Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies | (1) Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Anaplan, Inc. (the Company or Anaplan) was incorporated in Delaware on July 9, 2009 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California, with offices in multiple U.S. and international locations. The Company provides a cloud-based Connected Planning platform that helps connect organizations and people to make better and faster decisions. The Company delivers its application over the Internet as a subscription service using a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. The Company also offers professional services related to implementing and supporting its application. Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2021, for example, refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the Company). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of revenue recognition, the period of benefit for deferred commissions, the fair value of intangibles and stock awards issued, and the allowance for credit losses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic with widespread and detrimental effect on the global economy. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, impact on the Company's customers, prospective customers, sales cycles, and employees, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. During fiscal 2021, the Company assessed the impact of COVID-19, including its estimate of credit losses for accounts receivable. As of the filing date of consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require updating significant estimates or judgments or revising the carrying value of the Company's assets or liabilities as presented in the consolidated financial statements. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to its consolidated financial statements. Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is primarily their respective local currency. The Company translates all assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate as of the applicable consolidated balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate prevailing during the period. The related unrealized gains and losses from foreign currency translation are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains were $3.8 million for fiscal 2021. Foreign currency transaction losses were $0.4 million and $1.4 million for fiscal 2020 and 201 9 , respectively, and are included in other income ( expense ) , net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value. Restricted cash represents cash held to collateralize lease obligations. The balance of restricted cash at the end of fiscal 2021 and 2020 was immaterial. Fair Value Measurement The Company’s financial instruments, other than cash and restricted cash, consists principally of accounts receivable and accounts payable of which the fair value approximates the carrying value of these financial instruments because of their short-term nature. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which is two or three years Business Combinations The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets The Company performs a qualitative assessment on goodwill at least annually, during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine if any events or circumstances exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry that would indicate that it would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. If it is determined in the qualitative assessment that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not below its carrying amount, then the Company will perform a quantitative impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Any excess in the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill over its fair value is recognized as an impairment loss, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, the Company has one reporting unit. Acquisition-related intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company evaluates long-lived assets , including property, equipment and leasehold improvements and other intangible assets subject to amortization, for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable based on expected future cash flows attributable to that asset or asset group. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then an impairment charge would be recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. There were no material impairment charges recognized related to goodwill, intangible assets, or other long-lived assets during fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019. Leases The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842 (ASC 842), Leases, effective February 1, 2019, using the effective date transition method, which applies the provisions of the new guidance at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material options to extend or terminate leases, any material residual value guarantees, any material restrictions or covenants, or any material variable lease payments. Any variable lease payments consist of common area maintenance, taxes and other costs and are expensed as incurred. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. In determining the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its country specific incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date, including the lease term, for operating leases. The incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on the Company’s understanding of what its credit rating would be within each country. The operating lease ROU asset was valued at the amount of the lease liabilities adjusted for the remaining balance of unamortized lease incentives, prepaid rent, and deferred rent. Finance lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized based on the carrying amount of the lease assets and lease liabilities. The finance lease ROU asset also includes any remaining unamortized initial direct costs. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Concentration of Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash with high-quality financial institutions with investment-grade ratings. A majority of the cash balances are with U.S. banks and are insured to the extent defined by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company markets its subscription and services in the United States and in foreign countries through its direct sales force and partners. No customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue for fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, or more than 10% of total accounts receivable as of January 31, 2021 and 2020. Segment Information The Company operates in one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, who is the chief executive officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level. The following table summarizes the Company’s long-lived assets by geographic area, which consist of property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets: As of January 31, 2021 2020 (In thousands) Long-lived assets United States $ 61,111 $ 67,104 United Kingdom 17,862 15,235 Other 6,615 4,175 Total $ 85,588 $ 86,514 Revenue by geographical region is discussed below in the Revenue Recognition disclosures. Accounts Receivable, net The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326 (ASC 326), Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, effective February 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach. Under ASC 326, accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowance for credit losses. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses based on a combination of factors. In establishing any required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted for current market conditions, the Company’s customers’ financial condition, the amount of any receivables in dispute, the current receivables aging, current payment terms and expectations of forward-looking loss estimates. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectable are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified. As of January 31, 2021 January 31, 2021 Revenue Recognition The Company derives revenue primarily from sales of subscription services and, to a lesser degree, from professional services. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains access to the platform and receives the related professional services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. The Company determine s revenue recognition through the following steps: 1. Identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer 2. Identification of the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determination of the transaction price 4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognition of the revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied Subscription Revenue The Company generates revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to access its cloud-based business and execution planning platform. Subscription arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software operating the platform. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to the platform over the contractual period. A time-elapsed method is used to measure progress because the Company’s obligation is to provide continuous service over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the date access to the platform is provided. The typical subscription term is two to three years and customers are generally invoiced in annual installments at the beginning of each year within the subscription period. Most contracts are non-cancelable over the contractual term. Some customers have the option to purchase additional subscription services at a stated price. These options are evaluated on a case-by-case basis but generally do not provide a material right as they are priced within a range of prices provided to other customers for the same products and, as such, would not result in a separate performance obligation. Professional Services Revenue Professional services revenue consists of fees associated with implementation or consultation services, and training. Professional services do not result in significant customization of the subscription service and are considered distinct. A substantial majority of the professional service contracts are recognized on a time and materials basis and the related revenue is recognized as the service hours are performed. For time and materials projects, the Company invoices for professional services as the work is incurred and in arrears. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations Most contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations that are distinct and accounted for separately. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. The Company determines SSP for all performance obligations using observable inputs, such as standalone sales and historical contract pricing. SSP is consistent with the Company’s overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration the type of subscription services and professional and other services. SSP also reflects the amount the Company would charge for that performance obligation if it were sold separately in a standalone sale, and the price the Company would sell to similar customers in similar circumstances. Variable Consideration Revenue from sales is recorded based on the transaction price, which includes estimates of variable consideration. Variable consideration may exist where a customer has purchased professional services that are sold on a time and materials basis. The Company estimates the number of hours expected to be incurred based on an expected values approach that considers historical hours incurred for similar projects based on the types and sizes of customers. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use the Company’s cloud-based application: Year Ended January 31, 2021 2020 2019 Amount Percentage of Revenue Amount Percentage of Revenue Amount Percentage of Revenue (In thousands, except percentage data) Americas $ 253,775 57 % $ 205,345 59 % $ 141,595 59 % EMEA 144,260 32 110,057 32 78,868 33 APAC 49,720 11 32,620 9 20,179 8 Total $ 447,755 100 % $ 348,022 100 % $ 240,642 100 % The United States and the United Kingdom were the only two countries that represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in any period, comprised of $243.7 million and 54%, $197.6 million and 57%, and $136.8 million and 57% for the United States in fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $53.3 million and 12%, $41.5 million and 12%, and $32.3 million and 13% for the United Kingdom in fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Contract Balances Contract assets represent revenue recognized for contracts that have not yet been invoiced to customers, typically for multi-year arrangements. Total contract assets were $0.3 million and $0.2 million as of January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which were included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue. Revenue is deferred when the Company has the right to invoice in advance of performance under a contract. The current portion of deferred revenue balances are recognized over the following 12-month period. The amount of revenue recognized in fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019 that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of each period was $216.1 million, $149.6 million, and $101.0 million, respectively. Deferred Commissions The Company capitalizes sales commissions that are incremental due to the acquisition of customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines whether costs should be deferred based on its sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. Sales commissions for renewal of a subscription contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial subscription contract given the substantive difference in commission rates between new and renewal contracts. Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of five years, while commissions paid related to renewal contracts are amortized over the renewal term. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis commensurate with the pattern of revenue recognition. Commissions paid on professional services are typically expensed as incurred. The Company determines the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial subscription contract by taking into consideration the historical initial and renewal contractual terms and estimated renewal rates. The Company determines the period of benefit for renewal subscription contracts by considering the average contractual term for renewal contracts. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Company periodically reviews deferred commissions to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit. There were no impairment losses recorded during the periods presented. The following table represents a rollforward of the Company’s deferred commissions: As of January 31, 2021 2020 (In thousands) Beginning balance $ 83,937 $ 50,890 Additions to deferred commissions 65,639 53,978 Amortization of deferred commissions (33,404 ) (20,508 ) Foreign currency translation effect of deferred commissions 3,030 (423 ) Ending balance $ 119,202 $ 83,937 Deferred commissions, current (to be recognized in next 12 months) 36,797 25,990 Deferred commissions, net of current portion 82,405 57,947 Total deferred commissions $ 119,202 $ 83,937 Remaining Performance Obligations As of January 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $817.6 million, which consists of both billed consideration in the amount of $295.5 million and unbilled consideration in the amount of $522.1 million that the Company expects to recognize as revenue. The Company expects to cumulatively recognize approximately 51% and 83% of this amount as revenue in the next 12 months and 24 months, respectively, with the remaining balance recognized thereafter. The Company applied a practical expedient allowing it not to disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. Cost of Revenue Cost of Subscription Revenue Cost of subscription revenue primarily consists of costs related to providing cloud applications, compensation and other employee-related expenses for data center staff, payments to outside service providers, customer service, data center and networking expenses, depreciation expenses, and amortization of capitalized software development costs. Cost of Professional Services Revenue Cost of professional services primarily consists of costs related to providing implementation services, optimization services, and training, and includes compensation and other employee-related expenses for professional services staff, costs of subcontractors, and travel. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred in sales and marketing expense and amounted to $13.7 million, $17.7 million, and $15.1 million for fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation Prior to the Initial Public Offering (IPO), the Company’s board of directors determined the fair value of its common stock using various valuation methodologies, including valuation analyses performed by third-party valuation firms. After the IPO, the Company uses the publicly quoted market closing price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange as the fair value of its common stock. The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including stock options, stock purchase rights (SPRs), restricted stock units (RSUs), and purchase rights issued under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the award. The Company calculates the fair value of options, SPRs, and the purchase rights issued under ESPP using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the related expense is recognized using the straight-line attribution approach. The vesting period is the period the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. The Company’s RSUs granted under the 2012 Stock Plan (2012 Plan) vest upon the satisfaction of both a service condition and a liquidity condition. Both the service and liquidity conditions must be met for the expense to be recognized. The liquidity condition was satisfied upon the IPO, and the Company recognized an expense of $29.9 million in the three months ended October 31, 2018 for the portion of the RSUs that had met the service condition as of such date. The Company’s RSUs granted after the IPO under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (2018 Plan) vest upon the satisfaction of a service condition and do not have a corresponding liquidity condition. Stock-based compensation expense includes the impact of estimated forfeitures, and has been allocated between cost of revenue and operating expense lines based on the cost category of the respective award holders. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the net amount that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company has considered its historical levels of income, expectations of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies. Because of the uncertainty of the realization of the deferred tax assets, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all deferred tax assets. Realization of its deferred tax assets is dependent primarily upon future U.S., U.K. and Israel taxable income. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Capitalized Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes software development costs in connection with its cloud-based business modeling and planning software application, as well as certain projects for internal use, as incurred. Qualifying computer software costs that are incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. The Company capitalized $13.6 million, $13.6 million, and $8.1 million related to software costs incurred during fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related software, which is generally two to three years, in cost of subscription revenue. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic net loss per share for the potentially dilutive impact of stock options, restricted stock units, and stock repurchase rights. As the Company has reported losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive and accordingly, basic net loss per share equals diluted net loss per share. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “ Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of credit Losses on Financial Instruments |