SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and all wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries, after elimination of intercompany amounts. Significant investments in businesses, partnerships and limited liability companies in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but has the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for under the equity method. A controlling financial interest is one in which the Company has a majority voting interest or one in which the Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity in which it has an interest, the Company is required to make significant judgments with respect to various factors including, but not limited to, the Company’s ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, the rights and ability of other investors to participate in decisions affecting the economic performance of the entity, and kick-out rights, among others. Activities that significantly affect the economic performance of the entities in which the Company has an interest include, but are not limited to, establishing and modifying detailed business, development, marketing and sales plans, approving and modifying the project budget, approving design changes and associated overruns, if any, and approving project financing, among others. The Company has not consolidated any variable interest entity in which the Company does not also have voting control because it has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary since decisions to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s performance are shared by the joint venture partners. The consolidated financial statements include the results of GP/RM, a supplier in the precast concrete industry, and GLP Asphalt, LLC ("GLP"), an importer and distributor of liquid asphalt, which are owned 51 percent and 70 percent , respectively. These entities are consolidated because the Company holds a controlling financial interest through its majority ownership of the voting interests of the entities. The remaining interest in these entities is reported as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements. Profits, losses and cash distributions are allocated in accordance with the respective operating agreements. Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to: (i) asset impairments, including intangible assets and goodwill, (ii) litigation and contingencies, (iii) revenue recognition for long-term real estate developments and construction contracts, (iv) pension and postretirement estimates, and (v) income taxes. Future results could be materially affected if actual results differ from these estimates and assumptions. Customer Concentration: Grace derives a significant portion of Materials & Construction revenues from a limited customer base. For the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , revenue of approximately $67.7 million , $52.0 million , and $38.1 million , respectively, was generated directly and indirectly from projects administered by the City and County of Honolulu. For the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 , revenue of approximately $60.2 million , $50.1 million , and $80.8 million , respectively, was generated directly and indirectly from the State of Hawai`i, where Grace served as general contractor or subcontractor. Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. The Company carries these investments at cost, which approximates fair value. There were no outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit at December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Allowances for doubtful accounts are established by management based on estimates of collectability. Estimates of collectability are principally based on an evaluation of the current financial condition of the Company’s customers and their payment history, which are regularly monitored by the Company. The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts, included on the consolidated balance sheets as an offset to “Accounts receivable,” for the three years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 were as follows (in millions): Balance at Provision for Bad Debt Write-offs Balance at 2017 $1.0 $1.0 $(0.6) $1.4 2016 $1.7 $0.8 $(1.5) $1.0 2015 $1.7 $0.4 $(0.4) $1.7 Operating Cycle : The Company uses the duration of the construction contracts that range from one year to three years as its operating cycle for purposes of classifying assets and liabilities related to contracts. Accounts receivable and contracts retention collectible after one year related to the Materials & Construction segment are included in current assets in the consolidated balance sheets and amounted to $8.0 million and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. Accounts and contracts payable related to the Materials & Construction segment payable after one year are included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and amounted to $0.4 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. Inventories: Sugar inventories were stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or market value. Materials & supplies and Materials & Construction segment inventory are stated at the lower of cost (principally average cost, first-in, first-out basis) or market value. Inventories at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in millions): 2017 2016 Sugar inventories $ — $ 17.5 Asphalt 12.2 7.4 Processed rock, Portland cement, and sand 13.5 12.6 Work in progress 2.8 3.0 Retail merchandise 1.7 1.7 Parts, materials and supplies inventories 1.7 1.1 Total $ 31.9 $ 43.3 Property: Property is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Replacements, maintenance, and repairs that do not improve or extend asset lives are charged to expense as incurred. Upon acquiring commercial real estate that is deemed a business, the Company records land, buildings, leases above and below market, and other intangible assets based on their fair values. Costs related to due diligence are expensed as incurred. Depreciation: Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the units-of-production method for quarry production-related assets. Estimated useful lives of property are as follows: Classification Range of Life (in years) Building and improvements 10 to 40 Leasehold improvements 5 to 10 (lesser of useful life or lease term) Water, power and sewer systems 5 to 50 Rock crushing and asphalt plants 25 to 35 Machinery and equipment 2 to 35 Other property improvements 3 to 35 Real Estate Developments: Expenditures for real estate developments are capitalized during construction and are classified as real estate developments on the consolidated balance sheets. When construction is substantially complete, the costs are reclassified as either Real Estate Held for Sale or Property, based upon the Company’s intent to either sell the completed asset or to hold it as an investment property, respectively. Cash flows related to real estate developments are classified as either operating or investing activities, based upon the Company’s intention to sell the property or retain ownership of the property as an investment following completion of construction. For development projects, capitalized costs are allocated using the direct method for expenditures that are specifically associated with the unit being sold and the relative-sales-value method for expenditures that benefit the entire project. Capitalized development costs typically include costs related to land acquisition, grading, roads, water and sewage systems, landscaping, capitalized interest, and project amenities. Direct overhead costs incurred after the development project is substantially complete, such as utilities, maintenance and real estate taxes, are charged to selling, general and administrative expense as incurred. All indirect overhead costs are charged to selling, general and administrative costs as incurred. Capitalized Interest: Interest costs incurred in connection with significant expenditures for real estate developments, the construction of assets, or investments in real estate joint ventures are capitalized during the period in which activities necessary to get the asset ready for its intended use are in progress. Capitalization of interest is discontinued when the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalization of interest on investments in real estate joint ventures is recorded until the underlying investee commences its principal operations, which is typically when the investee has other-than-ancillary revenue generation. Total interest cost incurred was $26.4 million , $28.3 million , and $29.1 million in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Capitalized interest in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $0.9 million , $2.0 million , and $2.3 million , respectively, and was principally related to the Company's investment in The Collection, the Company’s Maui Business Park II, and Kamalani projects. Real Estate Assets Held for Sale: The Company separately classifies assets held for sale in its consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company has Hawai`i real estate developments and certain U.S. Mainland commercial properties that were classified as held for sale with a total net asset value of $67.4 million . Real estate investments to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amounts or estimated fair value, less costs to sell. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $22.4 million related to certain U.S. Mainland commercial properties assets. The following table summarizes the assets held for sale and liabilities related to the assets held for sale as of December 31, 2017 : Real Estate Developments $ 21.1 Property – Net 64.8 Other Assets 3.9 Total assets 89.8 Impairment of real estate assets (22.4 ) Real estate held for sale $ 67.4 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets: Long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for possible impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In such an evaluation, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset are compared with the amount recorded for the asset to determine if its carrying value is not recoverable. If this review determines that the recorded value will not be recovered, the amount recorded for the asset is reduced to estimated fair value. These asset impairment analyses are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply considerable judgments to, among others, estimates of the timing and amount of future cash flows, expected useful lives of the assets, uncertainty about future events, including changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance, changes in the use of the assets and ongoing costs of maintenance and improvements of the assets, and thus, the accounting estimates may change from period to period. If management uses different assumptions or if different conditions occur in future periods, A&B’s financial condition or its future operating results could be materially impacted. During the fourth quarter of 2017 , the Company recorded aggregate impairment charges of $22.4 million related to certain of its U.S. Mainland commercial properties that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2017 . During the fourth quarter of 2016 , as a result of a change in its strategy for development activities, the Company recorded non-cash impairment charges of $11.7 million related to certain non-active, long-term development projects. The impairment loss recorded reduced the carrying amounts to the estimated fair value, reflecting the change to the Company’s development-for-sale strategy to de-risk its portfolio by not pursuing certain long-term projects that were not in active development and instead focus on projects with a short-term lifespan, generally 3 to 5 years . The impairment charges are presented within Impairment of real estate assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. There were no material long-lived asset impairment charges recorded in 2015 . Impairment of Investments: The Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates are reviewed for impairment whenever there is evidence that fair value may be below carrying cost. An investment is written down to fair value if fair value is below carrying cost and the impairment is believed to be other-than-temporary. In evaluating the fair value of an investment and whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary, significant estimates and considerable judgments are involved. These estimates and judgments are based, in part, on the Company’s current and future evaluation of economic conditions in general, as well as a joint venture’s current and future plans. Additionally, these impairment calculations are highly subjective because they also require management to make assumptions and apply judgments to estimates regarding the timing and amount of future cash flows that may consider various factors, including sales prices, development costs, market conditions and absorption rates, probabilities related to various cash flow scenarios, and appropriate discount rates based on the perceived risks, among others. In evaluating whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers all available information, including the length of time and extent of the impairment, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the affiliate, the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value, and projected industry and economic trends, among others. Changes in these and other assumptions could affect the projected operational results and fair value of the unconsolidated affiliates, and accordingly, may require valuation adjustments to the Company’s investments that may materially impact the Company’s financial condition or its future operating results. For example, if current market conditions deteriorate significantly or a joint venture’s plans change materially, impairment charges may be required in future periods, and those charges could be material. Weakness in particular real estate markets, difficulty in obtaining or renewing project-level financing or development approvals, and changes in the Company’s development strategy, among other factors, may affect the value or feasibility of certain development projects owned by the Company or by its joint ventures and could lead to additional impairment charges in the future. Fair Value Measurements: The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and short-term borrowings approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s debt at December 31, 2017 was $631.2 million and $642.3 million , respectively, and $515.1 million and $529.3 million at December 31, 2016 , respectively. The fair value of debt is calculated by discounting the future cash flows of the debt at rates based on instruments with similar risk, terms and maturities as compared to the Company’s existing debt arrangements (level 2). FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820), as amended, establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy places the highest priority on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and assigns the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of inputs within the hierarchy are defined as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. If the technique used to measure fair value includes inputs from multiple levels of the fair value hierarchy, the lowest level of significant input determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy. The Company's U.S. Mainland commercial properties as well as the Company's non-active long-term development projects that were impaired during each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, represent assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to their initial recognition. The Company estimated the fair values of these long-lived assets based on the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the real estate assets and available, observable market data. The Company classified these fair value measurements as Level 3 inputs. After the impairment charges recorded, the aggregate carrying value of the impaired U.S. Mainland commercial properties was $46.3 million , and the aggregate carrying value of the non-active, long-term development projects were not material. Intangible Assets: Intangible assets are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as other non-current assets and are related to the acquisition of commercial properties. Intangible assets acquired in 2017 and 2016 were as follows: 2017 2016 Amount Weighted Average Life (Years) Amount Weighted Average Life (Years) In-place/favorable leases $ 0.3 1.6 $ 8.5 7.0 Intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 included the following (in millions): 2017 2016 In-place leases $ 70.2 $ 69.9 Favorable leases 17.9 17.9 Permitted quarry rights 18.0 18.0 Contract backlog 2.6 2.6 Trade name/customer relationships 2.2 2.2 Accumulated amortization (64.0 ) (56.8 ) Total assets $ 46.9 $ 53.8 Aggregate intangible asset amortization was $6.0 million , $9.2 million , and $10.5 million for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Estimated amortization expenses related to intangible assets over the next five years are as follows (in millions): Estimated 2018 $ 5.4 2019 $ 4.5 2020 $ 3.6 2021 $ 3.1 2022 $ 2.9 Goodwill: The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The goodwill impairment test estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using various methodologies, including discounted cash flows and market multiples. The discounted cash flow approach relies on a number of assumptions, including future macroeconomic conditions, market factors specific to the reporting unit, the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows to be generated by the business over an extended period of time, long-term growth rates for the business, and a discount rate that considers the risks related to the amount and timing of the cash flows, among others. Under the market multiple methodology, the estimate of fair value is based on market multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) or revenues. When using market multiples of EBITDA or revenues, the Company must make judgments about the comparability of those multiples in closed and proposed transactions and comparability of multiples for guideline companies. If the results of the Company's test indicates that a reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the Company's reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in millions): Materials & Construction Commercial Real Estate Total Balance, January 1, 2016 $ 93.6 $ 8.7 $ 102.3 Changes to goodwill — — — Balance, December 31, 2016 93.6 8.7 102.3 Changes to goodwill — — — Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 93.6 $ 8.7 $ 102.3 Revenue Recognition: The Company has a wide variety of revenue sources, including sales of real estate, commercial property rentals, material sales, paving construction, and the sales of raw sugar and molasses. Before recognizing revenue, the Company assesses the underlying terms of the transaction to ensure that recognition meets the requirements of relevant accounting standards. In general, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the service or product has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Sales of Real Estate Revenue Recognition: Sales of real estate revenue involve proceeds from the sale of a variety of real estate development inventory. Real estate development inventory may include industrial lots, residential lots, agricultural lots, condominium units, single-family homes and multi-family homes. Sales are recorded when the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the buyers (generally on closing dates), adequate initial and continuing investments have been received, and collection of remaining balances, if any, is reasonably assured. For certain development projects that have continuing post-closing involvement and for which total revenue and capital costs are reasonably estimable, the Company uses the percentage-of-completion method for revenue recognition. Under this method, the amount of revenue recognized is based on development costs that have been incurred through the reporting period as a percentage of total expected development cost associated with the development project. This generally results in a stabilized gross margin percentage, but requires significant judgment and estimates. Commercial Real Estate Revenue Recognition: Commercial Real Estate revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases, including periods for which no rent is due (typically referred to as “rent holidays”). Differences between revenues recognized and amounts due under respective lease agreements are recorded as increases or decreases, as applicable, to deferred rent receivable. Also included in rental revenue are certain tenant reimbursements and percentage rents determined in accordance with the terms of the leases. Income arising from tenant rents that are contingent upon the sales of the tenant exceeding a defined threshold are recognized only after the contingency has been resolved (i.e., sales thresholds have been achieved). Construction Contracts and Related Products Revenue Recognition : Grace generates revenue primarily from material sales and paving contracts. The recognition of revenue is based on the underlying terms of the transaction. Materials: Revenues from material sales, which include basalt aggregate, liquid asphalt and hot mix asphalt, are recognized when title to the product and risk of loss passes to third parties (generally this occurs when the product is picked up by customers or their agents) and when collection is reasonably assured. Construction: A majority of paving contracts is performed for Hawai`i state, federal, and county governments. Unit price contracts, which comprise a significant portion of Grace's paving contracts, require Grace to provide line-item deliverables at fixed unit prices based on approved quantities irrespective of Grace’s actual per unit costs. Earnings on unit price contracts are recognized as quantities are delivered. Lump sum contracts require that the total amount of work be performed for a single price irrespective of actual quantities or Grace’s actual costs. Earnings on fixed-price paving contracts are generally recognized using the percentage-of-completion method with progress toward completion measured on the basis of unit cost of work completed as of a specific date to an estimate of the total unit cost of work to be delivered under each contract. Grace uses this method as its management considers this to be the best available measure of progress on contracts. Contracts in progress are reviewed regularly, and sales and earnings may be adjusted based on revisions to assumption and estimates, including, but not limited to, revisions to job performance, job site conditions, changes to the scope of work, estimated contract costs, progress toward completion, changes in internal and external factors or conditions and final contract settlement. Selling, general and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses become evident. Sugar and Molasses Revenue Recognition: Revenue from sugar sales is recorded when title to the product and risk of loss passes to third parties (generally this occurs when the product is shipped or delivered to customers) and when collection is reasonably assured. Agricultural Costs: Costs of growing and harvesting sugar cane are charged to the cost of inventory in the year incurred and to cost of sales as sugar is sold. Discontinued Operations: On December 31, 2015, due to continuing and significant operating losses stemming from low sugar prices and poor production levels, the Company determined it would cease sugar operations at its Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company (“HC&S”) division on Maui upon completion of its final harvest in 2016. HC&S completed its harvest in December 2016, and the Company ceased its sugar operations (the "Cessation"). As a result, the Company concluded that its sugar operations met the requirements to be reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. See Note 4, "Discontinued Operations" for additional detail. Employee Benefit Plans: The Company provides a wide range of benefits to existing employees and retired employees, including single-employer defined benefit plans, postretirement, defined contribution plans, post-employment and health care benefits. The Company records amounts relating to these plans based on various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost trend rates. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current economic conditions and trends. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the Company’s plans, which are presented in Note 11, “Employee Benefit Plans,” are reasonable based on its experience and on advice from its independent actuaries; however, differences in actual experience or changes in the assumptions may materially affect the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Share-Based Compensation: The Company records compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors. The Company’s various equity plans are more fully described in Note 13, "Share-Based Awards." Redeemable Non-controlling Interest: Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries that are redeemable for cash or other assets outside of the Company’s control are classified as mezzanine equity, outside of equity and liabilities, and are adjusted to fair value on each balance sheet date. The resulting changes in fair value of the estimated redemption amount, increases or decreases, are recorded with corresponding adjustments against retained earnings or, in the absence of retained earnings, common stock. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”): Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed and disclosed in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 260, Earnings Per Share . The Company utilizes the two-class method to compute earnings available to common shareholders. Under the two-class method, earnings are adjusted by accretion amounts to redeemable noncontrolling interests recorded at redemption value. The adjustments represent in-substance dividend distributions to the noncontrolling interest holder as the holder has a contractual right to receive a specified amount upon redemption. As a result, earnings are adjusted to reflect this in-substance distribution that is different from other common shareholders. In addition, the Company allocates net earnings to each class of common stock and participating security as if all of the net earnings for the period had been distributed. The Company's participating securities consist of time-based restricted unit awards that contain a non-forfeitable right to receive dividends and, therefore, are considered to participate in earnings with common shareholders. Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings allocable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, as adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of non-participating share-based awards. Additionally, as the deadline for the common shareholders' election was January 12, 2018, subsequent to December 31, 2017, the total Special Distribution of $783 million (approximately $15.92 per share) was included in the computation of the Company's diluted earnings (loss) per share. Income Taxes: The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are applied in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are adjusted to the extent necessary to reflect tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Adjustments may be required to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities due to changes in tax laws and audit adjustments by tax authorities. To the extent adjustments are required in any given period, the adjustments would be included within the tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company records a liability for uncertain tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold. The Company did not have material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 . The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit from its state nonrefundable energy tax credit carryforward will not be realized. Consequently, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $6.9 million on the deferred tax asset relating to this credit carryforward. If our assumptions change and the Company determines that it will be able to realize the credit, the tax benefits relating to any reversal of the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets will be recognized as a reduction in income tax expense. The Company accounts for tax credits related to its investments in KRS II and Waihonu using the flow-through method, which reduces the provision for income taxes in the year the tax credits first become available. Comprehensive Income (Loss): Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity, except those resulting from transactions with shareholders and net income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) principally includes amortization of deferred pension and postr |