(b) Since December 31, 2018, there has not been any event or effect that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.8Compliance with Law; Permits.
(a) Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries is, and since January 1, 2017 (in the case of Parent) and the later of January 1, 2017 and such Subsidiary’s respective date of incorporation, formation or organization (in the case of a Subsidiary) has been, in compliance with and is not in default under or in violation of any applicable Law, except where suchnon-compliance, default or violation would not have or reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. Anything contained in thisSection 5.8(a) to the contrary notwithstanding, no representation or warranty shall be deemed to be made in thisSection 5.8(a) in respect of environmental, tax, intellectual property, employee benefits or labor Law matters, each of which is addressed by other sections of thisArticle V.
(b) Without limiting the generality ofSection 5.8(a), none of Parent, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Knowledge of Parent, any of their respective joint venture partners, joint interest owners, variable interest entity owners, consultants, agents or representatives of any of the foregoing (in their respective capacities as such) has (i) violated any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the UK Bribery Act of 2010 or Brazilian Federal Law No. 12,683/2012, as applicable, or any similar Law of any other applicable jurisdiction or (ii) except as would not have or reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect, made any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official.
(c) Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries is in possession of all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses (including operating licenses and aerodrome licenses), permits, easements, variances, exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals, permissions, registrations, air operators certificates and Orders of any Governmental Entity required by Law for Parent and its Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate their properties and assets or to carry on their businesses as they are now being conducted (the “Parent Permits”), except where the failure to have any of Parent Permits would not have or reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. All Parent Permits are in full force and effect, except where the failure to be in full force and effect would not have or reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. No suspension or cancellation of any of Parent Permits is pending or, to the Knowledge of Parent, threatened, except where such suspension or cancellation would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. Parent and its Subsidiaries are not, and since January 1, 2017 have not been, in violation or breach of, or default under, any Parent Permit, except where such violation, breach or default would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. As of the date of this Agreement, to the Knowledge of Parent, no event or condition has occurred or exists which would result in a violation of, breach, default or loss of a benefit under, or acceleration of an obligation of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries under, any Parent Permit, or has caused (or would cause) an applicable Governmental Entity to fail or refuse to issue, renew, extend, any Parent Permit (in each case, with or without notice or lapse of time or both), except for violations, breaches, defaults, losses, accelerations or failures that would not have or reasonably be expected to have, individually
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