Interest expense, net increased by $1.7 million, or 1 percent, to $318.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $316.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was principally due to the following:
| • | | an increase of $7.3 million primarily resulting from our financing activities in 2019; and |
| • | | an increase of $4.6 million from lower capitalized interest primarily resulting from decreased levels of satellites and related assets under construction; partially offset by |
| • | | a decrease of $8.3 million corresponding to the decrease in fair value of the interest rate cap contracts. |
Thenon-cash portion of total interest expense, net was $39.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily consisting of interest expense related to the significant financing component identified in customer contracts, amortization of deferred financing fees, amortization and accretion of discounts and premiums and the loss resulting from the decrease in fair value of the interest rate cap contracts we hold.
Other income, netwas $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to other income, net of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily resulted from a $6.0 million gain on sale of assets, partially offset by foreign currency loss of $4.3 million largely related to our business conducted in Brazilian reals.
Provision for income taxeswas $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was principally attributable to the relaxed limitations on the deductibility of interest and use of net operating losses (NOLs) related to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) enacted on March 27, 2020.
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, totaled $1.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Net Income, Net Income per Diluted Common Share attributable to Intelsat S.A., EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss attributable to Intelsat S.A.was $218.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a net loss of $120.6 million for the same period in 2019.
Net loss per diluted common share attributable to Intelsat S.A. was $1.55 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to net loss of $0.87 per diluted common share for the same period in 2019.
EBITDAwas $263.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $372.8 million for the same period in 2019, reflecting lower revenue and higher operating costs, as described above.
Adjusted EBITDA was $294.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, or 64 percent of revenue, compared to $380.3 million, or 72 percent of revenue, for the same period in 2019, reflecting lower revenue and higher operating costs, as described above.
Free Cash Flow Used In Operations1
Net cash provided by operating activities was $14.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Free cash flow used in operations was $18.1 million for the same period. Free cash flow from (used in) operations is defined as net cash provided by operating activities and other proceeds from satellites from investing activities, less payments for satellites and other property and equipment (including capitalized interest). Payments for satellites and other property and equipment from investing activities, net during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $38.0 million, and other proceeds from satellites were $5.6 million.
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