Loans | Note 6 – Loans The Bank provides commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage, commercial construction, automobile and other consumer loans in each of the markets it serves. It also offers residential mortgage, home equity and certain U.S. government guaranteed loans in Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and California. Outstanding loan balances are presented net of unearned income, net deferred loan fees, and unamortized discount and premium totaling $2.5 million at December 31, 2016. The loan portfolio consisted of the following at: December 31, 2016 2015 Amount Percent Amount Percent (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial & industrial $ 248,059 21.1 % $ 233,351 21.8 % Commercial mortgage 552,272 47.0 % 420,049 39.2 % Commercial construction 6,421 0.5 % 62,415 5.8 % Commercial agriculture 747 0.1 % - 0.0 % Total commercial 807,499 68.7 % 715,815 66.9 % Consumer Residential mortgage 143,951 12.2 % 144,007 13.5 % Home equity 480 0.0 % 628 0.1 % Automobile 30,798 2.6 % 26,541 2.5 % Other consumer loans 1 193,279 16.4 % 183,597 17.1 % Total consumer 368,508 31.3 % 354,773 33.1 % Gross loans 1,176,007 100.0 % 1,070,588 100.0 % Deferred fee (income) costs, net (2,527 ) (2,179 ) Allowance for loan losses (15,435 ) (14,159 ) Loans, net $ 1,158,045 $ 1,054,250 1 Comprised of other revolving credit, installment, and overdrafts. At December 31, 2016, total gross loans increased by $105.4 million, to $1.18 billion, up from $1.07 billion at December 31, 2015. The growth in loans was largely attributed to (i) an increase of $132.2 million in the commercial mortgage category, to $552.3 million from $420.0 million, primarily due to various large loans originated in the California region and in Guam, (ii) a $14.7 million increase in the commercial and industrial loan category, to $248.1 million from $233.4 million, based primarily on net additions in San Francisco, Guam and the Marshall Islands, (iii) an increase of $9.7 million in the other consumer loan category, from $183.6 million to $193.3 million, primarily due to consumer loan promotions, (iv) an increase of $4.3 million in automobile loans, from $26.5 million to $30.8 million, primarily due to an expanded automobile loan program, and (iv) the issuance of a commercial agriculture loan in the amount of 747 thousand. These were partially offset by a $56.0 million decrease in commercial construction loans, to $6.4 million from $62.4 million, due primarily to the completion of the construction of a project, when the loan was rolled over into a commercial mortgage. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management, and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of loans in light of historical experience, the nature of volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The portion of the allowance that covers unimpaired loans is based on historical charge-off experience and expected loss, given the default probability derived from the Bank’s internal risk rating process. Other adjustments may be made to the allowance for pools of loans after an assessment of internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected in the historical loss or risk rating data. Our loss migration analysis tracks a certain number of quarters of loan loss history and industry loss factors to determine historical losses by classification category for each loan type, except certain consumer loans. These calculated loss factors are then applied to outstanding loan balances for all loans on accrual designated as “Pass,” “Special Mention,” “Substandard” or “Doubtful” (“classification categories”). Additionally, a qualitative factor that is determined utilizing external economic factors and internal assessments is applied to each homogeneous loan pool. We also conduct individual loan review analyses, as part of the allowance for loan loss allowance allocation process, applying specific monitoring policies and procedures in analyzing the existing loan portfolios. Credit Quality Indicators The Bank uses several credit quality indicators to manage credit risk, including an internal credit risk rating system that categorizes loans and leases into pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss categories. Credit risk ratings are applied individually to those classes of loans and leases that have significant or unique credit characteristics and that benefit from a case-by-case evaluation. These are typically loans and leases to businesses or individuals in the classes which comprise the commercial portfolio segment. Groups of loans and leases that are underwritten and structured using standardized criteria and characteristics, such as statistical models (e.g., credit scoring or payment performance), are typically risk-rated and monitored collectively. These are typically loans and leases to individuals in the classes which comprise the consumer portfolio segment. The following are the definitions of the Bank’s credit quality indicators: Pass (A): Exceptional: Essentially risk-free credit. These are loans of the highest quality that pose virtually no risk of loss to the Bank. This includes loans fully collateralized by means of a savings account(s) and time certificate(s) of deposit, and by at least 110% of the loan amount. Borrowers should have strong financial statements, good liquidity and excellent credit. Pass (B): Standard: Multiple “strong sources of repayment.” Loans to strong borrowers with a demonstrated history of financial and managerial performance. Risk of loss is considered to be low. Loans are well structured, with clearly identified primary and readily available secondary sources of repayment. Loans maybe secured by an equal amount of funds in a savings account or time certificate of deposit. Loans may be secured by marketable collateral whose value can be reasonably determined through outside appraisals. Very strong cash flow and relatively low leverage. Pass (C): Acceptable: “Good” primary and secondary sources of repayment. Loans to borrowers of average financial strength, stability and management expertise. Borrower should be a well-established individual or company with adequate financial resources to weather short-term fluctuations in the marketplace. Financial ratios and trends are favorable. The loans may be unsecured or supported by non-real estate collateral for which the value is more difficult to determine, reasonable credit risk and requiring an average amount of account officer attention. Unsecured credit is to be of unquestionable strength. Pass (D): Monitor: “Sufficient” primary source of repayment and acceptable secondary source of repayment. Acceptable business or individual credit, but the borrower’s operations, cash flow or financial conditions evidence moderate to average levels of risk. Loans are considered to be collectable in full, but may require a greater-than-average amount of loan officer attention. Borrowers are capable of absorbing normal setbacks without failure. Special Mention: A special mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve close monitoring. These potential weaknesses may result in a deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special Mention should neither be a compromise between a pass grade and substandard, nor should it be a “catch all” grade to identify any loan that has a policy exception. Substandard: A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and payment capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Formula Classified: Formula classified loans are all loans and credit cards delinquent 90 days and over which have yet to be formally classified Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful by the Bank’s Loan Committee. In most instances, the monthly formula total is comprised primarily of residential real estate and consumer loans and credit cards. Commercial loans are typically formally classified by the Loan Committee no later than their 90-day delinquency, and thus usually do not become part of the formula classification. Real estate loans 90-days delinquent are in the foreclosure process and are typically completed within another 60 days, and thus are not formally classified during this period. Doubtful: A loan with weaknesses well enough defined that eventual repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, is highly questionable, even though certain factors may be present which could improve the status of the loan. The probability of some loss is extremely high, but because of certain known factors, which may work to the advantage of strengthening of the assets (i.e. capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, refinancing plans, etc.), its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status can be determined. Loss: Loans classified as “Loss” are considered uncollectible, and are either unsecured or are supported by collateral that is of little to no value. As such, their continuance as recorded assets is not warranted. While this classification does not mandate that a loan has no ultimate recovery value, losses should be taken in the period these loans are deemed to be uncollectible. Loans identified as loss are immediately approved for charge off. The Bank may refer loans to outside collection agencies, attorneys, or its internal collection division to continue collection efforts. Any subsequent recoveries are credited to the Allowance for Loan Losses. Set forth below is a summary of the Company’s activity in the allowance for loan losses during the years ended: December 31, 2016 2015 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 14,159 $ 12,526 $ 12,077 Provision for loan losses 3,900 4,488 4,540 Recoveries on loans previously charged off 3,007 1,402 1,779 Charged off loans (5,631 ) (4,257 ) (5,870 ) Balance, end of period $ 15,435 $ 14,159 $ 12,526 The provision for loan losses in the above summary reflects the net amount contributing to the allowance for loan losses, including the $6 thousand assigned to the reserve for off-balance sheet risk. Together, they comprise the $3.9 million provision reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The increase in the allowance for loan losses is primarily due to the growth of the overall loan portfolio, partially offset by a reduction in classified loans and a decline in delinquency rates, along with management’s reassessment of economic conditions and prospects. The allowance will change in the future in response to changes in the size, composition and quality of the loan portfolio, as well as periodic reassessments of prospective economic conditions. Set forth below is information regarding gross loan balances and the related allowance for loan losses, by portfolio type, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Commercial Residential Mortgages Consumer Total (Dollars in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2016 Allowance for loan losses: Balance at beginning of period $ 6,890 $ 1,853 $ 5,416 $ 14,159 Charge-offs (276 ) (121 ) (5,234 ) $ (5,631 ) Recoveries 1,691 6 1,310 $ 3,007 Provision 294 140 3,466 $ 3,900 Balance at end of period $ 8,599 $ 1,878 $ 4,958 $ 15,435 Allowance balance at end of year related to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - Loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 8,599 $ 1,878 $ 4,958 $ 15,435 Loan balances at end of year: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 7,749 $ 6,388 $ 174 $ 14,311 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 799,750 138,043 223,903 1,161,696 Ending Balance $ 807,499 $ 144,431 $ 224,077 $ 1,176,007 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Allowance for loan losses: Balance at beginning of year $ 5,538 $ 1,590 $ 5,398 $ 12,526 Charge-offs (222 ) (9 ) (4,026 ) (4,257 ) Recoveries 98 32 1,272 1,402 Provision 1,476 240 2,772 4,488 Balance at end of year $ 6,890 $ 1,853 $ 5,416 $ 14,159 Allowance balance at end of year related to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - Loans collectively evaluated for impairment $ 6,890 $ 1,853 $ 5,416 $ 14,159 Loan balances at end of year: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 10,146 $ 7,303 $ 122 $ 17,571 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 705,669 137,332 210,016 1,053,017 Ending Balance $ 715,815 $ 144,635 $ 210,138 $ 1,070,588 Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral (if the loan is collateral dependent). Large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. The Bank performs direct write-downs of impaired loans with a charge to the allocated component of the allowance, therefore reducing the allocated component of the reserve to zero at the end of each reporting period. The following table provides a summary of the delinquency status of the Bank’s gross loans by portfolio type: 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days and Greater Total Past Due Current Total Loans Outstanding (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016 Commercial Commercial & industrial $ 610 $ 269 $ 119 $ 998 $ 247,061 $ 248,059 Commercial mortgage - 770 691 1,461 550,811 552,272 Commercial construction - - - - 6,421 6,421 Commercial agriculture - - - - 747 747 Total commercial 610 1,039 810 2,459 805,040 807,499 Consumer Residential mortgage 6,277 3,457 3,211 12,945 131,006 143,951 Home equity - 102 - 102 378 480 Automobile 1,288 239 104 1,631 29,167 30,798 Other consumer 1 2,521 1,149 1,771 5,441 187,838 193,279 Total consumer 10,086 4,947 5,086 20,119 348,389 368,508 Total $ 10,696 $ 5,986 $ 5,896 $ 22,578 $ 1,153,429 $ 1,176,007 December 31, 2015 Commercial Commercial & industrial $ 787 $ 136 $ 25 $ 948 $ 232,403 $ 233,351 Commercial mortgage 2,222 - 3,656 5,878 414,171 420,049 Commercial construction - - - - 62,415 62,415 Commercial agriculture - - - - - - Total commercial 3,009 136 3,681 6,826 708,989 715,815 Consumer Residential mortgage 6,660 3,012 3,384 13,056 130,951 144,007 Home equity 7 - - 7 621 628 Automobile 736 179 59 974 25,567 26,541 Other consumer 1 2,488 1,590 1,481 5,559 178,038 183,597 Total consumer 9,891 4,781 4,924 19,596 335,177 354,773 Total $ 12,900 $ 4,917 $ 8,605 $ 26,422 $ 1,044,166 $ 1,070,588 1 Comprised of other revolving credit, installment, and overdrafts. The Bank’s outstanding loan balances have increased by $105.4 million over the past year and the delinquency rate of 1.9% at December 31, 2016, was 0.5% lower than the rate at December 31, 2015, as a result of of a gross decrease of $3.8 million in total past due loans. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $4.4 million decline in commercial mortgage delinquencies, partially offset by an increase of $657 thousand in automobile loans. Generally, the accrual of interest on a loan is discontinued when principal or interest payments become more than 90 days past due, unless management believes the loan is adequately collateralized and it is in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against current income. Subsequent collections of cash are applied as principal reductions when received, except when the ultimate collectability of principal is probable, in which case interest payments are credited to income. Non-accrual loans may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest become current and full repayment is expected. The following table provides information as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, with respect to loans on non-accrual status, by portfolio type: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Non-accrual loans: Commercial Commercial & industrial $ 1,094 $ 1,334 Commercial mortgage 6,390 8,744 Commercial construction - - Commercial agriculture - - Total commercial 7,484 10,078 Consumer Residential mortgage 6,353 7,245 Home equity 35 37 Automobile - - Other consumer 1 174 123 Total consumer 6,562 7,405 Total non-accrual loans $ 14,046 $ 17,483 1 Comprised of other revolving credit, installment loans, and overdrafts. The Company classifies its loan portfolios using internal credit quality ratings, as discussed above under Allowance for Loan Losses December 31, 2016 2015 Increase (Decrease) (Dollars in thousands) Pass: Commercial & industrial $ 231,553 $ 221,063 $ 10,490 Commercial mortgage 538,471 391,957 146,514 Commercial construction 6,422 62,415 (55,993 ) Commercial agriculture 747 - 747 Residential mortgage 137,446 136,175 1,271 Home equity 445 591 (146 ) Automobile 30,714 26,482 4,232 Other consumer 191,467 182,077 9,390 Total pass loans $ 1,137,265 $ 1,020,760 $ 116,505 Special Mention: Commercial & industrial $ 14,710 $ 10,322 $ 4,388 Commercial mortgage 6,055 17,225 (11,170 ) Commercial construction - - - Commercial agriculture - - - Residential mortgage 152 306 (154 ) Home equity - - - Automobile - - - Other consumer - - - Total special mention loans $ 20,917 $ 27,853 $ (6,936 ) Substandard: Commercial & industrial $ 1,790 $ 1,937 $ (147 ) Commercial mortgage 7,521 10,616 (3,095 ) Commercial construction - - - Commercial agriculture - - - Residential mortgage 431 477 (46 ) Home equity - - - Automobile - - - Other consumer - - - Total substandard loans $ 9,742 $ 13,030 $ (3,288 ) Formula Classified: Commercial & industrial $ 6 $ 29 $ (23 ) Commercial mortgage 224 250 (26 ) Commercial construction - - - Commercial agriculture - - - Residential mortgage 5,922 7,050 (1,128 ) Home equity 35 37 (2 ) Automobile 84 59 25 Other consumer 1,812 1,520 292 Total formula classified loans $ 8,083 $ 8,945 $ (862 ) Doubtful: Commercial & industrial $ - $ - $ - Commercial mortgage - - - Commercial construction - - - Commercial agriculture - - - Residential mortgage - - - Home equity - - - Automobile - - - Other consumer - - - Total doubtful loans $ - $ - $ - Total outstanding loans, gross $ 1,176,007 $ 1,070,588 $ 105,419 As the above table indicates, the Company’s total loans approximated $1.18 billion at December 31, 2016, up from $1.07 billion at December 31, 2015. The disaggregation of the portfolio by risk rating in the table reflects the following changes between December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2016: • Loans rated “pass” totaled $1.14 billion at December 31, 2016, an increase of $116.5 million from $1.02 billion at December 31, 2015, due primarily to the increases of $146.5 million in commercial mortgage loans, $10.5 million in commercial & industrial loans, $9.4 million in other consumer loans, $4.2 million in automobile loans, $1.3 million in residential mortgages and $747 thousand in commercial agricultural loans. The other consumer loans increase is due to new bookings and promotional programs, and the increase in automobile loans is the result of greater efforts in originating dealer loans. These increases were partially offset by the decreases of $56.0 million in commercial construction loans, concentrated in Guam. The decrease on commercial construction loans is due to the completion of the construction of the project, with the loan rolled over into a commercial mortgage. • The “special mention” category decreased by $6.9 million to $20.9 million at December 31, 2016. The commercial mortgage loan category decreased to $6.1 million, due to the upgrade of $5.5 million in two loan relationships from “special mention” to “pass” and a $876 thousand downgrade due to one loan relationship from “special mention” to “substandard.” In addition, there was a payoff of loans previously categorized as “special mention” totaling $10.7 million. Special mention commercial & industrial loans increased by $4.4 million, due primarily to the downgrade of a $14.0 million loan relationship from “pass.” • Loans classified as “substandard” decreased by $3.3 million, to $9.7 million at December 31, 2016 . Substandard commercial mortgage loans decreased by $3.1 million, to $7.5 million, primarily due to two large loan payoffs totaling $3.1 million. • The “formula classified” category decreased by $862 thousand during the period, to $8.1 million, primarily because of the decrease of $1.1 million in residential mortgages due to $545 thousand in loans being paid off, $504 thousand placed in OREO and $219 thousand in the process of foreclosure. These were partly offset by a $292 thousand increase in “formula classified” other consumer loans. Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impaired loans include loans that are in non-accrual status and other loans that have been modified in Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation actions, and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions taken with the intention to maximize collections. The following table sets forth information regarding non-accrual loans and restructured loans, at December 31, 2016 and 2015: December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Impaired loans: Restructured loans: Non-accruing restructured loans $ 6,589 $ 8,318 Accruing restructured loans 265 88 Total restructured loans 6,854 8,406 Other non-accruing impaired loans 7,457 9,165 Total impaired loans $ 14,311 $ 17,571 Impaired loans less than 90 days delinquent and included in total impaired loans $ 10,206 $ 10,597 The table below contains additional information with respect to impaired loans, by portfolio type, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2016, With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 1,359 $ 2,993 $ 1,497 $ - Commercial mortgage 6,390 6,629 7,710 - Commercial construction - - - - Commercial agriculture - - - - Residential mortgage 6,353 6,375 6,896 2 Home equity 35 35 36 - Automobile - - - - Other consumer 174 175 142 - Total impaired loans with no related allowance $ 14,311 $ 16,207 $ 16,281 $ 2 December 31, 2016, With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial mortgage - - - - Commercial construction - - - - Commercial agriculture - - - - Residential mortgage - - - - Home equity - - - - Automobile - - - - Other consumer - - - - Total impaired loans with no related allowance $ - $ - $ - $ - December 31, 2015, With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 1,402 $ 3,029 $ 1,526 $ - Commercial mortgage 8,744 10,508 8,810 - Commercial construction - - - - Commercial agriculture - - - - Residential mortgage 7,266 7,283 7,389 - Home equity 37 - 42 - Automobile - - - - Other consumer 122 123 119 - Total impaired loans with no related allowance $ 17,571 $ 20,943 $ 17,886 $ - December 31, 2015, With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial mortgage - - - - Commercial construction - - - - Commercial agriculture - - - - Residential mortgage - - - - Home equity - - - - Automobile - - - - Other consumer - - - - Total impaired loans with no related allowance $ - $ - $ - $ - Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. The Bank performs direct write-downs of impaired loans with a charge to the allocated component of the allowance, thereby reducing the allocated component of the reserve to zero at the end of each reporting period. Troubled Debt Restructurings The Bank had $6.9 million of troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) as of December 31, 2016. The restructured loans recorded with the Bank represent financing receivables, modified for the purpose of alleviating temporary impairments to the borrower’s financial condition. The modifications that the Bank has extended to borrowers have come in the form of a change in the amortization terms, a reduction in the interest rate, interest only payments and, in limited cases, a concession to the outstanding loan balance. The workout plans between the borrower and Bank are designed to provide a bridge for the cash flow shortfalls in the near term. As the borrower works through the near term issues, in most cases, the original contractual terms will be reinstated. At December 31, 2015, the Bank carried $8.4 million of troubled debt restructurings. This decrease of $1.6 million, to $6.9 million at December 31, 2016, is due primarily to four loans being removed from the restructured classification during 2016. Pre-Modification Outstanding Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Balance December 31, Number of Loans Recorded Investment Recorded Investment 2016 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Performing Residential mortgage - $ - $ - $ - $ 21 Commercial mortgage 1 270 270 265 67 Automobile - - - - - Consumer - - - - - Total Performing 1 270 270 265 88 Nonperforming Residential mortgage - $ - $ - $ - $ - Commercial mortgage 10 10,662 10,653 6,589 8,318 Automobile - - - - - Consumer - - - - - Total Nonperforming 10 $ 10,662 $ 10,653 $ 6,589 $ 8,318 Total (TDRs) 11 $ 10,932 $ 10,923 $ 6,854 $ 8,406 |