Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:
| | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended |
| | September 30, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 |
Net cash (used in) provided by: | | | | | | |
Operating activities | | $ | (20,627,352) | | $ | (8,211,019) |
Investing activities | | | (26,882,187) | | | 552,311 |
Financing activities | | | 235,826 | | | 65,301,991 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | (47,273,713) | | $ | 57,643,283 |
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities consisted of net losses adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $20,627,352 and reflected (i) the net loss of $23,013,992, (ii) net non-cash usage items of $1,573,431, including $853,130 of stock-based compensation, $817,792 of depreciation and amortization expense, amortization of premium/discount on investments of $23,038 and $758 of loss on disposal of property and equipment, partially offset by non-cash interest income of $121,287, and (iii) a net cash outflow from changes in balances of operating assets and liabilities of $813,209.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $8,211,019 and reflected (i) the net loss of $9,194,757, (ii) net non-cash items of $2,035,234, including a gain on sale of equity investment of $1,983,912, paycheck protection program loan forgiveness of $568,505, and the change in fair value of embedded derivative of $246,962, partially offset by stock-based compensation of $384,299, an equity loss in affiliate of $223,633, amortization of discount on note of $62,638 and depreciation and amortization expense of $93,575 and (iii) a net cash inflow from changes in balances of operating assets and liabilities of $3,018,972.
Investing Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $26,882,187 and reflected purchase of investments of $26,026,125 and property and equipment purchases of $856,062.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by investing activities was $552,311 and reflected proceeds from the sale of Reprise stock of $2,000,000, partially offset by construction in process purchases of $1,166,129 and property and equipment purchases of $281,560.
Financing Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities was $235,826 and was primarily the result of proceeds from stock warrant exercises of $414,098 and proceeds from stock option exercises of $363,671, partially offset by payments on long-term debt of $318,432, payments on offering costs of $182,899 and payments on financing lease obligations of $40,612.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $65,301,991 and was primarily the result of net proceeds from the IPO of $44,593,686, net proceeds from sales of Series C Preferred Stock of $19,891,670, proceeds related to stock option exercises of $803,480, proceeds from financing lease obligations of $87,567 and proceeds from stock warrant exercises of $8,975, partially offset by payments on long-term debt of $61,303 and payments on financing lease obligations of $22,084.