Notes and Accounts Receivable | 9 Months Ended |
Jan. 31, 2014 |
Receivables [Abstract] | ' |
Notes and Accounts Receivable | ' |
Receivable |
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The Company provides financing to franchisees for the purchase of franchises, clusters of territories, company-owned offices, and for working capital and equipment needs. The franchise-related notes generally are payable over five years and the working capital and equipment notes generally are due within one year. Most notes bear interest at 12%. Activity related to notes receivable for the nine months ended January 31, 2014 and January 31, 2013 and for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013 was as follows: |
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| | 31-Jan-14 | | January 31, 2013 | | 30-Apr-13 | | | | |
| | (In thousands) | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 89,340 | | | $ | 79,838 | | | $ | 79,838 | | | | | |
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Notes received for: | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Sales of franchises and clusters of territories | | 3,629 | | | 4,431 | | | 6,770 | | | | | |
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Sales of certain assets to franchisees | | 9,259 | | | 11,073 | | | 15,130 | | | | | |
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Franchisee to franchisee note assumptions | | 8,453 | | | 10,303 | | | 11,259 | | | | | |
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Working capital and equipment loans to franchisees | | 62,218 | | | 60,875 | | | 75,642 | | | | | |
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Refinancing of accounts receivable | | 7,140 | | | 18,486 | | | 18,527 | | | | | |
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| | 90,699 | | | 105,168 | | | 127,328 | | | | | |
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Repayment of notes | | (7,017 | ) | | (6,515 | ) | | (95,664 | ) | | | | |
Notes canceled | | (16,864 | ) | | (18,806 | ) | | (21,981 | ) | | | | |
Foreign currency adjustment | | (487 | ) | | (127 | ) | | (181 | ) | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | 155,671 | | | 159,558 | | | 89,340 | | | | | |
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Unrecognized revenue portion of notes receivable | | (41,686 | ) | | (40,423 | ) | | (39,731 | ) | | | | |
Notes receivable less unrecognized revenue | | $ | 113,985 | | | $ | 119,135 | | | $ | 49,609 | | | | | |
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Most of the notes receivable are due from the Company's franchisees and area developers (ADs) and are collateralized by the underlying franchise and, when the franchise or area owner is an entity, is generally guaranteed by the owners of the respective entity. The debtors' ability to repay the notes is dependent upon both the performance of the tax preparation industry as a whole and the individual franchisees' or ADs' areas. |
The refinancing of accounts receivable had resulted from a franchisee electing to deliver to the Company a promissory note for past-due royalties and advertising fees that had previously been recorded as accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Effective October 1, 2013, the Company reduced the interest rate on its past due accounts receivable from 18% to 12% and ceased its practice of refinancing accounts receivable into notes receivable. This is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. |
Notes canceled are comprised of the cancellation of existing unpaid notes of selling franchisees in franchisee to franchisee sales that include the assumption of debt by the acquiring franchisee, and any unpaid notes receivable from a franchisee or AD related to specific territories or clusters of territories that the Company reacquires. In the latter transactions, the cancellation of notes is part of the consideration paid by the Company, and any excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired is written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Each quarter, the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts is assessed and additional provision for bad debt recorded as deemed necessary. |
Unrecognized revenue relates to the financed portion of franchise fees and AD fees and, in the case of sales of company-owned offices, the financed portion of gains related to these sales, in each case where revenue has not yet been recognized. For franchise fees and gains related to the sale of company-owned offices, revenue is recorded as note payments are received by the Company. Payments on AD fee notes receivable generate a corresponding increase in deferred revenue, which is amortized into revenue over the life of the AD contract, generally 10 years. |
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Accounts and notes receivable include royalties billed that relate to territories operated by franchisees located in AD territories. The Company has recorded amounts payable to ADs for their share of these receivables of $15,390,000, $14,955,000, and $18,248,000 at January 31, 2014, January 31, 2013, and April 30, 2013, respectively. |
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At January 31, 2014, the Company had unfunded lending commitments for working capital loans to franchisees and area developers of $10,392,000. |
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
Management believes that the recorded allowance is adequate based upon its consideration of the estimated value of the franchises and AD areas supporting the receivables. Any adverse change in the tax preparation industry or the individual franchisees' or ADs' areas could affect the Company's estimate of the allowance. Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 was as follows: |
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| | Three Months Ended January 31, | | Nine Months Ended January 31, |
| | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2014 | | 2013 |
| | (In thousands) |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 6,048 | | | $ | 5,844 | | | $ | 6,684 | | | $ | 5,290 | |
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Provision for doubtful accounts | | 2,456 | | | 1,317 | | | 5,886 | | | 4,581 | |
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Write-offs | | (3,039 | ) | | (1,665 | ) | | (7,067 | ) | | (4,345 | ) |
Foreign currency adjustment | | (55 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (93 | ) | | (31 | ) |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 5,410 | | | $ | 5,495 | | | $ | 5,410 | | | $ | 5,495 | |
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The allocation of the allowance for doubtful accounts between long-term and short-term as of January 31, 2014, January 31, 2013, and April 30, 2013 was as follows: |
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| | 31-Jan-14 | | January 31, 2013 | | 30-Apr-13 | | | | |
| | (In thousands) | | | | |
Short-term | | $ | 4,636 | | | $ | 4,649 | | | $ | 5,583 | | | | | |
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Long-term | | 774 | | | 846 | | | 1,101 | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 5,410 | | | $ | 5,495 | | | $ | 6,684 | | | | | |
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Management considers accounts and notes receivable to be impaired if the amounts due exceed the fair value of the underlying franchise and estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on that excess. Amounts due include contractually obligated accounts and notes receivable plus accrued interest less unrecognized revenue, reduced by the allowance for uncollected interest, amounts due ADs, related deferred revenue, and amounts owed to the franchisee by the Company. In establishing the fair value of the underlying franchise, management considers net fees of open offices earned during the most recently completed tax season and the number of unopened offices. |
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The allowance for doubtful accounts at January 31, 2014, January 31, 2013, and April 30, 2013 was allocated as follows: |
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| | 31-Jan-14 | | January 31, 2013 | | 30-Apr-13 | | | | |
| | (In thousands) | | | | |
Impaired: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Notes receivable, including interest, and less unrecognized revenue | | $ | 7,633 | | | $ | 6,351 | | | $ | 9,399 | | | | | |
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Accounts receivable | | 3,481 | | | 3,023 | | | 5,907 | | | | | |
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Less allowance for uncollected interest, amounts due ADs, related deferred revenue and amounts due franchisees | | (1,636 | ) | | (1,678 | ) | | (2,336 | ) | | | | |
Net amount due | | $ | 9,478 | | | $ | 7,696 | | | $ | 12,970 | | | | | |
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Allowance for doubtful accounts for impaired notes and accounts receivable | | $ | 4,366 | | | $ | 3,994 | | | $ | 6,120 | | | | | |
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Nonimpaired: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Notes receivable, including interest, and less unrecognized revenue | | $ | 112,233 | | | $ | 119,787 | | | $ | 42,459 | | | | | |
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Accounts receivable | | 42,776 | | | 30,659 | | | 37,650 | | | | | |
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Less allowance for uncollected interest, amounts due ADs, related deferred revenue and amounts due franchisees | | (17,994 | ) | | (17,537 | ) | | (19,992 | ) | | | | |
Net amount due | | $ | 137,015 | | | $ | 132,909 | | | $ | 60,117 | | | | | |
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Allowance for doubtful accounts for non-impaired notes and accounts receivable | | $ | 1,044 | | | $ | 1,501 | | | $ | 564 | | | | | |
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Total allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5,410 | | | $ | 5,495 | | | $ | 6,684 | | | | | |
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The Company’s average investment in impaired notes receivable during the nine months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 was $8,515,000 and $6,539,000, respectively. Interest income recognized related to performing impaired notes was $124,000 and $486,000 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2014, respectively, and $107,000 and $352,000 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2013, respectively. The Company’s investment in notes receivable on nonaccrual status at January 31, 2014, January 31, 2013, and April 30, 2013 was $6,472,000, $4,286,000, and $8,375,000, respectively. |
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Age Analysis of Past Due Receivables |
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The aging of accounts and notes receivable at January 31, 2014 was as follows: |
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| | Total | | Allowance | | Current | | Total |
Past Due | for Uncollected | Receivables |
| Interest | |
| | (In thousands) |
Accounts receivable | | $ | 18,976 | | | $ | (2,508 | ) | | $ | 27,281 | | | $ | 43,749 | |
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Notes receivable | | 7,466 | | | (994 | ) | | 112,400 | | | 118,872 | |
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Total | | $ | 26,442 | | | $ | (3,502 | ) | | $ | 139,681 | | | $ | 162,621 | |
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Accounts receivable are considered to be past due if unpaid after 30 days and notes receivable are considered past due if unpaid after 90 days, at which time the notes are put on nonaccrual status. |