Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP). The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Sight Sciences UK, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting period. The most significant estimates related to inventory excess and obsolescence, the selection of useful lives of property and equipment, determination of the fair value of stock option grants, the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants, and provisions for income taxes and contingencies. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, and makes adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock, short-term and long-term debt and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability. The Company states accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued and other current liabilities at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment. The carrying amount of the Company’s short-term debt approximates its fair value as the effective interest rate approximates market rates currently available to the Company. The redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability associated with the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock was carried at fair value based on unobservable market inputs. The carrying value of the warrants continued to be adjusted until the completion of the IPO, which occurred in July 2021. At that time, the preferred stock warrant liability was adjusted to fair value and reclassified to additional paid-in capital. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with a high-quality financial institution. Deposits at this institution may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that this financial institution is financially sound and, accordingly, that minimal credit risk exists. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. The Company relies on third-party contract manufacturers for the manufacture of all of our commercial products currently available for sale. Disruption in production would have a negative impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no customers that represented 10 % or more of the Company's revenue. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs, consisting of legal, accounting and other fees and costs relating to the Company’s IPO, were deferred until completion of the IPO. As of December 31, 2020, deferred offering costs of $ 0.4 million were capitalized and are included in “Other noncurrent assets”. In July 2021, upon closing of the IPO, total deferred costs of $ 4.5 million were offset against the Company's IPO proceeds in additional paid in capital. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximate fair value. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, cash consists primarily of checking and savings deposits. The Company’s cash balances exceed those that are federally insured. To date, the Company has not recognized any losses caused by uninsured balances. Accounts Receivable and Provision for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are stated at invoiced amounts, net of estimated provisions for doubtful accounts. The majority of customers are not extended credit and, therefore, time to maturity for receivables is short. The Company makes estimates of the collectability of customer accounts and provisions based primarily on analysis of historical trends and experience and changes in customers’ financial condition. The Company uses its judgment, based on the best available facts and circumstances, and records a provision against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount that is expected to be collected. These specific provisions are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information is received that impacts the amount reserved. To date, the Company has not experienced material credit-related losses. The provision for doubtful accounts was $ 0.6 million and $ 0.3 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Inventory Inventory represents finished goods purchased from a third-party manufacturer and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using actual costs on a first-in, first-out basis for all inventory. Net realizable value is determined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities in consideration of actual loss experiences, projected future demand, and remaining shelf life to record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory when appropriate. The Company’s policy is to write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected lower of cost or net realizable value, and inventory in excess of expected requirements. The estimate of excess quantities is judgmental and primarily dependent on the Company’s estimates of future demand for the particular product. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, typically two to five years . When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized. Construction-in-process assets consist primarily of tools and equipment that have not yet been placed in service. These assets are stated at cost and are not depreciated. Once the assets are placed into service, assets are reclassified to the appropriate asset class based on their nature and depreciated in accordance with the useful lives above. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses long-lived assets, including property and equipment, whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If indicators of impairment exist, an impairment loss may be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition are less than their carrying amount. Impairment, if any, is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived assets exceeds their fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values, and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. The Company did no t record any impairment of long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Leases Contractual arrangements that meet the definition of a lease are classified as operating or finance leases and are recorded on the balance sheets as both a right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”). Lease ROU assets and lease obligations are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company currently does not have any finance leases. Operating lease ROU assets are adjusted for (i) payments made at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs incurred, and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. As the implicit rates for the operating leases are not determinable, the Company uses an IBR based on the information available at the respective lease commencement dates to determine the present value of future payments. IBR represents the interest rate that the Company would expect to incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, in an economic environment where the leased asset is located. The Company considers a lease term to be the noncancelable period that it has the right to use the underlying asset, including any periods where it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise any option to extend the contract. Lease costs for minimum lease payments for operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are recognized as lease costs when incurred. In measuring the ROU assets and lease liabilities, the Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases, if any, having initial terms of 12 months or less at lease commencement as an accounting policy election, and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for these types of leases. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants were classified as liabilities as the underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock was considered contingently redeemable and the Company was obligated to transfer assets to the holders upon occurrence of a deemed liquidation event. The warrants were recorded at fair value upon issuance and subject to remeasurement to fair value at each balance sheet date, with changes in fair value recognized as other expense in the statements of operations. The warrants liability was recorded as other noncurrent liabilities in the balance sheets. The Company continued to adjust the warrant liability for changes in fair value until the conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock. At the time of conversion, the liability associated with the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants was converted into warrants to purchase common stock and reclassified to additional paid-in capital. As a result of the conversion in the current year, the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability was settled and will no longer be subject to remeasurement. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock The Company recorded its redeemable convertible preferred stock at fair value on the dates of issuance, net of issuance costs. A redemption event will be deemed to have occurred upon the liquidation or winding-up of the Company, a greater than 50% change in control, or sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company. In the event of a change of control of the Company, proceeds received from the sale of such shares will be distributed in accordance with the liquidation preferences set forth in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, unless the holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock otherwise agree or have converted their shares into shares of common stock. Therefore, redeemable convertible preferred stock was classified outside of stockholders’ equity in the balance sheets, as events triggering the liquidation preferences are not solely within the Company’s control. During the current year, the holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock agreed to have their shares converted into shares of common stock. At the time of conversion, the balances were reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital. Common Stock Warrant The Company’s common stock warrant is classified in equity as it meets all criteria for equity classification. The fair value of the common stock warrant was calculated using the BackSolve Method and is recorded at fair value upon issuance in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets. The common stock warrant is not remeasured after the issuance date. Revenue Recognition The Company applies the following five steps in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its arrangements: • Identify the contract with a customer, • Identify the performance obligations in the contract, • Determine the transaction price, • Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract, and • Recognize revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 relates entirely to the sale of the Company’s products within the Surgical Glaucoma and Dry Eye segments. These sales are primarily to hospitals, medical centers, and ECPs throughout the United States through sales representatives and distributors. The Company’s revenue arrangements consist of a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the promised goods transfer to the Company’s customers. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for the transfer of goods. The amount of revenue that is recognized is based on the transaction price, which represented the invoiced amounts and includes estimates of variable consideration, such as discounted, where applicable. The Company does not offer right of return, except in the case where items are defective as manufactured, and the company does not typically provide customers with a right to a refund. The amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur in a future period. Payment terms, typically 30 days, are offered to customers and do not include a significant financing component. The Company extends credit to customers based upon their financial condition and credit history and generally require no collateral. The Company does not have any contract balances related to product sales. Shipping and handling costs incurred for the delivery of goods to customers are included in cost of goods sold. In cases where the Company bills shipping and handling cost to customers, the Company classifies those amounts in net revenue. As a practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts, such as sales commissions, as an expense when incurred since the amortization period of the asset we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Sales commissions are recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses in the statements of operations. Cost of Goods Sold The Company purchases its products from third-party manufacturers. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs related to materials, manufacturing overhead costs, reserves for excess, and obsolete and non-sellable inventories. Cost of goods sold also includes depreciation expense for production equipment and certain direct costs, such as shipping and handling costs. Research and Development The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of product development, clinical studies to develop and support the Company’s products, regulatory expenses, medical affairs, and other costs associated with products and technologies that are in development. Research and development expenses include employee compensation, including stock-based compensation, supplies, consulting, prototyping, testing, materials, travel expenses, depreciation, and an allocation of facility overhead expenses. Selling, General and Administrative Selling, general and administrative expenses include compensation, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation for executive management, finance administration, and human resources; facility costs (including rent); bad debt costs; professional service fees; and other general overhead costs, including depreciation to support the Company’s operations. Advertising Expense The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses for fiscal years 2021 and 2020 were $ 2.1 million and $ 0.8 million, respectively, included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Accounting for Payroll Protection Program In March 2020, Congress established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) to provide relief to small businesses during COVID-19 as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. The legislation authorized the U.S. Treasury to use the Small Business Association’s (“SBA’s”) small business lending program to fund forgivable loans that qualifying businesses could spend to cover payroll, mortgage interest, rent, and utilities during the “Covered Period” defined as the 8-week period starting on the date the PPP loan proceeds are received. Upon meeting certain criteria as specified in the PPP program, the loans are eligible for partial or total forgiveness. In May 2020, the Company applied for and received a PPP loan for the amount $ 2.2 million from SBA. The PPP loan was fully forgiven in June 2021. U.S. GAAP does not contain authoritative accounting standards for forgivable loans provided by governmental entities to a for-profit entity. Absent authoritative accounting standards, interpretative guidance issued and commonly applied by financial statement preparers allows for the selection of accounting policies amongst acceptable alternatives. The Company determined it most appropriate to account for the PPP loan proceeds as an in-substance government grant by analogy to International Accounting Standards 20 (“IAS 20”) Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance . Under this guidance, a forgivable loan from government is treated as a government grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the terms for forgiveness of the loan. While IAS 20 does not define “reasonable assurance”, this concept in practice is analogous to “probable” as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 450-20-20 under U.S. GAAP, which is the definition the Company has applied to its expectations of PPP loan forgiveness. Under IAS 20, government grants are recognized in earnings on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognizes costs for which the grant is intended to compensate (i.e. qualified expenses). Further, IAS 20 permits for the recognition in earnings either separately under a general heading such as other income, or as a reduction of the related expenses. The Company has elected to recognize this government grant income as a reduction of the related expenses, and recognized $ 0.1 million, $ 0.3 million and $ 1.8 million as a reduction of cost of revenue, research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2020. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures and records the expense related to stock-based payment awards based on the fair value of those awards as determined on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grant, generally equal to the vesting period and uses the straight- line method to recognize stock-based compensation, and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company selected the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option-pricing model as the method for determining the estimated fair value for stock options. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, which determine the fair value of share-based awards, including the option’s expected term, expected volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. Currency Remeasurement Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other expense, net in the Company’s statements of operations and such amounts have not been material for all periods presented. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Management makes an assessment of the likelihood that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all off a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Due to the Company's historical operating performance and the recorded cumulative net losses in prior fiscal periods, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The Company recognizes uncertain income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which judgment occurs. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income tax as a component of provision for income taxes. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders’ deficit except those resulting from distributions to stockholders. There have been no items qualifying as other comprehensive income (loss) and, therefore, for all periods presented, there was no difference between comprehensive loss and the Company’s reported net loss. Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers all series of its redeemable convertible preferred stock and restricted stock awards to be participating securities as the holders are entitled to receive dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock or restricted stock awards as the holders of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock and restricted stock awards do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. The Company’s potentially dilutive shares, which consist of outstanding common stock options, restricted stock awards, common stock warrants, redeemable convertible preferred stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants were excluded in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the period as the result would be anti-dilutive. Emerging growth company and smaller reporting company The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as well as a "smaller reporting company, as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission per Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. As such the Company is eligible for exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including reduced reporting and extended transition periods to comply with new or revised accounting standards for public business entities. The Company has elected to avail themselves of this exemption and, therefore, will not be subject to the timeline for adopting new or revised accounting standards for public business entities that are not emerging growth companies, and will follow the transition guidance applicable to private companies. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables and available-for-sale debt securities. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2023. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance and does not expect to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes , that simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation and modified the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period. It also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The guidance is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of this new guidance and does not expect it to have material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting . The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance also establishes (1) a general contract modification principle that entities can apply in other areas that may be affected by reference rate reform and (2) certain elective hedge accounting expedients. The amendment is effective for all entities through December 31, 2022. LIBOR is used to calculate the interest on borrowings under the Company’s term loan and revolving line of credit with MidCap Financial Services. The Company is evaluating the effect of this new guidance and does not expect it to have material impact on the Company’s financial statements. |