Debt | 11. Debt Debt Refinancing On September 22, 2017, we completed our offering of our Senior Notes due 2025 for an aggregate principal amount of $450 million, the net proceeds of which, together with borrowings under our $2.150 billion New Term Loan Facility and proceeds from the Alkali sale, funded the redemption of the remaining outstanding balance of our Senior Notes due 2020 and repayment in full of the remaining outstanding balance of our $1.5 billion Prior Term Loan. In addition, we paid off our UBS Revolver and entered into a new asset-based revolving syndicated facility with Wells Fargo (all defined below). The refinancing of our Senior Notes due 2020 was considered a debt extinguishment in accordance with ASC 470, Debt (“ASC 470”). However, for refinancing of both the UBS Revolver and the New Term Loan Facility, a portion of each of these refinancing arrangements were considered modifications and a portion considered extinguishments in accordance with the requirements of ASC 470 as some of the original lenders in the original syndications were part of the new lender base. Short-term Debt During the third quarter of 2017, we repaid the $150 million outstanding balance under the global senior secured asset-based syndicated revolving credit facility with UBS AG (the “UBS Revolver”). Concurrent with entering into the Wells Fargo Revolver, described below, the UBS Revolver was terminated. Unamortized original debt issuance costs of $1 million relating to the UBS Revolver were included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The remaining unamortized balance of original debt issuance costs of $2 million relating to the UBS Revolver will be amortized over the life of the Wells Fargo Revolver. Wells Fargo Revolver On September 22, 2017, we entered into a new global senior secured asset-based syndicated revolving credit facility with the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as administrative agent (the “Wells Fargo Revolver”). The Wells Fargo Revolver provides us with up to $550 million of revolving credit loans, with an $85 million sublimit for letters of credit, and has a maturity date of September 22, 2022. Our availability of revolving credit loans and letters of credit is subject to a borrowing base. Borrowings bear interest at our option, at either an adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin that ranges from 1.25% to 1.75%, or a base rate, which is defined to mean the greatest of (a) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (b) the Federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (c) the adjusted LIBOR for a one-month period plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin that ranges from 0.25% to 0.75%, in each case, based on the average daily borrowing availability. At September 30, 2017, there was no outstanding revolving credit loans under the Wells Fargo Revolver, except for $19 million of issued and undrawn letters of credit under the Wells Fargo Revolver. Debt issuance costs associated with the Wells Fargo Revolver of $6 million ($2 million remaining from the UBS Revolver and $4 million incurred for the Wells Fargo Revolver) were Long-term debt, net of an unamortized discount and debt issuance costs, consisted of the following: Original Principal Annual Interest Rate Maturity Date September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Prior Term Loan, net of unamortized discount (1) $ 1,500 Variable 3/20/2020 $ — $ 1,441 New Term Loan Facility, net of unamortized discount (2) $ 2,150 Variable 9/22/2024 $ 2,136 $ — Senior Notes due 2020 900 6.375 % 8/15/2020 — 896 Senior Notes due 2022 600 7.50 % 3/15/2022 584 584 Senior Notes due 2025 450 5.75 % 9/22/2025 450 — Lease financing 17 19 Long-term debt 3,187 2,940 Less: Long-term debt due within one year (11 ) (16 ) Debt issuance costs (47 ) (36 ) Long-term debt, net $ 3,129 $ 2,888 (1) Average effective interest rate of 5.2% and 5.1% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and 4.9% each during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. (2) Average effective interest rate of 4.5% during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, the scheduled maturities of our long-term debt were as follows: Total Borrowings 2017 $ — 2018 17 2019 22 2020 22 2021 22 Thereafter 3,118 Total 3,201 Remaining accretion associated with the New Term Loans (14 ) Total borrowings $ 3,187 Prior Term Loan On April 23, 2014, we, along with our wholly owned subsidiary, Tronox Pigments (Netherlands) B.V., and certain named guarantor subsidiaries, entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Third Agreement”) with the lenders party thereto and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent. Pursuant to the Third Agreement, we obtained a $1.5 billion senior secured term loan (the “Prior Term Loan”) with a maturity date of March 19, 2020. As mentioned above, on September 22, 2017, we repaid the remaining $1.4 billion outstanding balance of the $1.5 billion Prior Term Loan and entered into the New Term Loan Facility described below. Unamortized original debt discount and issuance costs of $1 million relating to the Prior Term Loan were included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The remaining balance of unamortized original debt discount and issuance costs of $16 million relating to the Prior Term Loan will continue to be amortized over the life of the New Term Loan Facility. New Term Loan Facility On September 22, 2017, we entered into a new senior secured first lien term loan facility (the “New Term Loan Facility”) with the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, with a maturity date of September 22, 2024. The New Term Loan Facility consists of (i) a U.S. dollar term facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion (the “New Term Loans”) with our subsidiary, Tronox Finance LLC (“Tronox Finance”) as the borrower and (ii) a U.S. dollar term facility in an aggregate principal amount of $650 million (the “Blocked Term Loan”) with our unrestricted subsidiary, Tronox Blocked Borrower LLC (the “Blocked Borrower”) as the borrower, which Blocked Term Loan was funded into a blocked account. Upon consummation of the Cristal acquisition, the Blocked Borrower will merge with and into Tronox Finance, and the Blocked Term Loan will become available to Tronox Finance. If the Cristal Acquisition is terminated, the Blocked Term Loan will be repaid to the lenders of such Blocked Term Loan. The proceeds from the Blocked Term Loan were included in “Restricted cash” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017. The term loans under the New Term Loan Facility bear interest at the “Applicable Rate” defined by reference to a grid pricing matrix that relates to our first lien net leverage ratio. Based upon our first lien net leverage ratio, the Applicable Rate under the New Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2017 was 300 basis points plus LIBOR. The New Term Loan Facility was issued net of an original issue discount of $11 million. Debt issuance costs of $4 million relating to the New Term Loans were included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Debt issuance costs of $30 million associated with the New Term Loan Facility ($13 million remaining from the Prior Term Loan and $17 million incurred for the New Term Loan Facility) were recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the long-term debt as described below and will be amortized over the life of the New Term Loan Facility. Senior Notes due 2020 On September 25, 2017, we redeemed (the “Redemption”) the $896 million outstanding balance of our $900 million aggregate principal, 6.375% senior notes due 2020 issued by Tronox Finance (the “Senior Notes due 2020”). The total cash payment made in connection with the Redemption was approximately $917 million, and included accrued interest of $7 million and a call premium of $14 million (the “Call Premium”) included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt” in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we repurchased $4 million of face value of the Senior Notes due 2020 at a price of 77% of par, resulting in a net gain of approximately $1 million which was included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt” in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Senior Notes due 2020 were fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior and unsecured basis by us and certain of our subsidiaries. As a result of the Redemption, we are no longer required to present guarantor condensed consolidating financial statements starting with this Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017. In connection with the Redemption, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $22 million included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt”, of which $8 million related to unamortized debt issuance costs and $14 million related to the Call Premium. Senior Notes due 2022 We have $600 million aggregate principal amount, 7.50% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “Senior Notes due 2022”) which notes were issued pursuant to an indenture dated March 19, 2015 (the “2022 Indenture”). The Senior Notes due 2022 have not been registered under the Securities Act, and may not be offered or sold in the U.S. absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements. There were no repayments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we repurchased $16 million of face value of notes at a weighted average price of 76% of par, resulting in a net gain of approximately $3 million which was included in “Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt” in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Indenture and the Senior Notes due 2022 provide, among other things, that the Senior Notes due 2022 are senior unsecured obligations of Tronox Finance and are guaranteed on a senior and unsecured basis by us and certain of our other subsidiaries. Interest is payable on March 15 and September 15 of each year until their maturity date of March 15, 2022. The terms of the 2022 Indenture, among other things, limit, in certain circumstances, the ability of us to: incur certain additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock; make certain dividends, distributions, investments and other restricted payments; sell certain assets; incur liens; agree to any restrictions on the ability of certain subsidiaries to make payments to us; consolidate or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of our assets to, another person; enter into transactions with affiliates; and enter into new lines of business. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes due 2022 of $8 million and $10 million, respectively, were recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the long-term debt as described below. Senior Notes due 2025 On September 22, 2017, our wholly-owned subsidiary Tronox Finance plc, issued 5.75% senior notes due 2025 for an aggregate principal amount of $450 million (the “Senior Notes due 2025”), which notes were issued under an indenture dated September 22, 2017 (the “2025 Indenture”). The 2025 Indenture and the Senior Notes due 2025 provide, among other things, that the Senior Notes due 2025 are senior unsecured obligations of Tronox Finance plc and are guaranteed on a senior and unsecured basis by us and certain of our other subsidiaries. The Senior Notes due 2025 have not been registered under the Securities Act, and may not be offered or sold in the U.S. absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements. Interest is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year beginning on April 1, 2018 until their maturity date of October 1, 2025. The terms of the 2025 Indenture, among other things, limit, in certain circumstances, the ability of us and certain of our subsidiaries to: incur secured indebtedness, engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and merge, consolidate or sell substantially all of our assets. The terms of the 2025 Indenture also include certain limitations on our non-guarantor subsidiaries incurring indebtedness. Debt issuance costs of $9 million relating to the Senior Notes due 2025 were recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the long-term debt as described below Liquidity and Capital Resources As of September 30, 2017, we had $238 million available under the $550 million Wells Fargo Revolver and $1.1 billion in cash and cash equivalents. In addition, restricted cash as of September 30, 2017 included the $650 million proceeds from the Blocked Term Loan discussed above. Lease Financing We have capital lease obligations in South Africa, which are payable through 2031 at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 14%. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, assets recorded under capital lease obligations were $21 million and $7 million, respectively. Related accumulated amortization was $7 million and $6 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we made principal payments of less than $1 million. Fair Value Our debt is recorded at historical amounts. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the New Term Loan Facility was $2.2 billion. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the Senior Notes due 2022 was $616 million and $544 million, respectively. At September 30, 2017 the fair value of our Senior Notes due 2025 was $461 million. We determined the fair value of the New Term Loan Facility, the Senior Notes due 2022 and the Senior Notes due 2025 using quoted market prices. The fair value hierarchy for the New Term Loan Facility, the Senior Notes due 2022 and the Senior Notes due 2025 is a Level 1 input. Balances outstanding under our Wells Fargo Revolver are carried at contracted amounts, which approximate fair value based on the short term nature of the borrowing and the variable interest rate. The fair value hierarchy for our Wells Fargo Revolver is a Level 2 input. Debt Covenants At September 30, 2017, we had no financial covenants in the Wells Fargo Revolver and the New Term Loan Facility. We were in compliance with all our reporting covenants as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Interest and Debt Expense, Net Interest and debt expense, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations consisted of the following: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Interest on Prior Term Loan $ 16 $ 17 $ 49 $ 50 Interest on New Term Loan Facility 2 — 2 — Interest on Senior Notes due 2020 13 14 41 43 Interest on Senior Notes due 2022 11 11 33 33 Interest on Senior Notes due 2025 1 — 1 — Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and discounts on debt 3 3 9 8 Other 2 1 7 6 Capitalized interest (1 ) — (2 ) (2 ) Total interest and debt expense, net $ 47 $ 46 $ 140 $ 138 In connection with obtaining debt, we incurred debt issuance costs, which are being amortized through the respective maturity dates using the effective interest method. At September 30, 2017, we had deferred debt issuance costs of $6 million related to the Wells Fargo Revolver which is recorded in “Other long-term assets” in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At September 30, 2017, we had $30 million and $9 million of debt discount and issuance costs related to the New Term Loan Facility and the Senior Notes due 2025, respectively, which was recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the long term debt in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $8 million and $10 million, respectively, of debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes 2022, which were recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the long term debt in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |