Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments Our risk management program is intended to reduce our exposure to commodity price volatility and to assist with stabilizing cash flows. Accordingly, we utilize commodity derivative contracts (swaps, calls, puts and collars) to manage a portion of our exposure to commodity prices and specific delivery points. The commodity derivative contracts that we have entered into generally have the effect of providing us with a fixed price or a floor for a portion of our expected future oil production over a fixed period of time. We enter into commodity derivative contracts or modify our portfolio of existing commodity derivative contracts when we believe market conditions or other circumstances suggest that it is prudent to do so, or as required by our lenders. These are presented as derivative financial instruments on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We account for our commodity derivative contracts at fair value. See Note 5 in this section for a description of our fair value measurements. At September 30, 2016, our derivative contracts were in a net liability position with a fair value of approximately $2.9 million. At December 31, 2015, our derivative contracts were in a net asset position with a fair value of approximately $25.6 million. All of our commodity derivative contracts are with major financial institutions that are also members of our banking group. Should one of these financial counterparties not perform, we may not realize the benefit of some of our commodity derivative contracts under lower commodity prices and we could incur a loss. As of September 30, 2016, all of our counterparties have performed pursuant to their commodity derivative contracts. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our commodity derivative contracts had maturities that extended through December 2018 and December 2017, respectively, and were comprised of commodity price swap, call, put and collar contracts. For commodity price swap contracts, at the time of execution the seller agrees to receive a fixed price at maturity in exchange for any gains or losses that might be realized from allowing the price of the underlying commodity to float with the market until maturity. From the perspective of the seller, these instruments limit exposure to price declines below the price fixed by the swap at the expense of participating in any price increases above the price fixed by the swap. For commodity price call contracts, in return for a premium received, which can be effected at either execution or settlement, the seller is obliged to pay the difference, when positive, between the market price of the underlying commodity at maturity and the strike price. From the perspective of the seller, these instruments provide income via the premium received at the expense of any incremental gains that would have otherwise been received above the strike price. For commodity price put contracts, in return for a premium paid, which can be effected at either execution or settlement, the purchaser has the right to receive the difference, when positive, between the strike price and the market price of the underlying commodity at maturity. From the perspective of the purchaser, these instruments limit exposure to price declines below the strike price at the expense of premiums paid. For commodity price collar contracts, a collar is the combination of a put purchased or sold by a party and a call option sold or purchased by the same party. The collar is defined as costless when the value of the option purchased is approximately offset by the value of the option sold. We do not designate derivatives as hedges for accounting purposes; therefore, the mark-to-market adjustment reflecting the change in the fair value of our commodity derivative contracts is recorded in current period earnings. When prices for oil are volatile, a significant portion of the effect of our hedging activities consists of non-cash gains or losses due to changes in the fair value of our commodity derivative contracts. In addition to mark-to-market adjustments, gains or losses arise from net payments made or received on monthly settlements, proceeds or payments for termination of contracts prior to their expiration and premiums paid or received for new contracts. Any deferred premiums are recorded as a liability and recognized in earnings as the related contracts mature. Gains and losses on derivatives are included in cash flows from operating activities. Pursuant to the accounting standard that permits netting of assets and liabilities where the right of offset exists, we present the fair value of commodity derivative contracts on a net basis. At September 30, 2016 , we had the following oil derivatives net positions: Period Covered Weighted Average Fixed Price Weighted Average Floor Price Weighted Average Ceiling Price Total Bbls NYMEX Index Swaps - 2016 $ 64.18 1,304 WTI Puts - 2016 $ 50.00 $ — 1,957 WTI Collars - 2017 $ 40.00 $ 50.68 658 WTI Puts - 2017 $ 50.00 $ — 1,932 WTI Collars - 2018 $ 44.38 $ 55.52 1,315 WTI Puts - 2018 $ 45.00 $ — 164 WTI At December 31, 2015, we had the following oil derivatives net positions: Period Covered Weighted Average Fixed Price Weighted Average Floor Price Weighted Average Ceiling Price Total Bbls NYMEX Index Swaps - 2016 $ 79.98 1,598 WTI Collars - 2016 $ 50.00 $ 50.00 328 WTI Puts - 2016 $ 50.00 $ — 1,475 WTI Puts - 2017 $ 50.00 $ — 1,932 WTI During the first quarter of 2015, we restructured a significant portion of our existing commodity derivative contracts that were in place at December 31, 2014 and entered into new commodity derivative contracts which extended through September 2016. In connection with the early termination of our commodity derivative contracts, we received net proceeds of approximately $11.1 million. We received approximately $5.9 million from selling calls and paid approximately $19.8 million in premiums to extend the contracts through September 2016. The restructuring also resulted in approximately $4.1 million of deferred premium put options. As of September 30, 2016, all deferred premiums related to these restructured contracts have been paid. In connection with the fall 2015 semi-annual redetermination of our borrowing base, we entered into additional commodity derivative contracts resulting in total commodity derivative contracts covering at least 80% of our 2016 projected monthly production and at least 50% of our 2017 projected monthly production, calculated based on Proved Developed Producing reserves. No cash settlements were required and the contracts included deferred premiums of approximately $7.8 million that will be paid through December 2017. As of September 30, 2016, we had paid approximately $1.6 million of the deferred premiums in connection with these contract settlements. In connection with the spring 2016 semi-annual redetermination of our borrowing base, we unwound and early terminated existing hedges covering production from July 2016 through September 2016 and entered into new commodity derivative contracts which extend through June 2018. In connection with the early termination of our commodity derivative contracts, we received proceeds of approximately $5.8 million and paid related deferred premiums of approximately $1.5 million . In connection with the non-scheduled redetermination of our borrowing base and Amendment No.10 to our credit agreement executed in August 2016, we entered into new commodity derivative contracts covering at least 75% of our 2017 projected monthly production and at least 50% of our 2018 projected monthly production, calculated based on Proved Developed Producing reserves. The new contracts extend through December 2018. No cash settlements were required and the contracts included deferred premiums of approximately $0.4 million that will be paid through December 2018. The following tables summarize the gross fair value by the appropriate balance sheet classification, even when the derivative financial instruments are subject to netting arrangements and qualify for net presentation in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015: Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Net Amounts (in thousands) September 30, 2016: Assets Derivative financial instruments - current asset $ 5,032 $ (3,656 ) $ 1,376 Derivative financial instruments - long-term asset 1,599 (1,599 ) — Total $ 6,631 $ (5,255 ) $ 1,376 Liabilities Derivative financial instruments - current liability $ (899 ) $ (1,408 ) $ (2,307 ) Derivative deferred premium - current liability (5,064 ) 5,064 — Derivative financial instruments - long-term liability (2,048 ) 56 (1,992 ) Derivative deferred premium - long-term liability (1,543 ) 1,543 — Total $ (9,554 ) $ 5,255 $ (4,299 ) Net Liability $ (2,923 ) $ — $ (2,923 ) Gross Gross Amounts Net Amounts (in thousands) December 31, 2015: Assets Derivative financial instruments - current asset $ 29,973 $ (5,554 ) $ 24,419 Derivative financial instruments - long-term asset 6,077 (4,933 ) 1,144 Total $ 36,050 $ (10,487 ) $ 25,563 Liabilities Derivative financial instruments - current liability $ (514 ) $ 514 $ — Derivative deferred premium - current liability (5,040 ) 5,040 — Derivative deferred premium - long-term liability (4,933 ) 4,933 — Total $ (10,487 ) $ 10,487 $ — Net Asset $ 25,563 $ — $ 25,563 The following table presents the impact of derivative financial instruments and their location within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) Net settlements on matured derivatives $ 1,182 $ 8,383 $ 18,467 $ 15,566 Net settlements on early terminations and modifications of derivatives 5,820 — 5,820 11,069 Net change in fair value of derivatives (7,446 ) 11,388 (32,251 ) (14,091 ) Total (loss) gain on derivatives, net $ (444 ) $ 19,771 $ (7,964 ) $ 12,544 |