Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying balance sheet as of March 31, 2018, statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2018 and its results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018, any other interim periods or any future year or period. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related footnotes, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the accounting for useful lives to calculate depreciation and amortization, clinical trial estimates and related accrued liabilities, share-based compensation expense and income tax valuation allowance. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include, but are not limited to: • employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense for research and development personnel; • expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations, contract manufacturing organizations and consultants that conduct clinical trials and preclinical studies; • costs associated with nonclinical and clinical development activities; • costs associated with technology and intellectual property licenses; • costs for the Company’s research and development facility; and • depreciation expense for assets used in research and development activities. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations, or information provided to the Company by its vendors on their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the patterns of costs incurred, and are reflected in the financial statements as prepaid or accrued expense. No material adjustments to these estimates have been recorded in these financial statements. Share-Based Compensation Compensation cost related to share-based awards granted to employees is measured based on the estimated fair value of the award at the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees is determined as the fair value of consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured. The fair value of awards granted to non-employees is re-measured each period until the related service is complete. Share-based compensation costs are expensed on a straight-line basis over the relevant vesting period. Compensation cost related to shares purchased through the Company’s employee stock purchase plan, which is considered compensatory, is based on the estimated fair value of the shares on the offering date, including consideration of the discount and the look back period. The Company estimates the fair value of the shares using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation expense is recognized over the six-month withholding period prior to the purchase date. All share-based compensation costs are recorded in general and administrative or research and development costs in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss based upon the underlying employees’ roles within the Company. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with an original term of three months or less at the date of purchase. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments are investments with original maturities of between 90 and 365 days when purchased and are comprised of commercial paper, corporate bonds and government bonds. The Company classifies its short-term investments as available-for-sale securities. Short-term investments are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. In addition, the Company evaluates the short-investments with unrealized losses to determine whether such losses are other-than-temporary. Concentration of Credit Risk Arising From Cash Deposits in Excess of Insured Limits The Company maintains its cash in bank deposits that at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any loss in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant risks with respect to its cash balances. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. After evaluating its current and prior license agreements, as well as its other collaboration agreements, the Company recorded the remaining $160,000 of deferred revenue as a cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB Statement of Cash Flows Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, The following table is a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheets that sum to the total amounts in the statements of cash flows (in thousands). March 31, 2018 2017 Cash and cash equivalents $ 84,834 $ 22,989 Restricted cash 360 360 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown on the statements of cash flows $ 85,194 $ 23,349 Restricted cash consists of amounts held by a financial institution under a contractual agreement. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-9 , Compensation-Stock Compensation: Scope of Stock Compensation Modification Accounting financial statements and related disclosure would depend on any future modifications to its share-based awards. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), |