Finance Receivables, Credit Quality Information, and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4. Finance Receivables, Credit Quality Information, and Allowance for Credit Losses Net finance receivables for the periods indicated consisted of the following: December 31, Dollars in thousands 2024 2023 Large loans $ 1,336,780 $ 1,274,137 Small loans 554,686 493,473 Retail loans 1,069 3,800 Total $ 1,892,535 $ 1,771,410 Net finance receivables included net deferred origination fees of $ 15.7 million and $ 15.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The credit quality of the Company’s finance receivable portfolio is dependent on the Company’s ability to enforce sound underwriting standards, maintain diligent servicing of the portfolio, and respond to changing economic conditions as it grows its portfolio. The allowance for credit losses uses FICO scores and delinquency by product type as key data points in estimating the allowance. The Company uses six FICO band categories to assess FICO scores. The first three FICO band categories include subprime FICO scores below 620. The fourth and fifth FICO band categories include near-prime FICO scores ranging from 620 to 659. The sixth FICO band category includes prime FICO scores of 660 or higher. Net finance receivables by product, FICO band at origination, and origination year as of December 31, 2024 are as follows: Net Finance Receivables by Origination Year Dollars in thousands 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Net Finance Receivables Large Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 86,776 $ 37,750 $ 12,457 $ 3,950 $ 793 $ 373 $ 142,099 2 55,211 19,464 6,171 1,602 173 92 82,713 3 90,642 35,777 16,579 4,224 339 59 147,620 4 125,867 52,564 25,521 6,140 570 100 210,762 5 137,243 58,604 28,564 8,148 784 36 233,379 6 300,714 140,149 62,303 15,514 1,464 63 520,207 Total $ 796,453 $ 344,308 $ 151,595 $ 39,578 $ 4,123 $ 723 $ 1,336,780 Small Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 67,809 $ 11,905 $ 1,737 $ 257 $ 40 $ 26 $ 81,774 2 32,851 5,799 689 59 4 2 39,404 3 52,846 9,456 873 49 4 1 63,229 4 67,200 12,903 924 39 5 5 81,076 5 75,458 16,882 1,313 22 3 3 93,681 6 160,551 32,671 2,263 29 5 3 195,522 Total $ 456,715 $ 89,616 $ 7,799 $ 455 $ 61 $ 40 $ 554,686 Retail Loans: FICO Band 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2 $ 2 2 — — 66 2 — — 68 3 — — 188 27 — 1 216 4 — — 237 55 4 2 298 5 — — 187 47 — — 234 6 — — 199 51 — 1 251 Total $ — $ — $ 877 $ 182 $ 4 $ 6 $ 1,069 Total Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 154,585 $ 49,655 $ 14,194 $ 4,207 $ 833 $ 401 $ 223,875 2 88,062 25,263 6,926 1,663 177 94 122,185 3 143,488 45,233 17,640 4,300 343 61 211,065 4 193,067 65,467 26,682 6,234 579 107 292,136 5 212,701 75,486 30,064 8,217 787 39 327,294 6 461,265 172,820 64,765 15,594 1,469 67 715,980 Total $ 1,253,168 $ 433,924 $ 160,271 $ 40,215 $ 4,188 $ 769 $ 1,892,535 Net finance receivables by product, FICO band, and origination year as of December 31, 2023 are as follows: Net Finance Receivables by Origination Year Dollars in thousands 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Net Finance Receivables Large Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 83,107 $ 28,068 $ 9,542 $ 2,510 $ 980 $ 347 $ 124,554 2 46,855 16,964 5,342 1,077 309 83 70,630 3 86,191 45,778 14,999 2,201 316 66 149,551 4 120,054 65,753 20,712 3,481 592 55 210,647 5 128,901 69,706 23,779 4,043 496 22 226,947 6 291,795 144,663 46,630 7,936 732 52 491,808 Total $ 756,903 $ 370,932 $ 121,004 $ 21,248 $ 3,425 $ 625 $ 1,274,137 Small Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 64,664 $ 10,459 $ 1,625 $ 172 $ 68 $ 18 $ 77,006 2 31,289 5,886 724 36 11 9 37,955 3 51,222 8,099 717 31 6 1 60,076 4 65,743 10,074 679 19 10 3 76,528 5 74,207 13,838 632 14 4 1 88,696 6 126,400 25,679 1,111 15 5 2 153,212 Total $ 413,525 $ 74,035 $ 5,488 $ 287 $ 104 $ 34 $ 493,473 Retail Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 1 $ — $ 2 $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 10 2 — 213 30 — — — 243 3 — 634 211 3 1 1 850 4 — 650 352 36 — 4 1,042 5 — 508 278 24 — 4 814 6 — 524 286 28 2 1 841 Total $ 1 $ 2,529 $ 1,159 $ 92 $ 4 $ 15 $ 3,800 Total Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 147,772 $ 38,527 $ 11,169 $ 2,683 $ 1,049 $ 370 $ 201,570 2 78,144 23,063 6,096 1,113 320 92 108,828 3 137,413 54,511 15,927 2,235 323 68 210,477 4 185,797 76,477 21,743 3,536 602 62 288,217 5 203,108 84,052 24,689 4,081 500 27 316,457 6 418,195 170,866 48,027 7,979 739 55 645,861 Total $ 1,170,429 $ 447,496 $ 127,651 $ 21,627 $ 3,533 $ 674 $ 1,771,410 Credit losses by product and origination year for the periods indicated are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2024 Dollars in thousands 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Credit Losses Large loans $ 9,699 $ 67,711 $ 39,070 $ 11,197 $ 1,541 $ 474 $ 129,692 Small loans 13,156 55,584 11,316 822 42 33 80,953 Retail loans — — 441 232 14 10 697 Total $ 22,855 $ 123,295 $ 50,827 $ 12,251 $ 1,597 $ 517 $ 211,342 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Dollars in thousands 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Credit Losses Large loans $ 14,529 $ 78,938 $ 33,616 $ 5,116 $ 1,465 $ 254 $ 133,918 Small loans 14,484 60,298 10,244 599 60 7 85,692 Retail loans — 776 431 88 24 4 1,323 Total $ 29,013 $ 140,012 $ 44,291 $ 5,803 $ 1,549 $ 265 $ 220,933 The contractual delinquency of the net finance receivable portfolio by product and aging for the periods indicated are as follows: December 31, 2024 Large Small Retail Total Dollars in thousands $ % $ % $ % $ % Current $ 1,139,070 85.2 % $ 450,603 81.2 % $ 708 66.2 % $ 1,590,381 84.0 % 1 to 29 days past due 109,656 8.2 % 46,488 8.4 % 168 15.7 % 156,312 8.3 % Delinquent accounts: 30 to 59 days 22,909 1.7 % 13,998 2.5 % 41 3.9 % 36,948 1.9 % 60 to 89 days 21,493 1.6 % 13,699 2.5 % 50 4.7 % 35,242 1.9 % 90 to 119 days 16,609 1.3 % 11,443 2.1 % 33 3.1 % 28,085 1.5 % 120 to 149 days 14,357 1.1 % 9,602 1.7 % 28 2.6 % 23,987 1.3 % 150 to 179 days 12,686 0.9 % 8,853 1.6 % 41 3.8 % 21,580 1.1 % Total delinquency $ 88,054 6.6 % $ 57,595 10.4 % $ 193 18.1 % $ 145,842 7.7 % Total net finance receivables $ 1,336,780 100.0 % $ 554,686 100.0 % $ 1,069 100.0 % $ 1,892,535 100.0 % Net finance receivables in nonaccrual status $ 54,228 4.1 % $ 34,465 6.2 % $ 137 12.8 % $ 88,830 4.7 % December 31, 2023 Large Small Retail Total Dollars in thousands $ % $ % $ % $ % Current $ 1,084,518 85.1 % $ 406,203 82.4 % $ 2,620 69.0 % $ 1,493,341 84.3 % 1 to 29 days past due 109,483 8.6 % 45,119 9.1 % 594 15.6 % 155,196 8.8 % Delinquent accounts: 30 to 59 days 22,587 1.7 % 12,053 2.4 % 116 3.1 % 34,756 1.9 % 60 to 89 days 19,844 1.6 % 11,253 2.3 % 115 3.0 % 31,212 1.8 % 90 to 119 days 16,951 1.3 % 10,030 2.0 % 126 3.2 % 27,107 1.5 % 120 to 149 days 10,938 0.9 % 4,247 0.9 % 132 3.5 % 15,317 0.9 % 150 to 179 days 9,816 0.8 % 4,568 0.9 % 97 2.6 % 14,481 0.8 % Total delinquency $ 80,136 6.3 % $ 42,151 8.5 % $ 586 15.4 % $ 122,873 6.9 % Total net finance receivables $ 1,274,137 100.0 % $ 493,473 100.0 % $ 3,800 100.0 % $ 1,771,410 100.0 % Net finance receivables in nonaccrual status $ 44,627 3.5 % $ 21,850 4.4 % $ 394 10.4 % $ 66,871 3.8 % The accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when an account becomes 90 days delinquent. If a loan is charged off, the accrued interest is reversed as a reduction of interest and fee income. The Company reversed $ 23.6 million , $ 24.2 million , and $ 20.2 million of accrued interest as a reduction of interest and fee income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The following are reconciliations of the allowance for credit losses by product for the periods indicated: As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Dollars in thousands Large Small Retail Total Beginning balance $ 127,992 $ 58,736 $ 672 $ 187,400 Provision for credit losses 128,190 83,861 149 212,200 Credit losses ( 129,692 ) ( 80,953 ) ( 697 ) ( 211,342 ) Recoveries 7,016 4,182 44 11,242 Ending balance $ 133,506 $ 65,826 $ 168 $ 199,500 Net finance receivables $ 1,336,780 $ 554,686 $ 1,069 $ 1,892,535 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables 10.0 % 11.9 % 15.7 % 10.5 % As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Dollars in thousands Large Small Retail Total Beginning balance $ 119,592 $ 57,915 $ 1,293 $ 178,800 Provision for credit losses 136,638 82,745 651 220,034 Credit losses ( 133,918 ) ( 85,692 ) ( 1,323 ) ( 220,933 ) Recoveries 5,680 3,768 51 9,499 Ending balance $ 127,992 $ 58,736 $ 672 $ 187,400 Net finance receivables $ 1,274,137 $ 493,473 $ 3,800 $ 1,771,410 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables 10.0 % 11.9 % 17.7 % 10.6 % As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Dollars in thousands Large Small Retail Total Beginning balance $ 96,494 $ 61,294 $ 1,512 $ 159,300 Provision for credit losses 106,925 76,513 1,677 185,115 Credit losses ( 87,236 ) ( 82,842 ) ( 1,985 ) ( 172,063 ) Recoveries 3,409 2,950 89 6,448 Ending balance $ 119,592 $ 57,915 $ 1,293 $ 178,800 Net finance receivables $ 1,208,185 $ 481,605 $ 9,603 $ 1,699,393 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables 9.9 % 12.0 % 13.5 % 10.5 % The Company uses certain loan modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties as a loss mitigation strategy to improve collectability of the loans and assist customers through financial setbacks. The programs consist of offering payment deferrals, refinancing, and, in limited instances, settlements. Customers may also pursue financial assistance through external sources, such as filing for bankruptcy protection. Modification programs available to our customers are described in more detail below: • Customers with temporary hardships may be offered payment deferrals related to past due payments. Such deferrals extend the customer’s maturity date and are generally considered insignificant delays, unless the deferral exceeds three deferrals in a rolling twelve-month period. • Customers with delinquent loans who have made recent payments and have verified current employment are allowed to refinance their loan with a reduced interest rate and/or term extension, making the monthly payments more affordable. • The Company may also agree to settle a past-due loan by accepting less than the full principal balance owed, in certain limited cases, once it is determined that collection of the entire outstanding balance is unlikely. • Customers who receive bankruptcy protection may receive principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, and/or term extensions. The information relating to modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and their related percentage of applicable net finance receivables for the periods indicated are as follows: As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Large Small Total Dollars in thousands $ % $ % $ % Interest rate reduction & term extension $ 9,155 0.8 % $ 1,446 0.2 % $ 10,601 0.6 % Term extension 1,792 0.1 % 386 0.1 % 2,178 0.1 % Interest rate reduction 5,729 0.4 % 2,545 0.5 % 8,274 0.4 % Principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, & term extension 586 — 28 — 614 — Total $ 17,262 1.3 % $ 4,405 0.8 % $ 21,667 1.1 % As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Large Small Total Dollars in thousands $ % $ % $ % Interest rate reduction & term extension $ 12,687 1.0 % 2,112 0.4 % $ 14,799 0.8 % Principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, & term extension 288 — 37 — 325 — Term extension 930 0.1 % 346 0.1 % 1,276 0.1 % Total $ 13,905 1.1 % $ 2,495 0.5 % $ 16,400 0.9 % The financial effects of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the periods indicated are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2024 Loan Modification Product Financial Effect Principal forgiveness Large loans Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by $ 1.3 million. Small loans Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by $ 0.5 million. Interest rate reduction Large loans Reduced the weighted-average contractual interest rate by 12.6 %. Small loans Reduced the weighted-average contractual interest rate by 24.4 %. Term extension Large loans Added a weighted-average 1.5 years to the life of loans. Small loans Added a weighted-average 1.4 years to the life of loans. Year Ended December 31, 2023 Loan Modification Product Financial Effect Principal forgiveness Large loans Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by $ 1.0 million. Small loans Reduced the amortized cost basis of the loans by $ 0.5 million. Interest rate reduction Large loans Reduced the weighted-average contractual interest rate by 10.7 %. Small loans Reduced the weighted-average contractual interest rate by 13.6 %. Term extension Large loans Added a weighted-average 1.5 years to the life of loans. Small loans Added a weighted-average 1.4 years to the life of loans. The following tables provide the amortized cost basis for modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted. The Company defines payment default as 90 days past due for this disclosure. The respective amounts for each modification for the periods indicated are as follows: As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Dollars in thousands Large Small Total Interest rate reduction & term extension $ 1,608 $ 319 $ 1,927 Term extension 231 52 283 Interest rate reduction 858 280 1,138 Principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, & term extension 30 6 36 Total $ 2,727 $ 657 $ 3,384 As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Dollars in thousands Large Small Total Interest rate reduction & term extension $ 1,334 $ 248 $ 1,582 Term extension 27 3 30 Principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, & term extension 16 3 19 Total $ 1,377 $ 254 $ 1,631 The contractual delinquencies of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty within the previous twelve months for the periods indicated are as follows: December 31, 2024 Dollars in thousands Large Small Total Current $ 13,207 $ 3,138 $ 16,345 30 - 89 days past due 2,410 799 3,209 90+ days past due 1,645 468 2,113 Total (1) $ 17,262 $ 4,405 $ 21,667 (1) Excludes modified finance receivables that subsequently charged off of $ 1.4 million and $ 0.2 million in large and small loans, respectively . December 31, 2023 Dollars in thousands Large Small Total Current $ 11,289 $ 1,993 $ 13,282 30 - 89 days past due 1,691 325 2,016 90+ days past due 925 177 1,102 Total (1) $ 13,905 $ 2,495 $ 16,400 (1) Excludes modified finance receivables that subsequently charged off of $ 1.8 million and $ 0.4 million in large and small loans, respectively. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company classified a loan as a TDR finance receivable when the Company modified a loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and granted a concession that it would not have otherwise considered. The following table provides the number and amount of net finance receivables modified and classified as TDRs during the period presented: Year Ended December 31, 2022 Dollars in thousands Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Large loans $ 3,554 $ 20,537 Small loans 3,651 6,920 Retail loans 15 37 Total $ 7,220 $ 27,494 (1) Represents the post-modification net finance receivables balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. The following table provides the number of accounts and amortized cost basis of finance receivables that subsequently defaulted within the periods indicated (that were modified as a TDR in the preceding 12 months). The Company defines payment default as 90 days past due for this disclosure. The respective amounts and activity for the period indicated is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 Dollars in thousands Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Large loans 1,307 $ 7,704 Small loans 1,365 2,712 Retail loans 6 16 Total 2,678 $ 10,432 (1) Only includes defaults occurring within 12 months of a loan being designated as a TDR. Represents the corresponding balance of TDR net finance receivables at the end of the month in which they defaulted. |