| Summary of principal accounting policies | 2. Summary of principal accounting policies Basis of presentation and consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the activities of the following subsidiaries and VIE: Moxian CN Samoa, Moxian BVI, Moxian HK, Moxian Shenzhen, Moxian Malaysia, Moyi, Moxian Beijing and Moxian IP Samoa. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation. On May 24, 2016, the Board of approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a ratio of 1-for-2 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Reverse Stock Split was effective on June 20, 2016 (the “Effective Date”). Simultaneously with the Reverse Stock Split, the number of shares of the Company’s authorized Common Stock was reduced from 500,000,000 shares to 250,000,000 shares without changes in par value per share. The Company has retroactively restated all shares and per share data for all the periods presented. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, variable interest entities (“VIEs”) are generally entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision making ability. All VIEs with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE for financial reporting purposes. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10 “Consolidation” addresses whether certain types of entities referred to as VIEs, should be consolidated in a company’s consolidated financial statements. Pursuant to an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and between Moxian Shenzhen and Moyi, dated July 15, 2014, Moxian Shenzhen has the exclusive right to provide to Moyi technical and systems support, marketing consulting services, training for technical personnel and technical consulting services. As payment for these services, Moyi has agreed to pay Moxian Shenzhen a service fee equal to 100% Moyi’s pre-tax profit. In addition, Moxian Shenzhen will also absorb losses from Moyi, if any, based on the service agreement. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 810, the Company has determined that Moyi is a VIE of Moxian Shenzhen and that the Company is the primary beneficiary, and accordingly, the financial statements of Moyi are consolidated into the results of the Company. The following assets and liabilities of the VIE are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company as of September 30, 2017 and 2016:
September 30, 2017
September 30, 2016
Current assets $ 3,082 $ 20,565
Non-current assets - 107,980
Total assets $ 3,082 $ 128,545
Current liabilities $ 732,910 $ 447,653
Non-current liabilities - -
Total liabilities $ 732,910 $ 447,653 Going Concern In assessing the Company’s liquidity and its ability to continue as a going concern, the Company monitors and analyzes its cash and cash equivalents and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet its working capital requirements, operating expenses and capital expenditure obligations. As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s current liabilities exceeded the current assets by approximately $4.1 million, its accumulated deficit was approximately $38.6 million and the Company has incurred losses since inception. On November 14, 2016, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) with net proceeds of $8.5.0 million after deducting placement agents’ commission and other offering costs, which helps the Company’s cash flow in fiscal 2017. However, as of the date of this report, the Company has utilized all of the IPO proceeds and is not generating sufficient revenue to support its operations. The Company hopes to fund its cash flow shortfalls as follows:
● Financial support commitments from the Company’s major stockholders and a related party
● Seeking additional public and/or private issuance of securities. On November 10, 2017, the Company and Ms. Liu Shu Juan, a director of the Company, entered into a convertible loan agreement for a line of credit of $1,000,000 or RMB equivalent. Pursuant to the loan agreement, Moxian will issue an unsecured convertible promissory note, which bears the interest rate of 4.75% per annum and due in one year. Ms. Liu Shu Jian has the right to convert all or any portion of the outstanding and unpaid principal and interest of the note into shares of the Company’s common stock with the conversion price of daily average VWAP per share for the 20 consecutive business days prior to the conversion date. As of January 3, 2018, the Company has drawn-down approximately US$610,000 (RMB 6.2 million) of the facility. (See Note 8) If the Company is unable to obtain the necessary additional capital on a timely basis and on acceptable terms, it will be unable to implement its current plans for expansion, repay debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures. Any of these factors would have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations and raise substantial doubts about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern. Risks and Uncertainties The Company’s operations are substantially carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations maybe substantially influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things. Fair value of financial instruments The Company follows the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” ASC 820 clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1-Observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date. Level 2-Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect management’s assumptions based on the best available information. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, prepayments, deposits and other receivables, accruals and other payables, loans from related parties and unrelated party approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates required to be made by management include but not limited to, useful lives of property and equipment, provision for doubtful accounts, intangible assets valuation, inventory valuation, value added recoverable valuation and deferred tax assets valuation. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in financial institutions located in the PRC. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to bank deposits, the Company primarily places bank deposits with large financial institutions in the PRC with acceptable credit rating. Restricted cash Restricted cash represented cash held by depository banks in order to comply with the provisions of certain debt agreements, as well as the cash held in an indemnification escrow account pursuant to the financing agreement signed with the placement agents. The balances held by depository banks are subject to withdrawal restrictions and totaled $65,590 as of September 30, 2016. Under the terms of the placement agreement, the cash of $500,000 in the escrow account must be kept for a period of two years after the completion of the IPO, therefore, recorded as restricted cash, long-term as of September 30, 2017. On November 9, 2017, $330,000 was released from this account with the approval of the placement agents and the escrow agents. Inventories Inventories consist of merchandise and are stated at the lower of cost or market value, and cost is calculated on the moving weighted average basis. The cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present condition. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, there was no lower of cost or market adjustment because the carrying value of the Company’s inventories was lower than the current and expected market price. Prepayments, deposits and other receivables Prepayments and deposits represent amounts advanced to suppliers. The suppliers usually require advance payments or deposits when the Company makes purchase or orders service and the prepayments and deposits will be utilized to offset the Company’s future payments. Other receivables mainly consist of various cash advances to employees for business needs. These amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing and generally short-term in nature. Allowances are recorded when utilization and collection of amounts due are in doubt. Delinquent prepayments, deposits and other receivables are written-off after management has determined that the likelihood of utilization or collection is not probable and known bad debts are written off against the allowances when identified. Deferred offering costs Deferred offering costs consisted principally of legal, underwriting and registration costs in connection with the IPO of the Company’s ordinary shares. Such costs are deferred until the closing of the offering, at which time the deferred costs are offset against the offering proceeds. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Significant additions or improvements extending useful lives of assets are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:
Electronic equipment 3-6 years
Furniture and fixtures 3-6 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease Intangible assets, net Intangible assets, comprising Intellectual property rights (“IP rights”) and software, which are separable from property and equipment, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 3- 10 years. Impairment of long-lived Assets The Company classifies its long-lived assets into: (i) computer and office equipment; (ii) furniture and fixtures, (iii) leasehold improvements, and (iv) finite – lived intangible assets. Long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. It is possible that these assets could become impaired as a result of technology, economy or other industry changes. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, relief from royalty income approach, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. The Company makes various assumptions and estimates regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values of the respective assets. The assumptions and estimates used to determine future values and remaining useful lives of long-lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as the Company’s business strategy and its forecasts for specific market expansion. Due to the continuing losses from operations with minimal revenues, the Company recognized impairment losses of $3,009,732 and $3,321,665 for the IP rights and other intangible assets during the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Revenue recognition The Company currently recognizes revenue from the sale of merchandise through its online platforms. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue is recorded on a gross basis, net of surcharges and value added tax ("VAT"). The Company recorded revenue on a gross basis because the Company has the following indicators for gross reporting: it is the primary obligor of the sales arrangements, is subject to inventory risks of physical loss, has latitude in establishing prices, has discretion in suppliers' selection and assumes credit risks on receivables from customers. Revenue from advertising is recognized as advertisements are displayed. Revenue from software development services comprises revenue from time and material and fixed price contracts. Revenue from time and material contracts are recognized as related services are performed. Revenue on fixed price contracts is recognized in accordance with percentage of completion method of accounting. Income taxes The Company utilizes ASC Topic 740 (“ASC 740”) “Income taxes”, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. ASC 740 “Income taxes” clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. This interpretation requires that an entity recognizes in the financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company has elected to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as part of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company evaluate the level of authority for each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not anticipate any significant increase to its liability for unrecognized tax benefit within the next 12 months. As of September 30, 2017, the tax years ended December 31, 2011 through to December 31, 2016 for the Company’s PRC entities remain open for statutory examination by the PRC tax authorities. Foreign currency transactions and translation The reporting currency of the Company is United States Dollars (the “USD”) and the functional currency of Moxian Shenzhen, Moyi and Moxian Beijing is Renminbi (the “RMB”).The functional currency of Moxian HK is Hong Kong Dollar (the “HKD”), and the functional currency of Moxian Malaysia is Malaysia Ringgit (the “RM”). For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of Moxian Shenzhen, Moyi, Moxian Beijing, Moxian HK and Moxian Malaysia, which are prepared using their respective functional currencies, are translated into the reporting currency, USD so to be consolidated with the Company’s. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency are translated into the reporting currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated using average rates prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ deficiency. Translation loss of $42,522 and translation gain of $108,710 are recognized in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The exchange rates applied are as follows:
Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016
RMB:USD 6.6549 6.6702
HKD:USD 7.8116 7.7550
RM:USD 4.2225 4.1356 Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and statements cash flows:
Years Ended September 30,
2017 2016
RMB:USD 6.8135 6.5326
HKD:USD 7.7799 7.7605
RM:USD 4.3418 4.1337 Research and Development Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, and other related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development, programming costs, and localization costs incurred to translate software for local markets. Such costs related to software development are included in research and development expense until the point that technological feasibility is reached. Once technological feasibility is reached, such costs are capitalized and amortized as part of the cost of revenue over the estimated lives of the products. Loss per share Basic loss per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period while the effects of potential common shares outstanding during the period are included in diluted earnings per share. FASB Accounting Standard Codification Topic 260 (“ASC 260”), “Earnings Per Share,” requires that employee equity share options, non-vested shares and similar equity instruments granted to employees be treated as potential common shares in computing diluted earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share should be based on the actual number of options or shares granted and not yet forfeited, unless doing so would be anti-dilutive. The Company uses the “treasury stock” method for equity instruments granted in share-based payment transactions provided in ASC 260 to determine diluted earnings per share. Antidilutive securities represent potentially dilutive securities which are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings or loss per share as their impact was antidilutive. Due to the Company’s net loss for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the basic and diluted loss per share are same for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Recent accounting pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which supersedes or replaces nearly all GAAP revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance establishes a new control-based revenue recognition model, changes the basis for deciding when revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time and will expand disclosures about revenue. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2014-09. No significant impact is expected upon the adoption of the new guidance at the time of adoption based upon outstanding contracts at the time. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), to increase the transparency and comparability about leases among entities. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a corresponding lease asset for virtually all lease contracts. It also requires additional disclosures about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and requires a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this update will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In October 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Interest Held through Related Parties That Are under Common Control, to provide guidance on the evaluation of whether a reporting entity is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by amending how a reporting entity, that is a single decision maker of a VIE, treats indirect interests in that entity held through related parties that are under common control. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of this ASU will not have any impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company did not have any interest held through related parties with common control. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash". The amendments address diversity in practice that exists in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this ASU on the statement of cash flows will increase cash and cash equivalents by the amount of the restricted cash on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business". The amendments in this ASU clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Basically, these amendments provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU first, require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and second, remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. These amendments take effect for public businesses for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those periods, and all other entities should apply these amendments for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. On May 16, 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-10 in response to a consensus reached by the EITF at its March 2017 meeting. The ASU addresses “diversity in practice in how an operating entity determines the customer of the operation services for transactions within the scope of ASC 853” by “clarifying that the grantor is the customer of the operation services in all cases for those arrangements.” The amendments also allow for a “more consistent application of other aspects of the revenue guidance, which are affected by this customer determination.” For entities that have not yet adopted ASC 606, the effective date is aligned with that for ASC 606. For public business entities that have adopted ASC 606, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For most other entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. On October 2, 2017, The FASB has issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2017-13, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments.” The ASU adds SEC paragraphs to the new revenue and leases sections of the Codification on the announcement the SEC Observer made at the 20 July 2017 Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) meeting. The SEC Observer said that the SEC staff would not object if entities that are considered public business entities only because their financial statements or financial information is required to be included in another entity’s SEC filing use the effective dates for private companies when they adopt ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and ASC 842, Leases. This would include entities whose financial statements are included in another entity’s SEC filing because they are significant acquirees under Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X, significant equity method investees under Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X and equity method investees whose summarized financial information is included in a registrant’s financial statement notes under Rule 4-08(g) of Regulation S-X. The ASU also supersedes certain SEC paragraphs in the Codification related to previous SEC staff announcements and moves other paragraphs, upon adoption of ASC 606 or ASC 842. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. On November 22, 2017, he FASB No. 2017-14, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 116 and SEC Release 33-10403.” The ASU amends various paragraphs in ASC 220, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income; ASC 605, Revenue Recognition; and ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers, that contain SEC guidance. The amendments include superseding ASC 605-10-S25-1 (SAB Topic 13) as a result of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 116 and adding ASC 606-10-S25-1 as a result of SEC Release No. 33-10403. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows. |
