$	4,975	$	3,923	$	(20,732)	$	26,439
Less: Dividends and undistributed income (loss) allocated to participating securities	0		5		(10)		37
Income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	4,975	$	3,918	$	(20,722)	$	26,402
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	18,093		18,112		18,014		18,184
Add: dilutive effect of equity instruments	10		227		0		210
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	18,103		18,339		18,014		18,394
Earnings (loss) per share - basic	$	0.27	$	0.22	$	(1.15)	$	1.45
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted	$	0.27	$	0.21	$	(1.15)	$	1.44

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, RSA's and Stock Options convertible to 0.5 million and 0.9 million, and 0.3 million and 0.3 million shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. There have been no changes in the Company’s critical accounting estimates from those that were disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K except for assumptions regarding impairment of long-lived assets and the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in an asset acquisition. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Due to the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. Additionally, due to COVID-19, overall power generation and coal-fired power demand may change, which could also have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance due to COVID-19 that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying values of its assets or liabilities through the date of this Quarterly Report. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s earnings are significantly affected by equity earnings it receives from Tinuum Group. As of September 30, 2020, Tinuum Group has 21 invested RC facilities of which 9 are leased to a single customer. A majority of these leases are periodically renewed. Further, the ability to generate Section 45 tax credits related to Tinuum's RC facilities expires in 2021. The loss of a single customer by Tinuum Group or the expiration of Section 45 tax credits would have a significant adverse impact on Tinuum Group's financial position, results of operations and cash flows, which in turn would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

7

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company's revenues, sales volumes, earnings and cash flows are significantly affected by prices of competing power generation sources such as natural gas and renewable energy. Low natural gas prices make it a competitive alternative to coal-fired power generation and therefore, coal consumption may be reduced, which reduces the demand for our products. In addition, coal consumption and demand for our products is also affected by the demand for electricity, which is higher in the warmer and colder months of the year. Abnormal temperatures during the summer and winter months may significantly reduce coal consumption and thus the demand for the Company's products.

Reclassifications

Certain balances have been reclassified from the prior year to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position in any of the periods presented.

New Accounting Standards

Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). The main objective of ASU 2016-13 is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. To achieve this objective, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for "smaller reporting companies" (as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission) for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those years, and must be adopted under a modified retrospective method approach. Entities may adopt ASU 2016-13 earlier as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance and assessing its impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures and does not believe this standard will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). The amendments in ASU 2019-12 simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions contained in Topic 740 and also clarify and amends existing guidance in Topic 740 to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public business entities beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance and assessing its impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures and does not believe this standard will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

Note 2 - Customer Supply Agreement

On September 30, 2020, the Company and Cabot Norit Americas, Inc., ("Cabot") entered into a supply agreement (the "Supply Agreement") pursuant to which the Company agrees to sell and deliver to Cabot, and Cabot agrees to purchase and accept from the Company certain lignite-based AC products ("Furnace Products"). The term of the Supply Agreement is for 15 years with 10-year renewal terms that are automatic unless either party provides three years prior notice of intention not to renew before the end of any term.

In addition to the sale by the Company and purchase by Cabot of Furnace Products, the Company and Cabot have agreed to additional terms whereby Cabot will reimburse the Company for certain capital expenditures incurred by the Company that are necessary to manufacture the Furnace Products. Reimbursements will be in the form of revenues earned from capital expenditures incurred that will benefit both the Company and Cabot (referred to as "Shared Capital") and capital expenditures incurred that will benefit Cabot exclusively (referred to as "Specific Capital"). Both the Company and Cabot must mutually agree with all Shared Capital and Specific Capital expenditures that are necessary to support operational needs in advance of procurement and commissioning.

Revenues will be earned on Shared Capital ("Shared Capital revenues") based on the percentage of Furnace Products produced and sold divided by the Company’s total products produced and sold multiplied by a mutually agreed to factor, which is based on the cost of Shared Capital assets placed in service amortized as an annuity over the expected asset life (lives) with interest at a rate that was mutually agreed to by both the Company and Cabot. Shared Capital revenues are recognized and billable beginning on the first day of a half year (either January 1 or July 1 of a calendar year) following the placed in service date of a Shared Capital asset(s).

Revenues will be earned on Specific Capital ("Specific Capital revenues") and are based on a mutually agreed to factor, which is based on the cost of Specific Capital assets placed in service amortized as an annuity over five years with interest at a rate

8

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

that was mutually agreed to by both the Company and Cabot. Specific Capital revenues are recognized beginning on the first day of a half year (either January 1 or July 1 of a calendar year) following the placed in service date of a Specific Capital asset(s) and are billable in quarterly installments beginning on the first day of a half year following the placed in service date of a Specific Capital asset(s). In the event that Cabot ceases to make purchases under the Supply Agreement, Cabot is obligated to pay the balance of any outstanding payments for Specific Capital.

Note 3 - Acquisition of Marshall Mine

Concurrently with the execution of the Supply Agreement, on September 30, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase (the "Purchase Agreement") from Cabot 100% of the membership interests in Marshall Mine, LLC (the "Marshall Mine Acquisition") for a nominal purchase price. Marshall Mine, LLC owns a lignite mine located outside of Marshall, Texas (the "Marshall Mine"). The Company independently determined to immediately commence activities to shutter the Marshall Mine and will incur the associated reclamation costs.

In conjunction with the execution of the Supply Agreement and the Purchase Agreement, on September 30, 2020, the Company entered into a reclamation contract (the "Reclamation Contract") with a third party that provides a capped cost, subject to certain contingencies, in the amount of approximately $19.7 million plus an obligation to pay certain direct costs of approximately $3.6 million (collectively, the "Reclamation Costs") over the estimated reclamation period of 10 years (the "Reclamation Period"). Under the terms of the Supply Agreement, Cabot is obligated to reimburse the Company for $10.2 million of Reclamation Costs (the "Reclamation Reimbursements"), which are payable semi-annually over 13 years and inclusive of interest. In the event that Cabot has a change in control as described in the Supply Agreement, all outstanding balances of the Reclamation Reimbursements shall be due and payable in full. See further discussion of the Reclamation Costs and Reclamation Reimbursements in Note 4.

The Marshall Mine Acquisition included the acquisition of certain assets that will be consumed and the assumption of certain liabilities that will be paid in reclamation of the Marshall Mine in addition to the incurrence of an obligation for the Reclamation Costs. The Company determined that the Marshall Mine Acquisition should be treated as an asset acquisition as it did not meet the definition of a business. That is, the Company concluded that the Marshall Mine does not have any economic reserves, as the Company has commenced full reclamation as of September 30, 2020, and therefore lacks inputs.

As the Marshall Mine Acquisition represents a transaction with a customer of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Cabot, the Company has accounted for the excess of the fair value of liabilities assumed over assets acquired as upfront consideration transferred to a customer, Cabot (the "Upfront Customer Consideration"). The amount of the Upfront Customer Consideration is also recognized net of an additional asset recognized in the Marshall Mine Acquisition, which is comprised of a receivable from Cabot (the "Cabot Receivable") for the Reclamation Reimbursements. The Cabot Receivable is further discussed in Note 4.

The total Upfront Customer Consideration will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected 15-year contractual period of the Supply Agreement as a reduction to revenue.

The Company paid a nominal amount to Cabot in the form of cash for the Marshall Mine; in addition, the Company assumed liabilities whose fair value exceeded the fair value of assets acquired. The net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, followed by the Cabot Receivable, and the excess of fair value of liabilities acquired over assets assumed and recognized as the Upfront Customer Consideration is as follows (in thousands), as of the transaction date of September 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Amount
Assets acquired:
Property, plant and equipment	$	3,863
Spare parts	100
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(673)
Asset retirement obligation	(21,328)
Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Marshall Mine acquisition	(18,038)
Cabot receivable	9,749
Upfront Customer Consideration	$	8,289

9

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company also evaluated the Marshall Mine entity as a potential variable interest entity ("VIE"), and determined that because of its structure and closing-stage status, it does not have sufficient equity at-risk and would not likely be able to obtain additional subordinated financial support to complete its closing stage obligations. The Company purchased all of the membership interests in Marshall Mine, LLC and has determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary. Therefore, Marshall Mine, LLC has been determined to be a VIE and Marshall Mine, LLC’s assets and liabilities have been consolidated as of September 30, 2020.

Note 4 - Marshall Mine Asset Retirement Obligation and related Cabot Receivable

Asset Retirement Obligation

In connection with the Supply Agreement, Purchase Agreement and the Reclamation Contract, the Company assumed the obligation to reclaim and restore the land associated with the Marshall Mine. The Company determined that the Marshall Mine does not have any remaining economic reserves. As of September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an asset retirement obligation (the "Marshall Mine ARO") for the total Reclamation Costs of $21.3 million as measured at the expected future cash flows of $23.7 million, inclusive of contingency costs, discounted to their present value using a discount rate based on a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate of 7.0%.

Cabot Receivable

As previously disclosed, under the terms of the related Supply Agreement, Cabot is obligated to pay Reclamation Reimbursements to the Company for $10.2 million of the Reclamation Costs, inclusive of interest. As of September 30, 2020, the Company recorded the Cabot Receivable for the Reclamation Reimbursements at its estimated fair value, which is measured using a discounted cash flows valuation model that considers the estimated credit risk associated with the obligor’s (Cabot’s) future performance. Interest will be accreted on a monthly basis and recognized as interest income. There were no significant related fees or costs associated with the Cabot Receivable.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company recorded the Cabot Receivable at its estimated fair value of $9.7 million, reflecting a discount rate of approximately 1.5% or $0.5 million. Allowances for this asset are assessed periodically, and 0 allowance was deemed necessary as of September 30, 2020.

Surety Bond

As the owner of the Marshall Mine, the Company is required to post a surety bond to ensure performance of its reclamation activities. On September 30, 2020, the Company and a third party entered into a surety bond indemnification agreement (the "Surety Agreement") pursuant to which the Company secured and posted a $30.0 million surety bond (the "Bond") with the local regulatory agency. The Bond will remain in place until the Marshall Mine is fully reclaimed, and it may be reduced in amount from time to time as the Company progresses with its reclamation activities. For the obligations due under the Reclamation Contract, the Company was required to post collateral of $5.0 million dollars as of September 30, 2020 and an additional $5.0 million dollars as of March 31, 2021.

Note 5 - Impairment

As part of its periodic review of the carrying value of long-lived assets, the Company assessed its long-lived assets for potential impairment. In assessing impairment of its PGI segment's and certain other long-lived asset groups, the Company considered factors such as the significant decline in both the PGI segment's trailing twelve months revenues and current and future years’ forecasted revenues. These factors are largely due to the significant drop in coal-fired power dispatch that began in 2019 amid historically low prices of alternative power generation sources such as natural gas leading to an increase in natural gas usage as well as other competing energy sources.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company completed an undiscounted cash flow analysis of its PGI segment's and certain other long-lived assets (the "Asset Group"), which are comprised of its manufacturing plant and related assets and its lignite mine assets, and estimated the undiscounted cash flows from the Asset Group at $54.7 million, which was less than the carrying value of the Asset Group of $58.3 million. Accordingly, the Company completed an assessment of the Asset Group’s fair value and estimated the fair value of the Asset Group at $32.2 million. This resulted in an impairment and write-down of the Asset Group (the "Impairment Charge") of $26.1 million as of June 30, 2020, which is reflected as "Impairment of long-lived assets" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Impairment Charge was allocated to the PGI segment and Other in the amounts of $23.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

10

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the allocation to the Asset Group of the Impairment Charge of $26.1 million recorded as of June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	18,986
Intangible assets, net	1,445
Other long-term assets, net	5,672
Total impairment	$	26,103

The Company engaged an independent third party to perform the valuation of the Asset Group in order to determine the estimated fair value of the Asset Group. This valuation was based on the use of several established valuation models including an expected future discounted cash flow model using Level 3 inputs under ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurement. The cash flows are those expected to be generated by market participants discounted at the risk-free rate of interest. Because of the continued future uncertainty surrounding the level of coal-fired dispatch, the impact of historically low natural gas prices and other estimates impacting the expected future cash flow, it is reasonably possible that the expected future cash flows may change in the near term and may result in the Company recording additional impairment of the Asset Group.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company determined that there was 0 additional impairment of the Asset Group.

Note 6 - COVID-19

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, in March 2020, the federal government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The CARES Act provided, among other things, the creation of the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), which is sponsored and administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA").

On April 20, 2020, the Company entered into a loan (the "PPP Loan") under the PPP, evidenced by a promissory note, with BOK, NA dba Bank of Oklahoma ("BOK") providing for $3.3 million in proceeds, which was funded to the Company on April 21, 2020. The PPP Loan matures April 21, 2022 and provides for 18 monthly payments of principal and interest commencing on November 21, 2020. The interest rate on the PPP Loan is 1.00%. The PPP Loan is unsecured and contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false and misleading representations to the SBA or BOK, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the repayment of all amounts outstanding, collection of all amounts owing from the Company, or filing suit and obtaining judgment against the Company. The PPP Loan principal may be forgiven subject to the terms of the PPP and approval by the SBA.

The Company recorded the PPP Loan as a debt obligation under the guidance of ASC 470 - Debt and will accrue interest over the 18-month term of the PPP Loan beginning November 21, 2020.

The CARES Act also provided the deferral of payroll tax payments for all payroll taxes incurred through December 31, 2020. The Company elected to defer payments of payroll taxes for the periods allowed under the CARES Act and will repay 50% by December 31, 2021 and 50% by December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has deferred $0.3 million of payroll tax payments under the CARES Act.

Note 7 - Equity Method Investments

Tinuum Group, LLC

The Company's ownership interest in Tinuum Group was 42.5% as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Tinuum Group supplies technology equipment and technical services at select coal-fired generators, but its primary purpose is to put into operation facilities that produce and sell RC that lower emissions and also qualify for Section 45 tax credits. Tinuum Group has been determined to be a VIE; however, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Tinuum Group's economic performance and has therefore accounted for the investment under the equity method of accounting. The Company determined that the voting partners of Tinuum Group have identical voting rights, equity control interests and board control interests, and therefore, concluded that the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Tinuum Group's economic performance was shared.

11

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the results of operations of Tinuum Group:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Gross profit	$	101	$	16,810	$	11,979	$	96,189
Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses	13,781		11,076		38,476		23,421
(Loss) income from operations	(13,680)		5,734		(26,497)		72,768
Other income (expenses)	5,739		(450)		11,526		(427)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	25,023		22,355		63,117		51,022
Net income available to members	$	17,082	$	27,639	$	48,146	$	123,363
ADES equity earnings from Tinuum Group	$	7,260	$	11,746	$	20,462	$	50,757

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized its pro-rata share of Tinuum Group's net income available to its members for the respective period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized its pro-rata share of Tinuum Group's net income available to its members for the period, less the amount necessary to recover the cumulative earnings short-fall balance as of the end of the immediately preceding period, which was December 31, 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the difference between the Company's proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income available to members (at its equity interest of 42.5%) and the Company's earnings from its Tinuum Group equity method investment as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations relates to the Company receiving distributions in excess of the carrying value of the equity investment, and therefore recognizing such excess distributions as equity method earnings in the period the distributions occur.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized equity earnings from Tinuum Group of $7.3 million and $20.5 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized equity earnings from Tinuum Group of $11.7 million and $50.8 million, respectively.

The following tables present the Company's investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions in excess of the investment balance, if any, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Description	Date(s)	Investment balance		ADES equity earnings		Cash distributions		Memorandum Account: Cash distributions and equity earnings in (excess) of investment balance
Beginning balance	12/31/2019	$	32,280	$	0	$	0	$	0
ADES proportionate share of income from Tinuum Group	First Quarter	6,438		6,438		0		0
Cash distributions from Tinuum Group	First Quarter	(13,764)		0		13,764		0
Total investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions	3/31/2020	$	24,954	$	6,438	$	13,764	$	0
ADES proportionate share of income from Tinuum Group	Second Quarter	$	6,764	$	6,764	$	0	$	0
Cash distributions from Tinuum Group	Second Quarter	(13,600)		0		13,600		0
Total investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions	6/30/2020	$	18,118	$	6,764	$	13,600	$	0
ADES proportionate share of income from Tinuum Group	Third Quarter	$	7,260	$	7,260	$	0	$	0
Cash distributions from Tinuum Group	Third Quarter	(7,862)		0		7,862		0
Total investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions	9/30/2020	$	17,516	$	7,260	$	7,862	$	0

12

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Description	Date(s)	Investment balance		ADES equity earnings (loss)		Cash distributions		Memorandum Account: Cash distributions and equity earnings in (excess) of investment balance
Beginning balance	12/31/2018	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	(1,672)
Impact of adoption of accounting standards (1)	First Quarter	37,232		0		0		0
ADES proportionate share of income from Tinuum Group	First Quarter	21,439		21,439		0		0
Recovery of prior cash distributions in excess of investment balance (prior to cash distributions)	First Quarter	(1,672)		(1,672)		0		1,672
Cash distributions from Tinuum Group	First Quarter	(16,788)		0		16,788		0
Total investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions	3/31/2019	$	40,211	$	19,767	$	16,788	$	0
ADES proportionate share of income from Tinuum Group	Second Quarter	$	19,244	$	19,244	$	0	$	0
Cash distributions from Tinuum Group	Second Quarter	(17,000)		0		17,000		0
Total investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions	6/30/2019	$	42,455	$	19,244	$	17,000	$	0
ADES proportionate share of income from Tinuum Group	Third Quarter	$	11,746	$	11,746	$	0	$	0
Cash distributions from Tinuum Group	Third Quarter	(16,468)		0		16,468		0
Total investment balance, equity earnings and cash distributions	9/30/2019	$	37,733	$	11,746	$	16,468	$	0

(1) Tinuum Group adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC") 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers and ASC 842 - Leases as of January 1, 2019. As a result of Tinuum Group’s adoption of these standards, the Company recorded a cumulative adjustment of $27.4 million, net of the impact of income taxes, related to the Company's percentage of Tinuum Group's cumulative effect adjustment, which increased the Company's Retained earnings as of January 1, 2019.

Tinuum Services, LLC

The Company has a 50% voting and economic interest in Tinuum Services. The Company has determined that Tinuum Services is not a VIE and has further evaluated it for consolidation under the voting interest model. Because the Company does not own greater than 50% of the outstanding voting shares, either directly or indirectly, it has accounted for its investment in Tinuum Services under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investment in Tinuum Services as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $5.3 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the results of operations of Tinuum Services:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Gross loss	$	(22,764)	$	(27,834)	$	(65,441)	$	(77,761)
Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses	42,435		51,927		131,703		151,789
Loss from operations	(65,199)		(79,761)		(197,144)		(229,550)
Other income (expenses)	(363)		(460)		(978)		(1,018)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	70,075		85,586		209,118		243,163
Net income	$	4,513	$	5,365	$	10,996	$	12,595
ADES equity earnings from Tinuum Services	$	2,257	$	2,682	$	5,498	$	6,297

Included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations of Tinuum Services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were losses related to VIE's of Tinuum Services. These losses do not impact the Company's equity

13

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

earnings from Tinuum Services as 100% of those losses are attributable to a noncontrolling interest and eliminated in the calculations of Tinuum Services' net income attributable to the Company's interest.

The following table details the components of the Company's respective equity method investments included in the Earnings from equity method investments line item on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Earnings from Tinuum Group	$	7,260	$	11,746	$	20,462	$	50,757
Earnings from Tinuum Services	2,257		2,682		5,498		6,297
Earnings (loss) from other	1		(2)		(1)		(3)
Earnings from equity method investments	$	9,518	$	14,426	$	25,959	$	57,051

The following table details the components of the cash distributions from the Company's respective equity method investments included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Distributions from equity method investees are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as "Distributions from equity method investees, return on investment" within Operating cash flows.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Distributions from equity method investees, return on investment
Tinuum Group	$	35,226	$	50,256
Tinuum Services	7,002		6,550
	$	42,228	$	56,806

Note 8 - Acquisition

As described in Note 1, on the Acquisition Date, the Company completed the acquisition of Carbon Solutions (the "Carbon Solutions Acquisition") for a total purchase price of $75.0 million (the "Purchase Price"). The fair value of the purchase consideration totaled $66.5 million, less cash acquired of $3.3 million, and the assumption of debt and contractual commitments of $11.8 million. The Company also paid $4.5 million in acquisition-related costs (or transaction costs). The Company funded the cash consideration from cash on hand and the proceeds from the Term Loan and Security Agreement (the "Senior Term Loan") in the principal amount of $70.0 million, as more fully described in Note 10.

14

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation. Subsequent to the Acquisition Date, the Company completed additional analysis and adjustments were made to the preliminary purchase price allocations as noted in the table below:

Fair value of assets acquired:	As Originally Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted
Cash	$	3,284	$	0	$	3,284
Receivables	6,409		0		6,409
Inventories	22,100		(356)		21,744
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,992		61		3,053
Spare parts	3,359		0		3,359
Property, plant and equipment	43,033		(377)		42,656
Mine leases and development	2,500		200		2,700
Mine reclamation asset	0		2,402		2,402
Intangible assets	4,000		100		4,100
Other assets	168		0		168
Amount attributable to assets acquired	87,845		2,030		89,875
Fair value of liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	4,771		0		4,771
Accrued liabilities	7,354		254		7,608
Equipment lease liabilities	8,211		0		8,211
Mine reclamation liability	626		1,776		2,402
Other liabilities	437		0		437
Amount attributable to liabilities assumed	21,399		2,030		23,429
Net assets acquired	$	66,446	$	0	$	66,446

Adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation primarily related to changes in fair values assigned to property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, mine reclamation liability and the related mine reclamation asset as a result of the final valuation report from the Company's third-party valuation firm issued in May 2019. During the three months ended June 30, 2019 based on new information of facts and circumstances that existed as of the Acquisition Date, the Company revised its estimates used as of the Acquisition Date related to the net realizable value of certain finished goods inventory items as well as values assigned to certain prepaid and accrued expense items.

The following table represents the intangible assets, as adjusted for purchase price adjustments noted above, identified as part of the Carbon Solutions Acquisition:

(in thousands)	Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Customer relationships	$	2,200	5
Developed technology	1,600		5
Trade name	300		2
Total intangibles acquired	$	4,100

Refer to Note 5 regarding subsequent impairment taken on the long-lived assets acquired above.

15

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 9 - Inventories, net

The following table summarizes the Company's inventories recorded at the lower of average cost or net realizable value as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Product inventory	$	9,535	$	13,515
Raw material inventory	884		1,945
	$	10,419	$	15,460

Note 10 - Debt Obligations

	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Senior Term Loan due December 2021, related party	$	22,000	$	40,000
Less: net unamortized debt issuance costs	(640)		(1,163)
Less: net unamortized debt discount	(660)		(1,200)
Senior Term Loan due December 2021, net	20,700		37,637
Finance lease obligations	5,841		6,729
PPP Loan	3,305		0
	29,846		44,366
Less: Current maturities	(24,360)		(23,932)
Total long-term debt	$	5,486	$	20,434

Senior Term Loan

On December 7, 2018, the Company, and ADA-ES, Inc. ("ADA"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, and certain other subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, The Bank of New York Mellon as administrative agent, and Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd and Apollo A-N Credit Fund (Delaware) L.P. (collectively "Apollo"), affiliates of a beneficial owner of greater than 5 percent of the Company's common stock and a related party, entered into the Senior Term Loan in the amount of $70.0 million less original issue discount of $2.1 million. Proceeds from the Senior Term Loan were used to fund the Carbon Solutions Acquisition as disclosed in Note 8. The Company also paid debt issuance costs of $2.0 million related to the Senior Term Loan. The Senior Term Loan has a term of 36 months and bears interest at a rate equal to 3-month LIBOR (subject to a 1.5% floor) + 4.75% per annum, which is adjusted quarterly to the current 3-month LIBOR rate, and interest is payable quarterly in arrears. Quarterly principal payments of $6.0 million were required beginning in March 2019, and the Company may prepay the Senior Term Loan at any time without penalty. The Senior Term Loan is secured by substantially all the assets of the Company, including the cash flows from Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services (collectively, the "Tinuum Entities"), but excluding the Company's equity interests in the Tinuum entities.

The Senior Term Loan includes, among others, the following covenants: (1) Beginning December 31, 2018 and as of the end of each fiscal quarter thereafter, the Company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $5.0 million and shall not permit "expected future net cash flows from the refined coal business" (as defined in the Senior Term Loan) to be less than 1.75 times the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Term Loan; (2) Beginning in January 2019, annual collective dividends and buybacks of Company shares in an aggregate amount, not to exceed $30.0 million, is permitted so long as (a) no default or event of default exists under the Senior Term Loan and (b) expected future net cash flows from the refined coal business as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter exceed $100.0 million.

Waiver and Limited Consent on Senior Term Loan

Pursuant to entering into the PPP Loan, on April 20, 2020, the Company and Apollo executed the First Amendment to the Senior Term Loan, which permitted the Company to enter into the PPP Loan.

On September 30, 2020, the Company and Apollo entered into a limited consent, which permitted the Company to (i) enter into the Surety Agreement, open the collateral bank accounts and post collateral required under the Surety Agreement, and (ii) acquire the membership interests in Marshall Mine, LLC., as described in Note 3.

16

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Line of Credit

On September 29, 2020, ADA-ES, Inc. ("ADA"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as borrower, the Company, as guarantor, and a bank (the "Lender") entered into an amendment to the 2013 Loan and Security Agreement (the "Line of Credit"). This amendment extended the maturity date of the Line of Credit to March 31, 2021 and retained covenants from the prior amendments to the Line of Credit, which included ADA's ability to enter into the Senior Term Loan as a guarantor so long as the principal amount of the Senior Term Loan did not exceed $70.0 million and the revision of covenants that were consistent with the Senior Term Loan covenants, including maintaining a minimum cash balance of $5.0 million.

As of September 30, 2020, there were 0 outstanding borrowings under the Line of Credit.

Note 11 - Leases

As of September 30, 2020, the Company has obligations under finance and operating leases in the amounts of $5.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has right of use ("ROU") assets, net of accumulated amortization, under finance leases and operating leases of $2.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

Finance leases

ROU assets under finance leases and finance lease liabilities are included in Property, plant and equipment and Current portion and Long-term portion of borrowings, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020. and December 31, 2019. Interest expense related to finance lease liabilities and amortization of ROU assets under finance leases are included in Interest expense and Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019.

Operating leases

ROU assets under operating leases and operating lease liabilities are included in Other long-term assets and Other liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Lease expense for operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of which $1.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively, is included in Consumables - cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, and $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, is included in General and administrative in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Lease expense for operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of which $1.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively, is included in Consumables - cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, is included in General and administrative in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

17

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Lease financial information as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is provided in the following table:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020			2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	258	$	1,277	$	1,237		$	2,371
Interest on lease liabilities	88		82		275			270
Operating lease cost	412		908		1,941			2,764
Short-term lease cost	671		198		1,377			558
Variable lease cost (1)	10		52		147			227
Total lease cost	$	1,439	$	2,517	$	4,977		$	6,190
Other Information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases					$	275		$	270
Operating cash flows from operating leases					$	1,678		$	2,435
Financing cash flows from finance leases					$	1,026		$	1,016
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities					$	158		$	0
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities					$	59		$	1,309
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases					3.7 years			4.4 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases					2.0 years			2.5 years
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases					6.1		%	6.1		%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases					8.5		%	8.6		%

(1) Primarily includes common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance payable to lessors.

Note 12 - Revenues

Trade receivables represent an unconditional right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to a customer. The Company invoices its customers in accordance with the terms of the contract. Credit terms are generally net 30 from the date of invoice. The timing between the satisfaction of performance obligations and when payment is due from the customer is generally not significant. The Company records allowances for doubtful trade receivables when it is probable that the balances will not be collected.

Trade receivables, net

The following table shows the components of the Company's Trade receivables, net:

	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade receivables	$	9,950	$	8,057
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	(598)		(627)
Trade receivables, net	$	9,352	$	7,430

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized 0 bad debt expense, respectively.

18

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Upfront Customer Consideration

As described in Note 3, as of September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an asset of $8.3 million representing upfront consideration transferred to a customer in connection with the Supply Agreement. The amount is included in Other long-term assets, net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020.

Disaggregation of Revenue and Earnings from Equity Method Investments

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, all performance obligations related to revenues recognized were satisfied at a point in time. The Company disaggregates its revenues by major components as well as between its 2 reportable segments, which are further discussed in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The following tables disaggregate revenues by major component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Segment								Segment
	PGI		RC		Other		Total		PGI		RC		Other		Total
Revenue component
Consumables	$	13,442	$	0	$	2,402	$	15,844	$	28,987	$	0	$	4,244	$	33,231
License royalties, related party	0		3,627		0		3,627		0		9,986		0		9,986
Revenues from customers	13,442		3,627		2,402		19,471		28,987		9,986		4,244		43,217
Earnings from equity method investments	0		9,518		0		9,518		0		25,959		0		25,959
Total revenues from customers and earnings from equity method investments	$	13,442	$	13,145	$	2,402	$	28,989	$	28,987	$	35,945	$	4,244	$	69,176

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Segment								Segment
	PGI		RC		Other		Total		PGI		RC		Other		Total
Revenue component
Consumables	$	14,010	$	0	$	738	$	14,748	$	39,612	$	0	$	1,631	$	41,243
License royalties, related party	0		4,385		0		4,385		0		12,796		0		12,796
Revenues from customers	14,010		4,385		738		19,133		39,612		12,796		1,631		54,039
Earnings from equity method investments	0		14,426		0		14,426		0		57,051		0		57,051
Total revenues from customers and earnings from equity method investments	$	14,010	$	18,811	$	738	$	33,559	$	39,612	$	69,847	$	1,631	$	111,090

Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is from time to time subject to, and is presently involved in, various pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings, including those that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes, the financial impacts of which are not predictable with assurance and that may not be known for extended periods of time. The Company records a liability in its consolidated financial statements for costs related to claims, settlements, and judgments where management has assessed that a loss is probable and an amount can be reasonably estimated. There were no significant legal proceedings as of September 30, 2020.

19

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Restricted Cash

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had long-term restricted cash of $10.0 million, which consisted of minimum cash balance requirements of $5.0 million and $5.0 million under the Senior Term Loan and the Surety Agreement related to the Marshall Mine, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had long-term restricted cash of $5.0 million related to minimum cash requirements under the Senior Term Loan.

Other Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has certain limited obligations contingent upon future events in connection with the activities of Tinuum Group. The Company, NexGen Refined Coal, LLC ("NexGen") and 2 entities affiliated with NexGen have provided an affiliate of the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. with limited guaranties (the "Tinuum Group Party Guaranties") related to certain losses it may suffer as a result of inaccuracies or breach of representations and covenants. The Company also is a party to a contribution agreement with NexGen under which any party called upon to pay on a Tinuum Group Party Guaranty is entitled to receive contributions from the other party equal to 50% of the amount paid. The Company has 0t recorded a liability or expense provision related to this contingent obligation as it believes that it is not probable that a loss will occur with respect to the Tinuum Group Party Guaranties.

Note 14 - Stockholders' Equity

Stock Repurchase Programs

In November 2018, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized the Company to purchase up to $20.0 million of its outstanding common stock under a stock repurchase program (the "Stock Repurchase Program"), which was to remain in effect until December 31, 2019 unless otherwise modified by the Board. As of November 2019, $2.9 million remained outstanding related to the Stock Repurchase Program. In November 2019, the Board authorized an incremental $7.1 million to the Stock Repurchase Program and provided that it will remain in effect until all amounts are utilized or it is otherwise modified by the Board.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, under the Stock Repurchase Program, the Company purchased 0 and 20,613 shares, respectively, of its common stock for cash of 0 and $0.2 million, respectively, inclusive of commissions and fees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, under the Stock Repurchase Program, the Company purchased 8,152 and 256,743 shares, respectively, of its common stock for cash of $0.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, inclusive of commissions and fees. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $7.0 million remaining under the Stock Repurchase Program.

Quarterly Cash Dividend

Dividends declared and paid quarterly on all outstanding shares of common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	2020			2019
	Per share		Date paid	Per share		Date paid
Dividends declared during quarter ended:
March 31	$	0.25	March 10, 2020	$	0.25	March 7, 2019
June 30	$	0		$	0.25	June 7, 2019
September 30	$	0		$	0.25	September 6, 2019
	$	0.25		$	0.75

A portion of the dividends declared remains accrued subsequent to the payment dates and represents dividends accumulated on nonvested shares of common stock held by employees and directors of the Company that contain forfeitable dividend rights that are not payable until the underlying shares of common stock vest. These amounts are included in both Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Tax Asset Protection Plan

U.S. federal income tax rules, and Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code in particular, could substantially limit the use of net operating losses and other tax assets if the Company experiences an "ownership change" (as defined in the Internal Revenue

20

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Code). In general, an ownership change occurs if there is a cumulative change in the ownership of the Company by "5 percent stockholders" that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period.

On May 5, 2017, the Board approved the declaration of a dividend of rights to purchase Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of common stock as part of a tax asset protection plan (the "TAPP") designed to protect the Company’s ability to utilize its net operating losses and tax credits. The TAPP is intended to act as a deterrent to any person acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

On April 9, 2020, the Board approved the Third Amendment to the TAPP ("Third Amendment") that amends the TAPP, as previously amended by the First and Second Amendments that were approved the Board on April 6, 2018 and April 5, 2019, respectively. The Third Amendment amends the definition of "Final Expiration Date" under the TAPP to extend the duration of the TAPP and makes associated changes in connection therewith. At the Company's 2020 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company's stockholders approved the Second Amendment, thus the Final Expiration Date will be the close of business on December 31, 2021.

Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants equity-based awards to employees, non-employee directors, and consultants that may include, but are not limited to, RSA's, restricted stock units ("RSU's"), performance stock units ("PSU's") and stock options. Stock-based compensation expense related to manufacturing employees and administrative employees is included within the Cost of revenue and Payroll and benefits line items, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-based compensation expense related to non-employee directors and consultants is included within the General and administrative line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Total stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
RSA expense	$	411	$	468	$	1,892	$	1,326
PSU expense	15		0		178		0
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	426	$	468	$	2,070	$	1,326

The amount of unrecognized compensation cost as of September 30, 2020, and the expected weighted-average period over which the cost will be recognized is as follows:

	As of September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Unrecognized Compensation Cost		Expected Weighted- Average Period of Recognition (in years)
RSA expense	$	2,181	1.71
PSU expense	131		2.44
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$	2,312	1.75

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock is typically granted with vesting terms of three years. The fair value of RSA's and RSU's is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the authorization date of the grant multiplied by the number of shares subject to the stock award. Compensation expense for RSA's is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period. Compensation expense for RSU's is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award.

21

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

A summary of RSA activity under the Company's various stock compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is presented below:

	Restricted Stock	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2020	451,344	$	10.65
Granted	309,976	$	5.20
Vested	(306,137)	$	10.08
Forfeited	(7,565)	$	7.87
Non-vested at September 30, 2020	447,618	$	7.31

Stock Options

Stock options generally vest over three years or upon satisfaction of performance-based conditions and have a contractual limit of five years from the date of grant to exercise. The fair value of stock options granted is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the related expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period.

A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is presented below:

	Number of Options Outstanding and Exercisable	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Options outstanding, January 1, 2020	300,000	$	13.87
Options granted	0	0
Options exercised	0	0
Options expired / forfeited	(300,000)	13.87
Options outstanding, September 30, 2020	0	$	0	$	0	—
Options vested and exercisable, September 30, 2020	0	$	0	$	0	—

Performance Share Units

Compensation expense is recognized for PSU awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period, which is generally three years, based on the estimated fair value at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. A summary of PSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is presented below:

	Units	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
PSU's outstanding, January 1, 2020	0	$	0
Granted	50,127	6.17
Vested / Settled	0	0
Forfeited / Canceled	0	0
PSU's outstanding, September 30, 2020	50,127	$	6.17	$	204	2.44

22

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 16 - Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

The following table summarizes the components of Prepaid expenses and other assets and Other long-term assets, net as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Prepaid expenses and other assets:
Federal and state income tax benefits	$	9,373	$	0
Prepaid federal and state income taxes	4,715		4,228
Prepaid expenses	1,633		1,708
Other	1,167		1,896
	$	16,888	$	7,832
Other long-term assets, net:
Upfront Customer Consideration (1)	$	8,290	$	0
Cabot receivable	8,828		0
Right of use assets, operating leases, net	2,256		5,073
Spare parts, net	3,846		3,453
Mine development costs, net	4,356		7,084
Mine reclamation asset, net	1,307		2,451
Highview Investment	552		552
Other long-term assets	1,771		1,718
	$	31,206	$	20,331

(1) See further discussion of Upfront Customer Consideration in Note 3.

Spare parts include critical spares required to support plant operations. Parts and supply costs are determined using the lower of cost or estimated replacement cost. Parts are recorded as maintenance expenses in the period in which they are consumed.

Mine development costs include acquisition costs, the cost of other development work and mitigation costs related to the Company's mining operations and are depleted over the estimated life of the related mine reserves, which is 21 years. The Company performs an evaluation of the recoverability of the carrying value of mine development costs to determine if facts and circumstances indicate that their carrying value may be impaired and if any adjustment is warranted. Indicators of impairment were present during the second quarter of 2020. See Note 5 for further discussion. Mine reclamation asset, net represents an asset retirement obligation asset and is depreciated over the estimated life of the mine.

The Company holds a long-term investment (the "Highview Investment") in Highview Enterprises Limited ("Highview"), a London, England based developmental stage company specializing in power storage. The Company accounts for the Highview Investment as an investment recorded at cost, less impairment, plus or minus observable changes in price for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

The Highview Investment is evaluated for indicators of impairment such as an event or change in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. There were no changes to the carrying value of the Highview Investment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as there were no indicators of impairment or observable price changes for identical or similar investments.

23

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table details the components of Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Other current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease obligations	$	2,043	$	2,382
Accrued interest	91		213
Income and other taxes payable	1,603		678
Other	365		1,038
	$	4,102	$	4,311
Other long-term liabilities:
Operating lease obligations, long-term	$	1,471	$	2,810
Mine reclamation liability (1)	24,183		2,721
Other	58		229
	$	25,712	$	5,760

(1) As discussed in Note 3, $21.3 million relates to Marshall Mine ARO.

Supplemental Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Information

The following table details the components of Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest on Senior Term Loan	$	339	$	940	$	1,453	$	3,344
Debt discount and debt issuance costs	355		473		1,064		1,324
453A interest	94		234		254		882
Other	93		82		282		270
	$	881	$	1,729	$	3,053	$	5,820

Note 17 - Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company's income tax expense and effective tax rates based on forecasted pretax income were:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except for rate)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income tax expense	$	854		$	6,595		$	1,315		$	14,928
Effective tax rate	15		%	63		%	(7)		%	36		%

The effective rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was different from the federal statutory rate primarily from changes in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, most notably an increase of $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in the valuation allowance was a result of a reduction in forecasts as of September 30, 2020 from forecasts as of December 31, 2019 of current and future years' taxable income.

The Company assesses the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets at each reporting date. The determination of whether a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is appropriate requires the evaluation of positive and negative evidence that can be objectively verified. Consideration must be given to all sources of taxable income available to realize deferred tax assets, including, as applicable, the future reversal of existing temporary differences, future taxable income forecasts exclusive of the reversal of temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in carryback years and tax planning strategies. In estimating income taxes, the Company assesses the relative merits and risks of the appropriate income tax treatment of transactions taking into account statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance.

24

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 18 - Business Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by a company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), or a decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing financial performance. As of September 30, 2020, the Company's CODM was the Company's CEO. The Company's operating and reportable segments are identified by products and services provided.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company has 2 reportable segments: (1) Refined Coal ("RC"); and (2) Power Generation and Industrials ("PGI").

The business segment measurements provided to and evaluated by the CODM are computed in accordance with the principles listed below:

•The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the 2019 Form 10-K.

•Segment revenues include equity method earnings and losses from the Company's equity method investments.

•Segment operating income (loss) includes segment revenues and allocation of certain "Corporate general and administrative expenses," which include Payroll and benefits, Legal and professional fees and General and administrative.

•RC segment operating income includes interest expense directly attributable to the RC segment.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, substantially all of the Company's material assets are located in the U.S. and substantially all of significant customers are U.S. companies. The following table presents the Company's operating segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Refined Coal:
Earnings in equity method investments	$	9,518	$	14,426	$	25,959	$	57,051
License royalties, related party	3,627		4,385		9,986		12,796
	13,145		18,811		35,945		69,847
Power Generation and Industrials:
Consumables	13,442		14,010		28,987		39,612
	13,442		14,010		28,987		39,612
Total segment reporting revenues	26,587		32,821		64,932		109,459
Adjustments to reconcile to reported revenues:
Earnings in equity method investments	(9,518)		(14,426)		(25,959)		(57,051)
Corporate and other	2,402		738		4,244		1,631
Total reported revenues	$	19,471	$	19,133	$	43,217	$	54,039
Segment operating income (loss):
Refined Coal (1)	$	12,817	$	18,158	$	34,454	$	68,137
Power Generation and Industrials (2)	(1,270)		(977)		(33,584)		(8,301)
Total segment operating income	$	11,547	$	17,181	$	870	$	59,836

(1) Included in RC segment operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is 453A interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Included in RC segment operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 is 453A interest expense of $0.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

(2) Included in PGI segment operating loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is 0 and $23.2 million, respectively, of impairment expense on the Asset Group, and 0 and $0.4 million, respectively, of expenses related to sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana. Included in PGI segment operating loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is $1.4 million and $4.9 million, and $1.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of depreciation, amortization,

25

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

and depletion expense on mine and plant long-lived assets. Included in PGI segment operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $4.7 million of costs recognized as a result of the step-up in inventory fair value recorded from the Carbon Solutions Acquisition.

A reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated income (loss) before income tax expense is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Total reported segment operating income	$	11,547	$	17,181	$	870	$	59,836
Other operating loss (1)	(2,010)		(658)		(7,065)		(1,409)
	9,537		16,523		(6,195)		58,427
Adjustments to reconcile to income (loss) before income tax expense attributable to the Company:
Corporate payroll and benefits	(587)		(768)		(2,444)		(2,004)
Corporate legal and professional fees	(1,176)		(1,737)		(3,850)		(5,254)
Corporate general and administrative	(1,116)		(2,278)		(4,273)		(5,427)
Corporate depreciation and amortization	(148)		(21)		(337)		(41)
Corporate interest expense, net	(680)		(1,413)		(2,446)		(4,668)
Other income (expense), net	(1)		212		128		334
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	5,829	$	10,518	$	(19,417)	$	41,367

(1) Included in Other operating loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 0 and $2.9 million, respectively, of impairment expense on the Asset Group.

Corporate general and administrative expenses include certain costs that benefit the business as a whole but are not directly related to one of the Company's segments. Such costs include, but are not limited to, accounting and human resources staff, information systems costs, legal fees, facility costs, audit fees and corporate governance expenses. 

A reconciliation of reportable segment assets to the Company's consolidated assets is as follows:

	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Refined Coal (1)	$	26,985	$	43,953
Power Generation and Industrials	70,772		80,912
Total segment assets	97,757		124,865
All Other and Corporate (2)	57,897		48,934
Consolidated	$	155,654	$	173,799

(1) Includes $22.9 million and $39.2 million of investments in equity method investees, respectively.

(2) Includes the Company's deferred tax assets.

Note 19 - Fair Value Measurements

Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Accordingly, these instruments are not presented in the table below. The following table provides the estimated fair values of the remaining financial instruments:

	As of September 30, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Financial Instruments:
Highview Investment	$	552	$	552	$	552	$	552
Highview Obligation	$	216	$	216	$	220	$	220

26

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Concentration of credit risk

The Company's financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at four financial institutions as of September 30, 2020. If an institution was unable to perform its obligations, the Company would be at risk regarding the amount of cash and investments in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits (currently $250 thousand) that would be returned to the Company.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no financial instruments carried and measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

As disclosed in Note 3, the Company completed the asset acquisition of Marshall Mine, LLC. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined based on Level 3 inputs.

As disclosed in Note 5, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to the Asset Group based on a valuation models that included an expected future discounted cash flow model using Level 3 inputs.

As disclosed in Note 8, the Company completed the Carbon Solutions Acquisition for purchase consideration of $66.5 million. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined based on Level 3 inputs.

The Company has applied the measurement alternative for investments without readily determinable fair values under ASC Topic 321 - Investments in Equity Securities ("ASC 321") for the Highview Investment. Fair value measurements, if any, resulting from the Company's application of the guidance in ASC 321 represent either Level 2 or Level 3 measurements. There were no changes to the carrying value of the Highview Investment for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 as there were no indicators of impairment or observable price changes for identical or similar investments.

Note 20 - Restructuring and Other Compensation

Restructuring

In December 2018, the Company recorded restructuring charges in connection with the departures of certain executives of Carbon Solutions in conjunction with the Carbon Solutions Acquisition. As part of the Carbon Solutions Acquisition, the Company also assumed a salary severance liability for an additional executive of Carbon Solutions in the amount of $0.6 million. There were 0 material restructuring activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Restructuring accruals are included within the Accrued payroll and related liabilities line item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restructuring expenses are included within the Payroll and benefits line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other Compensation

On March 27, 2020, the Company's CEO resigned from the Company effective June 30, 2020. Pursuant to a settlement agreement executed between the Company and the CEO, the Company was obligated to pay severance compensation to the CEO in the form of salary continuance, cash bonus, contingent upon the Company achieving a performance metric, healthcare benefits, RSAs and PSUs, which in the aggregate was $1.4 million. As of June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a liability for the total severance compensation and corresponding expense under the caption "Payroll and benefits" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes the Company's change in restructuring and other compensation accruals for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Severance
Remaining accrual as of December 31, 2019	$	254
Expense provision	1,403
Cash payments and other	(956)
Change in estimates	0
Remaining accrual as of September 30, 2020	$	701

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Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 21 - Subsequent Events

Unless disclosed elsewhere within the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the following are the significant matters that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2020.

Invested RC Facility

On October 20, 2020, the Company announced that Tinuum Group completed a lease for an additional RC facility. The RC facility is located at a coal plant that has historically burned in excess of 4.0 million tons of coal per year. With this addition, Tinuum Group has 22 invested facilities in full-time operation.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read together with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. ("ADES" or the "Company") included elsewhere in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report and with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes of ADES included in the 2019 Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a leader in consumable air and water treatment options that utilize activated carbon ("AC") and chemical based technologies. Our proprietary environmental technologies sold in the power generation and industrial ("PGI") market, which includes coal-fired power plants and industrial, and water treatment market, enable our customers to reduce emissions of mercury and other pollutants, maximize utilization levels and improve operating efficiencies to meet the challenges of existing and potential emissions control regulations.

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, ADA Carbon Solutions, LLC ("Carbon Solutions"), which we acquired on December 7, 2018 (the "Acquisition Date"), we manufacture and sell activated carbon ("AC") used in contaminant capture and removal for coal-fired power plants and industrial and water treatment markets. Carbon Solutions also owns an associated lignite mine that supplies the primary raw material for manufacturing our products.

We operate two segments: Refined Coal ("RC") and Power Generation and Industrials ("PGI"). Our RC segment is comprised of our equity ownership in Tinuum Group, LLC ("Tinuum Group") and Tinuum Services, LLC ("Tinuum Services"), both of which are unconsolidated entities in which we generate substantial earnings. Tinuum Group provides reduction of mercury and nitrogen oxide ("NOX") emissions at select coal-fired power generators through the production and sale of RC that qualifies for tax credits ("Section 45 tax credits") under the Internal Revenue Code Section 45 - Production Tax Credit ("IRC Section 45"). We benefit from Tinuum Group's production and sale of RC, which generates tax credits, as well as its revenue from selling or leasing RC facilities to tax equity investors. We also earn royalties for technologies that we license to Tinuum Group and used at certain RC facilities to enhance combustion and reduced emissions of NOx and mercury from coal burned to generate electrical power. Tinuum Services operates and maintains the RC facilities under operating and maintenance agreements with Tinuum Group and owners or lessees of the RC facilities.

Our PGI segment includes the sale of products that remove mercury and other air and water contaminants from coal-fired power generators and other industrial companies. Our primary products are comprised of AC which is produced from lignite coal. Our AC products include powdered activated carbon ("PAC") and granular activated carbon ("GAC"). There are three primary consumable products that work in conjunction with the installed equipment at coal-fired utilities to control mercury: PAC, coal additives and scrubber additives. In many cases, these three consumable products can be used together or, in many circumstances, substituted for each other. However, PAC is typically the most efficient and effective way to capture mercury and currently accounts for over 50% of the mercury control consumables North American market.

Drivers of Demand and Key Factors Affecting Profitability

Drivers of demand and key factors affecting our profitability differ by segment. In the RC segment, demand is driven primarily by IRC Section 45, which is expected to expire no later than December 31, 2021. Operating results in RC have been influenced by: (1) the ability to sell, lease or operate RC facilities; (2) lease renegotiation or termination; and (3) changes in tonnage of RC due to changing coal-fired dispatch and electricity power generation sources. In the PGI segment, demand is driven primarily by consumables-based solutions for coal-fired power generation and other industrials. Operating results in PGI have been influenced by: (1) changes in our sales volumes; (2) changes in price and product mix; and (3) changes in coal-fired dispatch and electricity power generation sources.

Customer Supply Agreement

On September 30, 2020, we and Cabot Norit Americas, Inc., ("Cabot") entered into a supply agreement (the "Supply Agreement") pursuant to which we agree to sell and deliver to Cabot, and Cabot agrees to purchase and accept from us, certain lignite-based activated carbon products ("Furnace Products"). The term of the Supply Agreement is for 15 years with 10-year renewal terms that are automatic unless either party provides three years prior notice of intention not to renew before the end of any term.

In addition to the sale by us and purchase by Cabot of Furnace Products, we and Cabot have agreed to additional terms whereby Cabot will reimburse us for certain capital expenditures incurred by us that are necessary to manufacture the Furnace Products. Reimbursements will be in the form of revenues earned from capital expenditures incurred that will benefit both us and Cabot (referred to as "Shared Capital") and capital expenditures incurred that will benefit Cabot exclusively (referred to as "Specific

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Capital"). Both we and Cabot must mutually agree with all Shared Capital and Specific Capital that are necessary to support operational needs in advance of procurement and commissioning.

We believe the Supply Agreement will provide material incremental volume and capture lower operating cost efficiencies of our manufacturing plant. As these incremental volumes come on-line and after our existing inventory balances are sold, we anticipate an increase in gross margins. Further, the Supply Agreement will expand our activated carbon products to diverse end markets that are outside of coal-fired power generation.

Acquisition of Marshall Mine

Concurrently with the execution of the Supply Agreement, on September 30, 2020, we entered into an agreement to purchase (the "Purchase Agreement") from Cabot 100% of the membership interests in Marshall Mine, LLC (the "Marshall Mine Acquisition") for a nominal purchase price. Marshall Mine, LLC owns a lignite mine located outside of Marshall, Texas (the "Marshall Mine"). We independently determined to immediately commence activities to shutter the Marshall Mine and will incur the associated reclamation costs.

In conjunction with the execution of the Supply Agreement and the Purchase Agreement, on September 30, 2020, we entered into a reclamation contract (the "Reclamation Contract") with a third party that provides a capped cost, subject to certain contingencies, in the amount of approximately $19.7 million plus an obligation to pay certain direct costs of approximately $3.6 million (collectively, the "Reclamation Costs") over the estimated reclamation period of 10 years. Under the terms of the Supply Agreement, Cabot is obligated to reimburse us for $10.2 million of Reclamation Costs (the "Reclamation Reimbursements"), which are payable semi-annually over 13 years and inclusive of interest.

As of September 30, 2020, we recorded an asset retirement obligation related to the Reclamation Contract in the amount of $21.3 million and a receivable related to the Reclamation Reimbursements in the amount of $9.7 million, net.

Impairment

As part of our periodic review of the carrying value of long-lived assets, we assessed our long-lived assets for potential impairment. In assessing impairment of our PGI segment's and certain other long-lived asset groups, we considered factors such as the significant decline in both the PGI segment's trailing twelve months revenues and current and future years’ forecasted revenues. These factors are largely due to the significant drop in coal-fired power dispatch that began in 2019 amid historically low prices of alternative power generation sources, such as natural gas, leading to an increase in natural gas usage as well as other competing energy sources. Natural gas prices continue to be highly volatile, which may impact our volumes and corresponding revenues that could result in future impairment.

As of September 30, 2020, we concluded that there was no impairment of our long-lived assets. However, as of June 30, 2020, we completed an undiscounted cash flow analysis of our PGI segment's and certain other long-lived asset group (the "Asset Group"), which is comprised of our manufacturing plant and related assets and our lignite mine assets, and estimated the undiscounted cash flows from the Asset Group, which were less than the carrying value of the Asset Group. The decrease in undiscounted cash flows was due to lower volumes impacted by overall lower power generation and an increase in power generation from sources other than coal as a percentage of total generation. Accordingly, we completed an assessment of the Asset Group’s fair value and estimated the fair value of the Asset Group at $32.2 million. This resulted in an impairment and write-down of the Asset Group of $26.1 million as of June 30, 2020, and which is reflected as "Impairment of long-lived assets" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The total impairment charge was allocated to the PGI segment and Other in the amounts of $23.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization ("WHO") declared the novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") a global pandemic. We are designated by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency ("CISA") of the Department of Homeland Security as a critical infrastructure supplier to the energy sector. Our operations have been deemed essential and, therefore, our facilities remain open and our employees employed. We follow the COVID-19 guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control concerning the health and safety of our personnel, including remote working for those that have the ability to do so, sequestered employees at our plant and other heath safety measures. These measures have resulted in an increase in our personnel costs, operational inefficiencies and the incurrence of incremental costs to allow manufacturing operations to continue; while at the same time we have faced a general downturn in our sales and marketing efforts. The duration of these measures is unknown, may be extended and additional measures may be imposed.

Both of our business segments have continued to operate during the pandemic, and we have taken certain proactive and precautionary steps to ensure the safety of our employees, customers and suppliers, including frequent cleaning and disinfection of workspaces, property, plant and equipment, instituting social distancing measures and mandating remote working

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environments, where possible, for all employees. We cannot, however, predict the long-term effects on our business, including our financial position or results of operations, if governmental restrictions or other such directives continue for a prolonged period of time and cause a material negative change in power generation demand, materially disrupt our supply chain, substantially increase our operating costs or limit our ability to serve existing customers and seek new customers.

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, in March 2020, the federal government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The CARES Act provided, among other things, the deferral of payroll tax payments for all payroll taxes incurred through December 31, 2020. The Company has elected to defer payments of payroll taxes for the periods allowed under the CARES Act and will repay 50% by December 31, 2021 and 50% by December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2020, total payroll tax payments deferred under the CARES Act were $0.3 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred costs of $0.4 million related to sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana. These costs included hazard pay, lodging and meal expenses for 30 days.

Our customers may also be impacted by COVID-19 pandemic as the utilization of energy has changed. We cannot predict the long-term impact on our customers and the subsequent impact on our business.

Results of Operations

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized net income of $5.0 million and net loss of $20.7 million, respectively, compared to net income of $3.9 million and $26.4 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are primarily attributable to a combination of factors, including:

•Continued performance in our RC business segment, principally related to equity earnings and license royalties;

•Performance in our PGI business segment, principally related to Carbon Solutions;

•Impairment recorded related to our PGI segment's and certain other long-lived asset groups; and

•Impacts related to changes in income tax expense.

The following sections provide additional information regarding these comparative periods. For comparability purposes, the following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. The period-to-period comparison of financial results may not be indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Total Revenue and Cost of Revenue

A summary of the components of our revenues and cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		($)		(%)
Revenues:
Consumables	$	15,844	$	14,748	$	1,096	7	%
License royalties, related party	3,627		4,385		(758)		(17)	%
Total revenues	$	19,471	$	19,133	$	338	2	%
Operating expenses:
Consumables cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	$	15,013	$	11,939	$	3,074	26	%

Consumables and consumables cost of revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, consumables revenues increased from the comparable quarter in 2019 primarily driven by higher volumes impacting revenue by $2.1 million. Negatively impacting revenue quarter over quarter was less favorable price and product mix of approximately $1.0 million combined. Our gross margin, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 primarily due to the lower volumes during the first half of the current year causing higher fixed cost per pound compared to the prior year.

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Consumables revenue continues to be affected by electricity demand driven by seasonal weather and related power generation needs, as well as competitor prices related to alternative power generation sources such as natural gas. According to data provided by the U.S. Energy Information Administration ("EIA"), for the three months ended September 30, 2020, power generation from coal-fired power dispatch was down approximately 10% compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019.

License royalties, related party

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 14.6 million tons and 14.5 million tons, respectively, of RC produced using M-45TM and M-45-PCTM technologies ("M-45 Technology"), which Tinuum Group licenses from us ("M-45 License"). While tonnage increased slightly period over period, there was a reduction in the royalty rate per ton primarily attributable to higher depreciation recognized of approximately $0.2 million on all royalty bearing RC facilities as a result of a reduction in their estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Further reducing the rate per ton was a decrease in net lease payments of approximately $0.4 million as a result of Tinuum Group restructuring RC facility contracted leases with its largest customer in the second half of 2019. As a result of higher depreciation and lower lease payments, we expect that the lower royalty rate per ton will continue for the remainder of 2020 and in 2021.

Additional information related to revenue concentrations and contributions by class and reportable segment can be found within the Business Segments discussion and in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Operating Expenses

A summary of the components of our operating expenses, exclusive of cost of revenue items (presented above), for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		($)		(%)
Operating expenses:
Payroll and benefits	$	2,285	$	2,651	$	(366)	(14)	%
Legal and professional fees	1,321		2,907		(1,586)		(55)	%
General and administrative	1,900		1,984		(84)		(4)	%
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	1,777		2,043		(266)		(13)	%
	$	7,283	$	9,585	$	(2,302)	(24)	%

Payroll and benefits

Payroll and benefits expenses, which represent costs related to selling, general and administrative personnel, decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 primarily due to a decrease in headcount and payroll-related expenses.

Legal and professional fees

Legal and professional fees decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 as a result of cost reductions related to professional fees, primarily in consulting and outsourced IT cost specific to the completion of the integration of Carbon Solutions of $1.5 million. The remaining decrease was a result of decreased outsourced shared service costs, including legal fees.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 primarily due to a reduction in general and administrative expenses including the reduction of travel, as a preventative measure related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and recruiting fees. Offsetting this decrease was an increase in product development expenses of approximately $0.1 million and rent and occupancy expenses of $0.1 million related to property taxes.

Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 due to the impairment charge taken in the second quarter of 2020 reducing the value of our fixed assets and intangibles and thus, reducing the corresponding depreciation and amortization expense by approximately $0.6 million. Offsetting this decrease was higher production volumes during the three months ended September 30, 2020, resulting in $0.3 million more absorption of depreciation in inventory. Further, the addition of leasehold improvements at our corporate

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headquarters in 2020 contributed to approximately $0.1 million of amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Other Income (Expense), net

A summary of the components of other income (expense), net for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		($)		(%)
Other income (expense):
Earnings from equity method investments	$	9,518	$	14,426	$	(4,908)	(34)	%
Interest expense	(881)		(1,729)		848		(49)	%
Other	17		212		(195)		(92)	%
Total other income	$	8,654	$	12,909	$	(4,255)	(33)	%

Earnings from equity method investments

The following table details the components of our respective equity method investments included within the Earnings from equity method investments line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Earnings from Tinuum Group	$	7,260	$	11,746
Earnings from Tinuum Services	2,257		2,682
Earnings (loss) from other	1		(2)
Earnings from equity method investments	$	9,518	$	14,426

Earnings from equity method investments, and changes related thereto, are impacted by our significant equity method investees: Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $7.3 million and $11.7 million, respectively, in equity earnings from Tinuum Group, which was equal to our proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income for the respective quarter.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Group were positively impacted by the addition of two new RC facilities during the second half of 2019, a new RC facility added during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and the sale by Tinuum Group of its 49.9% remaining interest in an RC facility during the three months ended September 30, 2020. However, equity earnings from Tinuum Group for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased from the comparable quarter in 2019 primarily from higher depreciation recognized of approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 on all Tinuum Group RC facilities as a result of a reduction in RC facilities' estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Further contributing to the decrease in equity earnings quarter over quarter was the restructuring of RC facility leases with Tinuum Group's largest customer, which decreased lease payments and equity earnings beginning in the second half of 2019. We believe the increase in depreciation and the decrease in lease payments will negatively impact equity earnings for the remainder of 2020 as well as 2021.

Further, two coal-fired utilities in which Tinuum Group has invested RC facilities announced expected closures in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the associated leases of those facilities terminated during that period. As a result of higher depreciation, reduced lease payments and closures of two utilities, we expect our pro-rata share of Tinuum Group’s earnings and distributions to be lower in future periods.

Equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Services decreased by $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, and for those quarters, Tinuum Services provided operating and maintenance services to 20 and 22 operating RC facilities, respectively. Tinuum Services derives earnings under fixed-fee arrangements as well as fee arrangements that are based on actual RC production, depending upon the specific RC facility operating and maintenance agreement.

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Interest expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, interest expense decreased $0.8 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to a reduction in interest expense related to a senior term loan (the "Senior Term Loan"), as the principal balance was reduced from payments of $24.0 million made during the period from September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The remaining decrease in interest expense related to a reduction in the deferred balance during the period from September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2020 related to Internal Revenue Code section 453A ("453A"), which requires taxpayers to pay an interest charge ("453A interest") on the portion of the tax liability that is deferred under the installment method for tax purposes. 

Income tax expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $0.9 million compared to income tax expense of $6.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The income tax expense recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was comprised primarily of estimated federal income tax expense of $0.9 million. The income tax expense recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was comprised of estimated federal income tax expense of $6.2 million and estimated state income tax expense of $0.4 million.

The decrease in income tax expense quarter over quarter was primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for the three months ended September 30, 2019 of $4.8 million. This increase was based on changes in forecasts as of September 30, 2019 compared to forecasts as of June 30, 2019 of future years' taxable income. The decrease in income tax expense quarter over quarter was also attributable to a decrease of $4.7 million in pretax income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Total Revenue and Cost of Revenue

A summary of the components of our revenues and cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		($)		(%)
Revenues:
Consumables	$	33,231	$	41,243	$	(8,012)	(19)	%
License royalties, related party	9,986		12,796		(2,810)		(22)	%
Total revenues	$	43,217	$	54,039	$	(10,822)	(20)	%
Operating expenses:
Consumables cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization	$	33,920	$	38,339	$	(4,419)	(12)	%

Consumables and consumables cost of revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, consumables revenues decreased from the comparable period in 2019 primarily driven by lower volume of approximately $2.7 million and less favorable price and product mix of approximately $5.0 million combined. Volumes were negatively impacted by lower coal-fired power dispatch driven by a decrease of 4.0% in overall power generation as well as an increase in power generation from sources other than coal as a percentage of total power generation.

Consumables revenue is affected by electricity demand driven by seasonal weather and related power generation needs, as well as competitor prices related to alternative power generation sources such as natural gas. According to data provided by the EIA, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, power generation from coal-fired power dispatch was down approximately 23% compared to the corresponding period in 2019. However, we anticipate improvements related increased volumes and revenue in the last quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 due to the Supply Agreement.

Consumables costs of revenue was negatively impacted for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to safety actions taken by the Company to provide for continued operation of our manufacturing facilities in response to COVID-19.

Consumables cost of revenue was negatively impacted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to $5.0 million of costs recognized as a result of the step-up in inventory fair value recorded from the acquisition of Carbon Solutions. As of June 30, 2019, the step-up in inventory was fully recognized in cost of revenue.

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Our gross margin, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, was negative for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019 primarily due to the impact of lower production and sales volumes resulting in higher fixed cost per pound. We anticipate positive impacts to our gross margin starting in 2021 due to the Supply Agreement.

License royalties, related party

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 35.7 million tons and 35.0 million tons, respectively, of RC produced using the M-45 Technology under the M-45 License. While tonnage increased period over period, there was a reduction in the royalty rate per ton primarily attributable to higher depreciation recognized of approximately $1.8 million on all royalty bearing RC facilities as a result of a reduction in their estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group in the second half of 2019. Further reducing the rate per ton was a decrease in net lease payments of approximately $1.0 million as a result of Tinuum Group restructuring RC facility contracted leases with its largest customer in the second half of 2019. As a result of higher depreciation and lower lease payments, we expect that the lower royalty rate per ton will continue in 2020 and 2021.

Additional information related to revenue concentrations and contributions by class and reportable segment can be found within the segment discussion below and in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Operating Expenses

A summary of the components of our operating expenses, exclusive of cost of revenue items (presented above), for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		($)		(%)
Operating expenses:
Payroll and benefits	$	8,839	$	8,005	$	834	10	%
Legal and professional fees	4,386		7,105		(2,719)		(38)	%
General and administrative	6,693		5,894		799		14	%
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	5,807		4,902		905		18	%
Impairment of long-lived assets	26,103		—		26,103		*
	$	51,828	$	25,906	$	25,922	100	%

* Calculation not meaningful

Payroll and benefits

Payroll and benefits expenses increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to severance related costs $1.4 million associated with the resignation of an executive officer, offset by a decrease in headcount.

Legal and professional fees

Legal and professional fees decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to decreased outsourced shared service costs, including legal, general consulting and audit and accounting fees of approximately $2.0 million, and a reduction in outsourced IT costs specific to the completion of the integration of Carbon Solutions of $0.7 million.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to an increase in product development expenses of approximately $0.8 million related to the Supply Agreement, an increase in rent and occupancy of approximately $0.5 million relating to property taxes and office rent and an increase in costs incurred due to the sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana of approximately $0.4 million. Offsetting these increases were reductions in travel, as a preventative measure related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and recruiting fees.

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Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 due to higher volumes during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting in $0.9 million more absorption of depreciation in inventory. Further, the addition of leasehold improvements at our corporate headquarters in 2020 and the addition of long-lived assets at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana contributed to approximately $0.5 million of depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $0.6 million related to the lower net book values of the related property, plant, equipment and intangible assets as of June 30, 2020 due to the impairment charge recorded as of this date.

Impairment of long-lived assets

As previously discussed, as of June 30, 2020, we recorded an impairment charge of $26.1 million, which is included in the Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Other Income (Expense), net

A summary of the components of our other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019		($)		(%)
Other income (expense):
Earnings from equity method investments	$	25,959	$	57,051	$	(31,092)	(54)	%
Interest expense	(3,053)		(5,820)		2,767		(48)	%
Other	208		342		(134)		(39)	%
Total other income	$	23,114	$	51,573	$	(28,459)	(55)	%

Earnings from equity method investments

The following table details the components of our respective equity method investments included within the Earnings from equity method investments line item on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)		2020		2019
Earnings from Tinuum Group		$	20,462	$	50,757
Earnings from Tinuum Services		5,498		6,297
Loss from other		(1)		(3)
Earnings from equity method investments		$	25,959	$	57,051

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $20.5 million in equity earnings from Tinuum Group, which was equal to our proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income for the period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $50.8 million in equity earnings from Tinuum Group, which was equal to our proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income of $52.4 million for the period less the recovery of the cash distributions in excess of the cumulative earnings as of December 31, 2018. The difference between our pro-rata share of Tinuum Group's net income and our earnings from our Tinuum Group equity method investment as reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was the result of cumulative distributions received from Tinuum Group being in excess of the carrying value of the investment, and therefore we recognized such excess distributions as equity method earnings in the period the distributions occurred.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Group were positively impacted by the addition of two new RC facilities during the second half of 2019 a new RC facility added during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and the sale by Tinuum Group of its 49.9% remaining interest in an RC facility during the three months ended September 30, 2020. However, equity earnings from Tinuum Group for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased from the comparable period in 2019 primarily from two new RC facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 that were recognized as point-in-time sales. Further, the decrease in equity earnings was due to higher depreciation recognized of approximately $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 on all Tinuum Group RC facilities as a result of a reduction in RC facilities estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group during the second half of 2019. Further contributing to the decrease in equity earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine

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months ended September 30, 2019 was the restructuring of RC facility leases with Tinuum Group's largest customer, which decreased lease payments and equity earnings beginning in the second half of 2019. Furthermore, two coal-fired utilities in which Tinuum Group has invested RC facilities announced expected closures in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the associated leases of those facilities terminated during that period. As a result of higher depreciation, reduced lease payments and closures of two utilities, we expect our pro-rata share of Tinuum Group’s earnings will be lower for the remainder of 2020 as well as 2021.

As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, Tinuum Group had 21 and 23 invested RC facilities, respectively, that were generating revenues.

Equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Services decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, Tinuum Services provided operating and maintenance services to 20 and 22 operating RC facilities, respectively, which was the primary driver in the decrease in equity earnings period over period. Tinuum Services derives earnings under fixed-fee arrangements as well as fee arrangements that are based on actual RC production, depending upon the specific RC facility operating and maintenance agreement.

Interest expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, interest expense decreased $2.8 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to interest expense incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to the Senior Term Loan, as the principal balance was reduced from payments of $24.0 million made during the period from September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The remaining decrease in interest expense related to lower 453A interest from a reduction in the deferred balance related to 453A during the period from September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2020. 

Income tax expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $1.3 million compared to income tax expense of $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The income tax expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was comprised of estimated federal income tax expense of $1.4 million. The income tax expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was comprised of estimated federal income tax expense of $13.2 million and estimated state income tax expense of $1.7 million.

The decrease in income tax expense period over period was primarily due to a pretax loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $19.4 million compared to pretax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $41.4 million. Offsetting the decrease in income tax expense period over period was an increase in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets of $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to an increase in the valuation allowance of $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 based on changes in forecasts of future years' taxable income as of September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"), we are providing non-GAAP measures of certain financial performance. These non-GAAP measures include Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA and RC Segment Adjusted EBITDA. We have included non-GAAP measures because management believes that they help to facilitate comparison of operating results between periods. We believe the non-GAAP measures provide useful information to both management and users of the financial statements by excluding certain expenses and gains and losses that may not be indicative of core operating results and business outlook. These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. These measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures.

We define Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), adjusted for the impact of the following items that are either non-cash or that we do not consider representative of our ongoing operating performance: depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion, interest expense, net and income tax expense; then reduced by the non-cash impact of equity earnings from equity method investments and increased by cash distributions from equity method investments and impairment of long-lived assets. Because Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA omits certain non-cash items, we believe that the measure is less susceptible to variances that affect our operating performance.

We define PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA as Segment operating income (loss) adjusted for the impact of the following items that are either non-cash or that we do not consider representative of its ongoing operating performance: depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion, interest expense, net and impairment of long-lived assets. When used in conjunction with

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GAAP financial measures, PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of operating performance that management believes is a useful measure for each of our PGI and RC segment's performance relative to the performance of competitors as well as performance period over period. Additionally, we believe the measure is less susceptible to variances that affect our operating performance results.

We define RC Segment Adjusted EBITDA as RC Segment EBITDA reduced by the non-cash impact of equity earnings from equity method investments and increased by cash distributions from equity method investments.

We present these non-GAAP measures because we believe they are useful as supplemental measures in evaluating the performance of our operating performance and provide greater transparency into the results of operations. Management uses these non-GAAP measures in evaluating the performance of our business.

With the exception of impairment, the adjustments to Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA and RC Segment Adjusted EBITDA in future periods are generally expected to be similar. These non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss) (1) (2)	$	4,975	$	3,923	$	(20,732)	$	26,439
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	1,777		2,043		5,807		4,902
Interest expense, net	862		1,663		2,974		5,619
Income tax expense	854		6,595		1,315		14,928
Consolidated EBITDA (loss)	8,468		14,224		(10,636)		51,888
Impairment	—		—		26,103		—
Equity earnings	(9,518)		(14,426)		(25,959)		(57,051)
Cash distributions from equity method investees	9,712		18,718		42,228		56,806
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA	$	8,662	$	18,516	$	31,736	51,643

(1) Net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 included zero and $0.4 million related to sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana. These costs included hazardous pay, lodging expense and other related costs for 30 days.

(2) Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included an adjustment of $5.0 million, which increased cost of revenue due to a step-up in basis of inventory acquired related to the acquisition of Carbon Solutions.

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Business Segments

As of September 30, 2020, we have two reportable segments: (1) RC and (2) PGI. The business segment measurements provided to and evaluated by our chief operating decision maker are computed in accordance with the principles listed below:

•The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the 2019 Form 10-K.

•Segment revenues include equity method earnings and losses from our equity method investments.

•Segment operating income (loss) includes segment revenues and allocation of certain "Corporate general and administrative expenses," which include Payroll and benefits, Rent and occupancy, Legal and professional fees, and General and administrative.

•RC segment operating income includes interest expense directly attributable to the RC segment.

The principal products and services of our segments are:

1.RC - Our RC segment derives its earnings from equity method investments as well as royalty payment streams and other revenues related to enhanced combustion of and reduced emissions of both NOX and mercury from the burning of coal. Our equity method investments related to the RC segment include Tinuum Group, Tinuum Services and other immaterial equity method investments. Segment revenues include our equity method earnings (losses) from our equity method investments and royalty earnings from Tinuum Group. These earnings are included within the Earnings from equity method investments and License royalties, related party line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Key drivers to the RC segment performance are the produced and sold RC from both operating and retained RC facilities, royalty-bearing tonnage and the number of operating (leased or sold) and retained RC facilities. These key drivers impact our earnings and cash distributions from equity method investments.

2.PGI - Our PGI segment includes revenues and related expenses from the sale of consumable products that utilize AC and chemical technologies. These options provide coal-powered utilities and industrial boilers with mercury control solutions working in conjunction with pollution control equipment systems, generally without the requirement for significant ongoing capital outlays. These amounts are included within the respective revenues and cost of revenue line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Management uses segment operating income (loss) to measure profitability and performance at the segment level. Management believes segment operating income (loss) provides investors with a useful measure of our operating performance and underlying trends of the businesses. Segment operating income (loss) may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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The following table presents our operating segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Refined Coal:
Earnings in equity method investments	$	9,518	$	14,426	$	25,959	$	57,051
License royalties, related party	3,627		4,385		9,986		12,796
	13,145		18,811		35,945		69,847
Power Generation and Industrials:
Consumables	13,442		14,010		28,987		39,612
	13,442		14,010		28,987		39,612
Total segment reporting revenues	26,587		32,821		64,932		109,459
Adjustments to reconcile to reported revenues:
Earnings in equity method investments	(9,518)		(14,426)		(25,959)		(57,051)
Corporate and other	2,402		738		4,244		1,631
Total reported revenues	$	19,471	$	19,133	$	43,217	$	54,039
Segment operating income (loss):
Refined Coal (1)	$	12,817	$	18,158	$	34,454	$	68,137
Power Generation and Industrials (2)	(1,270)		(977)		(33,584)		(8,301)
Total segment operating income	$	11,547	$	17,181	$	870	$	59,836

(1) Included in RC segment operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is 453A interest expense of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Included in RC segment operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 is 453A interest expense of $0.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

(2) Included in PGI segment operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $23.2 million of impairment expense on PGI segment and certain other long-lived assets, and $0.4 million of expenses related to sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana. Included in PGI segment operating loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is $1.4 million and $4.9 million, and $1.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of depreciation, amortization, and depletion expense on mine and plant long-lived assets. Included in PGI segment operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is approximately $4.7 million of costs recognized as a result of the step-up in inventory fair value recorded from the acquisition of Carbon Solutions.

RC

The following table details the segment revenues of our respective equity method investments:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Earnings from Tinuum Group	$	7,260	$	11,746
Earnings from Tinuum Services	2,257		2,682
Earnings (loss) from other	1		(2)
Earnings from equity method investments	$	9,518	$	14,426

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

RC earnings decreased primarily due to a decrease in equity earnings in Tinuum Group for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Group were positively impacted by the addition of two new RC facilities during the second half of 2019, a new RC facility added during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and the sale by Tinuum Group of its 49.9% remaining interest in an RC facility during the three months ended September 30, 2020. However, equity earnings from Tinuum Group for the three months ended September 30, 2020

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decreased from the comparable quarter in 2019 primarily from higher depreciation recognized of approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 on all Tinuum Group RC facilities as a result of a reduction in RC facilities estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Further contributing to the decrease in equity earnings quarter over quarter was the restructuring of RC facility leases with Tinuum Group's largest customer, which decreased lease payments and equity earnings beginning in the second half of 2019. We believe the increase in depreciation and the decrease in lease payments will negatively impact equity earnings for the remainder of 2020 as well as 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $7.3 million and $11.7 million, respectively, in equity earnings from Tinuum Group, which was equal to our proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income for those quarters. 

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, earnings from Tinuum Services decreased compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 primarily due to a decrease in the number of operating RC facilities in which Tinuum Services provides operating and maintenance services from 22 to 20.

As noted above, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, RC earnings were impacted by a decrease in license royalties earned from Tinuum Group under the M-45 License. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 14.6 million tons and 14.5 million tons, respectively, of RC produced using the M-45 Technology. While tonnage increased slightly period over period, there was a reduction in the royalty rate per ton primarily attributable to higher depreciation recognized of approximately $0.2 million on all royalty bearing RC facilities as a result of a reduction in their estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Further reducing the rate per ton was a decrease in net lease payments as a result of Tinuum Group restructuring RC facility contracted leases with its largest customer in the second half of 2019.

Future earnings and growth in the RC segment will continue to be impacted by coal-fired electricity generation dispatch and invested facilities with leases subject to periodic renewals being terminated, repriced, or otherwise subject to renegotiated terms.

Additional discussion of our equity method investments is included above within our consolidated results and in Note 7 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

RC Segment Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
RC Segment operating income	$	12,817	$	18,158
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	26		25
Interest expense	94		234
RC Segment EBITDA	12,937		18,417
Equity earnings	(9,518)		(14,426)
Cash distributions from equity method investees	9,712		18,718
RC Segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	13,131	$	22,709

PGI

Discussion of revenues derived from our PGI segment and costs related thereto are included above within our consolidated results.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

PGI segment operating loss increased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to a reduction in consumable revenue and associated margins. According to data provided by the U.S. Energy Information Administration ("EIA"), for the three months ended September 30, 2020, power generation from coal-fired power dispatch was down approximately 10% compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019.

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PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Segment operating loss	$	(1,270)	$	(977)
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion	1,427		1,853
Interest expense, net	78		75
PGI Segment EBITDA	235		951
Impairment	—		—
PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	235	$	951

RC

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)		2020		2019
Earnings from Tinuum Group		$	20,462	$	50,757
Earnings from Tinuum Services		5,498		6,297
Loss from other		(1)		(3)
Earnings from equity method investments		$	25,959	$	57,051

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $20.5 million in equity earnings from Tinuum Group, which was equal to our proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income for the period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $50.8 million in equity earnings from Tinuum Group, which was equal to our proportionate share of Tinuum Group's net income of $52.4 million for the period less the recovery of the cash distributions in excess of the cumulative earnings as of December 31, 2018. The difference between our pro-rata share of Tinuum Group's net income and our earnings from our Tinuum Group equity method investment as reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was the result of cumulative distributions received from Tinuum Group being in excess of the carrying value of the investment, and therefore we recognized such excess distributions as equity method earnings in the period the distributions occurred.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Group were positively impacted by the addition of two new RC facilities during the second half of 2019, a new RC facility added during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and the sale by Tinuum Group of its 49.9% remaining interest in an RC facility during the three months ended September 30, 2020. However, equity earnings from Tinuum Group for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased from the comparable period in 2019 primarily from two new RC facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 that were recognized as point-in-time sales. Further, the decrease in equity earnings was due to higher depreciation recognized of approximately $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 on all Tinuum Group RC facilities as a result of a reduction in RC facilities' estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group during the second half of 2019. Further contributing to the decrease in equity earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was the restructuring of RC facility leases with Tinuum Group's largest customer, which decreased lease payments and equity earnings beginning in the second half of 2019. Furthermore, two coal-fired utilities in which Tinuum Group has invested RC facilities announced expected closures in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the associated leases of those facilities terminated during that period. As a result of higher depreciation, reduced lease payments and closures of two utilities, we expect our pro-rata share of Tinuum Group’s earnings will be lower for the remainder of 2020 as well as 2021.

As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, Tinuum Group had 21 and 23 invested RC facilities, respectively, that were generating revenues.

Equity earnings from our interest in Tinuum Services decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, Tinuum Services provided operating and maintenance services to 20 and 22 operating RC facilities, respectively, which was the primary driver in the decrease in equity earnings. Tinuum Services derives earnings under fixed-fee arrangements as well as fee arrangements that are based on actual RC production, depending on the specific RC facility operating and maintenance agreement.

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RC earnings were negatively impacted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 by a decrease in royalties earned from Tinuum Group under the M-45 License. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 35.7 million tons and 35.0 million tons, respectively, of RC produced using the M-45 Technology. While tonnage increased period over period, there was a reduction in the royalty rate per ton primarily attributable to higher depreciation recognized of approximately $1.8 million on all royalty bearing RC facilities as a result of a reduction in their estimated useful lives as determined by Tinuum Group in the second half of 2019. Further reducing the rate per ton was a decrease in net lease payments of approximately $1.0 million as a result of Tinuum Group restructuring RC facility contracted leases with its largest customer in the second half of 2019. As a result of higher depreciation and lower lease payments, we expect that the lower royalty rate per ton will continue in 2020 and 2021.

Future earnings and growth within the RC segment will continue to be impacted by coal-fired dispatch, and invested facilities with leases subject to periodic renewals being terminated, repriced, or otherwise subject to renegotiated terms.

Additional discussion of our equity method investments is included above within our consolidated results and in Note 7 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)		2020		2019
RC Segment operating income		$	34,454	$	68,137
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion		84		55
Interest expense		254		882
RC Segment EBITDA		34,792		69,074
Equity earnings		(25,959)		(57,051)
Cash distributions from equity method investees		42,228		56,806
RC Segment Adjusted EBITDA		$	51,061	$	68,829

PGI

Discussion of revenues derived from our PGI segment and costs related thereto are included above within our consolidated results.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

PGI segment operating loss increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to the impairment charge of $23.2 million and a reduction in consumable revenue and associated margins and costs incurred related to COVID-19. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, consumables revenue and margins also continued to be negatively impacted by low coal-fired power dispatch driven by power generation from sources other than coal.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred costs of $0.4 million related to sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana. These costs included hazardous pay, lodging expense and other related costs for 60 days.

PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)		2020		2019
PGI Segment operating loss (1) (2)		$	(33,584)	$	(8,301)
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion		4,851		4,498
Interest expense, net		265		263
PGI Segment EBITDA loss		(28,468)		(3,540)
Impairment		23,232		—
PGI Segment Adjusted EBITDA (loss)		$	(5,236)	$	(3,540)

(1) Included in PGI segment operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is $0.4 million related to sequestration of certain of our employees at our manufacturing plant in Louisiana.

(2) PGI Segment operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is inclusive of a $4.7 million adjustment, which increased cost of revenue due to a step-up in basis of inventory acquired related to the acquisition of Carbon Solutions.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview of Factors Affecting Our Liquidity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our liquidity position was positively affected primarily due to distributions from Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services, royalty payments from Tinuum Group and borrowing availability under our bank ("Lender") line of credit ("Line of Credit").

Our principal sources of cash included:

•cash on hand;

•distributions from Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services;

•royalty payments from Tinuum Group; and

•cash proceeds received under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA").

Our principal uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included:

•payment of dividends;

•payment of debt principal and interest;

•repurchases of shares of common stock; and

•our business operating expenses, including federal and state tax payments, cash severance payments and costs associated with COVID-19.

Our ability to continue to generate sufficient cash flow required to meet ongoing operational needs and obligations, capital expenditures, future potential dividend payments and potential future share repurchases depends on several factors, including executing on our contracts and initiatives, receiving license royalty payments from Tinuum Group and distributions from Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services, and increasing our share of the market for PGI consumables, including expanding our overall AC business into additional adjacent markets. Increased distributions from Tinuum Group will likely be dependent upon both preserving existing contractual relationships and securing additional tax equity investors for those Tinuum Group facilities that are currently not operating.

We incur significant recurring capital expenditures for our AC manufacturing facility and for mine development at our lignite mine. For 2020, we anticipate that our capital expenditures will be lower than 2019 as we will not have significant planned maintenance expenditures for the balance of 2020 at our lignite mine as we did in 2019. For 2021, we expect to incur capital expenditures above the level of 2020 primarily due to planned maintenance at our lignite mine.

Our liquidity was negatively impacted from COVID-19 due to increased operating losses in our PGI segment from higher operating costs as a result of measures taken to support our ability to deliver as a critical infrastructure business, primarily from sequestration efforts and "hazard pay," which is a premium on wages, for a substantial number of our employees, and overall plant operating inefficiencies. However, in April 2020, we took steps to enhance our short-term liquidity through the PPP as discussed below.

Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services Distributions

The following table summarizes the cash distributions from our equity method investments that most significantly affected

our consolidated cash flow results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Tinuum Group	$	35,226	$	50,256
Tinuum Services	7,002		6,550
Distributions from equity method investees	$	42,228	$	56,806

Cash distributions from Tinuum Group for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $15.0 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to reductions in lease payments received by Tinuum Group from its largest customer as a result of renegotiations of certain leases, which occurred in the second half of 2019 between Tinuum Group and this customer, and the shuttering of two coal-fired utilities in the fourth quarter of 2019 where two invested RC facilities were operating.

Future cash flows from Tinuum through 2021 are expected to range from $90 million to $110 million. The key drivers in achieving these future cash flows are based on the following:

•21 invested facilities as of September 30, 2020 and inclusive of all net Tinuum cash flows (distributions and license

44

    royalties), offset by estimated federal and state income tax payments and 453A interest payments.

Expected future cash flows from Tinuum Group are based on the following key assumptions:

•Tinuum Group continues to not operate retained facilities;

•Tinuum Group does not have material unexpected capital expenditures or unusual operating expenses;

•Tax equity lease renewals on invested facilities are not terminated or repriced; and

•Coal-fired power generation remains consistent with contractual expectations.

PPP Loan

On April 21, 2020, we entered into a loan (the "PPP Loan") under the PPP through BOK, NA dba Bank of Oklahoma (the "Lender") providing for $3.3 million in proceeds, which amount was funded on April 21, 2020. The PPP Loan matures April 21, 2022 and provides for 18 monthly payments of principal and interest commencing on November 21, 2020. The interest rate on the PPP Loan is 1.00%. The PPP Loan is unsecured and contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, making materially false and misleading representations to the SBA or the Lender, or breaching the terms of the PPP Loan. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the repayment of all amounts outstanding, collection of all amounts owing from us, or filing suit and obtaining judgment against us. The PPP Loan may be forgiven subject to the terms of the PPP and approval by the SBA.

Our business has been classified as an essential business and therefore we continue to operate on a modified basis to comply with governmental restrictions and public health authority guidelines. In April 2020, we sequestered approximately 60 employees to continue to run our manufacturing plant and build-up inventory in order to supply our customers. This resulted in additional costs as the sequestered employees received hazard pay. We used proceeds from the PPP Loan to fund our payroll costs.

Senior Term Loan

On December 7, 2018, we and ADA-ES, Inc. ("ADA"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, and certain other subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, The Bank of New York Mellon as administrative agent, and Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd and Apollo A-N Credit Fund (Delaware) L.P. (collectively "Apollo”), affiliates of a beneficial owner of greater than five percent of our common stock and a related party, entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement (the "Senior Term Loan") in the amount of $70.0 million, less original issue discount of $2.1 million. Proceeds from the Senior Term Loan were used to fund the acquisition of Carbon Solutions as disclosed in Note 8. We also paid debt issuance costs of $2.0 million related to the Senior Term Loan. The Senior Term Loan has a term of 36 months and bears interest at a rate equal to 3-month LIBOR (subject to a 1.5% floor) + 4.75% per annum, which is adjusted quarterly to the current 3-month LIBOR rate, and interest is payable quarterly in arrears. Quarterly principal payments of $6.0 million are required and commenced in March 2019, and we may prepay the Senior Term Loan at any time without penalty. The Senior Term Loan is secured by substantially all of our assets, including the cash flows from Tinuum Group and Tinuum Services (collectively, the "Tinuum Entities"), but excluding our equity interests in those Tinuum entities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we made principal payments of $18.0 million.

The Senior Term Loan includes, among others, the following covenants: (1) Beginning December 31, 2018 and as of the end of each fiscal quarter thereafter, we must maintain a minimum cash balance of $5.0 million and shall not permit "expected future net cash flows from the refined coal business" (as defined in the Senior Term Loan) to be less than 1.75 times the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Term Loan; (2) Beginning in January 2019, annual collective dividends and buybacks of shares of our common stock in an aggregate amount, not to exceed $30.0 million, is permitted so long as (a) no default or event of default exists under the Senior Term Loan and (b) expected future net cash flows from the refined coal business as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter exceed $100.0 million.

Pursuant to entering into the PPP Loan, on April 20, 2020, we and Apollo executed the First Amendment to the Senior Term Loan, which permitted us to enter into the PPP Loan.

Stock Repurchases and Dividends

In November 2018, our Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized us to purchase up to $20.0 million of our outstanding common stock under a stock repurchase program (the "Stock Repurchase Program"), which was to remain in effect until December 31, 2019 unless otherwise modified by the Board. As of November 2019, $2.9 million remained outstanding related to the Stock Repurchase Program. In November 2019, the Board authorized an incremental $7.1 million to the Stock Repurchase Program and provided that it will remain in effect until all amounts are utilized or it is otherwise modified by the Board.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, under the Stock Repurchase Program, we purchased 20,613 shares of our common stock for cash of $0.2 million, inclusive of commissions and fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, under the Stock Repurchase Program, we purchased 256,743 shares of our common stock for cash of $2.9 million, inclusive of commissions and fees. As of September 30, 2020, we had $7.0 million remaining under the Stock Repurchase Program.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we declared and paid quarterly cash dividends to stockholders of $5.0 million and $13.7 million, respectively.

Line of Credit

On September 29, 2020, ADA-ES, Inc. ("ADA"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, as borrower, we, as guarantor, and a bank (the "Lender") entered into an amendment to the 2013 Loan and Security Agreement (the "Line of Credit"). This amendment (the "Line of Credit Amendment") extended the maturity date of the Line of Credit to March 31, 2021. The Line of Credit Amendment retained covenants contained in prior amendments to the Line of Credit, which included ADA's ability to enter into the Senior Term Loan as a guarantor so long as the principal amount of the Senior Term Loan did not exceed $70.0 million and the revision of covenants that were consistent with the Senior Term Loan covenants, including maintaining a minimum cash balance of $5.0 million.

As of September 30, 2020, we have $5.0 million of borrowing availability and no outstanding borrowings under the Line of Credit.

Customer Supply Agreement and Acquisition of Marshall Mine

We believe the Supply Agreement will provide material incremental volume and capture lower operating cost efficiencies of our manufacturing plant providing additional sources of operating cash flows in the future. Full and partial reimbursements on capital expenditures will help limit our uses of investing cash flows. Further, we intend to fund the remaining portion of the Reclamation Costs from cash on hand as well as cash generated from the Supply Agreement.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased from $17.1 million as of December 31, 2019 to $25.0 million as of September 30, 2020. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		Change
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	34,918	$	47,598	$	(12,680)
Investing activities	(5,602)		(9,174)		3,572
Financing activities	(21,367)		(42,041)		20,674
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	7,949	$	(3,617)	$	11,566

Cash flow from operating activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $12.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The net decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $47.2 million, a decrease period over period in distributions from equity method investments, return on investment of $14.6 million, and an increase in the net increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $8.6 million primarily due to increases in prepaid income taxes and federal and state income tax benefits. Offsetting this net decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities was a decrease period over period in earnings from equity method investees of $31.1 million and an increase of $5.5 million in the net change in accrued payroll and related liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Cash flow from investing activities

Cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $3.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily from a decrease in cash paid for acquisition of property, plant, equipment, and intangible assets and mine development costs of $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Also included in the decrease was $0.7 million related to cash consideration paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 for the acquisition of Carbon Solutions.

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Cash flow from financing activities

Cash flows used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $20.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily from proceeds received from the PPP Loan of $3.3 million in April 2020 and decreases period over period in dividends paid of $8.8 million, principal loan repayments on the Senior Term Loan of $6.0 million and repurchases of common shares of $2.8 million.

Contractual Obligations

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations outside of the ordinary course of business from those reported as of December 31, 2019 except for the incurrence of an asset retirement obligation of $21.3 million recorded as September 30, 2020 related to the Reclamation Contract, Purchase Agreement and Supply Agreement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we did not engage in any off-balance sheet arrangements except those discussed in Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the 2019 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies and estimates have not changed from those reported in Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the 2019 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 1 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for new accounting standards applicable to us that were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and subsequent thereto through the date of this Quarterly Report.

Forward-Looking Statements Found in this Report

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that involve risks and uncertainties. In particular, such forward-looking statements are found in this Part I, Item 2 above. Words or phrases such as "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "predicts," the negative expressions of such words, or similar expressions are used in this Quarterly Report to identify forward-looking statements, and such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements or expectations regarding:

(a)the scope and impact of mercury and other regulations or pollution control requirements, including the impact of the final MATS;

(b)the production and sale of RC by RC facilities that will qualify for Section 45 tax credits;

(c)expected growth or contraction in and potential size of our target markets;

(d)expected supply and demand for our products and services;

(e)expected operating cost efficiencies and positive impact to our gross margin from operations tied to our Supply Agreement;

(f)increasing competition in the PGI market;

(g)future level of research and development activities;

(h)the effectiveness of our technologies and the benefits they provide;

(i)Tinuum Group’s ability to profitably sell and/or lease additional RC facilities and/or RC facilities that may be returned to Tinuum Group, or to recognize the tax benefits from production and sale of RC on retained RC facilities and the effect of these factors on Tinuum Group's future earnings and distributions;

(j)probability of any loss occurring with respect to certain guarantees made by Tinuum Group;

(k)the timing of awards of, and work and related testing under, our contracts and agreements and their value;

(l)the timing and amounts of or changes in future revenues, royalties earned, backlog, funding for our business and projects, margins, expenses, earnings, tax rates, cash flows, royalty payment obligations, working capital, liquidity and other financial and accounting measures;

(m)the outcome of current legal proceedings;

(n)awards of patents designed to protect our proprietary technologies both in the U.S. and other countries;

(o)whether any legal challenges or EPA actions will have a material impact on the implementation of the MATS or other regulations and on our ongoing business;

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(p)expected reclamation costs subject to certain contingencies and timeline for the closing and associated reclamation of the Marshall Mine;

(q)the evolving impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic to our business;

(r)whether any amounts under the PPP loan will be forgiven;

(s)the tax impact of the use of or forgiveness of funds received or forgiven under the PPP loan; and

(t)the future output of coal-fired power dispatch which affects that demand and future cash flow for our PGI products and may result in future additional impairment of the Asset Group.

The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report involve risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, timing of new and pending regulations and any legal challenges to or extensions of compliance dates of them; the U.S. government’s failure to promulgate regulations or appropriate funds that benefit our business; availability, cost of and demand for alternative energy sources and other technologies; changes in laws and regulations, accounting rules, prices, economic conditions and market demand; impact of competition; technical, start up and operational difficulties; failure of the RC facilities to produce RC; termination of or amendments to the contracts for sale or lease of RC facilities or such facilities to qualify for Section 45 tax credits; decreases in the production of RC; our inability to commercialize our technologies on favorable terms; our inability to ramp up our operations to effectively address recent and expected growth in our business; our ability to mitigate or manage disruptions posed by COVID-19; the impact of COVID-19 and changes in U.S. economic conditions that materially impact the demand for our products and services, loss of key personnel; potential claims from any terminated employees, customers or vendors; availability of materials and equipment for our businesses; intellectual property infringement claims from third parties; pending litigation; as well as other factors relating to our business, as described in our filings with the SEC, with particular emphasis on the risk factor disclosures contained in those filings. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report and to consult filings we have made and will make with the SEC for additional discussion concerning risks and uncertainties that may apply to our business and the ownership of our securities. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report are presented as of the date hereof, and we disclaim any duty to update such statements unless required by law to do so.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information under this Item is not required to be provided by smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a‑15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), we have evaluated, under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in litigation, claims and other proceedings related to the conduct of our business. Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 13 "Commitments and Contingencies" to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are no material updates to our risk factors as disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K except as set forth below. This risk factor should be read together with the risk factors in the 2019 Form 10-K.

The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing economic downturn has affected, and is expected to continue to affect and pose risks to our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows; and other epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases may have a similar impact.

In March 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States ("U.S.") and the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. We have been designated by CISA as a critical infrastructure supplier to the energy sector. This designation provides some latitude in continuing to conduct our business operations compared to companies in other industries and markets. While we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures, our compliance with these measures has impacted our day-to-day operations and could disrupt our business and operations, as well as that of our key customers, suppliers and other counterparties, for an indefinite period of time. To support the health and well-being of our employees, customers, partners and communities, a vast majority of our employees not directly involved in operating our plant, have been working remotely since March 2020. In addition, many of our customers are working remotely, which may delay the timing of some orders and deliveries expected in the second quarter of 2020 and beyond. The disruptions to our operations caused by COVID-19 may result in inefficiencies, delays and additional costs in our manufacturing, sales, marketing, and customer service efforts that we cannot fully mitigate through remote or other alternative work arrangements. Although such disruptions did not have a material adverse impact on our financial results for the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we incurred additional operating costs for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, which included hazard pay, cleaning costs and sequestration costs related to our operating plant personnel. For the balance of 2020, we may see reduced demand for our products due to reduced interaction with our customers and our inability to target new customers and markets.

More generally, the pandemic raises the possibility of an extended global economic downturn and has caused volatility in financial markets, which could affect demand for our products and services and impact our results and financial condition even after the pandemic is contained and the shelter-in-place orders are lifted. For example, a decrease in orders in a given period could negatively affect our revenues in future periods, particularly if experienced on a sustained basis. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact of COVID-19 to our business.

As previously disclosed, in April 2020, we entered into a loan (the "PPP Loan") in the amount of $3.3 million through a bank under the Paycheck Protection Program sponsored by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"). The PPP loan became available to us pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act and is administered by the SBA. We entered into the PPP Loan to provide additional liquidity in light of our COVID-19-related higher employee costs. Proceeds from the PPP Loan were used to cover a portion of our existing payroll and related expenses, including sequestration pay for certain employees, as well as certain other operating costs as permitted under the Paycheck Protection Program. We expect that current cash and cash equivalent balances, inclusive of the PPP Loan, and cash flows that are generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs and other capital and liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, if our business is more adversely impacted by COVID-19 than we expect, and our personnel costs remain higher than budgeted, our cash needs could increase.

Further, we assessed the impact on our existing internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020 and going forward under the current state of COVID-19. We performed procedures to ensure that existing internal control over financial reporting was operating effectively as March 31, 2020 and will continue to operate effectively for the foreseeable future. Such procedures included, but were not limited to, developing a COVID- 19 risk assessment identifying the risks of fraud, changes required in our internal control framework as well as other business information technology and cybersecurity risks. As a result of these procedures and conclusions reached, we did not implement any changes to our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

The statement concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this Quarterly Report.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits  

Exhibit No.	Description	Form	File No.	Incorporated by Reference Exhibit	Filing Date
10.1	Fourteenth Amendment of 2013 Loan and Security Agreement by and among ADA-ES,Inc., Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc., and BOK, NA d/b/a Bank of Oklahoma dated as of September 29, 2020	8-K	001-37822	10.1	September 29, 2020
10.2	Master Agreement for Supply of Furnace Products between ADA Carbon Solutions, LLC and Cabot Norit Americas, Inc.**	8-K	001-37822	10.1	September 30, 2020
10.3	Amended and Restated Lignite Mining Agreement among Caddo Creek Resources Company, L.L.C., ADA Carbon Solutions (Operations), LLC, Marshall Mine, LLC and The North American Coal Corporation dated as of September 30, 2020**	8-K	001-37822	10.2	September 30, 2020
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. Pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)*
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. Pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)*
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
95.1	Mine Safety Disclosure Exhibit*
101. INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Notes:

*    – Filed herewith.

**    – Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc.
	(Registrant)
November 9, 2020	By:	/s/ Greg P. Marken
		Greg P. Marken
		Interim Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
November 9, 2020	By:	/s/ Christine A. Bellino
		Christine A. Bellino
		Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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