LOANS, ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY | NOTE 4 – LOANS, ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. The accrual of interest on all loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Payments received on impaired loans are applied to reduce the recorded investment in the loan principal to the extent necessary to eliminate doubt as to the collectability of the net carrying amount of the loan. Some or all of the payments received on impaired loans are recognized as interest income if the remaining net carrying amount of the loan is deemed to be fully collectible. When recognition of interest income on an impaired loan on a cash basis is appropriate, the amount of income that is recognized is limited to that which would have been accrued on the net carrying amount of the loan at the contractual interest rate. Any cash interest payments received in excess of the limit and not applied to reduce the net carrying amount of the loan are recorded as recoveries of charge-offs until the charge-offs are fully recovered. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance for loan losses consists of general, allocated and unallocated components, as further described below. General Component: The general component of the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors stratified by the following loan segments: residential real estate, home equity lines of credit, commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, construction, commercial, indirect auto and other consumer. Management uses a rolling average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment. This historical loss factor is adjusted for the following qualitative factors: levels/trends in delinquencies; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards and other changes in lending policies, procedures and practices; experience/ability/depth of lending management and staff; and national and local economic trends and conditions. There were no changes in the Company’s policies or methodology pertaining to the general component of the allowance for loan losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. However, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company determined that multi-family real estate loans should be evaluated separately from other commercial real estate loans as its own homogenous loan segment. Accordingly, the related prior year amounts have been reclassified to reflect this change. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Residential real estate loans and home equity lines of credit – The Company generally does not originate or purchase loans with a loan-to-value Commercial real estate loans – Loans in this segment are primarily secured by income-producing properties in eastern Massachusetts. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties may be adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy and increased vacancy rates, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management generally performs on-site Multi-family real estate loans - These loans are primarily secured by five or more unit residential properties. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties may be adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy and increased vacancy rates, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management generally performs on-site Construction loans – Loans in this segment primarily include speculative real estate development loans for which payment is derived from sale and/or lease up of the property. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell, or lease at adequate prices and market conditions. Commercial loans – Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are primarily secured by real estate and in some cases, other assets of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer and business spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Indirect auto loans – Loans in this segment are secured installment loans that were originated through a network of select regional automobile dealerships. The Company’s interest in the vehicle is secured with a recorded lien on the state title of each automobile. Collections are sensitive to changes in borrower financial circumstances, and the collateral can depreciate or be damaged in the event of repossession. Repayment is primarily dependent on the credit worthiness and the cash flow of the individual borrower and secondarily, liquidation of the collateral. Other consumer loans - Loans in this segment include secured and unsecured consumer loans including passbook loans, consumer lines of credit, overdraft protection and other consumer unsecured loans. Repayment is dependent on the credit quality and the cash flow of the individual borrower. Allocated Component: The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case The Company periodically may agree to modify the contractual terms of loans. When a loan is modified and a concession is made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). All TDRs are classified as impaired. Impaired loans are measured for impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Generally, TDRs are measured for impairment using the discounted cash flow method except in instances where foreclosure is probable in which case the fair value of collateral method is used. When the fair value of the impaired loan is determined to be less than the recorded investment in the loan, the impairment is recorded through the valuation allowance. However, for collateral dependent loans, the amount of the recorded investment in a loan that exceeds the fair value of the collateral is charged-off Unallocated Component: An unallocated component may be maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of incurred losses. The unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating allocated and general reserves in the portfolio. At June 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017, the Company had unallocated reserves of $664,000 and $621,000, respectively. Loans consisted of the following (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Amount Percent Amount Percent (unaudited) Mortgage loans: Residential one-to-four $ 1,520,873 59.79 % $ 1,333,058 57.93 % Commercial real estate loans 544,347 21.40 486,392 21.13 Multi-family real estate loans 185,000 7.27 155,680 6.77 Home equity lines of credit 171,741 6.75 178,624 7.76 Construction loans 38,460 1.51 53,045 2.31 Total mortgage loans 2,460,421 96.72 2,206,799 95.90 Commercial loans 63,215 2.48 63,722 2.77 Consumer loans: Indirect auto loans 19,804 0.78 30,227 1.31 Other consumer loans 408 0.02 435 0.02 83,427 3.28 94,384 4.10 Total loans 2,543,848 100.00 % 2,301,183 100.00 % Net deferred loan costs 3,501 3,426 Net unamortized mortgage premiums 9,265 8,661 Allowance for loan losses (17,296 ) (16,312 ) Total loans, net $ 2,539,318 $ 2,296,958 The following tables (in thousands) present the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited); and the balances of the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio class based on impairment method at June 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017. The recorded investment in loans in any of the following tables does not include accrued and unpaid interest, any deferred loan fees or costs or any premiums, as the amounts are not significant. Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Beginning balance Provision (benefit) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Residential one-to-four $ 6,584 $ 560 $ — $ — $ 7,144 Commercial real estate 5,148 538 — — 5,686 Multi-family real estate 1,820 (248 ) — — 1,572 Home equity lines of credit 950 (109 ) — — 841 Construction 458 92 — — 550 Commercial 789 (101 ) — — 688 Indirect auto 193 (33 ) (16 ) 2 146 Other consumer 5 — — — 5 Unallocated 637 27 — — 664 Total $ 16,584 $ 726 $ (16 ) $ 2 $ 17,296 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Beginning balance Provision (benefit) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Residential one-to-four $ 5,223 $ 441 $ — $ — $ 5,664 Commercial real estate 3,924 398 — — 4,322 Multi-family real estate 1,326 (36 ) — — 1,290 Home equity lines of credit 1,011 13 — — 1,024 Construction 1,297 (144 ) — — 1,153 Commercial 713 5 — — 718 Indirect auto 335 1 (9 ) 12 339 Other consumer 8 2 (4 ) 1 7 Unallocated 545 27 — — 572 Total $ 14,382 $ 707 $ (13 ) $ 13 $ 15,089 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Beginning balance Provision (benefit) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Residential one-to-four $ 6,400 $ 744 $ — $ — $ 7,144 Commercial real estate 4,979 707 — — 5,686 Multi-family real estate 1,604 (32 ) — — 1,572 Home equity lines of credit 947 (106 ) — — 841 Construction 764 (214 ) — — 550 Commercial 758 (66 ) (4 ) — 688 Indirect auto 230 (73 ) (22 ) 11 146 Other consumer 9 (2 ) (3 ) 1 5 Unallocated 621 43 — — 664 Total $ 16,312 $ 1,001 $ (29 ) $ 12 $ 17,296 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Beginning balance Provision (benefit) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending balance Residential one-to-four $ 4,828 $ 836 $ — $ — $ 5,664 Commercial real estate 3,676 646 — — 4,322 Multi-family real estate 1,209 81 — — 1,290 Home equity lines of credit 1,037 (13 ) — — 1,024 Construction 1,219 (66 ) — — 1,153 Commercial 728 (10 ) — — 718 Indirect auto 362 1 (40 ) 16 339 Other consumer 9 6 (9 ) 1 7 Unallocated 517 55 — — 572 Total $ 13,585 $ 1,536 $ (49 ) $ 17 $ 15,089 June 30, 2018 Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Total Loan balance Allowance Loan balance Allowance Loan balance Allowance Residential one-to-four $ 2,109 $ 6 $ 1,518,764 $ 7,138 $ 1,520,873 $ 7,144 Commercial real estate 2,851 — 541,496 5,686 544,347 5,686 Multi-family real estate — — 185,000 1,572 185,000 1,572 Home equity lines of credit 50 — 171,691 841 171,741 841 Construction — — 38,460 550 38,460 550 Commercial — — 63,215 688 63,215 688 Indirect auto 1 — 19,803 146 19,804 146 Other consumer — — 408 5 408 5 Unallocated — — — 664 — 664 Total $ 5,011 $ 6 $ 2,538,837 $ 17,290 $ 2,543,848 $ 17,296 December 31, 2017 Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Total Loan balance Allowance Loan balance Allowance Loan balance Allowance Residential one-to-four $ 2,688 $ 147 $ 1,330,370 $ 6,253 $ 1,333,058 $ 6,400 Commercial real estate 2,877 — 483,515 4,979 486,392 4,979 Multi-family real estate — — 155,680 1,604 155,680 1,604 Home equity lines of credit — — 178,624 947 178,624 947 Construction — — 53,045 764 53,045 764 Commercial — — 63,722 758 63,722 758 Indirect auto 4 — 30,223 230 30,227 230 Other consumer — — 435 9 435 9 Unallocated — — — 621 — 621 Total $ 5,569 $ 147 $ 2,295,614 $ 16,165 $ 2,301,183 $ 16,312 Information about loans that meet the definition of an impaired loan under ASC 310-10-35 Impaired loans with a related allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2018 Unpaid Related Recorded Principal Allowance for Investment Balance Credit Losses Residential one-to-four $ 195 $ 195 $ 6 Totals $ 195 $ 195 $ 6 Impaired loans with no related allowance for for credit losses at June 30, 2018 Unpaid Recorded Principal Investment Balance Residential one-to-four $ 1,914 $ 2,028 Commercial real estate 2,851 2,851 Home equity lines of credit 50 50 Indirect auto 1 1 Totals $ 4,816 $ 4,930 Impaired loans with a related allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2017 Unpaid Related Recorded Principal Allowance for Investment Balance Credit Losses Residential one-to-four $ 725 $ 725 $ 147 Totals $ 725 $ 725 $ 147 Impaired loans with no related allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2017 Unpaid Recorded Principal Investment Balance Residential one-to-four $ 1,963 $ 2,052 Commercial real estate 2,877 2,877 Indirect auto 4 4 Totals $ 4,844 $ 4,933 The following tables set forth information regarding interest income recognized on impaired loans, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated (unaudited and in thousands): Three months ended June 30, 2018 Three months ended June 30, 2017 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income With an allowance recorded Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Residential one-to-four $ 195 $ 2 $ 1,229 $ 8 Totals $ 195 $ 2 $ 1,229 $ 8 Three months ended June 30, 2018 Three months ended June 30, 2017 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Without an allowance recorded Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Residential one-to-four $ 1,923 $ 8 $ 1,767 $ 6 Commercial real estate 2,856 32 3,215 36 Home equity lines of credit 33 — 65 2 Indirect auto 3 — 7 — Totals $ 4,815 $ 40 $ 5,054 $ 44 Six months ended June 30, 2018 Six months ended June 30, 2017 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income With an allowance recorded Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Residential one-to-four $ 283 $ 7 $ 1,066 $ 16 Totals $ 283 $ 7 $ 1,066 $ 16 Six months ended June 30, 2018 Six months ended June 30, 2017 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Without an allowance recorded Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Residential one-to-four $ 1,936 $ 16 $ 1,953 $ 9 Commercial real estate 2,864 62 3,260 72 Home equity lines of credit 17 — 212 13 Indirect auto 5 — 8 — Totals $ 4,822 $ 78 $ 5,433 $ 94 The following is a summary of past due and non-accrual June 30, 2018 (unaudited) 90 days 90 Days Total or more Loans on 30–59 Days 60–89 Days or More Past Due and accruing Non-accrual Real estate loans: Residential one-to-four $ 2,008 $ 1 $ 260 $ 2,269 $ — $ 707 Home equity lines of credit 138 — — 138 — 50 Other loans: Indirect auto 246 56 1 303 — 1 Total $ 2,392 $ 57 $ 261 $ 2,710 $ — $ 758 December 31, 2017 90 days 90 Days Total or more Loans on 30–59 Days 60–89 Days or More Past Due and accruing Non-accrual Real estate loans: Residential one-to-four $ 711 $ — $ 260 $ 971 $ — $ 1,372 Home equity lines of credit 716 — — 716 — — Other loans: Indirect auto 347 30 4 381 — 4 Total $ 1,774 $ 30 $ 264 $ 2,068 $ — $ 1,376 Credit Quality Information The Company utilizes a nine-grade internal loan rating system for commercial, multi-family, commercial real estate and construction loans, and a five-grade internal loan rating system for certain residential real estate and home equity lines of credit that are rated if the loans become delinquent, impaired or are restructured as a TDR. Loans rated 1, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5: Loans in these categories are considered “pass” rated loans with low to average risk. Loans rated 4: Loans in this category are considered “special mention.” These loans are starting to show signs of potential weakness and are being closely monitored by management. Loans rated 5: Loans in this category are considered “substandard.” Generally, a loan is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the weakness is not corrected. Loans rated 6: Loans in this category are considered “doubtful.” Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Loans rated 7: Loans in this category are considered uncollectible (“loss”) and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews the ratings on all commercial, commercial real estate, multi-family real estate and construction loans. On an annual basis, the Company engages an independent third party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. On a quarterly basis, the Company formally reviews the ratings on all residential real estate and home equity lines of credit if they have become delinquent. Criteria used to determine the rating consists of loan-to-value The following tables present the Company’s loans by risk rating at June 30, 2018 (unaudited and in thousands) and December 31, 2017 (in thousands). There were no loans rated as 6 (“doubtful”) or 7 (“loss”) at the dates indicated. June 30, 2018 Loans rated 1-3.5 Loans rated 4 Loans rated 5 Loans not rated (A) Total Residential one-to-four $ — $ 339 $ 1,387 $ 1,519,147 $ 1,520,873 Commercial real estate 540,568 — 3,779 — 544,347 Multi-family real estate 185,000 — — — 185,000 Home equity lines of credit — — 49 171,692 171,741 Construction 38,460 — — — 38,460 Commercial 63,215 — — — 63,215 Indirect auto — — — 19,804 19,804 Other consumer — — — 408 408 Total $ 827,243 $ 339 $ 5,215 $ 1,711,051 $ 2,543,848 December 31, 2017 Loans rated 1-3.5 Loans rated 4 Loans rated 5 Loans not rated (A) Total Residential one-to-four $ — $ 344 $ 2,060 $ 1,330,654 $ 1,333,058 Commercial real estate 482,574 — 3,818 — 486,392 Multi-family real estate 155,680 — — — 155,680 Home equity lines of credit — — 772 177,852 178,624 Construction 53,045 — — — 53,045 Commercial 63,682 40 — — 63,722 Indirect auto — — — 30,227 30,227 Consumer — — — 435 435 Total $ 754,981 $ 384 $ 6,650 $ 1,539,168 $ 2,301,183 (A) Residential real estate and home equity lines of credit are not formally risk rated by the Company unless the loans become delinquent, impaired or are restructured as a TDR. The Company periodically modifies loans to extend the term, reduce the interest rate or make other concessions to help a borrower stay current on their loan and to avoid foreclosure. Any loans that are modified are reviewed by the Company to determine if a TDR has occurred, which is when, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 (unaudited), there were no loans modified and determined to be TDRs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 (unaudited), one existing TDR was modified again to extend the maturity. The following table shows the Company’s total TDRs and other pertinent information as of the dates indicated (in thousands): June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 (unaudited) TDRs on Accrual Status $ 4,253 $ 4,194 TDRs on Nonaccrual Status — 645 Total TDRs $ 4,253 $ 4,839 Amount of specific allocation included in the allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs $ 6 $ 147 Additional commitments to lend to a borrower who has been a party to a TDR $ — $ — The following tables show the TDR modifications which occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and the change in the recorded investment subsequent to the modifications occurring (dollars in thousands and unaudited): Three months ended June 30, 2017 Pre-modification Post-modification # of outstanding outstanding Contracts recorded investment recorded investment Real estate loans: Commercial real estate loans 1 $ 273 $ 273 Total 1 $ 273 $ 273 Six months ended June 30, 2017 Pre-modification Post-modification # of outstanding outstanding Contracts recorded investment recorded investment Real estate loans: Commercial real estate loans 1 $ 273 $ 273 Total 1 $ 273 $ 273 The following table shows the Company’s post-modification balance of TDRs listed by type of modification during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands and unaudited): Three months ended June 30, 2017 Extended maturity $ 273 Total $ 273 Six months ended June 30, 2017 Extended maturity $ 273 Total $ 273 The Company generally considers a loan to have defaulted when it reaches 90 days past due. There were no loans that have been modified as TDRs during the past twelve months which have subsequently defaulted during during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited). The impact of TDRs and subsequently defaulted TDRs did not have a material impact on the allowance for loan losses. Foreclosure Proceedings The Company had one consumer mortgage loan for $260,000 collateralized by residential real estate property that was in the process of foreclosure as of June 30, 2018 (unaudited). There were no consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2017. |