During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the ratio of our net expenses to our average net assets was 2.08% and 2.16%, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the ratio of our net expenses to average net assets included $20,574 and $17,625, respectively, related to interest expense and $14,716 and $15,744, respectively, related to accruals of incentive fees. Without such expenses, our ratio of net expenses to average net assets would have been 0.89% and 0.92% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Incentive fees and interest expense, among other things, may increase or decrease our expense ratios relative to comparative periods depending on portfolio performance, and changes in benchmark interest rates such as LIBOR among other factors.
Net Investment Income
Our net investment income totaled $62,532 ($0.19 per share) and $62,976 ($0.19 per share) for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in net investment income can be attributed primarily to increased interest expense as a result of rising interest rates on our floating rate borrowings.
Net Realized Gains or Losses
We sold investments and received principal repayments of $216,553 and $384,478, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2017, from which we realized a net loss of $23,756. We sold investments and received principal repayments of $135,875 and $195,046, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2016, from which we realized a net loss of $32,219. We also realized a net gain of $317 from settlements on foreign currency during the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on Investments and Secured Borrowing and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency
For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments totaled $(6,424), the net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on the secured borrowing was $(2) and the net change in unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency was $(184). For the three months ended June 30, 2016, the net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments totaled $146,393. The net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on our investments during the three months ended June 30, 2017 was driven by the conversion of unrealized depreciation to realized losses, offset by the reduced valuations in certain investments.
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations
For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations was $32,483 ($0.10 per share) and $177,150 ($0.55 per share), respectively.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
Revenues
We generated investment income of $255,804 and $241,201 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, in the form of interest and fees earned on senior secured loans (first and second lien), senior secured bonds, subordinated debt and collateralized securities in our portfolio and dividends and other distributions earned on equity/other investments in our portfolio. Such revenues represent $238,373 and $225,270 of cash income earned as well as $17,431 and $15,931 in non-cash portions relating to accretion of discount and PIK interest for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash flows related to such non-cash revenues may not occur for a number of reporting periods or years after such revenues are recognized.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we generated $216,693 and $229,638, respectively, of interest income, which represented 84.7% and 95.2%, respectively, of total investment income. The level of investment income we receive is directly related to the balance of income-producing investments multiplied by the weighted average yield of our investments.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we generated $39,100 and $11,563, respectively, of fee income, which represented 15.3% and 4.8%, respectively, of total investment income. Fee income is transaction based, and typically consists of amendment and consent fees, prepayment fees, structuring fees