Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | 7. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Prosper measures the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with its fair value hierarchy which prioritizes information used to measure fair value and the effect of fair value measurements on earnings and provides for enhanced disclosures determined by the level within the hierarchy of information used in the valuation. We apply this framework whenever other standards require (or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on the balance sheets are classified among three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value: Level 1 — The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 — The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation methodologies for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 3 — The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar methodologies, which incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation. Fair values of assets or liabilities are determined based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Various valuation methodologies are utilized, depending on the nature of the financial instrument, including the use of market prices for identical or similar instruments, or discounted cash flow models. When possible, active and observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments are utilized. Alternatively, fair value is determined using assumptions that management believes a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. Financial instruments consist principally of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Available for Sale Investments, Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities, Payable to Investors and Notes. Servicing Assets and Liabilities are also subject to fair value measurement within the financial statements of Prosper. The estimated fair values of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities, and Payable to Investors approximate their carrying values because of their short term nature. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The fair value of the Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes are estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies based upon a set of valuation assumptions. The primary cash flow assumptions used to value such Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes include default rates derived from historical performance and discount rates applied to each credit grade based on the perceived credit risk of each credit grade. Investments held at fair value consist of available for sale investments. The available for sale investments consist of corporate debt securities, commercial paper, U.S. treasury securities, agency bonds and short term bond funds. When available, Prosper uses quoted prices in active markets to measure the fair value of securities available for sale. When utilizing market data and bid-ask spreads, Prosper uses the price within the bid-ask spread that best represents fair value. When quoted prices do not exist, Prosper uses prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services to measure the fair value of investment assets. Prosper generally obtains prices from at least two independent pricing sources for assets recorded at fair value. Prosper's primary independent pricing service provides prices based on observable trades and discounted cash flows that incorporate observable information, such as yields for similar types of securities (a benchmark interest rate plus observable spreads) and weighted-average maturity for the same or similar securities. Prosper compares the prices obtained from its primary independent pricing service to the prices obtained from the additional independent pricing services to determine if the price obtained from the primary independent pricing service is reasonable. Prosper does not adjust the prices received from independent third-party pricing services unless such prices are inconsistent with the definition of fair value and result in a material difference in the recorded amounts. The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value (in thousands): March 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Total Assets: Borrower Loans $ - $ - $ 303,243 $ 303,243 Loans Held for Sale - - 30 30 Available for Sale Investments, at Fair Value - 67,958 - 67,958 Servicing Assets - - 15,548 15,548 Total Assets - 67,958 318,821 386,779 Liabilities: Notes $ - $ - $ 302,357 $ 302,357 Servicing Liabilities - - 398 398 Contingent Consideration - - 4,866 4,866 Total Liabilities $ - $ - $ 307,621 $ 307,621 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Total Assets: Borrower Loans $ - $ - $ 297,273 $ 297,273 Loans Held for Sale - - 32 32 Available for Sale Investments, at Fair Value - 73,187 - 73,187 Servicing Assets - - 14,363 14,363 Total Assets - 73,187 311,668 384,855 Liabilities: Notes $ - $ - $ 297,405 $ 297,405 Servicing Liabilities - - 484 484 Contingent Consideration - - 4,801 4,801 Total Liabilities $ - $ - $ 302,690 $ 302,690 As Prosper’s Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale, Notes and loan servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, Prosper uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. Financial instruments are categorized in the level 3 valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, the realized and unrealized gains and losses for assets and liabilities within the level 3 category may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. Significant Unobservable Inputs The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for Prosper’s level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015: Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes: Range Unobservable Input March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Discount rate 4.3% - 14.6% 4.3% - 14.5% Default rate 1.5% - 15.1% 1.4% - 14.4% Servicing Rights Range Unobservable Input March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Discount rate 15% - 25% 15% - 25% Default rate 1.1% - 15.3% 1.2% - 14.7% Prepayment rate 15.7% - 51.6% 14.3% - 25.6% Market servicing rate 0.625 % 0.625 % At March 31, 2016, the discounted cash flow methodology used to estimate the Note fair values used the same projected cash flows as the related Borrower Loans. As demonstrated in the following table, the fair value adjustments for Borrower Loans were largely offset by the fair value adjustments of the Notes due to the borrower payment dependent design of the Notes and because the principal balances of the Borrower Loans approximated the principal balances of the Notes. The following tables present additional information about level 3 Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Borrower Loans Notes Loans Held for Sale Total Balance at January 1, 2016 $ 297,273 $ (297,405 ) $ 32 $ (100 ) Purchase of Borrower Loans/Issuance of Notes 55,171 (55,273 ) 931,420 931,318 Principal repayments (40,986 ) 42,062 (4 ) 1,072 Borrower Loans sold to third parties (613 ) 582 (931,418 ) (931,449 ) Other changes (4 ) 157 - 153 Change in fair value (7,598 ) 7,520 - (78 ) Balance at March 31, 2016 $ 303,243 $ (302,357 ) $ 30 $ 916 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Borrower Loans Notes Loans Held for Sale Total Balance at January 1, 2015 $ 273,243 $ (273,783 ) $ 8,463 $ 7,923 Purchase of Borrower Loans/Issuance of Notes 47,714 (47,796 ) 540,924 540,842 Principal repayments (36,063 ) 36,069 (364 ) (358 ) Borrower Loans sold to third parties - - (547,309 ) (547,309 ) Other changes 6 207 (8 ) 205 Change in fair value (4,496 ) 4,502 (107 ) (101 ) Balance at March 31, 2015 $ 280,404 $ (280,801 ) $ 1,599 $ 1,202 The following tables present additional information about level 3 servicing assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Fair Value at January 1, 2016 14,363 484 Additions 4,021 9 Less: Changes in fair value (2,836 ) (95 ) Fair Value at March 31, 2016 15,548 398 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Amortized Cost at January 1, 2015 4,163 624 Adjustment to Adopt Fair Value Measurement 546 (29 ) Fair Value at January 1, 2015 4,709 595 Additions 2,078 154 Less: Changes in fair value (753 ) (81 ) Fair Value at March 31, 2015 6,034 668 Contingent Consideration: On October 9, 2015, PMI, purchased 100% of the outstanding shares of BillGuard. The contingent consideration was primarily performance-based and will be determined over a one-year period from the date of purchase. Total contingent consideration due in October 2016 is based on revenues generated and other criteria. We measured the fair value of the contingent consideration using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow approach. Some of the significant inputs used for the valuation are not observable in the market and are thus Level 3 inputs. Contingent consideration is recorded in the consolidated balance sheet under "Other Liabilities." Significant increases or decreases in certain underlying assumptions used to value the contingent consideration could significantly increase or decrease the fair value estimates recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 there were fair value changes of $0.1 million resulting in a fair value of $4.9 million at March 31, 2016 from the initial fair value at January 1, 2016 of $4.8 million. Significant Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Asset and Liability Input Sensitivity Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value to immediate changes in those assumptions at March 31, 2016 for Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes funded through the Note Channel are presented in the following table (in thousands, except percentages): Borrower Loans and Loans Held for Sale Notes Discount rate assumption: 6.98 %* 6.98 %* Resulting fair value from: 100 basis point increase $ 300,134 $ 299,252 200 basis point increase 297,104 296,225 Resulting fair value from: 100 basis point decrease $ 306,433 $ 305,543 200 basis point decrease 309,709 308,815 Default rate assumption: 10.87 %* 10.87 %* Resulting fair value from: 200 basis point decrease $ 309,402 $ 308,526 100 basis point decrease 306,305 305,423 Resulting fair value from: 100 basis point increase $ 300,206 $ 299,315 200 basis point increase 297,240 296,345 * Represents weighted average assumptions considering all credit grades. The following table presents the estimated impact on Prosper’s estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rates and different default rates as of March 31, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages). Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Market servicing rate assumptions 0.625 % 0.625 % Resulting fair value from: Market servicing rate increase to 0.65% 14,419 $ 439 Market servicing rate decrease to 0.60% 16,677 $ 358 Weighted average prepayment assumptions 21.35 % 21.35 % Resulting fair value from: Applying a 1.1 multiplier to default rate 15,152 $ 376 Applying a 0.9 multiplier to default rate 15,771 $ 392 Weighted average default assumptions 11.23 % 11.23 % Resulting fair value from: Applying a 1.1 multiplier to default rate $ 15,314 $ 398 Applying a 0.9 multiplier to default rate $ 15,785 $ 399 These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. |
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | 7. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Prosper Funding Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on the balance sheets are classified among three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value: Level 1 — The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 — The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation methodologies for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 3 — The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar methodologies, which incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation. Fair values of assets or liabilities are determined based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Various valuation methodologies are utilized, depending on the nature of the financial instrument, including the use of market prices for identical or similar instruments, or discounted cash flow models. When possible, active and observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments are utilized. Alternatively, fair value is determined using assumptions that management believes a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. Financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, Borrower Loans, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and Notes. Servicing assets and liabilities are also subject to fair value measurement within the financial statements of PFL. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying values because of their short term nature. Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value The fair value of the Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes are estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies based upon a set of valuation assumptions. The primary cash flow assumptions used to value such Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes include default rates derived from historical performance and discount rates applied to each credit grade based on the perceived credit risk of each credit grade. Investments held at fair value consist of available for sale investments. The available for sale investments consist of corporate and government bonds. When available, Prosper uses quoted prices in active markets to measure the fair value of securities available for sale. When utilizing market data and bid-ask spreads, Prosper uses the price within the bid-ask spread that best represents fair value. When quoted prices do not exist, Prosper uses prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services to measure the fair value of investment assets. Prosper generally obtains prices from at least two independent pricing sources for assets recorded at fair value. Prosper's primary independent pricing service provides prices based on observable trades and discounted cash flows that incorporate observable information, such as yields for similar types of securities (a benchmark interest rate plus observable spreads) and weighted-average maturity for the same or similar securities. Prosper compares the prices obtained from its primary independent pricing service to the prices obtained from the additional independent pricing services to determine if the price obtained from the primary independent pricing service is reasonable. Prosper does not adjust the prices received from independent third-party pricing services unless such prices are inconsistent with the definition of fair value and result in a material difference in the recorded amounts. The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value (in thousands): March 31, 2016 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Total Assets: Borrower Loans $ - $ - $ 303,243 $ 303,243 Loans Held for Sale - - 30 30 Servicing Assets - - 14,929 14,929 Total Assets - - 318,202 318,202 Liabilities: Notes $ - $ - $ 302,357 $ 302,357 Servicing Liabilities - - 398 398 Total Liabilities $ - $ - $ 302,755 $ 302,755 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Inputs Level 2 Inputs Level 3 Inputs Total Assets: Borrower Loans $ - $ - $ 297,273 $ 297,273 Loans Held for Sale - - 32 32 Servicing Assets - - 13,605 13,605 Total Assets - - 310,910 310,910 Liabilities: Notes $ - $ - $ 297,405 $ 297,405 Servicing Liabilities - - 484 484 Total Liabilities $ - $ - $ 297,889 $ 297,889 As Prosper Funding’s Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale, Notes and loan servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, Prosper Funding uses significant unobservable inputs to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities. Financial instruments are categorized in the level 3 valuation hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable factors in the overall fair value measurement. These fair value estimates may also include observable, actively quoted components derived from external sources. As a result, the realized and unrealized gains and losses for assets and liabilities within the level 3 category may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for Prosper Funding’s Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes fair value measurements at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : Range Unobservable Input March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Discount rate 4.3% - 14.6% 4.3% - 14.5% Default rate 1.5% - 15.1% 1.4% - 14.4% Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value to immediate changes in those assumptions at March 31, 2016 for Borrower Loans, Loans Held for Sale and Notes funded are presented in the following table (in thousands): Borrower Loans and Loans Held for Sale Notes Discount rate assumption: 6.98 %* 6.98 %* Resulting fair value from: 100 basis point increase $ 300,134 $ 299,252 200 basis point increase 297,104 296,225 Resulting fair value from: 100 basis point decrease $ 306,433 $ 305,543 200 basis point decrease 309,709 308,815 Default rate assumption: 10.87 %* 10.87 %* Resulting fair value from: 200 basis point decrease $ 309,402 $ 308,526 100 basis point decrease 306,305 305,423 Resulting fair value from: 100 basis point increase $ 300,206 $ 299,315 200 basis point increase 297,240 296,345 * Represents weighted average assumptions considering all credit grades. These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a fixed basis points variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. The changes in the Borrower Loans, loans held for sale and Notes, which are Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Loans Held for Borrower Notes Sale Total Balance at January 1, 2015 $ 273,243 $ (273,783 ) $ 8,463 $ 7,923 Originations 47,714 (47,796 ) 540,924 540,842 Principal repayments (36,063 ) 36,069 (364 ) (358 ) Borrower Loans sold to third parties - - (547,309 ) (547,309 ) Other changes 6 207 (8 ) 205 Change in fair value (4,496 ) 4,502 (107 ) (101 ) Balance at March 31, 2015 $ 280,404 $ (280,801 ) $ 1,599 $ 1,202 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Loans Held for Borrower Notes Sale Total Balance at January 1, 2016 $ 297,273 $ (297,405 ) $ 32 $ (100 ) Originations 55,171 (55,273 ) 931,420 931,318 Principal repayments (40,986 ) 42,062 (4 ) 1,072 Borrower Loans sold to third parties (613 ) 582 (931,418 ) (931,449 ) Other changes (4 ) 157 - 153 Change in fair value (7,598 ) 7,520 - (78 ) Balance at March 31, 2016 $ 303,243 $ (302,357 ) $ 30 $ 916 Significant Unobservable Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for Prosper Funding's servicing asset/liability fair value measurements at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015: Range Unobservable Input March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Discount rate 15% - 25% 15% - 25% Default rate 1.1% - 15.3% 1.2% - 14.7% Prepayment rate 15.7% - 51.6% 14.3% - 25.6% Market servicing rate 0.625 % 0.625 % Loan Servicing Assets and Liabilities Activity: The following table presents additional information about Level 3 servicing assets and liabilities recorded at fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in thousands). Servicing Servicing Assets Liabilities Fair Value at January 1, 2016 13,605 484 Additions 4,021 9 Less: Changes in fair value (2,697 ) (95 ) Fair Value at March 31, 2016 14,929 398 Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Amortized Cost at January 1, 2015 3,116 624 Adjustment to Adopt Fair Value Measurement 399 (29 ) Fair Value at January 1, 2015 3,515 595 Additions 2,078 154 Less: Transfers to PMI (249 ) - Less: Changes in fair value (562 ) (81 ) Fair Value at March 31, 2015 4,782 668 Servicing Asset and Liability Fair Value Input Sensitivity: The following table presents the estimated impact on Prosper Funding’s estimated fair value of servicing assets and liabilities, calculated using different market servicing rates and different default rates as of March 31, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages). Servicing Assets Servicing Liabilities Market servicing rate assumptions 0.625 % 0.625 % Resulting fair value from: Market servicing rate increase to 0.65% 14,049 439 Market servicing rate decrease to 0.60% 16,250 358 Weighted average prepayment assumptions 21.35 % 21.35 % Resulting fair value from: Applying a 1.1 multiplier to default rate 14,632 376 Applying a 0.9 multiplier to default rate 15,230 392 Weighted average default assumptions 11.23 % 11.23 % Resulting fair value from: Applying a 1.1 multiplier to default rate 14,704 398 Applying a 0.9 multiplier to default rate 15,156 399 These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. |