Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, Lumos Networks Operating Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and all of Lumos Networks Operating Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and those limited liability corporations where Lumos Networks Operating Company or certain of its subsidiaries, as managing member, exercise control. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly in all material respects the Company’s financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented on the respective condensed consolidated financial statements included herein. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Accounting Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of fixed assets, the allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits, deferred tax assets, asset retirement obligations, stock warrants and equity-based compensation, goodwill impairment assessments, contingent consideration obligations, reserves for employee benefit obligations and income tax uncertainties. Changes in Accounting Principle In January 2017, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (“ASU 2015-02”), which is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after September 1, 2016. ASU 2015-02 provides a revised consolidation model for all reporting entities to use in evaluating whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. All legal entities will be subject to reevaluation under this revised consolidation model. The revised consolidation model, among other things, (i) modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs, or voting interest entities, (ii) eliminates the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, and (iii) modifies the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs through fee arrangements and related party relationships. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were not impacted by the adoption of ASU 2015-02. Additionally, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) (“ASU 2016-09”) in January 2017, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions and is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Among other things, ASU 2016-09 provides for (i) the simplification of accounting presentation of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, (ii) an accounting policy election regarding forfeitures to use an estimate or account for when incurred, and (iii) simplification of cash flow presentation for statutory tax rate withholding. The adoption of ASU 2016-09, which resulted in the recognition of excess tax benefits through the condensed consolidated statement of operations and an accounting policy election made by the Company to eliminate the use of a forfeiture estimate and recognize forfeitures as they occur, resulted in the recognition of a c umulative effect adjustment with a $1.6 million impact to accumulated deficit and a $1.9 million total impact to stockholders’ equity and deferred income taxes. There was no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, the condensed consolidated statement of operations, or net loss or earnings (loss) per share. The adoption of the accounting policy election to record forfeitures as incurred and the recognition of excess tax benefits in the condensed consolidated statement of operations may increase the volatility of net income (loss). Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services are rendered or products are delivered, installed and functional, as applicable, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Certain services of the Company require payment in advance of service performance. In such cases, the Company records a service liability at the time of billing and subsequently recognizes revenue ratably over the service period. The Company bills customers certain transactional taxes on service revenues. These transactional taxes are not included in reported revenues as they are recognized as liabilities at the time customers are billed. The Company earns revenue by providing services through access to and usage of its networks. Local service revenues are recognized as services are provided. Carrier data revenues are earned by providing switched access and other switched and dedicated services to other carriers. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities The Company considers its investment in all highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company’s marketable securities at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of debt securities not classified as cash equivalents. The Company classifies such debt securities as either held-to-maturity, when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity, or available-for-sale. Held-to-maturity debt securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax. All of the Company’s debt securities not classified as cash equivalents were classified as available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . Trade Accounts Receivable The Company sells its services to other communication carriers and to business and residential customers primarily in Virginia and West Virginia and portions of other states in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The Company has credit and collection policies to maximize collection of trade receivables and requires advance payment for certain services. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a review of specific customers with large receivable balances and for the remaining customer receivables the Company uses historical results, current and expected trends and changes in credit policies. Management believes the allowance adequately covers all anticipated losses with respect to trade receivables. Actual credit losses could differ from such estimates. The Company includes bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Bad debt expense for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0. 1 million . The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits was $0.9 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . The following table presents a roll-forward of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits from December 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017 : Additions (In thousands) December 31, 2016 Charged to Expense Charged to Other Accounts Deductions March 31, 2017 Allowance for doubtful accounts and customer credits $ 942 $ 107 $ 72 $ (193) $ 928 Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Long-Lived Assets (Excluding Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets) Property, plant and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets and long-term deferred charges are recorded at cost and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount should be evaluated pursuant to the subsequent measurement guidance described in FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10-35. Impairment is determined by comparing the carrying value of these long-lived assets to management’s best estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, the excess of the asset’s carrying value over the estimated fair value is recorded as an impairment charge. The Company believes that no impairment indicators exist as of March 31, 2017 that would require the Company to perform impairment testing for long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, long-term deferred charges and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which the Company reviews and updates based on historical experiences and future expectations. Plant and equipment held under capital leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Amortization of assets held under capital leases, including an indefeasible right of use agreement, is included with depreciation expense. Intangibles with a finite life are classified as other intangibles on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , other intangibles were comprised of the following: March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Estimated Life Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Customer relationships 6 to 15 yrs $ 115,808 $ (96,488) $ 103,108 $ (95,463) Trademarks and franchise rights 4 to 15 yrs 3,262 (2,069) 2,862 (2,004) Non-compete Agreements 2 to 3 yrs 30 (3) - - Total $ 119,100 $ (98,560) $ 105,970 $ (97,467) Included in the above amounts are indefinite-lived intangible assets of $0.3 million, which are not subject to amortization. The Company amortizes its finite-lived intangible assets using the straight-line method unless it determines that another systematic method is more appropriate. The Company generally amortizes certain customer relationship intangibles and some acquired trademarks using an accelerated amortization method based on the pattern of estimated earnings from these assets. The estimated life of amortizable intangible assets is determined from the unique factors specific to each asset, and the Company periodically reviews and updates estimated lives based on current events and future expectations. The Company capitalizes costs incurred to renew or extend the term of a recognized intangible asset and amortizes such costs over the remaining life of the asset. No such costs were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $ 1.1 million and $ 0. 6 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 and for the next five years is expected to be as follows: (In thousands) Customer Relationships Trademarks and Franchise Rights Non-compete Agreements Total Remainder of 2017 $ 3,460 $ 205 $ 9 $ 3,674 2018 3,727 270 12 4,009 2019 3,443 247 6 3,696 2020 2,922 115 - 3,037 2021 2,531 25 - 2,556 2022 1,195 - - 1,195 Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and certain trademarks are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization but are instead tested for impairment annually or more frequently if an event indicates that the asset might be impaired. The Company’s policy is to assess the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets annually on October 1 and whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. The Company believes there have been no events or circumstances to cause it to evaluate the carrying amount of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Pension Benefits and Retirement Benefits Other Than Pensions The Company sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) covering all employees who meet eligibility requirements and were employed prior to October 1, 2003. The Company froze the Pension Plan effective December 31, 2012. As such, no further benefits are being accrued by participants for services rendered beyond that date. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , the components of the Company’s net periodic benefit (income) cost for the Pension Plan were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands) 2017 2016 Service cost $ - $ - Interest cost 648 674 Expected return on plan assets (912) (884) Amortization of loss 236 262 Net periodic benefit (income) cost $ (28) $ 52 Pension Plan assets were valued at $56.4 million and $55.6 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. No funding contributions were made during the three months ended March 31, 2017 , and the Company does not expect to make a funding contribution during the remainder of 2017. The Company also provides life insurance benefits for retired employees who meet eligibility requirements through two postretirement welfare benefit plans (the “Other Postretirement Benefit Plans”). The Company had provided retiree medical benefits under these plans until those benefits were terminated effective December 31, 201 4. The Company did not incur any significant costs associated with these plans during the three months ended March 31, 2017 or 2016. The Company recognized expense for certain nonqualified pension plans for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 of $0.1 million , and less than $0.1 million of this expense for each of these periods relates to the amortization of actuarial loss. The gross amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss related to amortization of actuarial losses for retirement plans for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $ 0 .3 million, all of which has been reclassified to selling, general and administrative on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Income taxes associated with these reclassifications were $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Equity-based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based employee compensation plans under FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation . Equity-based compensation expense from share-based equity awards is recorded with an offsetting increase to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For equity awards with only service conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Total equity-based compensation expense related to all of the share-based awards, annual employee bonuses paid in the form of immediately vested shares and the Company’s 401(k) matching contributions was $ 6.8 million and $ 5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, which amounts are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Future charges for equity-based compensation related to instruments outstanding at March 31, 2017 are estimated to be $3.4 million for the remainder of 2017, $ 2.1 million in 2018, $ 0.7 million in 2019 and less than $ 0.1 million in 2020 and thereafter. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value or for certain financial instruments for which disclosure of fair value is required, the Company uses fair value techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. However, in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date, the fair value measurement reflects the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Those judgments are developed by the Company based on the best information available in the circumstances, including expected cash flows and appropriately risk-adjusted discount rates, available observable and unobservable inputs. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy with three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: · Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. · Level 2 – Unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. · Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for public business entities from annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. ASU 2014-09 permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”), which clarifies guidance related to identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation guidance contained in ASU 2014-09. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (“ASU 2016-12”), which addresses narrow-scope improvements to the guidance on collectability, noncash consideration, and completed contracts at transition. Additionally, the amendments in ASU 2016-12 provide a practical expedient for contract modifications at transition and an accounting policy election related to the presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. Finally, in December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with customers, which makes minor corrections or improvements to ASU 2014-09. In 2016, the Company identified a project team and commenced an initial impact assessment process for ASU 2014-09. To date, the Company has reviewed a sample of contracts with its customers and made preliminary assessments of the impact on revenue and expenses based on these reviews; however, the assessment of the impact to the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows as a result of this guidance is ongoing. Additionally, ASU 2014-09 requires increased disclosure, which in turn may require changes to processes and systems. The Company expects to complete its impact assessment in the second quarter of 2017, at which time it will develop an implementation plan to include any potential process or system changes. The Company will adopt this new standard as of January 1, 2018 and currently expects to apply the modified retrospective method, which may result in a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Both the Company’s initial assessment and its selected transition method may change depending on the results of the Company’s final assessment of the impact to its financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). The standard addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not expect the future adoption of ASU 2016-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which will replace most existing lease guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize most leases, including operating leases, on the consolidated balance sheets of the lessee. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 requires the use of a modified retrospective transition method with elective reliefs. The Company is still evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-15”), which addresses eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows presentation, with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. The amendments in this ASU provide guidance on the following cash flow issues: 1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; 2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments; 3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; 4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; 5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; 6) distributions received from equity method investees; 7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and 8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Although the Company is still evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-15 will have on its statement of cash flow and disclosures, the Company expects the standard will primarily impact the presentation of the earnouts associated with the business acquisitions completed in January 2017. Their presentation in accordance with ASU 2016-15 would depend on whether they were deemed to be paid soon after the acquisition. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Under 2017-04, goodwill will be measured using the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for public business entities for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2019, with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests with measurement dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the future adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. |