Supplemental oil, NGL and natural gas disclosures (unaudited) | Supplemental oil, NGL and natural gas disclosures (unaudited) a. Costs incurred in oil and natural gas property acquisition, exploration and development activities The following table presents costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas properties, with asset retirement obligations included in evaluated property acquisition costs and development costs, for the periods presented: For the years ended December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 Property acquisition costs: Evaluated $ 15,072 $ — $ 5,905 Unevaluated 2,790 — 119,923 Exploration costs 23,884 36,257 41,333 Development costs 607,790 560,919 298,942 Total costs incurred $ 649,536 $ 597,176 $ 466,103 b. Aggregate capitalized oil, NGL and natural gas costs The following table presents the aggregate capitalized costs related to oil, NGL and natural gas production activities with applicable accumulated depletion and impairment: (in thousands) December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Gross capitalized costs: Evaluated properties $ 6,752,631 $ 6,070,940 Unevaluated properties not being depleted 130,957 175,865 Total gross capitalized costs 6,883,588 6,246,805 Less accumulated depletion and impairment (4,854,017 ) (4,657,466 ) Net capitalized costs $ 2,029,571 $ 1,589,339 The following table presents a summary of the unevaluated property costs not being depleted as of December 31, 2018 , by year in which such costs were incurred: (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2015 and prior Total Unevaluated properties not being depleted $ 38,815 $ 15,076 $ 56,826 $ 20,240 $ 130,957 Unevaluated properties, which are not subject to depletion, are not individually significant and consist of costs for acquiring oil and natural gas leasehold where no evaluated reserves have been identified, including costs of wells being evaluated. The evaluation process associated with these properties has not been completed and therefore, the Company is unable to estimate when these costs will be included in the depletion calculation. c. Results of operations of oil, NGL and natural gas producing activities The following table presents the results of operations of oil, NGL and natural gas producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and interest costs): For the years ended December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 Revenues: Oil, NGL and natural gas sales $ 808,530 $ 621,507 $ 426,485 Production costs: Lease operating expenses 91,289 75,049 75,327 Production and ad valorem taxes 49,457 37,802 28,586 Transportation and marketing expenses 11,704 — — Total production costs 152,450 112,851 103,913 Other costs: Depletion 196,458 143,592 134,105 Accretion of asset retirement obligations 4,233 3,567 3,274 Impairment expense — — 161,064 Income tax expense (1) 4,554 — — Total other costs 205,245 147,159 298,443 Results of operations $ 450,835 $ 361,497 $ 24,129 _____________________________________________________________________________ (1) During each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets related to its oil, NGL and natural gas producing activities. Accordingly, the income tax expense was computed utilizing the Company's effective rate of 1% for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 0% for each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, which reflects tax deductions and tax credits and allowances relating to the oil, NGL and natural gas producing activities that are reflected in the Company's consolidated income tax expense for the period. d. Net proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves Ryder Scott Company, L.P. ("Ryder Scott"), the Company's independent reserve engineers, estimated 100% of the Company's proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . In accordance with SEC regulations, the reserves as of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 were estimated using the Realized Prices, which reflect adjustments to the Benchmark Prices for quality, transportation fees, geographical differentials, marketing bonuses or deductions and other factors affecting the price received at the wellhead . See Note 6.a for additional discussion. The Company's reserves as of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 are reported in three streams: oil, NGL and natural gas. The Company emphasizes that reserve estimates are inherently imprecise and that estimates of new discoveries are more imprecise than those of producing oil and natural gas properties. Accordingly, the estimates may change as future information becomes available. The following tables provide an analysis of the changes in estimated proved reserve quantities of oil, NGL and natural gas for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016, all of which are located within the U.S. Year ended December 31, 2018 Oil NGL (MBbl) Natural gas MBOE Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 79,413 67,371 414,592 215,883 Revisions of previous estimates (20,921 ) 11,089 72,028 2,173 Extensions, discoveries and other additions 13,330 15,112 93,762 44,069 Acquisitions of reserves in place 596 457 2,810 1,521 Divestitures of reserves in place (349 ) (123 ) (756 ) (598 ) Production (10,175 ) (7,259 ) (44,680 ) (24,881 ) End of year 61,894 86,647 537,756 238,167 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 68,877 60,441 371,946 191,309 End of year 55,893 79,241 491,828 217,105 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 10,536 6,930 42,646 24,574 End of year 6,001 7,406 45,928 21,062 Year ended December 31, 2017 Oil NGL (MBbl) Natural gas MBOE Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 63,940 50,350 316,857 167,100 Revisions of previous estimates 9,818 13,158 74,247 35,351 Extensions, discoveries and other additions 15,250 9,711 59,759 34,921 Divestitures of reserves in place (120 ) (48 ) (299 ) (218 ) Production (9,475 ) (5,800 ) (35,972 ) (21,270 ) End of year 79,413 67,371 414,592 215,883 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 53,156 42,950 270,291 141,155 End of year 68,877 60,441 371,946 191,309 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 10,784 7,400 46,566 25,945 End of year 10,536 6,930 42,646 24,574 Year ended December 31, 2016 Oil NGL Natural gas MBOE Proved developed and undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 52,639 36,067 221,952 125,698 Revisions of previous estimates 8,726 12,021 80,004 34,082 Extensions, discoveries and other additions 10,741 6,930 43,614 24,940 Acquisitions of reserves in place 276 116 822 529 Production (8,442 ) (4,784 ) (29,535 ) (18,149 ) End of year 63,940 50,350 316,857 167,100 Proved developed reserves: Beginning of year 40,944 29,349 180,613 100,395 End of year 53,156 42,950 270,291 141,155 Proved undeveloped reserves: Beginning of year 11,695 6,718 41,339 25,303 End of year 10,784 7,400 46,566 25,945 For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company's positive revision of 2,173 MBOE of previously estimated quantities consisted of (i) 11,364 MBOE of negative revisions from performance driven mainly by steeper oil decline curves and tighter well spacing, and a decrease in the Realized Price for natural gas, (ii) 7,045 MBOE of positive revisions from increases in the Realized Prices for oil and NGL and other changes to proved developed producing wells and (iii) 6,492 MBOE of positive revisions due to proved undeveloped locations that were removed from the development plan in prior years, eight of these locations were drilled in 2018 and two are scheduled to be drilled in 2019. Extensions, discoveries and other additions of 44,069 MBOE during the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of (i) 25,617 MBOE that resulted from new wells drilled during the year and (ii) 18,452 MBOE that resulted from new horizontal proved undeveloped locations added during the year. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company's positive revision of 35,351 MBOE of previously estimated quantities consisted of (i) 16,916 MBOE from positive performance, price increases and other changes to proved developed producing wells and (ii) 18,435 MBOE of revisions due to proved undeveloped locations that were removed from the development plan in prior years, 10 of these locations were drilled in 2017 and eight were scheduled to be drilled in 2018. Extensions, discoveries and other additions of 34,921 MBOE during the year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of (i) 18,985 MBOE that resulted from new wells drilled during the year and (ii) 15,936 MBOE that resulted from new horizontal proved undeveloped locations added during the year. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company's positive revision of 34,082 MBOE of previously estimated quantities is primarily attributable to the combination of positive performance, lower operating costs and other changes to proved developed producing wells. 26,049 MBOE is due to a combination of positive performance, reduction in operating costs and other factors. Previously estimated quantities of 2,292 MBOE were removed due to derecognizing certain proved undeveloped locations and proved developed non-producing targets due to changes in development and drilling plans. In addition, 10,325 MBOE of revisions is due to proved undeveloped locations that were removed from the development plan in prior years, four of these locations were drilled in 2016 and seven were scheduled to be drilled in 2017. Extensions, discoveries and other additions of 24,940 MBOE during the year ended December 31, 2016 consisted of 13,302 MBOE that resulted from new wells drilled during the year and 11,638 MBOE that resulted from new horizontal proved undeveloped locations added during the year. e. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows does not purport to be, nor should it be interpreted to present, the fair value of the oil, NGL and natural gas reserves of the property. An estimate of fair value would take into account, among other things, the recovery of reserves not presently classified as proved, the value of proved properties and consideration of expected future economic and operating conditions. The estimates of future cash flows and future production and development costs as of December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 are based on the Realized Prices, which reflect adjustments to the Benchmark Prices for quality, transportation fees, geographical differentials, marketing bonuses or deductions and other factors affecting the price received at the wellhead . All Realized Prices are held flat over the forecast period for all reserve categories in calculating the discounted future net revenues. Any effect from the Company's commodity hedges is excluded. In accordance with SEC regulations, the proved reserves were anticipated to be economically producible from the "as of date" forward based on existing economic conditions, including prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir was determined. These costs, held flat over the forecast period, include development costs, operating costs, ad valorem and production taxes and abandonment costs after salvage. Future income tax expenses are computed using the appropriate year-end statutory tax rates applied to the future pretax net cash flows from proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves, less the tax basis of the Company's oil and natural gas properties. The estimated future net cash flows are then discounted at a rate of 10% . The Company's unamortized cost of evaluated oil and natural gas properties being depleted exceeded the full cost ceiling as of March 31, 2016 , but did not record any similar impairments for the years ended December 31, 2018 or 2017 . See Note 6.a for discussion of the Benchmark Prices, Realized Prices and the 2016 full cost ceiling impairment recorded. The following table presents the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves: For the years ended December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 Future cash inflows $ 6,266,862 $ 5,777,533 $ 3,548,567 Future production costs (1,977,401 ) (1,675,837 ) (1,238,369 ) Future development costs (257,310 ) (307,689 ) (290,505 ) Future income tax expenses (226,183 ) (237,153 ) — Future net cash flows 3,805,968 3,556,854 2,019,693 10% discount for estimated timing of cash flows (1,691,731 ) (1,786,533 ) (1,041,199 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows $ 2,114,237 $ 1,770,321 $ 978,494 It is not intended that the FASB's standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows represent the fair market value of the Company's proved reserves. The Company cautions that the disclosures shown are based on estimates of proved reserve quantities and future production schedules which are inherently imprecise and subject to revision, and the 10% discount rate is arbitrary. In addition, prices and costs as of the measurement date are used in the determinations, and no value may be assigned to probable or possible reserves. The following table presents the changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves: For the years ended December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, beginning of year $ 1,770,321 $ 978,494 $ 830,747 Changes in the year resulting from: Sales, less production costs (656,080 ) (508,656 ) (322,573 ) Revisions of previous quantity estimates (179,912 ) 289,150 179,297 Extensions, discoveries and other additions 521,605 296,129 133,472 Net change in prices and production costs 365,902 474,831 (80,102 ) Changes in estimated future development costs 7,246 10,989 22,153 Previously estimated development costs incurred during the period 207,865 192,332 189,085 Acquisitions of reserves in place 11,411 — 3,422 Divestitures of reserves in place (6,015 ) (793 ) — Accretion of discount 181,693 97,849 83,075 Net change in income taxes (10,340 ) (46,610 ) — Timing differences and other (99,459 ) (13,394 ) (60,082 ) Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, end of year $ 2,114,237 $ 1,770,321 $ 978,494 Estimates of economically recoverable oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and of future net revenues are based upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, all of which are, to some degree, subjective and may vary considerably from actual results. Therefore, actual production, revenues, development and operating expenditures may not occur as estimated. The reserve data are estimates only, are subject to many uncertainties and are based on data gained from production histories |