Phio Pharmaceuticals (PHIO) 10-Q 14 Aug 18 2018 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Aug. 10, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Trading Symbol	RXII
Entity Registrant Name	RXi Pharmaceuticals Corp
Entity Central Index Key	1,533,040
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		4,361,322

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,315,000	$ 3,581,000
Restricted cash	50,000	50,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	459,000	201,000
Total current assets	5,824,000	3,832,000
Property and equipment, net	207,000	248,000
Other assets	0	18,000
Total assets	6,031,000	4,098,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	542,000	511,000
Accrued expenses	2,217,000	1,754,000
Total current liabilities	2,759,000	2,265,000
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 4,360,566 and 2,429,993 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	85,963,000	80,384,000
Accumulated deficit	(82,691,000)	(78,551,000)
Total stockholders' equity	3,272,000	1,833,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 6,031,000	$ 4,098,000

Condensed Consolidated Balance3

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	4,360,566	2,429,993
Common stock, shares outstanding	4,360,566	2,429,993

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 58	$ 0	$ 81	$ 0
Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,183	1,329	2,544	2,676
Acquired in-process research and development	0	85	0	4,696
General and administrative	774	1,100	1,675	2,223
Total operating expenses	1,957	2,514	4,219	9,595
Operating loss	(1,899)	(2,514)	(4,138)	(9,595)
Total other expense, net	(2)	0	(2)	0
Loss before income taxes	(1,901)	(2,514)	(4,140)	(9,595)
Income tax benefit	0	0	0	1,621
Net loss	$ (1,901)	$ (2,514)	$ (4,140)	$ (7,974)
Net loss per share: Basic and diluted	$ (0.46)	$ (1.12)	$ (1.25)	$ (3.71)
Weighted average shares: basic and diluted	4,102,423	2,238,836	3,302,885	2,148,477

Condensed Consolidated Stateme5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (4,140)	$ (7,974)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	41	27
Non-cash stock-based compensation	78	233
Acquired in-process research and development	0	4,696
Deferred taxes	0	(1,621)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(240)	(187)
Accounts payable	31	(378)
Accrued expenses	463	88
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,767)	(5,116)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash acquired in MirImmune Inc. acquisition	0	100
Cash paid for purchase of property and equipment	0	(188)
Net cash provided by investing activities	0	(88)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants	5,501	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,501	0
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,734	(5,204)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period	3,631	12,956
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period	5,365	7,752
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Cancellation of notes receivable	0	150
Accounts payable assumed	0	5
Fair value of securities issued	0	2,824
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversions of convertible preferred stock into common stock	0	3,525
Series C Preferred Stock [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversions of convertible preferred stock into common stock	$ 0	$ 816

1. Nature of Operations

1. Nature of Operations	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Nature of Operations	1. Nature of Operations RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation (“ RXi we our Company sd-rxRNA ® Prior to RXi’s acquisition of MirImmune Inc. in January 2017, the Company’s principal activities consisted of the preclinical and clinical development of the Company’s sd-rxRNA compounds and topical immunotherapy agent in the areas of dermatology and ophthalmology. In January 2018, after a thorough review of its business operations, development programs and financial resources, the Company made a strategic decision to focus solely on immuno-oncology to accelerate growth and support a potential return on investment for its stockholders. The Company’s business strategy focuses on the development of immuno-oncology therapeutics utilizing our proprietary sd-rxRNA technology. The Company intends to seek a partner and/or out-licensee for each of ts dermatology and ophthalmology franchises, including RXI-109 and Samcyprone™, to continue their development. The goal of any such transaction would be to allow the Company to monetize these preclinical and clinical assets to further fund ongoing and future development work in our immuno-oncology programs and extend our financial runway. On January 3, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding common stock, which was effected on January 8, 2018. All share and per share amounts in the financial statements have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to the reverse stock split, including reclassifying an amount equal to the reduction in par value to additional paid-in capital.

2. Liquidity and Going Concern

2. Liquidity and Going Concern	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Liquidity and Going Concern	2. Liquidity and Going Concern The Company has limited cash resources and has expended substantial funds on the research and development of the Company’s product candidates and funding general operations. As a result, the Company has reported recurring losses from operations since inception and expects that the Company will continue to have negative cash flows from its operations for the foreseeable future. Historically, the Company’s primary source of financing has been the sale of its securities. The Company’s ability to continue to fund its operations is dependent on the amount of cash on hand and its ability to raise additional capital through, but not limited to, equity or debt offerings or strategic opportunities. This is dependent on a number of factors, including the market demand or liquidity of the Company’s common stock. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing these plans. The funds available under the Company’s purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“ LPC

3. Significant Accounting Polic

3. Significant Accounting Policies	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	3. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“ GAAP Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, MirImmune, LLC. All material intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Uses of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in certificates of deposit. Restricted cash consists of certificates of deposit held by financial institutions as collateral for the Company’s corporate credit cards. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs relate to salaries, employee benefits, facility-related expenses, supplies, stock-based compensation related to employees and non-employees involved in the Company’s research and development, external services, other operating costs and overhead related to its research and development departments, costs to acquire technology licenses and expenses associated with preclinical activities and its clinical trials. Research and development expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Payments made by the Company in advance for research and development services not yet provided and/or for materials not yet received are recorded as prepaid expenses and expensed when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received. Accrued liabilities are recorded related to those expenses for which vendors have not yet billed the Company with respect to services provided and/or materials that it has received. Preclinical and clinical trial expenses relate to estimates of costs incurred and fees connected with clinical trial sites, third-party clinical research organizations and other preclinical and clinical related activities and include such items as subject-related fees, laboratory work, investigator fees and analysis costs. Costs associated with these expenses are generally payable on the passage of time or when certain milestones are achieved. Expense is recorded during the period incurred or in the period in which a milestone is achieved. In order to ensure that the Company has adequately provided for preclinical and clinical expenses during the proper period, the Company maintains an accrual to cover these expenses. These accruals are assessed on a quarterly basis and are based on such assumptions as expected total cost, the length of the study, timing of certain milestones and other information available to us. Actual results may differ from these estimates and could have a material impact on the Company’s reported results. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from its actual costs. Stock-based Compensation The Company follows the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“ FASB ASC Compensation — Stock Compensation ASC 718 Income Taxes The Company recognizes assets or liabilities for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Comprehensive Loss The Company’s comprehensive loss is equal to its net loss for all periods presented. Net Loss per Share The Company accounts for and discloses net loss per share in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 260, “ Earnings per Share”.

4. Recent Accounting Pronouncem

4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Principal Versus Agent Considerations,” Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedient In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “ Leases (Topic 842) In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “ Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting

5. Stockholders' Equity

5. Stockholders' Equity	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	5. Stockholders’ Equity Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC – LPC Purchase Agreement During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company sold 150,000 shares of common stock to LPC for net proceeds of approximately $359,000. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company sold 420,000 shares of common stock to LPC for net proceeds of approximately $1,291,000. April 2018 Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement Offering Warrants Private Placement Placement Agent Warrants The Company assessed the Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants under the FASB ASC Topic 480, “ Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ASC 480 Derivatives and Hedging ASC 815 Warrants — Exercise price Number of Shares Expiration $ 52.00 130,007 June 2, 2020 $ 9.00 1,277,793 December 21, 2021 $ 3.15 1,132,953 May 31, 2023 $ 4.0546 75,530 April 9, 2023 Total warrants outstanding 2,616,283

6. Net Loss per Share

6. Net Loss per Share	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss per Share	6. Net Loss per Share The following table sets forth the potential common shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive: June 30, 2018 2017 Options to purchase common stock 53,180 67,745 Warrants to purchase common stock 2,616,283 1,407,800 Total 2,669,463 1,475,545

7. Stock-based Compensation

7. Stock-based Compensation	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation	7. Stock-based Compensation The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of all its option grants. For valuing options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the following assumptions were used: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Risk-free interest rate 2.93 % 1.73 – 2.25 % 2.70 – 2.93 % 1.73 – 2.49 % Expected volatility 95.77 % 82.99 – 115.18 % 91.28 – 95.77 % 82.99 – 123.01 % Weighted average expected volatility 95.77 % 85.51 % 92.84 % 84.63 % Expected lives (in years) 5.50 5.20 – 10.00 5.50 – 10.00 5.20 – 10.0 0 Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % The weighted average fair value of options granted during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.72 and $4.70, respectively. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.80 and $4.90, respectively. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant is based upon the yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities with a term similar to the expected life of the related option. The Company’s expected stock price volatility assumption is based upon the Company’s own implied volatility. The expected life assumption for option grants is based upon the simplified method provided for under ASC 718. The dividend yield assumption is based upon the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has no intention of paying cash dividends. The following table summarizes the activity of Company’s stock option plan for the six months ended June 30, 2018: Total Number Weighted- Aggregate Balance at December 31, 2017 50,180 $ 192.30 Granted 3,000 3.32 Exercised – – Cancelled – – Balance at June 30, 2018 53,180 $ 181.63 $ – Exercisable at June 30, 2018 37,881 $ 250.86 $ – The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows, in thousands: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Research and development $ 11 $ 40 $ 20 $ 73 General and administrative 26 79 58 160 Total stock-based compensation $ 37 $ 119 $ 78 $ 233

3. Significant Accounting Pol13

3. Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“ GAAP
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, MirImmune, LLC. All material intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
Uses of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements	Uses of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in certificates of deposit. Restricted cash consists of certificates of deposit held by financial institutions as collateral for the Company’s corporate credit cards.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs relate to salaries, employee benefits, facility-related expenses, supplies, stock-based compensation related to employees and non-employees involved in the Company’s research and development, external services, other operating costs and overhead related to its research and development departments, costs to acquire technology licenses and expenses associated with preclinical activities and its clinical trials. Research and development expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Payments made by the Company in advance for research and development services not yet provided and/or for materials not yet received are recorded as prepaid expenses and expensed when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received. Accrued liabilities are recorded related to those expenses for which vendors have not yet billed the Company with respect to services provided and/or materials that it has received. Preclinical and clinical trial expenses relate to estimates of costs incurred and fees connected with clinical trial sites, third-party clinical research organizations and other preclinical and clinical related activities and include such items as subject-related fees, laboratory work, investigator fees and analysis costs. Costs associated with these expenses are generally payable on the passage of time or when certain milestones are achieved. Expense is recorded during the period incurred or in the period in which a milestone is achieved. In order to ensure that the Company has adequately provided for preclinical and clinical expenses during the proper period, the Company maintains an accrual to cover these expenses. These accruals are assessed on a quarterly basis and are based on such assumptions as expected total cost, the length of the study, timing of certain milestones and other information available to us. Actual results may differ from these estimates and could have a material impact on the Company’s reported results. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from its actual costs.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation The Company follows the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“ FASB ASC Compensation — Stock Compensation ASC 718
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company recognizes assets or liabilities for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss The Company’s comprehensive loss is equal to its net loss for all periods presented.
Net Loss per Share	Net Loss per Share The Company accounts for and discloses net loss per share in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 260, “ Earnings per Share”.

5. Stockholders' Equity (Tables

5. Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Equity [Abstract]
Summary of outstanding warrants	Exercise price Number of Shares Expiration $ 52.00 130,007 June 2, 2020 $ 9.00 1,277,793 December 21, 2021 $ 3.15 1,132,953 May 31, 2023 $ 4.0546 75,530 April 9, 2023 Total warrants outstanding 2,616,283

6. Net Loss per Share (Tables)

6. Net Loss per Share (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of antidilutive stock	June 30, 2018 2017 Options to purchase common stock 53,180 67,745 Warrants to purchase common stock 2,616,283 1,407,800 Total 2,669,463 1,475,545

7. Stock-based Compensation (Ta

7. Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Option Grants	For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Risk-free interest rate 2.93 % 1.73 – 2.25 % 2.70 – 2.93 % 1.73 – 2.49 % Expected volatility 95.77 % 82.99 – 115.18 % 91.28 – 95.77 % 82.99 – 123.01 % Weighted average expected volatility 95.77 % 85.51 % 92.84 % 84.63 % Expected lives (in years) 5.50 5.20 – 10.00 5.50 – 10.00 5.20 – 10.0 0 Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %
Summary of Stock Option Activity	Total Number Weighted- Aggregate Balance at December 31, 2017 50,180 $ 192.30 Granted 3,000 3.32 Exercised – – Cancelled – – Balance at June 30, 2018 53,180 $ 181.63 $ – Exercisable at June 30, 2018 37,881 $ 250.86 $ –
Details of Stock-based Compensation Expense Recorded	Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Research and development $ 11 $ 40 $ 20 $ 73 General and administrative 26 79 58 160 Total stock-based compensation $ 37 $ 119 $ 78 $ 233

1. Nature of Operations (Detail

1. Nature of Operations (Details Narrative)	Jan. 03, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Stock split description	Company approved a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding common stock, which was effected on January 8, 2018.
Reverse stock split ratio	.001

5. Stockholders' Equity (Detail

5. Stockholders' Equity (Details - Warrants outstanding) - Warrants [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018$ / sharesshares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	2,616,283
$52.00 [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 52
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	130,007
Warrant expiration date	Jun. 2, 2020
$9.00 [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 9
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	1,277,793
Warrant expiration date	Dec. 21, 2021
$3.15 [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 3.15
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	1,132,953
Warrant expiration date	May 31, 2023
$4.0546 [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 4.0546
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	75,530
Warrant expiration date	Apr. 9, 2023

5. Stockholders' Equity (Deta19

5. Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Apr. 11, 2018
Proceeds from the sale of equity		$ 5,501,000	$ 0
LPC Purchase Agreement [Member]
Stock issued during period, shares	150,000	420,000
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock	$ 359,000	$ 1,291,000
April 2018 Direct Offering [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Stock issued during period, shares		1,510,604
Stock price per share				$ 3.15
April 2018 Private Placement [Member] | Warrants [Member]
Stock price per share				$ 0.125
Warrants issued				1,132,953
Warrant exercise price				$ 3.15
April 2018 Offering and Private Placement [Member]
Proceeds from the sale of equity		$ 4,210,000
April 2018 Offering and Private Placement [Member] | H.C. Wainwright [Member]
Warrants issued				75,530
Warrant exercise price				$ 4.0546

6. Net Loss per Share (Details

6. Net Loss per Share (Details - Antidilutive shares) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total amount of anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	2,669,463	1,475,554
Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total amount of anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	53,180	67,745
Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total amount of anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	2,616,283	1,407,800

7. Stock-based Compensation (De

7. Stock-based Compensation (Details - Assumptions)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate, Minimum		1.73%	2.70%	1.73%
Risk-free interest rate, Maximum		2.25%	2.93%	2.49%
Risk-free interest rate	2.93%
Expected volatility, Minimum		82.99%	91.28%	82.99%
Expected volatility, Maximum		115.18%	95.77%	123.01%
Expected volatility	95.77%
Weighted average expected volatility	95.77%	85.51%	92.84%	84.63%
Expected lives (in years)	5 years 6 months
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected lives (in years)		5 years 2 months 12 days	5 years 6 months	5 years 2 months 12 days
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected lives (in years)		10 years	10 years	10 years

7. Stock-based Compensation (22

7. Stock-based Compensation (Details - Option activity) - Options [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Number of Options
Total Number of Shares, Beginning Balance | shares	50,180
Total Number of Shares, Granted | shares	3,000
Total Number of Shares, Exercised | shares	0
Total Number of Shares, Cancelled | shares	0
Total Number of Shares, Ending Balance | shares	53,180
Total Number of Shares, Exercisable | shares	37,881
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 192.30
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted | $ / shares	3.32
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised | $ / shares
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Cancelled | $ / shares
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Ending Balance | $ / shares	181.63
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercisable | $ / shares	$ 250.86
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending Balance | $	$ 0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable | $	$ 0

7. Stock-based Compensation (23

7. Stock-based Compensation (Details - Share-based compensation) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 37	$ 119	$ 78	$ 233
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	11	40	20	73
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 26	$ 79	$ 58	$ 160

7. Stock-based Compensation (24

7. Stock-based Compensation (Details Narrative) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Weighted average grant date fair value per share of options granted	$ 1.72	$ 4.70	$ 2.80	$ 4.90