operations or financial condition of such party and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole (provided,however, that none of the following, either individually or in the aggregate, shall be deemed to constitute or be taken into account when determining whether a Material Adverse Effect has occurred or would reasonably be likely to occur: (i) changes, after the date hereof, in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), (ii) changes, after the date hereof, in Laws of general applicability to companies in the industries in which such party and its Subsidiaries operate, or interpretations thereof by courts or other Governmental Entities, (iii) changes, after the date hereof, in global, national or regional political conditions (including acts of war (whether or not declared), civil disobedience, hostilities, terrorism, military actions or the escalation or worsening of any of the foregoing) or in economic conditions or financial markets (including securities, capital, equity, credit and debt markets) conditions in the United States or elsewhere in the world, (iv) a decline, in and of itself, in the trading price or trading volume of a party’s common stock, a credit ratings downgrade or change in ratings outlook, in and of itself, for a party or any of its Subsidiaries or the failure, in and of itself, to meet analyst earnings projections, earnings guidance or internal financial forecasts, but, in each case, not including the underlying causes thereof, (v) except for purposes ofSection 3.3, changes, after the date hereof, arising out of, or resulting from, the execution and delivery of this Agreement, public disclosure of the execution and delivery of this Agreement, or public disclosure or consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, (vi) changes or developments in the financial services industry generally, (vii) any changes or developments resulting from any hurricane, flood, tornado, earthquake or other weather or natural disaster, (viii) any changes, effects or developments arising out of, or resulting from or in connection with, the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union or (ix) actions or omissions taken (or, in the case of omissions, not taken) pursuant to the written consent of or at the written request of, or actions not taken as a result of not receiving a consent required hereunder from, Parent, in the case of the Company, or the Company, in the case of Parent; except, with respect to subclauses (i), (ii), (iii), (vi) or (vii), to the extent that the effects of such change are materially disproportionately adverse to the business, results of operations or financial condition of such party and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as compared to other companies in the industry in which such party and its Subsidiaries operate). As used in this Agreement, the word “Subsidiary,” when used with respect to any party or person, means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of which at least a majority of the securities or ownership interests having by their terms ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such party or by one or more of its Subsidiaries. True, correct and complete copies of the certificate of incorporation of the Company, as amended to the date hereof (the “Company Charter”), and the bylaws of the Company, as amended to the date hereof (the “Company Bylaws”), each as in effect as of the date of this Agreement, have previously been made available by the Company to Parent.
(b) Each Subsidiary of the Company (a “Company Subsidiary”) (i) is duly organized, validly existing and, to the extent such concept is recognized under applicable Law, in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, except where the failure to be so organized or existing or, if applicable, in good standing would not reasonably be likely to be, either individually or in the aggregate, material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii) is duly licensed or qualified to do business and, where such concept is recognized under applicable Law, in active status and good standing in all jurisdictions (whether federal,
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