Finance Receivables, Credit Quality Information, and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4. Finance Receivables, Credit Quality Information, and Allowance for Credit Losses Finance receivables for the periods indicated consisted of the following: December 31, Dollars in thousands 2021 2020 Small loans $ 445,023 $ 403,062 Large loans 969,351 715,210 Automobile loans 1,343 3,889 Retail loans 10,540 14,098 Net finance receivables $ 1,426,257 $ 1,136,259 Net finance receivables included net deferred origination fees of $14.2 million and $12.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The credit quality of the Company’s finance receivable portfolio is dependent on the Company’s ability to enforce sound underwriting standards, maintain diligent servicing of the portfolio, and respond to changing economic conditions as it grows its portfolio. The allowance for credit losses uses FICO scores and delinquency as key data points in estimating the allowance. The Company uses six FICO band categories to assess FICO scores. The first FICO band category includes the lowest FICO scores, while the sixth FICO band category includes the highest FICO scores. Net finance receivables by product, FICO band, and origination year as of December 31, 2021 are as follows: Net Finance Receivables by Origination Year Dollars in thousands 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Net Finance Receivables Small Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 71,720 $ 11,243 $ 2,202 $ 208 $ 44 $ 6 $ 85,423 2 48,507 5,805 856 33 11 3 55,215 3 52,113 6,278 764 24 5 1 59,185 4 56,631 6,834 689 31 8 1 64,194 5 57,058 8,484 615 14 2 1 66,174 6 96,149 17,837 835 7 3 1 114,832 Total small loans $ 382,178 $ 56,481 $ 5,961 $ 317 $ 73 $ 13 $ 445,023 Large Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 41,865 $ 19,447 $ 9,940 $ 2,714 $ 979 $ 483 $ 75,428 2 40,795 12,814 4,815 594 106 93 59,217 3 112,048 26,041 11,398 1,412 147 38 151,084 4 136,901 34,382 14,890 1,622 197 23 188,015 5 130,375 34,278 14,021 1,730 146 18 180,568 6 229,184 59,579 23,054 2,998 186 38 315,039 Total large loans $ 691,168 $ 186,541 $ 78,118 $ 11,070 $ 1,761 $ 693 $ 969,351 Automobile Loans: FICO Band 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 395 $ 166 $ 561 2 — — — — 149 78 227 3 — — — — 225 80 305 4 — — — — 87 27 114 5 — — — — 19 50 69 6 — — — — 49 18 67 Total automobile loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 924 $ 419 $ 1,343 Retail Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 19 $ 137 $ 207 $ 25 $ 1 $ 2 $ 391 2 161 86 150 13 1 — 411 3 1,177 338 156 17 4 4 1,696 4 1,699 840 363 56 4 2 2,964 5 1,415 678 337 46 7 1 2,484 6 1,563 702 295 30 2 2 2,594 Total retail loans $ 6,034 $ 2,781 $ 1,508 $ 187 $ 19 $ 11 $ 10,540 Total Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 113,604 $ 30,827 $ 12,349 $ 2,947 $ 1,419 $ 657 $ 161,803 2 89,463 18,705 5,821 640 267 174 115,070 3 165,338 32,657 12,318 1,453 381 123 212,270 4 195,231 42,056 15,942 1,709 296 53 255,287 5 188,848 43,440 14,973 1,790 174 70 249,295 6 326,896 78,118 24,184 3,035 240 59 432,532 Total loans $ 1,079,380 $ 245,803 $ 85,587 $ 11,574 $ 2,777 $ 1,136 $ 1,426,257 Net finance receivables by product, FICO band, and origination year as of December 31, 2020 are as follows: Net Finance Receivables by Origination Year Dollars in thousands 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total Net Finance Receivables Small Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 71,903 $ 17,229 $ 1,947 $ 209 $ 34 $ 12 $ 91,334 2 38,548 7,538 595 40 6 3 46,730 3 39,864 7,942 580 27 2 3 48,418 4 42,972 8,446 589 18 3 1 52,029 5 45,678 10,322 505 13 4 — 56,522 6 86,293 20,975 739 20 2 — 108,029 Total small loans $ 325,258 $ 72,452 $ 4,955 $ 327 $ 51 $ 19 $ 403,062 Large Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 46,971 $ 25,644 $ 7,515 $ 2,991 $ 741 $ 335 $ 84,197 2 35,514 14,256 2,405 562 106 97 52,940 3 72,192 34,235 6,287 1,123 51 53 113,941 4 86,483 41,440 6,762 1,193 61 19 135,958 5 79,936 38,027 7,049 1,342 20 16 126,390 6 129,706 58,564 11,635 1,800 65 14 201,784 Total large loans $ 450,802 $ 212,166 $ 41,653 $ 9,011 $ 1,044 $ 534 $ 715,210 Automobile Loans: FICO Band 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 901 $ 582 $ 229 $ 1,712 2 — — — 374 293 49 716 3 — — — 481 237 23 741 4 — — — 226 89 33 348 5 — — — 69 105 10 184 6 — — — 105 81 2 188 Total automobile loans $ — $ — $ — $ 2,156 $ 1,387 $ 346 $ 3,889 Retail Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 439 $ 893 $ 236 $ 18 $ 1 $ 1 $ 1,588 2 267 676 217 14 1 1 1,176 3 847 715 263 20 3 2 1,850 4 1,677 1,320 546 43 1 2 3,589 5 1,364 1,076 436 51 1 1 2,929 6 1,412 1,057 449 44 2 2 2,966 Total retail loans $ 6,006 $ 5,737 $ 2,147 $ 190 $ 9 $ 9 $ 14,098 Total Loans: FICO Band 1 $ 119,313 $ 43,766 $ 9,698 $ 4,119 $ 1,358 $ 577 $ 178,831 2 74,329 22,470 3,217 990 406 150 101,562 3 112,903 42,892 7,130 1,651 293 81 164,950 4 131,132 51,206 7,897 1,480 154 55 191,924 5 126,978 49,425 7,990 1,475 130 27 186,025 6 217,411 80,596 12,823 1,969 150 18 312,967 Total loans $ 782,066 $ 290,355 $ 48,755 $ 11,684 $ 2,491 $ 908 $ 1,136,259 The contractual delinquency of the finance receivable portfolio by product and aging for the periods indicated are as follows: December 31, 2021 Small Large Automobile Retail Total Dollars in thousands $ % $ % $ % $ % $ % Current $ 366,775 82.5 % $ 860,968 88.8 % $ 887 66.0 % $ 8,535 81.0 % $ 1,237,165 86.7 % 1 to 29 days past due 38,454 8.6 % 64,119 6.6 % 372 27.7 % 1,256 11.9 % 104,201 7.3 % Delinquent accounts 30 to 59 days 11,244 2.5 % 13,754 1.5 % 23 1.7 % 262 2.5 % 25,283 1.9 % 60 to 89 days 9,436 2.1 % 10,771 1.1 % 17 1.3 % 171 1.6 % 20,395 1.4 % 90 to 119 days 7,868 1.8 % 7,960 0.8 % 11 0.9 % 123 1.2 % 15,962 1.0 % 120 to 149 days 5,897 1.3 % 6,462 0.7 % 18 1.3 % 89 0.8 % 12,466 0.9 % 150 to 179 days 5,349 1.2 % 5,317 0.5 % 15 1.1 % 104 1.0 % 10,785 0.8 % Total delinquency $ 39,794 8.9 % $ 44,264 4.6 % $ 84 6.3 % $ 749 7.1 % $ 84,891 6.0 % Total net finance receivables $ 445,023 100.0 % $ 969,351 100.0 % $ 1,343 100.0 % $ 10,540 100.0 % $ 1,426,257 100.0 % Net finance receivables in nonaccrual status $ 21,285 4.8 % $ 23,405 2.4 % $ 90 6.7 % $ 390 3.7 % $ 45,170 3.2 % December 31, 2020 Small Large Automobile Retail Total Dollars in thousands $ % $ % $ % $ % $ % Current $ 342,744 85.0 % $ 633,806 88.6 % $ 2,729 70.2 % $ 11,188 79.3 % $ 990,467 87.2 % 1 to 29 days past due 32,615 8.1 % 50,145 7.0 % 864 22.2 % 1,718 12.2 % 85,342 7.5 % Delinquent accounts 30 to 59 days 8,195 2.1 % 9,808 1.4 % 49 1.2 % 329 2.3 % 18,381 1.6 % 60 to 89 days 6,907 1.7 % 7,639 1.1 % 119 3.1 % 290 2.1 % 14,955 1.3 % 90 to 119 days 4,866 1.2 % 5,407 0.8 % 29 0.7 % 194 1.4 % 10,496 0.9 % 120 to 149 days 4,193 1.0 % 4,648 0.6 % 37 1.0 % 207 1.5 % 9,085 0.8 % 150 to 179 days 3,542 0.9 % 3,757 0.5 % 62 1.6 % 172 1.2 % 7,533 0.7 % Total delinquency $ 27,703 6.9 % $ 31,259 4.4 % $ 296 7.6 % $ 1,192 8.5 % $ 60,450 5.3 % Total net finance receivables $ 403,062 100.0 % $ 715,210 100.0 % $ 3,889 100.0 % $ 14,098 100.0 % $ 1,136,259 100.0 % Net finance receivables in nonaccrual status $ 14,617 3.6 % $ 16,683 2.3 % $ 216 5.6 % $ 723 5.1 % $ 32,239 2.8 % The accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when an account becomes 90 days delinquent. If a loan is charged off, the accrued interest is reversed as a reduction of interest and fee income. The Company reversed $8.9 million and $10.7 million of accrued interest as a reduction of interest and fee income for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following table illustrates the impacts to the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated: Year Ended December 31, Dollars in thousands 2021 2020 Beginning balance $ 150,000 $ 62,200 Impact of CECL adoption — 60,100 COVID-19 reserve build (release) (16,000 ) 30,400 General reserve build (release) due to portfolio change 25,300 (2,700 ) Ending balance $ 159,300 $ 150,000 Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of net finance receivables 11.2 % 13.2 % The Company adopted CECL accounting on January 1, 2020, and increased the allowance for credit losses from $62.2 million, or 5.5% of net finance receivables, to $122.3 million, or 10.8% of net finance receivables. In March 2020, the spread of COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Subsequently, the pandemic was declared a national emergency in the United States and several government stimulus programs were signed into law which provided a variety of financial aid to a meaningful portion of the Company’s customer base. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for credit losses included a net build of $25.3 million and a net release of $2.7 million related to portfolio change, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for credit losses included $14.4 million and $30.4 million of reserves related to the expected economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The Company ran several macroeconomic stress scenarios, and its final forecast assumes a resumption of normal unemployment rates at the end of 2022. The following are reconciliations of the allowance for credit losses by product for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019: Dollars in thousands Small Large Automobile Retail Total Beginning balance at January 1, 2021 $ 59,410 $ 87,275 $ 783 $ 2,532 $ 150,000 Provision for credit losses 40,982 48,135 (360 ) 258 89,015 Credit losses (40,922 ) (41,098 ) (281 ) (1,351 ) (83,652 ) Recoveries 1,824 1,966 74 73 3,937 Ending balance at December 31, 2021 $ 61,294 $ 96,278 $ 216 $ 1,512 $ 159,300 Net finance receivables at December 31, 2021 $ 445,023 $ 969,351 $ 1,343 $ 10,540 $ 1,426,257 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables at December 31, 2021 13.8 % 9.9 % 16.1 % 14.3 % 11.2 % Dollars in thousands Small Large Automobile Retail Total Beginning balance at January 1, 2020 $ 30,588 $ 29,148 $ 820 $ 1,644 $ 62,200 Impact of CECL adoption 24,185 33,550 599 1,766 60,100 Provision for credit losses 57,271 65,032 (143 ) 1,650 123,810 Credit losses (55,144 ) (42,447 ) (583 ) (2,662 ) (100,836 ) Recoveries 2,510 1,992 90 134 4,726 Ending balance at December 31, 2020 $ 59,410 $ 87,275 $ 783 $ 2,532 $ 150,000 Net finance receivables at December 31, 2020 $ 403,062 $ 715,210 $ 3,889 $ 14,098 $ 1,136,259 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables at December 31, 2020 14.7 % 12.2 % 20.1 % 18.0 % 13.2 % Dollars in thousands Small Large Automobile Retail Total Beginning balance at January 1, 2019 $ 30,759 $ 23,702 $ 1,893 $ 1,946 $ 58,300 Provision for credit losses 54,842 41,278 575 2,916 99,611 Credit losses (57,323 ) (37,475 ) (1,893 ) (3,365 ) (100,056 ) Recoveries 2,310 1,643 245 147 4,345 Ending balance at December 31, 2019 $ 30,588 $ 29,148 $ 820 $ 1,644 $ 62,200 Net finance receivables at December 31, 2019 $ 467,613 $ 632,068 $ 9,640 $ 24,083 $ 1,133,404 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables at December 31, 2019 6.5 % 4.6 % 8.5 % 6.8 % 5.5 % The Company classifies a loan as a TDR finance receivable when the Company modifies a loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider. The amount of TDR net finance receivables and the related TDR allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated are as follows: December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Dollars in thousands TDR Net Finance Receivables TDR Allowance for Credit Losses TDR Net Finance Receivables TDR Allowance for Credit Losses Small loans $ 3,232 $ 1,204 $ 4,991 $ 2,087 Large loans 12,772 3,936 15,140 5,229 Automobile loans 158 51 307 132 Retail loans 60 20 75 32 Total $ 16,222 $ 5,211 $ 20,513 $ 7,480 The following table provides the number and amount of net finance receivables modified and classified as TDRs during the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Dollars in thousands Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Small loans 2,522 $ 4,761 4,074 $ 12,677 8,416 $ 23,606 Large loans 2,121 11,290 2,704 8,559 4,632 13,431 Automobile loans 2 13 1 3 12 43 Retail loans 7 14 28 105 75 240 Total 4,652 $ 16,078 6,807 $ 21,344 13,135 $ 37,320 (1) Represents the post-modification net finance receivables balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. The following table provides the number of accounts and balance of finance receivables that subsequently defaulted within the periods indicated (that were modified as a TDR in the preceding 12 months). The Company defines payment default as 90 days past due for this disclosure. The respective amounts and activity for the periods indicated are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Dollars in thousands Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Number of Loans TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) Small loans 950 $ 1,740 1,846 $ 3,266 3,161 $ 5,641 Large loans 711 3,709 1,128 5,633 1,674 8,374 Automobile loans 1 10 1 8 6 50 Retail loans 5 9 34 57 44 80 Total 1,667 $ 5,468 3,009 $ 8,964 4,885 $ 14,145 (1) Only includes defaults occurring within 12 months of a loan being designated as a TDR. Represents the corresponding balance of TDR net finance receivables at the end of the month in which they defaulted. |