Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) | 50% - 60% >60% - 70% >70% - 80% >80% and above Total 2022 $ 151 $ 101 $ 59 $ — $ — $ 311 2021 247 314 206 10 — 777 2020 115 244 34 10 — 403 2019 194 173 65 — — 432 2018 161 46 3 — — 210 2017 648 203 4 — — 855 2016 and prior 2,014 390 23 — — 2,427 Total $ 3,530 $ 1,471 $ 394 $ 20 $ — $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 Loan-to-Value Ratios Year of Origination 0% - 50% >50% - 60% >60% - 70% >70% - 80% >80% and above Total 2021 $ 269 $ 315 $ 201 $ — $ — $ 785 2020 140 240 77 — — 457 2019 201 192 69 — — 462 2018 169 50 2 — — 221 2017 656 214 4 — — 874 2016 and prior 2,220 584 24 — — 2,828 Total $ 3,655 $ 1,595 $ 377 $ — $ — $ 5,627 The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and DSC ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 Debt Service Coverage Ratios Year of Origination >1.5x >1.25x - 1.5x >1.0x - 1.25x <1.0x Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans Total 2022 $ 311 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 311 2021 650 26 36 65 — 777 2020 310 36 33 24 — 403 2019 254 13 106 59 — 432 2018 127 7 53 23 — 210 2017 495 61 114 185 — 855 2016 and prior 1,829 311 193 94 — 2,427 Total $ 3,976 $ 454 $ 535 $ 450 $ — $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 Debt Service Coverage Ratios Year of Origination >1.5x >1.25x - 1.5x >1.0x - 1.25x <1.0x Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans Total 2021 $ 652 $ 27 $ 38 $ 68 $ — $ 785 2020 396 21 34 6 — 457 2019 278 49 108 27 — 462 2018 131 5 54 31 — 221 2017 414 156 111 193 — 874 2016 and prior 2,237 242 242 107 — 2,828 Total $ 4,108 $ 500 $ 587 $ 432 $ — $ 5,627 The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and U.S. region as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 U.S. Region Year of Origination Pacific South Atlantic Middle Atlantic West South Central Mountain East North Central New England West North Central East South Central Total 2022 $ 38 $ 49 $ 18 $ 60 $ 85 $ 38 $ 4 $ 1 $ 18 $ 311 2021 98 72 138 139 110 142 9 47 22 777 2020 74 176 22 24 32 40 2 8 25 403 2019 59 143 14 109 47 10 15 13 22 432 2018 50 63 57 10 14 10 — 6 — 210 2017 126 92 349 137 54 55 5 37 — 855 2016 and prior 683 550 477 118 183 207 51 123 35 2,427 Total $ 1,128 $ 1,145 $ 1,075 $ 597 $ 525 $ 502 $ 86 $ 235 $ 122 $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 U.S. Region Year of Origination Pacific South Atlantic Middle Atlantic West South Central Mountain East North Central New England West North Central East South Central Total 2021 $ 98 $ 79 $ 143 $ 137 $ 110 $ 140 $ 9 $ 47 $ 22 $ 785 2020 84 187 31 35 39 39 3 14 25 457 2019 59 145 14 130 47 17 15 13 22 462 2018 54 68 59 10 14 10 — 6 — 221 2017 128 94 360 139 56 56 5 36 — 874 2016 and prior 718 617 590 159 256 239 71 142 36 2,828 Total $ 1,141 $ 1,190 $ 1,197 $ 610 $ 522 $ 501 $ 103 $ 258 $ 105 $ 5,627 The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and property type as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 Property Type Year of Origination Retail Industrial Apartments Office Hotel/Motel Other Mixed Use Total 2022 $ 24 $ 118 $ 155 $ 14 $ — $ — $ — $ 311 2021 38 172 412 128 — 18 9 777 2020 58 74 111 160 — — — 403 2019 46 94 200 66 26 — — 432 2018 37 86 56 13 — 18 — 210 2017 108 403 193 147 4 — — 855 2016 and prior 819 401 529 390 76 159 53 2,427 Total $ 1,130 $ 1,348 $ 1,656 $ 918 $ 106 $ 195 $ 62 $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 Property Type Year of Origination Retail Industrial Apartments Office Hotel/Motel Other Mixed Use Total 2021 $ 39 $ 185 $ 405 $ 129 $ — $ 18 $ 9 $ 785 2020 58 90 140 169 — — — 457 2019 46 96 211 82 27 — — 462 2018 38 88 57 16 4 18 — 221 2017 110 417 195 149 3 — — 874 2016 and prior 936 566 576 398 93 205 54 2,828 Total $ 1,227 $ 1,442 $ 1,584 $ 943 $ 127 $ 241 $ 63 $ 5,627 The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 15 $ 89 Credit losses on mortgage loans for which credit losses were not previously recorded — 1 Change in allowance due to transfer of loans from Voya Reinsurance portfolios to Resolution — (14) Increase (decrease) on mortgage loans with allowance recorded in previous period (3) (61) Provision for expected credit losses 12 15 Write-offs — — Recoveries of amounts previously written-off — — Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 12 $ 15 The following table presents past due commercial mortgage loans as of the dates indicated: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Delinquency: Current $ 5,415 $ 5,627 30-59 days past due — — 60-89 days past due — — Greater than 90 days past due — — Total $ 5,415 $ 5,627 Commercial mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when 90 days in arrears if the Company has concerns regarding the collectability of future payments, or if a loan has matured without being paid off or extended. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no commercial mortgage loan in non-accrual status. There was no interest income recognized on loans in non-accrual status for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021. Net Investment Income The following table summarizes Net investment income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Fixed maturities $ 495 $ 497 $ 974 $ 1,012 Equity securities 5 6 9 11 Mortgage loans on real estate 60 64 119 125 Policy loans 5 5 11 11 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 2 4 3 5 Limited partnerships and other 29 97 125 240 Gross investment income 596 673 1,241 1,404 Less: Investment expenses 15 17 30 34 Net investment income $ 581 $ 656 $ 1,211 $ 1,370 As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $32 of investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. Fixed maturities are moved to a non-accrual status when the investment defaults. Interest income on fixed maturities is recorded when earned using an effective yield method, giving effect to amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Such interest income is recorded in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net Gains (Losses) Net gains (losses) comprise the difference between the amortized cost of investments and proceeds from sale and redemption, as well as losses incurred due to the credit-related and intent-related impairment of investments. Realized investment gains and losses are also primarily generated from changes in fair value of embedded derivatives within products and fixed maturities, changes in fair value of fixed maturities recorded at FVO and changes in fair value including accruals on derivative instruments, except for effective cash flow hedges. Net gains (losses) also include changes in fair value of trading debt securities and changes in fair value of equity securities. The cost of the investments on disposal is generally determined based on first-in-first-out ("FIFO") methodology. Net gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged $ (6) $ 15 Fixed maturities, at fair value option (245) (129) Equity securities, at fair value (24) 5 Derivatives 32 (39) Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities (2) — Guaranteed benefit derivatives 12 (9) Mortgage loans 1 25 Other investments 5 95 Net gains (losses) $ (227) $ (37) Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged $ (79) $ 1,783 Fixed maturities, at fair value option (550) (377) Equity securities, at fair value (32) 11 Derivatives 126 (16) Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities (6) (5) Guaranteed benefit derivatives 18 48 Mortgage Loans 5 163 Other investments 6 98 Net gains (losses) $ (512) $ 1,705 On June 1, 2021, the Company fully disposed of a 9.99% equity interest in VA Capital which was originally acquired as part of a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017, related to the sale of substantially all of our Closed Block Variable Annuity (CBVA) and Annuity business. The disposition resulted in a net realized gain of $95 reported as Other net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements. Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities, available-for-sale and trading, and equity securities and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax, were as follows for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 (1) 2021 Proceeds on sales $ 971 $ 608 $ 2,220 $ 10,213 Gross gains 15 14 30 1,711 Gross losses 12 — 44 2 (1) Decrease from prior year is the result of the transfer of assets to support the life reinsurance transaction with Resolution." id="sjs-B4">Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Fixed Maturities Available-for-sale and fair value option ("FVO") fixed maturities were as follows as of June 30, 2022: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Capital Gains Gross Unrealized Capital Losses Embedded Derivatives (2) Fair Value Allowance for credit losses Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasuries $ 800 $ 93 $ 9 $ — $ 884 $ — U.S. Government agencies and authorities 58 6 1 — 63 — State, municipalities and political subdivisions 993 4 69 — 928 — U.S. corporate public securities 10,211 265 933 — 9,541 2 U.S. corporate private securities 4,993 38 289 — 4,742 — Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments (1) 3,356 42 317 — 3,057 24 Foreign corporate private securities (1) 3,391 15 166 — 3,222 18 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,330 53 205 6 4,183 1 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 4,351 9 317 — 4,042 1 Other asset-backed securities 2,146 3 144 — 2,004 1 Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged 34,629 528 2,450 6 32,666 47 Less: Securities pledged 1,265 22 104 — 1,183 — Total fixed maturities $ 33,364 $ 506 $ 2,346 $ 6 $ 31,483 $ 47 (1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated. (2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities were as follows as of December 31, 2021: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Capital Gains Gross Unrealized Capital Losses Embedded Derivatives (2) Fair Value Allowance for credit losses Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasuries $ 764 $ 239 $ — $ — $ 1,003 $ — U.S. Government agencies and authorities 69 12 — — 81 — State, municipalities and political subdivisions 1,000 112 1 — 1,111 — U.S. corporate public securities 10,402 1,580 41 — 11,941 — U.S. corporate private securities 4,889 459 23 — 5,325 — Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments (1) 3,373 368 18 — 3,723 — Foreign corporate private securities (1) 3,320 238 1 — 3,501 56 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,183 139 31 12 4,302 1 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 4,032 173 22 — 4,183 — Other asset-backed securities 2,069 25 12 — 2,081 1 Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged 34,101 3,345 149 12 37,251 58 Less: Securities pledged 1,091 107 — — 1,198 — Total fixed maturities $ 33,010 $ 3,238 $ 149 $ 12 $ 36,053 $ 58 (1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated. (2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of June 30, 2022, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and Other asset-backed securities ("ABS") are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date. Amortized Fair Due to mature: One year or less $ 766 $ 742 After one year through five years 4,212 4,102 After five years through ten years 5,129 4,886 After ten years 13,695 12,707 Mortgage-backed securities 8,681 8,225 Other asset-backed securities 2,146 2,004 Fixed maturities, including securities pledged $ 34,629 $ 32,666 As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company’s Total shareholders' equity. The following tables present the composition of the U.S. and foreign corporate securities within the fixed maturity portfolio by industry category as of the dates indicated: Amortized Gross Gross Fair June 30, 2022 Communications $ 1,313 $ 46 $ 90 $ 1,269 Financial 4,056 60 364 3,752 Industrial and other companies 9,187 114 754 8,547 Energy 1,879 66 113 1,832 Utilities 3,757 63 235 3,585 Transportation 1,150 7 94 1,063 Total $ 21,342 $ 356 $ 1,650 $ 20,048 December 31, 2021 Communications $ 1,261 $ 238 $ 3 $ 1,496 Financial 3,752 394 13 4,133 Industrial and other companies 9,600 1,058 32 10,626 Energy 1,907 314 18 2,203 Utilities 3,782 499 11 4,270 Transportation 1,130 93 1 1,222 Total $ 21,432 $ 2,596 $ 78 $ 23,950 The Company invests in various categories of collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), including CMOs that are not agency-backed, that are subject to different degrees of risk from changes in interest rates and defaults. The principal risks inherent in holding CMOs are prepayment and extension risks related to significant decreases and increases in interest rates resulting in the prepayment of principal from the underlying mortgages, either earlier or later than originally anticipated. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately 38.9% and 40.6%, respectively, of the Company's CMO holdings, were invested in the above mentioned types of CMOs such as interest-only or principal-only strips, that are subject to more prepayment and extension risk than traditional CMOs. Public corporate fixed maturity securities are distinguished from private corporate fixed maturity securities based upon the manner in which they are transacted. Public corporate fixed maturity securities are issued initially through market intermediaries on a registered basis or pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") and are traded on the secondary market through brokers acting as principal. Private corporate fixed maturity securities are originally issued by borrowers directly to investors pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and are traded in the secondary market directly with counterparties, either without the participation of a broker or in agency transactions. Repurchase Agreements As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any securities pledged in dollar rolls or reverse repurchase agreements. As of June 30, 2022, the carrying value of securities pledged and obligation to repay loans related to repurchase agreement transactions were $108 and included in Securities pledged and Payables under securities loan and repurchase agreements, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying value of securities pledged and obligation to repay loans related to repurchase agreement transactions were $105. Securities pledged related to repurchase agreements are comprised of other asset-backed securities. Securities Pledged The Company engages in securities lending whereby the initial collateral is required at a rate of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities. The lending agent retains the collateral and invests it in high quality liquid assets on behalf of the Company. The market value of the loaned securities is monitored on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the market value of the loaned securities fluctuates. The lending agent indemnifies the Company against losses resulting from the failure of a counterparty to return securities pledged where collateral is insufficient to cover the loss. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of loaned securities was $913 and $969, respectively, and is included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. If cash is received as collateral, the lending agent retains the cash collateral and invests it in short-term liquid assets on behalf of the Company. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, cash collateral retained by the lending agent and invested in short-term liquid assets on the Company's behalf was $819 and $884, respectively, and is recorded in Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, liabilities to return collateral of $819 and $884, respectively, are included in Payables under securities loan and repurchase agreements, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accepts non-cash collateral in the form of securities. The securities retained as collateral by the lending agent may not be sold or re-pledged, except in the event of default, and are not reflected on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This collateral generally consists of U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency securities and MBS pools. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of securities retained as collateral by the lending agent on the Company’s behalf was $132 and $117, respectively. The following table presents borrowings under securities lending transactions by asset class pledged as of the dates indicated: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 U.S. Treasuries $ 41 $ 42 U.S. Government agencies and authorities 3 3 U.S. corporate public securities 605 599 Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments 302 357 Payables under securities loan agreements $ 951 $ 1,001 The Company's securities lending activities are conducted on an overnight basis, and all securities loaned can be recalled at any time. The Company does not offset assets and liabilities associated with its securities lending program. Allowance for credit losses The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities for the periods presented: Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 U.S. corporate private securities Residential mortgage-backed securities Commercial mortgage-backed securities Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments Foreign corporate private securities Other asset-backed securities Total Balance as of January 1 $ — $ 1 $ — $ — $ 56 $ 1 $ 58 Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 2 1 1 24 — 1 29 Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on financial assets accounted for as PCD — — — — — — — Reductions for securities sold during the period — — — — (41) — (41) Reductions for intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell securities prior to recovery of amortized cost — — — — — — — Change in allowance due to transfer of loans from Voya Reinsurance portfolios to Resolution — — — — — — — Increase (decrease) on securities with allowance recorded in previous period — (1) — — 3 (1) 1 Write-offs — — — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written-off — — — — — — — Balance as of June 30 $ 2 $ 1 $ 1 $ 24 $ 18 $ 1 $ 47 Year Ended December 31, 2021 Residential mortgage-backed securities Commercial mortgage-backed securities Foreign corporate private securities Other asset-backed securities Total Balance as of January 1 $ 2 $ 1 $ 15 $ 8 $ 26 Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 1 — 40 — 41 Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on financial assets accounted for as PCD — — — — — Reductions for securities sold during the period — (1) — — (1) Reductions for intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell securities prior to recovery of amortized cost — — — — — Change in allowance due to transfer of loans from Voya Reinsurance portfolios to Resolution — — — — — Increase (decrease) on securities with allowance recorded in previous period (2) — 1 (7) (8) Write-offs — — — — — Recoveries of amounts previously written-off — — — — — Balance as of December 31 $ 1 $ — $ 56 $ 1 $ 58 Unrealized Capital Losses The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded by market sector and duration as of June 30, 2022: Twelve Months or Less More Than Twelve Total Fair Value Unrealized Capital Losses Number of securities Fair Value Unrealized Capital Losses Number of securities Fair Value Unrealized Capital Losses Number of securities U.S. Treasuries $ 59 $ 8 19 $ 14 $ 1 4 $ 73 $ 9 23 U.S. Government agencies and authorities 8 1 1 — — — 8 1 1 State, municipalities and political subdivisions 739 69 255 1 — * 1 740 69 256 U.S. corporate public securities 5,725 812 1,111 358 121 175 6,083 933 1,286 U.S. corporate private securities 3,337 253 356 230 36 9 3,567 289 365 Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments 2,071 261 392 175 56 46 2,246 317 438 Foreign corporate private securities 2,455 165 199 13 1 3 2,468 166 202 Residential mortgage-backed 1,808 172 530 353 33 163 2,161 205 693 Commercial mortgage-backed 3,468 282 561 261 35 47 3,729 317 608 Other asset-backed 1,751 127 422 144 17 74 1,895 144 496 Total $ 21,421 $ 2,150 3,846 $ 1,549 $ 300 522 $ 22,970 $ 2,450 4,368 *Less than $1 The Company concluded that an allowance for credit losses was unnecessary for these securities because the unrealized losses are interest rate related. The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded by market sector and duration as of December 31, 2021: Twelve Months or Less More Than Twelve Total Fair Value Unrealized Capital Losses Number of securities Fair Value Unrealized Capital Losses Number of securities Fair Value Unrealized Capital Losses Number of securities U.S. Treasuries $ 16 $ — * 8 $ 12 $ — * 2 $ 28 $ — * 10 State, municipalities and political subdivisions 58 1 22 — — — 58 1 22 U.S. corporate public securities 1,425 35 292 115 6 119 1,540 41 411 U.S. corporate private securities 447 5 34 122 18 9 569 23 43 Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments 534 16 97 28 2 14 562 18 111 Foreign corporate private securities 70 1 7 11 — * 1 81 1 8 Residential mortgage-backed 704 18 244 294 13 116 998 31 360 Commercial mortgage-backed 1,137 12 191 228 10 32 1,365 22 223 Other asset-backed 922 8 221 98 4 56 1,020 12 277 Total $ 5,313 $ 96 1,116 $ 908 $ 53 349 $ 6,221 $ 149 1,465 *Less than $1 Based on the Company's quarterly evaluation of its securities in an unrealized loss position, described below, the Company concluded that these securities were not impaired as of June 30, 2022. The Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. Gross unrealized capital losses on fixed maturities, including securities pledged, increased $2,301 from $149 to $2,450 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in unrealized losses was driven by materially higher interest rates across the yield curve and moderately wider credit spreads. As of June 30, 2022, $5 of the total $2,450 of gross unrealized losses were from 5 available-for-sale fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of amortized cost for 12 months or greater. Evaluating Securities for Impairments The Company performs a regular evaluation, on a security-by-security basis, of its available-for-sale securities holdings, including fixed maturity securities, in accordance with its impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such investments are impaired. The following table identifies the Company's intent impairments included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding impairments included in Other comprehensive income (loss) by type for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Impairment No. of Impairment No. of Residential mortgage-backed $ 2 17 $ — * 4 Commercial mortgage-backed — * 1 — — Total $ 2 18 $ — * 4 (1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated. *Less than $1 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Impairment No. of Impairment No. of Residential mortgage-backed $ 9 27 $ — * 10 Commercial mortgage-backed — * 1 — * 1 Total $ 9 28 $ — * 11 (1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated. *Less than $1 The Company may sell securities during the period in which fair value has declined below amortized cost for fixed maturities. In certain situations, new factors, including changes in the business environment, can change the Company’s previous intent to continue holding a security. Accordingly, these factors may lead the Company to record additional intent related capital losses. Troubled Debt Restructuring The Company invests in high quality, well performing portfolios of commercial mortgage loans and private placements. Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to these contracts. Each modification is evaluated as to whether a troubled debt restructuring has occurred. A modification is a troubled debt restructuring when the borrower is in financial difficulty and the creditor makes concessions. Generally, the types of concessions may include reducing the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as originally stated, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. A valuation allowance may have been recorded prior to the quarter when the loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (net of the valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company had no new commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company had three new private placement troubled debt restructurings with a pre and post modification carrying value of $74 and $65, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company had six new private placement troubled debt restructurings with a pre and post modification carrying value of $102 and $75, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company did not have any commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company had one commercial mortgage loan trouble debt restructuring with a pre and post modification carrying value of $5. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company did not have any private placement troubled debt restructurings. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021, the Company did not have any commercial mortgage loans or private placements modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate The Company diversifies its commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographic region and property type to reduce concentration risk. The Company manages risk when originating commercial mortgage loans by generally lending only up to 75% of the estimated fair value of the underlying real estate. Subsequently, the Company continuously evaluates mortgage loans based on relevant current information including a review of loan-specific performance, property characteristics and market trends. Loan performance is monitored on a loan specific basis through the review of submitted appraisals, operating statements, rent revenues and annual inspection reports, among other items. This review ensures properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the debt. The components to evaluate debt service coverage are received and reviewed at least annually to determine the level of risk. Loan-to-value ("LTV") and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. These ratios are utilized as part of the review process described above. The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and LTV ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 Loan-to-Value Ratios Year of Origination 0% - 50% >50% - 60% >60% - 70% >70% - 80% >80% and above Total 2022 $ 151 $ 101 $ 59 $ — $ — $ 311 2021 247 314 206 10 — 777 2020 115 244 34 10 — 403 2019 194 173 65 — — 432 2018 161 46 3 — — 210 2017 648 203 4 — — 855 2016 and prior 2,014 390 23 — — 2,427 Total $ 3,530 $ 1,471 $ 394 $ 20 $ — $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 Loan-to-Value Ratios Year of Origination 0% - 50% >50% - 60% >60% - 70% >70% - 80% >80% and above Total 2021 $ 269 $ 315 $ 201 $ — $ — $ 785 2020 140 240 77 — — 457 2019 201 192 69 — — 462 2018 169 50 2 — — 221 2017 656 214 4 — — 874 2016 and prior 2,220 584 24 — — 2,828 Total $ 3,655 $ 1,595 $ 377 $ — $ — $ 5,627 The following tables present commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and DSC ratio as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 Debt Service Coverage Ratios Year of Origination >1.5x >1.25x - 1.5x >1.0x - 1.25x <1.0x Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans Total 2022 $ 311 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 311 2021 650 26 36 65 — 777 2020 310 36 33 24 — 403 2019 254 13 106 59 — 432 2018 127 7 53 23 — 210 2017 495 61 114 185 — 855 2016 and prior 1,829 311 193 94 — 2,427 Total $ 3,976 $ 454 $ 535 $ 450 $ — $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 Debt Service Coverage Ratios Year of Origination >1.5x >1.25x - 1.5x >1.0x - 1.25x <1.0x Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans Total 2021 $ 652 $ 27 $ 38 $ 68 $ — $ 785 2020 396 21 34 6 — 457 2019 278 49 108 27 — 462 2018 131 5 54 31 — 221 2017 414 156 111 193 — 874 2016 and prior 2,237 242 242 107 — 2,828 Total $ 4,108 $ 500 $ 587 $ 432 $ — $ 5,627 The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and U.S. region as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 U.S. Region Year of Origination Pacific South Atlantic Middle Atlantic West South Central Mountain East North Central New England West North Central East South Central Total 2022 $ 38 $ 49 $ 18 $ 60 $ 85 $ 38 $ 4 $ 1 $ 18 $ 311 2021 98 72 138 139 110 142 9 47 22 777 2020 74 176 22 24 32 40 2 8 25 403 2019 59 143 14 109 47 10 15 13 22 432 2018 50 63 57 10 14 10 — 6 — 210 2017 126 92 349 137 54 55 5 37 — 855 2016 and prior 683 550 477 118 183 207 51 123 35 2,427 Total $ 1,128 $ 1,145 $ 1,075 $ 597 $ 525 $ 502 $ 86 $ 235 $ 122 $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 U.S. Region Year of Origination Pacific South Atlantic Middle Atlantic West South Central Mountain East North Central New England West North Central East South Central Total 2021 $ 98 $ 79 $ 143 $ 137 $ 110 $ 140 $ 9 $ 47 $ 22 $ 785 2020 84 187 31 35 39 39 3 14 25 457 2019 59 145 14 130 47 17 15 13 22 462 2018 54 68 59 10 14 10 — 6 — 221 2017 128 94 360 139 56 56 5 36 — 874 2016 and prior 718 617 590 159 256 239 71 142 36 2,828 Total $ 1,141 $ 1,190 $ 1,197 $ 610 $ 522 $ 501 $ 103 $ 258 $ 105 $ 5,627 The following tables present the commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and property type as of the dates indicated. The information is updated as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 Property Type Year of Origination Retail Industrial Apartments Office Hotel/Motel Other Mixed Use Total 2022 $ 24 $ 118 $ 155 $ 14 $ — $ — $ — $ 311 2021 38 172 412 128 — 18 9 777 2020 58 74 111 160 — — — 403 2019 46 94 200 66 26 — — 432 2018 37 86 56 13 — 18 — 210 2017 108 403 193 147 4 — — 855 2016 and prior 819 401 529 390 76 159 53 2,427 Total $ 1,130 $ 1,348 $ 1,656 $ 918 $ 106 $ 195 $ 62 $ 5,415 As of December 31, 2021 Property Type Year of Origination Retail Industrial Apartments Office Hotel/Motel Other Mixed Use Total 2021 $ 39 $ 185 $ 405 $ 129 $ — $ 18 $ 9 $ 785 2020 58 90 140 169 — — — 457 2019 46 96 211 82 27 — — 462 2018 38 88 57 16 4 18 — 221 2017 110 417 195 149 3 — — 874 2016 and prior 936 566 576 398 93 205 54 2,828 Total $ 1,227 $ 1,442 $ 1,584 $ 943 $ 127 $ 241 $ 63 $ 5,627 The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 15 $ 89 Credit losses on mortgage loans for which credit losses were not previously recorded — 1 Change in allowance due to transfer of loans from Voya Reinsurance portfolios to Resolution — (14) Increase (decrease) on mortgage loans with allowance recorded in previous period (3) (61) Provision for expected credit losses 12 15 Write-offs — — Recoveries of amounts previously written-off — — Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 12 $ 15 The following table presents past due commercial mortgage loans as of the dates indicated: June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Delinquency: Current $ 5,415 $ 5,627 30-59 days past due — — 60-89 days past due — — Greater than 90 days past due — — Total $ 5,415 $ 5,627 Commercial mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when 90 days in arrears if the Company has concerns regarding the collectability of future payments, or if a loan has matured without being paid off or extended. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no commercial mortgage loan in non-accrual status. There was no interest income recognized on loans in non-accrual status for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021. Net Investment Income The following table summarizes Net investment income for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Fixed maturities $ 495 $ 497 $ 974 $ 1,012 Equity securities 5 6 9 11 Mortgage loans on real estate 60 64 119 125 Policy loans 5 5 11 11 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 2 4 3 5 Limited partnerships and other 29 97 125 240 Gross investment income 596 673 1,241 1,404 Less: Investment expenses 15 17 30 34 Net investment income $ 581 $ 656 $ 1,211 $ 1,370 As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $32 of investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. Fixed maturities are moved to a non-accrual status when the investment defaults. Interest income on fixed maturities is recorded when earned using an effective yield method, giving effect to amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Such interest income is recorded in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net Gains (Losses) Net gains (losses) comprise the difference between the amortized cost of investments and proceeds from sale and redemption, as well as losses incurred due to the credit-related and intent-related impairment of investments. Realized investment gains and losses are also primarily generated from changes in fair value of embedded derivatives within products and fixed maturities, changes in fair value of fixed maturities recorded at FVO and changes in fair value including accruals on derivative instruments, except for effective cash flow hedges. Net gains (losses) also include changes in fair value of trading debt securities and changes in fair value of equity securities. The cost of the investments on disposal is generally determined based on first-in-first-out ("FIFO") methodology. Net gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged $ (6) $ 15 Fixed maturities, at fair value option (245) (129) Equity securities, at fair value (24) 5 Derivatives 32 (39) Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities (2) — Guaranteed benefit derivatives 12 (9) Mortgage loans 1 25 Other investments 5 95 Net gains (losses) $ (227) $ (37) Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged $ (79) $ 1,783 Fixed maturities, at fair value option (550) (377) Equity securities, at fair value (32) 11 Derivatives 126 (16) Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities (6) (5) Guaranteed benefit derivatives 18 48 Mortgage Loans 5 163 Other investments 6 98 Net gains (losses) $ (512) $ 1,705 On June 1, 2021, the Company fully disposed of a 9.99% equity interest in VA Capital which was originally acquired as part of a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017, related to the sale of substantially all of our Closed Block Variable Annuity (CBVA) and Annuity business. The disposition resulted in a net realized gain of $95 reported as Other net gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements. Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities, available-for-sale and trading, and equity securities and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax, were as follows for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 (1) 2021 Proceeds on sales $ 971 $ 608 $ 2,220 $ 10,213 Gross gains 15 14 30 1,711 Gross losses 12 — 44 2 (1) Decrease from prior year is the result of the transfer of assets to support the life reinsurance transaction with Resolution. |