March 28, 2014
VIA EDGAR AND EMAIL
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Investment Management
100 F Street, N.E.
Mailstop 4720, Washington, D.C. 20549
Attn.: Mr. Vincent J. Di Stefano, Senior Counsel, and Ms. Stephanie D. Hui
Re: | ClearBridge Energy MLP Total Return Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form N-2, File |
| Numbers 811-22693 & 333-191067 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
On behalf of ClearBridge Energy MLP Total Return Fund Inc. (the “Fund”), we are providing the following responses to comments received by telephone from the staff of the Commission (the “Staff”) on March 26, 2014, relating to post-effective amendment no. 1 to the registration statement of the Fund, which was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on February 21, 2014, pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) (the “Registration Statement”). For convenience of reference, the comments of the Staff have been reproduced herein. Please note that all page numbers in our responses are references to the page numbers of the changed pages to the Registration Statement. All capitalized terms used but not defined in this letter have the meanings given to them in the Registration Statement.
In addition, please find attached as Annex A hereto changed pages to the above referenced post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting our proposed responses to the comments of the Staff. The Fund undertakes to include these responses in a filing pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act.
Lastly, the Fund is requesting acceleration of the effective date of the Registration Statement to 10:00 a.m., April 1, 2014, or as soon as thereafter as practicable.
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Response Letter
Prospectus
Summary
Investment Strategies
| 1. | The use of commas in the disclosure related to the Fund’s investments in MLPs is confusing because it is unclear if the addition of exchange-traded funds is part of the list of investments or a continuation of the language “including I-shares.” |
In response to the Staff’s comment, to clarify that exchange-traded funds are part of the list of investments, the phrase “including I-shares” was put in parentheses on page 3 and elsewhere.
| 2. | We note ClearBridge Energy MLP Fund Inc. and ClearBridge MLP Opportunity Fund Inc., sister funds of the Fund, consider a company to be in the energy sector if it derives at least 50% of its revenue from energy activities. Why does the Fund not have a similar restriction? |
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Fund and its sister fund, ClearBridge American Energy MLP Fund Inc., consider companies engaged in the enumerated activities to be energy companies and do not require a revenue test to determine if a company is an energy company. This has been the Fund’s practice since its inception.
Tax Considerations
| 3. | We note that language from the Fund’s latest prospectus relating to the expectation that a significant portion of distributions to Common Stockholders will constitute non-taxable return of capital has been removed. Please explain the reason for this removal. |
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Fund notes that 100% of its sister fund’s prior year dividends were taxable dividends, not return of capital. This resulted from the sale of assets and the associated realization of capital gains. The capital gains were enhanced by the fact that the sister fund had been receiving return of capital distributions on its MLP investments, causing its basis in these investments to be substantially reduced. The Fund may sell investments in the future resulting in similar outcomes as its sister fund. Therefore, the Fund believes the referenced disclosure should be removed.
Distributions
| 4. | Please update the amount of distributions paid. |
In response to the Staff’s comment, this amount has been updated on page 12.
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Special Risk Considerations
| 5. | Please add a risk related to investments in exchange-traded funds. |
In response to the Staff’s comment, specific risks related to investments in exchange-traded funds (and other investment companies) has been added to the general equity investment risk factor on pages 16, 17 and 60.
| 6. | Please disclose the Fund’s actual turnover rate in the portfolio turnover risk factor. |
In response to the Staff’s comment, the actual portfolio turnover of the Fund for its latest fiscal year has been added to pages 39 and 75.
Summary of Fund Expenses
| 7. | If the Fund intends to invest in exchange-traded funds, please add an acquired fund fee line item in the Fund’s summary of fund expenses. |
The Fund may, but has no current intention to, invest in exchange-traded funds. Because the Fund does not currently expect to invest in exchange-traded funds or other investment companies, the Fund respectfully submits that the acquired fund fee is not necessary. Disclosure has been added on page 53 clarifying that the Fund has no current intention to invest in exchange-traded funds.
| 8. | We note that deferred income tax and current income tax are combined into one line item. Please explain why this. |
The Fund is showing its tax expense on one line item for simplicity and to conform to the Fund’s Statement of Operations and Financial Highlights.
The Fund’s Investments
Additional Investment Activities
| 9. | We note the Fund may treat investments in derivatives toward its requirement to have 80% of its assets invested in Energy MLPs. Please clarify the Fund values such investments at market value. |
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Fund has added disclosure on page 53, to go along with the disclosure on page 10, clarifying this point.
Statement of Additional Information
Investment Policies and Techniques
| 10. | The language describing the segregation of assets for futures and assets is not clear. Please revise. |
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Fund has revised the language on page 20 of the SAI.
* * * *
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Included as Annex A to this letter is a copy of the changed pages reflecting cumulative changes in response to the Staff’s comments from the initial filing of the post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement filed with the Commission on February 21, 2014. Please note that the Fund expects to make other updates and non-material changes for the Fund’s final prospectus filing.
In connection with the above-referenced filing, the Fund hereby acknowledges that:
1. The Fund is responsible for the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in the filing;
2. Staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to Staff comments in the filing reviewed by the Staff do not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to the filing; and
3. The Fund may not assert Staff comments as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United States.
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Acceleration Request
The Fund, pursuant to Rule 461 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, hereby requests that the effective date of the above-referenced Registration Statement on Form N-2 be accelerated so that the Registration Statement may become effective at 10:00 am, Eastern Standard Time, on April 1, 2014, or as soon thereafter as practicable.
The Registrant hereby acknowledges that:
| • | | should the Commission or its staff, acting pursuant to delegated authority, declare the above-referenced Registration Statement effective, it does not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to the Registration Statement; |
| • | | the action of the Commission or its staff, acting pursuant to delegated authority, in declaring the Registration Statement effective, does not relieve the Registrant from its full responsibility for the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in the Registration Statement; and |
| • | | the Registrant may not assert staff comments and the declaration of effectiveness as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United States. |
Please call Sarah Cogan (212-455-3575) or Benjamin Wells (212-455-3566) with any questions you may have regarding this filing or if you wish to discuss the above responses.
| | |
Very truly yours, |
|
/s/ SIMPSON THACHER & BARTLETT LLP |
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Annex A
| proceeds received by the Fund’s Common Stockholder and the holder’s United States federal income tax basis in the Common Stock sold, as adjusted to reflect returns of capital. |
Derivatives | Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to individual debt or equity instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The Fund may enter into derivative transactions, such as interest rate swaps, options contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on futures contracts and indexed securities for investment, hedging and risk management purposes; provided that the Fund’s exposure to derivative instruments, as measured by the total notional amount of all such instruments, will not exceed 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets. To the extent that the security or index underlying the derivative or synthetic instrument is or is composed of securities of energy MLPs, the Fund will include such derivative and synthetic instruments, at market value, for the purposes of the Fund’s 80% policy. The Fund may sell certain securities short. |
| Certain portfolio management techniques, such as writing futures contracts, engaging in short sales or writing options on portfolio securities, may be considered senior securities for the purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), unless appropriate steps are taken to segregate the Fund’s assets or otherwise cover its obligations. ClearBridge intends to cover the Fund’s commitment with respect to such techniques should the Fund enter into or engage in one or more of such techniques. To the extent the Fund uses such techniques, the Fund expects to cover its commitment with respect to such techniques by segregating liquid assets, entering into offsetting transactions or owning positions covering its obligations, the instrument will not be considered a senior security for the purposes of the 1940 Act. The Fund may cover such transactions using other methods currently or in the future permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or orders issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) thereunder. For these purposes, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account when deemed appropriate by the Fund. These segregation and coverage requirements could result in the Fund maintaining securities positions that it would otherwise liquidate, segregating assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restricting portfolio management. Such segregation and coverage requirements will not limit or offset losses on related positions. |
| Derivative instruments can be illiquid, may disproportionately increase losses, and may have a potentially large impact on Fund performance. See “The Fund’s Investments—Additional Investment Activities—Derivatives” and “Risks—Derivatives Risk.” |
Distributions | Under normal market conditions, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of the Fund’s distributable cash flow received as cash distributions from MLPs, interest payments received on debt |
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| securities owned by the Fund and other payments on securities owned by the Fund, less Fund expenses. |
| As of the date of this Prospectus, we have paid distributions to Common Stockholders every fiscal quarter since inception. Cumulative distributions paid since inception total $2.30 per share (inclusive of the distribution paid to our Common Stockholders on February 28, 2014). We intend to continue to pay quarterly distributions to our Common Stockholders. Payment of future distributions is subject to approval by our Board of Directors, as well as meeting the covenants under our credit facilities and the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act. See “Distributions.” |
| Unless a Common Stockholder elects to receive distributions in cash (i.e., opt out), all Common Stock distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of Common Stock under the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan. See “Distributions” and “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.” |
Investment Manager | LMPFA is the Fund’s investment manager. LMPFA, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason Inc. (“Legg Mason”), is a registered investment adviser and supervises the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio by ClearBridge. In addition, LMPFA performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of the Fund, such as (1) supervising the overall administration of the Fund, including negotiation of contracts and fees with and the monitoring of performance and billings of the Fund’s transfer agent, stockholder servicing agents, custodian and other independent contractors or agents; (2) providing certain compliance, Fund accounting, regulatory reporting and tax reporting services; (3) preparing or participating in the preparation of Board materials, registration statements, proxy statements and reports and other communications to stockholders; (4) maintaining the Fund’s existence and (5) during such times as shares are publicly offered, maintaining the registration and qualification of the Fund’s shares under federal and state laws. As of December 31, 2013, LMPFA’s total assets under management were approximately $225.4 billion. Legg Mason is a global asset management firm. As of December 31, 2013, Legg Mason’s asset management operation had aggregate assets under management of approximately $679.5 billion. |
| LMPFA receives an annual fee, payable monthly, in an amount equal to 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets. |
Subadviser | ClearBridge is the Fund’s subadviser. ClearBridge, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason, is a registered investment adviser and is responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund subject to the supervision of the Fund’s Board of Directors and LMPFA. As of December 31, 2013, ClearBridge’s total assets under management were approximately $86.2 billion. |
| ClearBridge receives an annual subadvisory fee, payable monthly, from LMPFA in an amount equal to 70% of the management fee paid |
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| revenue. Similarly, certain MLPs in which the Fund invests or may invest in the future depend upon a limited number of suppliers of goods or services to continue their operations. The loss of any such customers or suppliers could materially adversely affect such MLPs’ results of operations and cash flow, and their ability to make distributions to unit holders, such as the Fund, would therefore be materially adversely affected. |
| Affiliated Party Risk. Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. If their parent or sponsor entities fail to make such payments or satisfy their obligations, the revenues and cash flows of such MLPs and ability of such MLPs to make distributions to unit holders, such as the Fund, would be adversely affected. |
| Equity Securities Risk. A substantial percentage of the Fund’s assets are invested in equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP preferred units, equity securities of MLP affiliates, including I-Shares, and common stocks of other issuers. Equity risk is the risk that MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund will fall due to general market or economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, changes in interest rates, and the particular circumstances and performance of particular companies whose securities the Fund holds. The price of an equity security of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market, or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the equity securities held by the Fund. In addition, MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund may decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated distributions or dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer experiences a decline in its financial condition. |
| MLP subordinated units typically are convertible to MLP common units at a one-to-one ratio. The price of MLP subordinated units is typically tied to the price of the corresponding MLP common unit, less a discount. The size of the discount depends upon a variety of factors, including the likelihood of conversion, the length of time remaining until conversion and the size of the block of subordinated units being purchased or sold. |
| I-Shares represent an indirect investment in MLP I-units. Prices and volatilities of I-Shares tend to correlate to the price of common units. Holders of I-Shares are subject to the same risks as holders of MLP common units. In addition, I-Shares may trade less frequently, particularly those of issuers with smaller capitalizations. Given their potential for limited trading volume, I-Shares may display volatile or erratic price movements. In addition, I-Shares often may be subordinated in terms of liquidation rights to MLP common units. |
| If the Fund invests in equity securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses, and |
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| affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and accounts. For example, a portfolio manager may determine that it would be in the interest of another account to sell a security that the Fund holds, potentially resulting in a decrease in the market value of the security held by the Fund. |
| The portfolio managers may also engage in cross trades between funds and accounts, may select brokers or dealers to execute securities transactions based in part on brokerage and research services provided to LMPFA or ClearBridge which may not benefit all funds and accounts equally and may receive different amounts of financial or other benefits for managing different funds and accounts. Finally, LMPFA or its affiliates may provide more services to some types of funds and accounts than others. |
| There is no guarantee that the policies and procedures adopted by LMPFA, ClearBridge and the Fund will be able to identify or mitigate the conflicts of interest that arise between the Fund and any other investment funds or accounts that LMPFA and/or ClearBridge may manage or advise from time to time. For further information on potential conflicts of interest, see “Portfolio Managers—Potential Conflicts of Interest” in the SAI. |
| Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Middle East and terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world may result in market volatility, may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The Fund does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by these events and cannot predict the effects of these events or similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. The wars and occupation, terrorism and related geopolitical risks have led, and may in the future lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events also could have an acute effect on individual issuers or related groups of issuers. These risks also could adversely affect individual issuers and securities markets, interest rates, secondary trading, ratings, credit risk, inflation, deflation and other factors relating to the Fund’s investments and the market value and net asset value of the Common Stock. |
| Portfolio Turnover.The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate was 25% in 2013 and may vary greatly from year to year. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the Fund’s recognition of gains that will be taxable to the Fund. Such gains will generally also increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, possibly resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as a dividend to the Common Stockholders. |
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| (2) | Calculated as of the quarter-end closing sales price divided by the quarter-end net asset value. |
On February 14, 2014, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on the NYSE was $22.15 which represented a discount of approximately 5.86% to the net asset value per share reported by us on that date.
As of February 14, 2014, we had approximately 38.3 million shares of Common Stock outstanding and we had net assets applicable to Common Stockholders of approximately $901 million.
THE FUND’S INVESTMENTS
Investment Objective
The Fund’s investment objective is to provide a high level of total return, consisting of cash distributions and capital appreciation. There can be no assurance the Fund will achieve its investment objective or earn a return on its assets, and you could lose some or all of your investment.
This section provides additional information about the Fund’s investments and certain portfolio management techniques the Fund may use. More information about the Fund’s investments and portfolio management techniques and the associated risks is included in the SAI.
Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets in securities of energy MLPs. For purposes of the 80% policy, the Fund considers investments in MLPs to include investments that offer economic exposure to public and private MLPs in the form of MLP equity securities, securities of entities holding primarily general partner or managing member interests in MLPs, securities that are derivatives of interests in MLPs (including I-Shares), exchange-traded funds that primarily hold MLP interests and debt securities of MLPs. Energy entities are engaged in the business of exploring, developing, producing, gathering, transporting, processing, storing, refining, distributing, mining or marketing natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products or coal. For as long as “Energy MLP” is in the name of the Fund, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in energy MLPs. The Fund may not change its policy to invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in energy MLPs unless it provides stockholders with at least 60 days’ written notice of such change.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities of issuers that are not MLPs. This 20% allocation may be in any of the securities described in this Prospectus and the SAI. Such issuers may be treated as corporations for United States federal income tax purposes and, therefore, may not offer the tax benefits of investing in MLPs described in this Prospectus.
The Fund may invest up to 30% of its Managed Assets in unregistered or otherwise restricted securities. “Restricted securities” are securities that are unregistered, held by control persons of the issuer or subject to contractual restrictions on resale. In connection with its investments in restricted securities generally, the Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in restricted securities issued by non-public companies.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in debt securities of MLPs and other issuers, including both investment grade debt securities and debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s, BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch, comparably rated by another NRSRO, or, if unrated, as determined by ClearBridge to be of comparable credit quality.
Selection of Investments
An MLP’s total return consists of two parts: distributions paid and capital appreciation. Presently, ClearBridge believes the market often inefficiently values MLPs by overemphasizing the importance of current yield and undervaluing the impact of distribution growth. MLPs’ distribution growth rates have historically varied widely, a trend that ClearBridge believes will continue in the future. ClearBridge also believes that distribution growth is the primary driver for MLP investment capital appreciation. A focus on MLP’s with higher distribution growth rates, therefore, can help the Fund deliver attractive current distributions and offer the potential for above-average total returns.
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opposite exposure to the same underlying instrument. To the extent that the security or index underlying the derivative or synthetic instrument is or is composed of securities of energy MLPs, the Fund will include such derivative and synthetic instruments, at market value, for the purposes of the Fund’s 80% policy. The Fund may sell certain equity securities short for investment and/or hedging purposes. See “Risks—Derivatives Risk.” The Fund may use any or all of these techniques at any time, and the use of any particular derivative transaction will depend on market conditions. Additional information on the derivative transactions that the Fund may use is included in the SAI. The Fund’s ability to pursue certain of these strategies may be limited by applicable regulations of the CFTC, SEC, or other applicable regulators.
The Fund is operated by persons who have claimed an exclusion, granted to operators of registered investment companies like the Fund, from registration as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), and, therefore, are not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund under the CEA. As a result, effective December 31, 2012, the Fund is limited in its ability to use commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indexes and interest rate futures) (collectively, “commodity interests”) or options on commodity futures, engage in certain swaps transactions or make certain other investments (whether directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles) for purposes other than “bona fide hedging,” as defined in the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. With respect to transactions other than for bona fide hedging purposes, either: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Fund’s positions in such investments may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the futures, options or swaps markets.
The Fund may use interest rate swaps for hedging purposes only and not as a speculative investment and would typically use interest rate swaps to shorten the average interest rate reset time of the Fund’s holdings. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments). The Fund will only enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the interest rate swap, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. If the other party to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements will be maintained in a segregated account by the Fund’s custodian. The Fund will not enter into any interest rate swap unless the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be investment grade by ClearBridge. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may or may not be limited by applicable bankruptcy, receivership, or other insolvency laws. These instruments are traded in the over-the-counter market, though in the future may be required to be traded through a derivatives clearing organization and/or a swap execution facility.
The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investment directly in securities and other more traditional investments.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund may, but has no current intention to, invest in securities of other closed-end or open-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds, that invest primarily in MLP entities in which the Fund may invest directly to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest in other investment companies during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of the offering of its securities, during periods when there is a shortage of attractive MLP securities available in the market, or when ClearBridge believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values. The Fund may invest in investment companies that are advised by ClearBridge or its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or
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Affiliated Party Risk
Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. Were their parent or sponsor entities to fail to make such payments or satisfy their obligations, the revenues and cash flows of such MLPs and ability of such MLPs to make distributions to unit holders, such as the Fund, would be adversely affected.
Equity Securities Risk
A substantial percentage of the Fund’s assets are invested in equity securities, including MLP common units, MLP subordinated units, MLP preferred units, equity securities of MLP affiliates, including I-Shares, and common stocks of other issuers. Equity risk is the risk that MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund will fall due to general market or economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, changes in interest rates, and the particular circumstances and performance of particular companies whose securities the Fund holds. The price of an equity security of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market, or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the equity securities held by the Fund. In addition, MLP units or other equity securities held by the Fund may decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated distributions or dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer experiences a decline in its financial condition.
MLP subordinated units typically are convertible to MLP common units at a one-to-one ratio. The price of MLP subordinated units is typically tied to the price of the corresponding MLP common unit, less a discount. The size of the discount depends upon a variety of factors, including the likelihood of conversion, the length of time remaining until conversion and the size of the block of subordinated units being purchased or sold.
I-Shares represent an indirect investment in MLP I-units. Prices and volatilities of I-Shares tend to correlate to the price of common units. Holders of I-Shares are subject to the same risks as holders of MLP common units. In addition, I-Shares may trade less frequently, particularly those of issuers with smaller capitalizations. Given their potential for limited trading volume, I-Shares may display volatile or erratic price movements. In addition, I-Shares often may be subordinated in terms of liquidation rights to MLP common units.
If the Fund invests in equity securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses, and Common Stockholders would remain subject to payment of the Fund’s investment management fees with respect to the assets so invested. Common Stockholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies.
Energy Sector Risks
MLPs and other entities operating in the energy sector are subject to many operating risks, including: equipment failure causing outages; structural, maintenance, impairment and safety problems; transmission or transportation constraints, inoperability or inefficiencies; dependence on a specified fuel source; changes in electricity and fuel usage; availability of competitively priced alternative energy sources; changes in generation efficiency and market heat rates; lack of sufficient capital to maintain facilities; significant capital expenditures to keep older assets operating efficiently; seasonality; changes in supply and demand for energy; catastrophic and/or weather-related events such as spills, leaks, well blowouts, uncontrollable flows, ruptures, fires, explosions, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, discharges of toxic gases and similar occurrences; storage, handling, disposal and decommissioning costs; and environmental compliance. Breakdown or failure of an energy company’s assets may prevent it from performing under applicable sales agreements, which in certain situations, could result in termination of the agreement or incurring a liability for liquidated damages. As a result of the above risks and other potential hazards associated with energy companies, certain companies may become exposed to significant liabilities for which they may not have adequate insurance coverage. Any of the aforementioned risks could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of energy companies.
Because the Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets in energy MLPs, concentration in the energy sector may present more risks than if the Fund were broadly diversified over numerous sectors of the economy. A downturn
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worldwide. The Fund does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by these events and cannot predict the effects of these events or similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. The wars and occupation, terrorism and related geopolitical risks have led, and may in the future lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Those events also could have an acute effect on individual issuers or related groups of issuers. These risks also could adversely affect individual issuers and securities markets, interest rates, secondary trading, ratings, credit risk, inflation, deflation and other factors relating to the Fund’s investments and the market value and net asset value of the Common Stock.
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate was 25% in 2013 and may vary greatly from year to year. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the Fund’s recognition of gains that will be taxable to the Fund. Such gains will generally also increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, possibly resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as a dividend to the Common Stockholders.
Government Intervention in Financial Markets Risk
The recent instability in the financial markets has led the U.S. government and foreign governments to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity. U.S. federal and state governments and foreign governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities, in ways that are unforeseeable Issuers of corporate fixed income securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. ClearBridge monitors developments and seeks to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objective, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so.
Temporary Defensive Strategies Risk
When ClearBridge anticipates unusual market or other conditions, the Fund may temporarily depart from its primary investment strategy as a defensive measure and invest all or a portion of its assets in cash, obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; other investment grade debt securities; investment grade commercial paper; certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances; or any other fixed income securities that ClearBridge considers consistent with this strategy. To the extent that the Fund invests defensively, it may not achieve its investment objective.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the 1940 Act. As a result, it can invest a greater portion of its assets in obligations of a single issuer than a “diversified” fund. The Fund may therefore be more susceptible than a diversified fund to being adversely affected by any single corporate, economic, political or regulatory occurrence. See “The Fund’s Investments.”
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The Fund’s Articles and By-Laws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to an open-end fund. These provisions could have the effect of depriving Common Stockholders of opportunities to sell their Common Stock at a premium over the then-current market price of the Common Stock.
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund’s investment objective is to provide a high level of total return, consisting of cash distributions and capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets (as defined in the Prospectus) in energy MLPs (the “80% policy”). For purposes of the 80% policy, the Fund considers investments in MLPs to include investments that offer economic exposure to public and private MLPs in the form of MLP equity securities, securities of entities holding primarily general partner or managing member interests in MLPs, securities that are derivatives of interests in MLPs (including I-Shares), exchange-traded funds that primarily hold MLP interests and debt securities of MLPs. Energy entities are engaged in the business of exploring, developing, producing, gathering, transporting, processing, storing, refining, distributing, mining or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products or coal.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective or earn a return on its assets, and you could lose some or all of your investment.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The following restrictions, along with the Fund’s investment objective, are the Fund’s only fundamental policies—that is, policies that cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the foregoing, a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities” means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares. The other policies and investment restrictions are not fundamental polices of the Fund and may be changed by the Fund’s Board without stockholder approval. Except with respect to the Fund’s ability to borrow under subparagraph (7) below, if a percentage restriction set forth below is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation. Under its fundamental restrictions, the Fund may not:
(1) issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by (i) the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, the SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority;
(2) make loans to other persons, except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority;
(3) underwrite the securities of other issuers, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), in connection with the sale and purchase of portfolio securities;
(4) invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in any one industry provided that such limitation shall not be applicable to industries in the energy sector and obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities;
(5) purchase or sell real estate or interests therein other than corporate securities secured by real estate or interests therein;
(6) purchase or sell commodities, commodity futures contracts or commodity options except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority; and
(7) borrow money, except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
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INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s investment objective, policies, and techniques that are described in the Prospectus.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets (as defined in the Prospectus) in energy MLPs (the “80% policy”). For purposes of the 80% policy, the Fund considers investments in MLPs to include investments that offer economic exposure to public and private MLPs in the form of MLP equity securities, securities of entities holding primarily general partner or managing member interests in MLPs, securities that are derivatives of interests in MLPs (including I-Shares), exchange-traded funds that primarily hold MLP interests and debt securities of MLPs. Energy entities are engaged in the business of exploring, developing, producing, gathering, transporting, processing, storing, refining, distributing, mining or marketing natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products or coal. For as long as “Energy MLP” is in the name of the Fund, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in energy MLPs. The Fund may not change its policy to invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in energy MLPs unless it provides stockholders with at least 60 days’ written notice of such change.
ClearBridge continues to believe that certain investors place too much emphasis on current distribution rates and do not effectively value an MLP’s prospects for distribution growth. MLPs’ distribution growth rates have historically varied widely, a trend that ClearBridge believes will continue in the future. ClearBridge also believes that distribution growth is the primary driver for MLP investment capital appreciation. A focus on MLP’s with higher distribution growth rates, therefore, can help the Fund deliver attractive current distributions and offer the potential for above average total returns.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities of issuers that are not MLPs. This 20% allocation may be in any of the securities described in the Prospectus and the SAI. Such issuers may be treated as corporations for United States federal income tax purposes and, therefore, may not offer the tax benefits of investing in MLPs described in the Prospectus.
The Fund may invest up to 30% of its Managed Assets in unregistered or otherwise restricted securities. “Restricted securities” are securities that are unregistered, held by control persons of the issuer or subject to contractual restrictions on resale. In connection with its investments in restricted securities generally, the Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in restricted securities issued by non-public companies.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in debt securities of MLPs and other issuers, including both investment grade debt securities and debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s, BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch, comparably rated by another NRSRO, or, if unrated, as determined by ClearBridge to be of comparable credit quality.
Portfolio Composition
Master Limited Partnerships
Entities commonly referred to as “MLPs” are generally organized under state law as limited partnerships or limited liability companies. The securities issued by many MLPs are listed and traded on a securities exchange. An MLP typically issues general partner and limited partner interests, or managing member and member interests. The general partner or managing member manages and often controls, has an ownership stake in, and is normally eligible to receive incentive distribution payments from, the MLP. If publicly traded, to be treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from specified qualifying sources as described in Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
These qualifying sources include interest, dividends, real estate rents, gain from the sale or disposition of real property, income and gain from mineral or natural resources activities, income and gain from the transportation or storage of certain fuels, and, in certain circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect to commodities. Mineral or natural resources activities include exploration, development, production, processing, mining, refining, marketing and transportation (including pipelines), of oil and gas, minerals, geothermal energy, fertilizer, timber or industrial source carbon dioxides. The
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Fund’s obligations are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security or financial instrument. In general, either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities or instruments required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory restrictions, an amount of liquid assets at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated with the custodian or subcustodian in accordance with established procedures. The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer necessary to segregate them. A call option on securities written by the Fund, for example, requires the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or securities convertible into the needed securities without additional consideration) or to segregate liquid high grade debt obligations sufficient to purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised. A call option sold by the Fund on an index requires the Fund to own portfolio securities that correlate with the index or to segregate liquid high grade debt obligations equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a current basis. A put option on securities written by the Fund requires the Fund to segregate liquid high grade debt obligations equal to the exercise price.
OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities, financial instruments or indexes, and OCC-issued and exchange-listed index options generally provides for cash settlement, although the Fund is not required to do so. As a result, when the Fund sells these instruments it segregates an amount of assets equal to its obligations under the options. OCC-issued and exchange-listed options sold by the Fund other than those described above generally settle with physical delivery, and the Fund segregates an amount of assets equal to the full value of the option. OTC options settling with physical delivery or with an election of either physical delivery or cash settlement are treated the same as other options settling with physical delivery.
In the case of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract, the Fund must deposit the initial margin and, in some instances, the daily variation margin in addition to segregating liquid assets sufficient to meet its obligations to purchase or provide securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an index-based futures contract. The Fund segregates with its custodian, or designated sub-custodian, an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value equal to at least the accrued excess, if any, of its obligations relating to swaps over its entitlements with respect to each swap on a daily basis. Caps, floors and collars require segregation of liquid assets with a value equal to the Fund’s net obligation, if any.
Derivatives may be covered by means other than those described above when consistent with applicable regulatory policies. The Fund may also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related Derivatives. The Fund could purchase a put option, for example, if the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund. Moreover, instead of segregating assets if it holds a futures contract or forward contract, the Fund could purchase a put option on the same futures contract or forward contract with a strike price as high or higher than the price of the contract held. Other derivatives may also be offset in combinations. If the offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction, no segregation is required, but if it terminates prior to that time, assets equal to any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.
Foreign Securities
Investors should recognize that investing in the securities of foreign issuers involves special considerations which are not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve risks arising from differences between U.S. and foreign securities markets, including less volume, much greater price volatility in and illiquidity of certain foreign securities markets, different trading and settlement practices and less governmental supervision and regulation, from changes in currency exchange rates, from high and volatile rates of inflation, from economic, social and political conditions such as wars, terrorism, civil unrest and uprisings, and, as with domestic multinational corporations, from fluctuating interest rates.
There may be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements as U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an
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periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain of such countries face serious exchange constraints. In addition, governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies. Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries which could affect private sector companies and consequently, the value of certain securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.
Investment in certain emerging market securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may at times limit or preclude investment in certain emerging market securities and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than other classes, restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. For a discussion of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to foreign investors, see “Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Non-U.S. Holders.”
The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain emerging market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of the Fund. For example, the Fund may be required in some countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which the Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor.
Certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors which could adversely affect the Fund. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in the country’s balance of payments, it could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require the Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.
With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, different legal standards may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.
Certain markets are in only the earliest stages of development. There is also a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of such markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region. Brokers in emerging market countries typically are fewer in number and less capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for the Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund may, but has no current intention to, invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds, to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and are permissible under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act imposes the following restrictions on investments in other investment companies: (i) the Fund may not purchase more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of another investment company; (ii) the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities issued by another investment company; and (iii) the Fund may not invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities issued by other investment companies. These limitations do not apply to the purchase of shares of any investment company (i) in connection with a merger, consolidation, reorganization or acquisition of substantially all the assets of another investment company or (ii) pursuant to any exemption granted under the 1940 Act.
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