Loan and Lease Receivables, Impaired Loans and Leases and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | Loan and Lease Receivables, Impaired Loans and Leases and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Loan and lease receivables consist of the following: March 31, December 31, (In Thousands) Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate — owner occupied $ 183,016 $ 176,459 Commercial real estate — non-owner occupied 492,366 473,158 Land development 52,663 56,638 Construction 91,343 101,206 Multi-family 107,669 92,762 1-4 family 40,036 45,651 Total commercial real estate 967,093 945,874 Commercial and industrial 458,778 450,298 Direct financing leases, net 29,330 30,951 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 8,237 8,412 Other 18,859 16,329 Total consumer and other 27,096 24,741 Total gross loans and leases receivable 1,482,297 1,451,864 Less: Allowance for loan and lease losses 21,666 20,912 Deferred loan fees 1,326 1,189 Loans and leases receivable, net $ 1,459,305 $ 1,429,763 As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the total amount of the Corporation’s ownership of SBA loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $67.4 million and $62.1 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , $11.1 million and $5.5 million of loans in this portfolio were considered impaired, respectively. Loans transferred to third parties consist of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans which the Corporation sold in the secondary market, as well as participation interests in other originated loans. The total principal amount of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $3.3 million and $13.1 million , respectively. Each of the transfers of these financial assets met the qualifications for sale accounting, and therefore all of the loans transferred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derecognized in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. The guaranteed portion of SBA loans were transferred at their fair value and the related gain was recognized upon the transfer as non-interest income in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. The total outstanding balance of sold SBA loans at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $101.7 million and $105.1 million , respectively, while the retained, unguaranteed portion of sold SBA loans on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets was $31.4 million and $32.2 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. The total outstanding balance of the retained, unguaranteed portion of sold SBA loans considered impaired as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $1.5 million and $2.5 million , respectively. The total principal amount of transferred participation interests in other originated commercial loans during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $5.6 million and $375,000 , respectively, all of which were treated as sales and derecognized under the applicable accounting guidance at the time of transfer. No gain or loss was recognized on participation interests in other originated loans as they were transferred at or near the date of loan origination and the payments received for servicing the portion of the loans participated represents adequate compensation. The total outstanding balance of these transferred loans at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $86.6 million and $102.7 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the total amount of the Corporation’s partial ownership of these transferred loans on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets was $127.4 million and $106.1 million , respectively. No loans in this participation portfolio were considered impaired as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . The Corporation does not share in the participant’s portion of any potential charge-offs. The total amount of loan participations purchased on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $707,000 and $1.2 million , respectively. The Corporation also sells residential real estate loans, servicing released, in the secondary market. The total principal amount of residential real estate loans sold during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.0 million and $7.2 million , respectively. Each of the transfers of these financial assets met the qualifications for sale accounting, and therefore all of the loans transferred have been derecognized in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. The loans were transferred at their fair value and the related gain was recognized as non-interest income upon the transfer in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. According to ASC 310-30, Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer , purchased credit-impaired loans exhibit evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination for which it is probable at acquisition that the Corporation will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. Purchased credit-impaired loans are initially recorded at fair value, which is estimated by discounting the cash flows expected to be collected at the acquisition date. Because the estimate of expected cash flows reflects an estimate of future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loans, an allowance for credit losses is not recorded at the acquisition date. The excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value, referred to as the accretable yield, is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan on a level-yield basis, contingent on the subsequent evaluation of future expected cash flows. The difference between the contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. A subsequent decrease in the estimate of cash flows expected to be received on purchased credit-impaired loans generally results in the recognition of an allowance for loan and lease losses. Subsequent increases in cash flows result in reversal of any nonaccretable difference (or allowance for loan and lease losses to the extent any has been recorded) with a positive impact on interest income recognized. The measurement of cash flows involves assumptions and judgments for interest rates, prepayments, default rates, loss severity and collateral values. All of these factors are inherently subjective and significant changes in the cash flow estimates over the life of the loan can result. The following table reflects the contractually required payments receivable and fair value of the Corporation’s purchased credit-impaired loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : March 31, December 31, (In Thousands) Contractually required payments $ 2,986 $ 3,265 Fair value of purchased credit-impaired loans 1,234 1,432 The following table presents a rollforward of the accretable yield as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 (In Thousands) Accretable yield, beginning of period $ 135 $ 414 Accretion recognized in interest income (3 ) (129 ) Reclassification to nonaccretable difference for loans with changing cash flows (1) (3 ) (244 ) Changes in accretable yield for non-credit related changes in expected cash flows (2) (5 ) 94 Accretable yield, end of period $ 124 $ 135 (1) Represents changes in accretable yield for those loans that are driven primarily by credit performance. (2) Represents changes in accretable yield for those loans that are driven primarily by changes in actual and estimated payments. The following information illustrates ending balances of the Corporation’s loan and lease portfolio, including impaired loans by class of receivable, and considering certain credit quality indicators as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : March 31, 2017 Category I II III IV Total (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate — owner occupied $ 146,120 $ 19,410 $ 11,992 $ 5,494 $ 183,016 Commercial real estate — non-owner occupied 465,826 22,813 1,748 1,979 492,366 Land development 48,206 814 288 3,355 52,663 Construction 84,930 799 1,012 4,602 91,343 Multi-family 107,518 151 — — 107,669 1-4 family 34,546 1,561 1,394 2,535 40,036 Total commercial real estate 887,146 45,548 16,434 17,965 967,093 Commercial and industrial 354,072 33,188 51,963 19,555 458,778 Direct financing leases, net 27,930 1,400 — — 29,330 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 7,734 485 11 7 8,237 Other 18,065 100 — 694 18,859 Total consumer and other 25,799 585 11 701 27,096 Total gross loans and leases receivable $ 1,294,947 $ 80,721 $ 68,408 $ 38,221 $ 1,482,297 Category as a % of total portfolio 87.36 % 5.45 % 4.61 % 2.58 % 100.00 % December 31, 2016 Category I II III IV Total (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate — owner occupied $ 142,704 $ 20,294 $ 11,174 $ 2,287 $ 176,459 Commercial real estate — non-owner occupied 447,895 20,933 2,721 1,609 473,158 Land development 52,082 823 293 3,440 56,638 Construction 93,510 3,154 1,624 2,918 101,206 Multi-family 87,418 1,937 3,407 — 92,762 1-4 family 38,504 3,144 1,431 2,572 45,651 Total commercial real estate 862,113 50,285 20,650 12,826 945,874 Commercial and industrial 348,201 42,949 46,675 12,473 450,298 Direct financing leases, net 29,351 1,600 — — 30,951 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 8,271 121 12 8 8,412 Other 15,714 — 11 604 16,329 Total consumer and other 23,985 121 23 612 24,741 Total gross loans and leases receivable $ 1,263,650 $ 94,955 $ 67,348 $ 25,911 $ 1,451,864 Category as a % of total portfolio 87.04 % 6.54 % 4.64 % 1.78 % 100.00 % Credit underwriting through a committee process is a key component of the Corporation’s operating philosophy. Commercial lenders have relatively low individual lending authority limits, and thus a significant portion of the Corporation’s new credit extensions require approval from a loan approval committee regardless of the type of loan or lease, asset quality grade of the credit, amount of the credit or the related complexities of each proposal. Each credit is evaluated for proper risk rating upon origination, at the time of each subsequent renewal, upon receipt and evaluation of updated financial information from the Corporation’s borrowers or as other circumstances dictate. The Corporation uses a nine grade risk rating system to monitor the ongoing credit quality of its loans and leases. The risk rating grades follow a consistent definition and are then applied to specific loan types based on the nature of the loan. Each risk rating is subjective and, depending on the size and nature of the credit, subject to various levels of review and concurrence on the stated risk rating. In addition to its nine grade risk rating system, the Corporation groups loans into four loan and related risk categories which determine the level and nature of review by management. Category I — Loans and leases in this category are performing in accordance with the terms of the contract and generally exhibit no immediate concerns regarding the security and viability of the underlying collateral, financial stability of the borrower, integrity or strength of the borrowers’ management team or the industry in which the borrower operates. Loans and leases in this category are not subject to additional monitoring procedures above and beyond what is required at the origination or renewal of the loan or lease. The Corporation monitors Category I loans and leases through payment performance, continued maintenance of its personal relationships with such borrowers and continued review of such borrowers’ compliance with the terms of their respective agreements. Category II — Loans and leases in this category are beginning to show signs of deterioration in one or more of the Corporation’s core underwriting criteria such as financial stability, management strength, industry trends or collateral values. Management will place credits in this category to allow for proactive monitoring and resolution with the borrower to possibly mitigate the area of concern and prevent further deterioration or risk of loss to the Corporation. Category II loans are considered performing but are monitored frequently by the assigned business development officer and by subcommittees of the Banks’ loan committees. Category III — Loans and leases in this category are identified by management as warranting special attention. However, the balance in this category is not intended to represent the amount of adversely classified assets held by the Banks. Category III loans and leases generally exhibit undesirable characteristics, such as evidence of adverse financial trends and conditions, managerial problems, deteriorating economic conditions within the related industry or evidence of adverse public filings and may exhibit collateral shortfall positions. Management continues to believe that it will collect all contractual principal and interest in accordance with the original terms of the contracts relating to the loans and leases in this category, and therefore Category III loans are considered performing with no specific reserves established for this category. Category III loans are monitored by management and the Banks’ loan committees on a monthly basis and the Banks’ boards of directors at each of their regularly scheduled meetings. Category IV — Loans and leases in this category are considered to be impaired. Impaired loans and leases have been placed on non-accrual as management has determined that it is unlikely that the Banks will receive the contractual principal and interest in accordance with the original terms of the agreement. Impaired loans are individually evaluated to assess the need for the establishment of specific reserves or charge-offs. When analyzing the adequacy of collateral, the Corporation obtains external appraisals at least annually for impaired loans and leases. External appraisals are obtained from the Corporation’s approved appraiser listing and are independently reviewed to monitor the quality of such appraisals. To the extent a collateral shortfall position is present, a specific reserve or charge-off will be recorded to reflect the magnitude of the impairment. Loans and leases in this category are monitored by management and the Banks’ loan committees on a monthly basis and the Banks’ boards of directors at each of their regularly scheduled meetings. Utilizing regulatory classification terminology, the Corporation identified $46.3 million and $34.3 million of loans and leases as Substandard as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. No loans were considered Special Mention, Doubtful or Loss as of either March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016 . The population of Substandard loans is a subset of Category III and Category IV loans. The delinquency aging of the loan and lease portfolio by class of receivable as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows: March 31, 2017 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases (Dollars in Thousands) Accruing loans and leases Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 177,583 $ 177,583 Non-owner occupied — 266 — 266 490,121 490,387 Land development — — — — 49,308 49,308 Construction 431 166 — 597 86,144 86,741 Multi-family — — — — 107,669 107,669 1-4 family — — — — 38,125 38,125 Commercial and industrial 327 — — 327 438,906 439,233 Direct financing leases, net — — — — 29,330 29,330 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — 8,237 8,237 Other 7 — — 7 18,158 18,165 Total $ 765 $ 432 $ — $ 1,197 $ 1,443,581 $ 1,444,778 Non-accruing loans and leases Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ 429 $ 4,416 $ 4,845 $ 588 $ 5,433 Non-owner occupied — — 1,941 1,941 38 1,979 Land development — — — — 3,355 3,355 Construction — — 2,539 2,539 2,063 4,602 Multi-family — — — — — — 1-4 family — — 1,606 1,606 305 1,911 Commercial and industrial 239 — 12,455 12,694 6,851 19,545 Direct financing leases, net — — — — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — — — Other 82 — 612 694 — 694 Total $ 321 $ 429 $ 23,569 $ 24,319 $ 13,200 $ 37,519 Total loans and leases Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ 429 $ 4,416 $ 4,845 $ 178,171 $ 183,016 Non-owner occupied — 266 1,941 2,207 490,159 492,366 Land development — — — — 52,663 52,663 Construction 431 166 2,539 3,136 88,207 91,343 Multi-family — — — — 107,669 107,669 1-4 family — — 1,606 1,606 38,430 40,036 Commercial and industrial 566 — 12,455 13,021 445,757 458,778 Direct financing leases, net — — — — 29,330 29,330 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — 8,237 8,237 Other 89 — 612 701 18,158 18,859 Total $ 1,086 $ 861 $ 23,569 $ 25,516 $ 1,456,781 $ 1,482,297 Percent of portfolio 0.07 % 0.06 % 1.59 % 1.72 % 98.28 % 100.00 % December 31, 2016 30-59 60-89 Greater Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases (Dollars in Thousands) Accruing loans and leases Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 174,236 $ 174,236 Non-owner occupied — — — — 471,549 471,549 Land development — — — — 53,198 53,198 Construction — — — — 98,288 98,288 Multi-family — — — — 92,762 92,762 1-4 family 75 — — 75 43,639 43,714 Commercial and industrial 55 468 — 523 437,312 437,835 Direct financing leases, net — — — — 30,951 30,951 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — 8,412 8,412 Other — — — — 15,725 15,725 Total $ 130 $ 468 $ — $ 598 $ 1,426,072 $ 1,426,670 Non-accruing loans and leases Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ — $ 1,183 $ 1,183 $ 1,040 $ 2,223 Non-owner occupied — — — — 1,609 1,609 Land development — — — — 3,440 3,440 Construction 2,482 — 436 2,918 — 2,918 Multi-family — — — — — — 1-4 family — — 1,240 1,240 697 1,937 Commercial and industrial 3,345 168 6,740 10,253 2,210 12,463 Direct financing leases, net — — — — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — — — Other 186 — 378 564 40 604 Total $ 6,013 $ 168 $ 9,977 $ 16,158 $ 9,036 $ 25,194 Total loans and leases Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ — $ 1,183 $ 1,183 $ 175,276 $ 176,459 Non-owner occupied — — — — 473,158 473,158 Land development — — — — 56,638 56,638 Construction 2,482 — 436 2,918 98,288 101,206 Multi-family — — — — 92,762 92,762 1-4 family 75 — 1,240 1,315 44,336 45,651 Commercial and industrial 3,400 636 6,740 10,776 439,522 450,298 Direct financing leases, net — — — — 30,951 30,951 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — 8,412 8,412 Other 186 — 378 564 15,765 16,329 Total $ 6,143 $ 636 $ 9,977 $ 16,756 $ 1,435,108 $ 1,451,864 Percent of portfolio 0.42 % 0.04 % 0.69 % 1.15 % 98.85 % 100.00 % The Corporation’s total impaired assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. March 31, December 31, (Dollars in Thousands) Non-accrual loans and leases Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate — owner occupied $ 5,433 $ 2,223 Commercial real estate — non-owner occupied 1,979 1,609 Land development 3,355 3,440 Construction 4,602 2,918 Multi-family — — 1-4 family 1,911 1,937 Total non-accrual commercial real estate 17,280 12,127 Commercial and industrial 19,545 12,463 Direct financing leases, net — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — Other 694 604 Total non-accrual consumer and other loans 694 604 Total non-accrual loans and leases 37,519 25,194 Foreclosed properties, net 1,472 1,472 Total non-performing assets 38,991 26,666 Performing troubled debt restructurings 702 717 Total impaired assets $ 39,693 $ 27,383 March 31, December 31, Total non-accrual loans and leases to gross loans and leases 2.53 % 1.74 % Total non-performing assets to total gross loans and leases plus foreclosed properties, net 2.63 1.83 Total non-performing assets to total assets 2.17 1.50 Allowance for loan and lease losses to gross loans and leases 1.46 1.44 Allowance for loan and lease losses to non-accrual loans and leases 57.75 83.00 As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , $12.4 million and $12.8 million of the non-accrual loans and leases were considered troubled debt restructurings, respectively. There were no unfunded commitments associated with troubled debt restructured loans and leases as of March 31, 2017 . The following table provides the number of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring and the pre- and post-modification recorded investment by class of receivable as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 . As of March 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Investment Post-Modification Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Investment Post-Modification Recorded Investment (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate — owner occupied 3 $ 1,065 $ 919 3 $ 1,065 $ 930 Commercial real estate — non-owner occupied 1 158 38 1 158 39 Land development 1 5,745 3,354 1 5,745 3,440 Construction — — — 2 331 314 Multi-family — — — — — — 1-4 family 11 1,391 1,371 11 1,391 1,393 Commercial and industrial 10 8,094 7,053 10 8,094 7,058 Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgage 1 37 7 1 37 8 Other 1 2,076 368 1 2,076 378 Total 28 $ 18,566 $ 13,110 30 $ 18,897 $ 13,560 All loans and leases modified as a troubled debt restructuring are measured for impairment. The nature and extent of the impairment of restructured loans, including those which have experienced a default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of the allowance for loan and lease losses. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Corporation’s troubled debt restructurings grouped by type of concession were as follows: As of March 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in Thousands) Commercial real estate: Extension of term 1 $ 4 1 $ 8 Interest rate concession 1 51 1 52 Combination of extension of term and interest rate concession 14 5,627 16 6,056 Commercial and industrial: Combination of extension of term and interest rate concession 10 7,053 10 7,058 Consumer and other: Extension of term 1 368 1 378 Combination of extension of term and interest rate concession 1 7 1 8 Total 28 $ 13,110 30 $ 13,560 There were three loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the previous 12 months which subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . The total recorded investment of these loans was $878,000 as of March 31, 2017 . There were no loans and leases modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the previous 12 months which subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2016 . The following represents additional information regarding the Corporation’s impaired loans and leases, including performing troubled debt restructurings, by class: As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Recorded Unpaid Impairment Average (1) Foregone Interest Net (In Thousands) With no impairment reserve recorded: Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 5,066 $ 5,066 $ — $ 2,921 $ 205 $ — $ 205 Non-owner occupied 1,979 2,019 — 1,996 36 — 36 Land development 3,355 6,025 — 3,422 24 — 24 Construction 2,120 2,120 — 917 12 — 12 Multi-family — — — 3 — — — 1-4 family 2,463 2,463 — 2,473 16 — 16 Commercial and industrial 7,146 7,146 — 318 83 — 83 Direct financing leases, net — — — — — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 7 7 — 7 — — — Other 367 1,035 — 368 15 — 15 Total $ 22,503 $ 25,881 $ — $ 12,425 $ 391 $ — $ 391 With impairment reserve recorded: Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 428 $ 428 $ 42 $ 432 $ 6 $ — $ 6 Non-owner occupied — — — — — — — Land development — — — — — — — — — — Construction 2,482 2,482 — 1,777 2,482 — 63 — — 63 Multi-family — — — — — — — 1-4 family 72 77 2 72 1 — 1 Commercial and industrial 12,409 12,409 4,010 12,355 251 — 251 Direct financing leases, net — — — — — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — — — — Other 327 327 327 113 — — — Total $ 15,718 $ 15,723 $ 6,158 $ 15,454 $ 321 $ — $ 321 Total: Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 5,494 $ 5,494 $ 42 $ 3,353 $ 211 $ — $ 211 Non-owner occupied 1,979 2,019 — 1,996 36 — 36 Land development 3,355 6,025 — 3,422 24 — 24 Construction 4,602 4,602 1,777 3,399 75 — 75 Multi-family — — — 3 — — — 1-4 family 2,535 2,540 2 2,545 17 — 17 Commercial and industrial 19,555 19,555 4,010 12,673 334 — 334 Direct financing leases, net — — — — — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 7 7 — 7 — — — Other 694 1,362 327 481 15 — 15 Grand total $ 38,221 $ 41,604 $ 6,158 $ 27,879 $ 712 $ — $ 712 (1) Average recorded investment is calculated primarily using daily average balances. As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Impairment Reserve Average Recorded Investment (1) Foregone Interest Income Interest Income Recognized Net Foregone Interest Income (In Thousands) With no impairment reserve recorded: Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ — $ 3,577 $ 328 $ 118 $ 210 Non-owner occupied 1,609 1,647 — 1,318 91 79 12 Land development 3,440 6,111 — 3,898 107 — 107 Construction 436 438 — 291 20 — 20 Multi-family — — — — 1 134 (133 ) 1-4 family 2,379 2,379 — 2,755 125 94 31 Commercial and industrial 1,307 1,307 — 709 79 62 17 Direct financing leases, net — — — 6 — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 8 8 — 307 16 127 (111 ) Other 378 1,044 — 510 71 — 71 Total $ 11,345 $ 14,722 $ — $ 13,371 $ 838 $ 614 $ 224 With impairment reserve recorded: Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 499 $ 499 $ 70 $ 111 $ 28 $ — $ 28 Non-owner occupied — — — — — — — Land development — — — — — — — Construction 2,482 2,482 1,790 834 45 — 45 Multi-family — — — — — — — 1-4 family 193 199 39 203 5 — 5 Commercial and industrial 11,166 11,166 3,700 8,448 701 — 701 Direct financing leases, net — — — — — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages — — — — — — — Other 226 226 — 19 — — — Total $ 14,566 $ 14,572 $ 5,599 $ 9,615 $ 779 $ — $ 779 Total: Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 2,287 $ 2,287 $ 70 $ 3,688 $ 356 $ 118 $ 238 Non-owner occupied 1,609 1,647 — 1,318 91 79 12 Land development 3,440 6,111 — 3,898 107 — 107 Construction 2,918 2,920 1,790 1,125 65 — 65 Multi-family — — — — 1 134 (133 ) 1-4 family 2,572 2,578 39 2,958 130 94 36 Commercial and industrial 12,473 12,473 3,700 9,157 780 62 718 Direct financing leases, net — — — 6 — — — Consumer and other: Home equity and second mortgages 8 8 — 307 16 127 (111 ) Other 604 1,270 — 529 71 — 71 Grand total $ 25,911 $ 29,294 $ 5,599 $ 22,986 $ 1,617 $ 614 $ 1,003 (1) Average recorded investment is calculated primarily using daily average balances. The difference between the loans and leases recorded investment and the unpaid principal balance of $3.4 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represents partial charge-offs resulting from losses due to the appraised value of the collateral securing the loans and leases being below the carrying values of the loans and leases. Impaired loans and leases also included $702,000 and $717,000 of loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, that were performing troubled debt restructurings, and although not on non-accrual, were reported as impaired due to the concession in terms. When a loan is placed on non-accrual, interest accrual is discontinued and previously accrued but uncollected interest is deducted from interest income. Cash payments collected on non-accrual loans are first applied to such loan’s principal. Foregone interest represents the interest that was contractually due on the loan but not received or recorded. To the extent the amount of principal on a non-accrual loan is fully collected and additional cash is received, the Corporation will recognize interest income. To determine the level and composition of the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Corporation categorizes the portfolio into segments with similar risk characteristics. First, the Corporation evaluates loans and leases for potential impairment classification. The Corporation analyzes each loan and lease determined to be impaired on an individual basis to determine a specific reserve based upon the estimated value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, or alternatively, the present value of expected cash flows. The Corporation applies historical trends from established risk factors to each category of loans and leases that has not been individually evaluated for the purpose of establishing the general portion of the allowance. A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment is as follows: As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer and Other Total (Dollars in Thousands) Allowance for loan and lease losses: Beginning balance $ 12,384 $ 7,970 $ 558 $ 20,912 Charge-offs (67 ) (55 ) (87 ) (209 ) Recoveries 104 246 41 391 Provision 396 (218 ) 394 572 Ending balance $ 12,817 $ 7,943 $ 906 $ 21,666 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,821 $ 4,010 $ 327 $ 6,158 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 10,996 $ 3,933 $ 579 $ 15,508 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans and lease receivables: Ending balance, gross $ 967,093 $ 488,108 $ 27,096 $ 1,482,297 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 16,693 $ 19,545 $ 702 $ 36,940 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 949,128 $ 468,554 $ 26,394 $ 1,444,076 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 1,272 $ 9 $ — $ 1,281 Allowance as % of gross loans and leases 1.33 % 1.63 % 3.34 % 1.46 % As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer and Other Total (Dollars in Thousands) Allowance for loan and lease losses: Beginning balance $ 11,220 $ 4,387 $ 709 $ 16,316 Charge-offs (1,194 ) (2,273 ) (127 ) (3,594 ) Recoveries 274 91 7 372 Provision 2,084 5,765 (31 ) 7,818 Ending balance $ 12,384 $ 7,970 $ 558 $ 20,912 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,899 $ 3,700 $ — $ 5,599 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 10,485 $ 4,270 $ 558 $ 15,313 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans and lease receivables: Ending balance, gross $ 945,874 $ 481,249 $ 24,741 $ 1,451,864 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 11,222 $ 12,452 $ 612 $ 24,286 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 933,048 $ 468,776 $ 24,129 $ 1,425,953 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 1,604 $ 21 $ — $ 1,625 Allowance as % of gross loans and leases 1.31 % 1.66 % 2.26 % 1.44 % |