Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, Lumos Networks Operating Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and all of Lumos Networks Operating Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and those limited liability corporations where Lumos Networks Operating Company or certain of its subsidiaries, as managing member, exercise control. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly in all material respects the Company’s financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented on the respective condensed consolidated financial statements included herein. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 . Certain presentation changes have been made within the operating expense line items on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and prior period amounts have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, the previously reported line item “network access costs” has been removed and the new line item “cost of revenue” has been added along with the necessary operating expense reclassifications. These reclassifications were not the result of an error and have no effect on previously reported operating income, net income or earnings per share. Accounting Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of fixed assets, the allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits, deferred tax assets, marketable securities, asset retirement obligations, stock warrants and equity-based compensation, goodwill impairment assessments and reserves for employee benefit obligations and income tax uncertainties. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services are rendered or products are delivered, installed and functional, as applicable, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Certain services of the Company require payment in advance of service performance. In such cases, the Company records a service liability at the time of billing and subsequently recognizes revenue ratably over the service period. The Company bills customers certain transactional taxes on service revenues. These transactional taxes are not included in reported revenues as they are recognized as liabilities at the time customers are billed. The Company earns revenue by providing services through access to and usage of its networks. Local service revenues are recognized as services are provided. Carrier data revenues are earned by providing switched access and other switched and dedicated services to other carriers. Revenues for equipment sales are recognized at the point of sale. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities The Company considers its investment in all highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company’s marketable securities at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of debt securities not classified as cash equivalents. The Company classifies such debt securities as either held-to-maturity, when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity, or available-for-sale. Held-to-maturity debt securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax. All of the Company’s debt securities not classified as cash equivalents were classified as available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . Trade Accounts Receivable The Company sells its services to other communication carriers and to business and residential customers primarily in Virginia and West Virginia and portions of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky. The Company has credit and collection policies to maximize collection of trade receivables and requires deposits on certain sales. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a review of specific customers with large receivable balances and for the remaining customer receivables the Company uses historical results, current and expected trends and changes in credit policies. Management believes the allowance adequately covers all anticipated losses with respect to trade receivables. Actual credit losses could differ from such estimates. The Company includes bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Bad debt expense for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $0. 1 million . The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits was $ 1. 1 million and $1.2 million as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The following table presents a roll-forward of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits from December 31, 2015 to March 31, 2016 : Additions (In thousands) December 31, 2015 Charged to Expense Charged to Other Accounts Deductions March 31, 2016 Allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits $ 1,235 $ 134 $ (193) $ (65) $ 1,111 Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Long-Lived Assets (Excluding Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets) Property, plant and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets and long-term deferred charges are recorded at cost and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount should be evaluated pursuant to the subsequent measurement guidance described in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10-35. Impairment is determined by comparing the carrying value of these long-lived assets to management’s best estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, the excess of the asset’s carrying value over the estimated fair value is recorded as an impairment charge. The Company believes that no impairment indicators exist as of March 31, 2016 that would require the Company to perform impairment testing for long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, long-term deferred charges and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which the Company reviews and updates based on historical experiences and future expectations. Plant and equipment held under capital leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Amortization of assets held under capital leases, including certain software licenses and an indefeasible right of use agreement, is included with depreciation expense. Intangibles with a finite life are classified as other intangibles on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , other intangibles were comprised of the following: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Estimated Life Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Customer relationships 6 to 15 yrs $ 103,108 $ (93,654) $ 103,108 $ (93,051) Trademarks and franchise rights 10 to 15 yrs 2,862 (1,882) 2,862 (1,841) Total $ 105,970 $ (95,536) $ 105,970 $ (94,892) The Company amortizes its finite-lived intangible assets using the straight-line method unless it determines that another systematic method is more appropriate. The amortization for certain customer relationship intangibles is being recognized using an accelerated amortization method based on the pattern of estimated earnings from these assets. The estimated life of amortizable intangible assets is determined from the unique factors specific to each asset, and the Company periodically reviews and updates estimated lives based on current events and future expectations. The Company capitalizes costs incurred to renew or extend the term of a recognized intangible asset and amortizes such costs over the remaining life of the asset. No such costs were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2016 . Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $ 0.6 million and $ 2.1 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the remainder of 2016 and for the next five years is expected to be as follows: (In thousands) Customer Relationships Trademarks and Franchise Rights Total Remainder of 2016 $ 1,809 $ 122 $ 1,931 2017 2,093 163 2,256 2018 1,781 163 1,944 2019 1,513 152 1,665 2020 1,146 48 1,194 2021 1,112 1 1,113 Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and certain trademarks are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization but are instead tested for impairment annually or more frequently if an event indicates that the asset might be impaired. The Company’s policy is to assess the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets annually on October 1 and whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. The Company believes there have been no events or circumstances to cause it to evaluate the carrying amount of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2016 . Pension Benefits and Retirement Benefits Other Than Pensions The Company sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) covering all employees who meet eligibility requirements and were employed prior to October 1, 2003. The Company froze the Pension Plan effective December 31, 2012. As such, no further benefits are being accrued by participants for services rendered beyond that date. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , the components of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost (income) for the Pension Plan were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands) 2016 2015 Service cost $ - $ - Interest cost 674 666 Expected return on plan assets (884) (1,028) Amortization of loss 262 248 Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ 52 $ (114) Pension Plan assets were valued at $ 53.4 million and $ 5 3.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. No funding contributions were made during the three months ended March 31, 2016 , and the Company does not expect to make a funding contribution during the remainder of 2016. The Company also provides life insurance benefits for retired employees that meet eligibility requirements through two postretirement welfare benefit plans (the “Other Postretirement Benefit Plans”). The Company had provided retiree medical benefits under these plans until those benefits were terminated effective December 31, 2014 . The Company did not incur any significant costs associated with these plans during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015. The Company recognized expense for certain nonqualified pension plans for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 of $0.1 million , and less than $0.1 million of this expense for each of these periods relates to the amortization of actuarial loss. The gross amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss related to amortization of actuarial losses for retirement plans for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $ 0. 3 million, all of which has been reclassified to selling, general and administrative on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Income taxes associated with these reclassifications were $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. Equity-based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based employee compensation plans under FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation . Equity-based compensation expense from share-based equity awards is recorded with an offsetting increase to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For equity awards with only service conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The fair value of common stock options granted with service-only conditions is estimated at the respective measurement date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with assumptions related to risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, dividend yield and expected term. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted with service-only conditions is estimated based on the market value of the common stock on the date of grant reduced by the present value of expected dividends as applicable. Certain stock options and restricted shares granted by the Company contain vesting provisions that are conditional on achievement of a target market price for the Company’s common stock. The grant date fair value of these options and restricted shares is adjusted to reflect the probability of the achievement of the market condition based on management’s best estimate using a Monte Carlo model. The Company initially recognizes the related compensation cost for these awards that contain a market condition on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period as derived from the valuation model. The Company accelerates expense recognition if the market conditions are achieved prior to the end of the derived requisite service period. Total equity-based compensation expense related to all of the share-based awards, annual employee bonuses paid in the form of immediately vested shares and the Company’s 401(k) matching contributions was $ 5.5 million and $ 1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, which amounts are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Future charges for equity-based compensation related to instruments outstanding at March 31, 2016 are estimated to be $ 3 .3 million for the remainder of 2016, $ 3.2 million in 2017, $ 1.2 million in 2018, $ 0.1 million in 2019, and less than $ 0.1 million thereafter. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value or for certain financial instruments for which disclosure of fair value is required, the Company uses fair value techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. However, in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date, the fair value measurement reflects the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Those judgments are developed by the Company based on the best information available in the circumstances, including expected cash flows and appropriately risk-adjusted discount rates, available observable and unobservable inputs. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy with three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: · Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. · Level 2 – Unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. · Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2015-14”), which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for public business entities from annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. ASU 2014-09 permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is still evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 820): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (“ASU 2015-02”). ASU 2015-02 provides a revised consolidation model for all reporting entities to use in evaluating whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. All legal entities will be subject to reevaluation under this revised consolidation model. The revised consolidation model, among other things, (i) modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, (ii) eliminates the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, and (iii) modifies the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs through fee arrangements and related party relationships. ASU 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years, beginning after September 1, 2016. The Company does not expect the future adoption of ASU 2015-02 to have a material impact on the its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which will replace most existing lease guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize most leases, including operating leases, on the consolidated balance sheet of the lessee. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 requires the use of a modified retrospective transition method with elective reliefs. The Company is still evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures . In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions. Among other things, ASU 2016-09 provides for (i) the simplification of accounting presentation of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, (ii) an accounting policy election regarding forfeitures to use an estimate or account for when incurred, and (iii) simplification of cash flow presentation for statutory tax rate withholding. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The transition method required by ASU 2016-09 varies by amendment. The Company is still evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. |