SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Basis of Presentation |
|
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are expressed in United States dollars. |
|
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its subsidiaries. |
|
Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Reclassifications |
|
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. |
|
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Principles of Consolidation |
|
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the Company and all its subsidiaries which are majority-owned, controlled by the Company or a variable interest entity where the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
|
VIEs |
|
An entity is referred to as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) if it lacks one or more of the following characteristics: (1) sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by any parties, including the equity holders; (2) as a group the holders of the equity investment at risk have (a) the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of a legal entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, (b) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the legal entity and (c) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the legal entity; and (3) the voting rights of these investors are proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity, their rights to receive the expected returns of their equity, or both, and whether substantially all of the entity's activities involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately fewer voting rights. An investment that lacks one or more of the above three characteristics is considered to be a VIE. The Company reassesses its initial evaluation of an entity as a VIE based upon changes in the facts and circumstances pertaining to the VIE. |
|
VIEs are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined to be the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. This determination may involve complex and subjective analyses. In general, the obligation to absorb losses is a function of holding a majority of the first loss tranche, while the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs economic performance will be determined based upon the rights associated with acting as the directing certificate holder, or equivalent, in a given transaction. The Company is required to reconsider its evaluation of whether to consolidate a VIE each reporting period based upon changes in the facts and circumstances pertaining to the VIE. |
|
The Company has evaluated its Non-Agency RMBS and Multi-Family MBS investments to determine if each represents a variable interest in a VIE. The Company monitors these investments and analyzes them for potential consolidation. The Company's real estate securities investments represent variable interests in VIEs. At December 31, 2014, the Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary of two Multi-Family MBS transactions (FREMF 2011-K13 and FREMF 2012-KF01), and two residential mortgage loan transactions (CSMC 2014-OAK1 and JPMMT 2014-OAK4), in each case based on its power to direct the trust’s activities and its obligations to absorb losses derived from the ownership of the first-loss tranches. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of each of the underlying trusts, and has elected the fair value option in respect of the assets and liabilities of each trust. The maximum exposure of the Company to loss from consolidation of the trusts is limited to the fair value of $208.8 million as of December 31, 2014 which represents the Company’s net aggregate investment. At December 31, 2013, no VIEs required consolidation as the Company was not the primary beneficiary of any of these VIEs at that time. At December 31, 2014, with the exception of the listed transactions, and at December 31, 2013, the maximum exposure of the Company to VIEs was limited to the fair value of its investment in Non-Agency RMBS as disclosed in Note 4 (Non-Agency RMBS $53,485,053 and $62,684,335, respectively). |
|
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Use of Estimates |
|
The financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make a number of significant estimates. These include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amount and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. The Company’s estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from its estimates and the differences may be material. |
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
|
Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in bank accounts on an overnight basis. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in highly rated financial institutions, and at times these balances exceed insurable amounts. |
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Restricted Cash |
|
Restricted cash represents the Company’s cash held by counterparties as collateral against the Company’s securities, derivatives and/or repurchase agreements. Cash held by counterparties as collateral is not available to the Company for general corporate purposes, but may be applied against amounts due to securities, derivatives or repurchase counterparties or returned to the Company when the collateral requirements are exceeded or, at the maturity of the derivative or repurchase agreement. |
|
Deferred Offering Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Deferred Offering Costs |
|
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 505-10, the direct costs incurred to issue shares classified as equity, such as legal and accounting fees, should be deducted from the related proceeds and the net amount recorded as stockholders’ equity. Accordingly, payments made by the Company in respect of such costs related to the issuance of shares will be recorded as an asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in the line item “Deferred offering costs”, for subsequent deduction from the related proceeds upon closing of the offering. |
|
To the extent that certain costs, in particular legal fees, are known to have been accrued but have not yet been invoiced and paid, they are included in “Other accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. |
|
On April 25, 2014, the Company filed an S-3 registration statement allowing the Company to issue common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $750,000,000. This registration statement is valid for a three-year period, and accordingly, the Company is amortizing the direct costs incurred in connection with this registration statement on a straight-line basis over three years. |
|
Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value |
|
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Revenue Recognition, Premium Amortization, and Discount Accretion |
|
Interest income on the Company’s available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities portfolio is accrued based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal balance of such securities. The Company recognizes interest income using the effective interest method for all AFS securities. As such, premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the lives of the securities in accordance with ASC 310-20, “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs”, ASC 320-10, “Investments – Debt and Equity Securities” or ASC 325-40, “Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets”, as applicable. Total interest income will flow though the “Interest Income” line item on the consolidated statement of operations. |
|
On at least a quarterly basis for securities accounted for under ASC 320-10 and ASC 310-20 (generally Agency RMBS), prepayments of the underlying collateral must be estimated, which directly affect the speed at which the Company amortizes such securities. If actual and anticipated cash flows differ from previous estimates; the Company recognizes a “catch-up” adjustment in the current period to the amortization of premiums for the impact of the cumulative change in the effective yield through the reporting date. |
|
Similarly, the Company also reassesses the cash flows on at least a quarterly basis for securities accounted for under ASC 325-40 (generally Non-Agency RMBS and Multi-Family MBS). In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that will be subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal and interest receipts (including assumptions of prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass-through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans have to be judgmentally estimated. Differences between previously estimated cash flows and current actual and anticipated cash flows are recognized prospectively through an adjustment of the yield over the remaining life of the security based on the current amortized cost of the investment as adjusted for credit impairment, if any. |
|
For investments purchased with evidence of deterioration of credit quality for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, the Company will apply the provisions of ASC 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.” ASC 310-30 addresses accounting for differences between contractual cash flows and cash flows expected to be collected from an investor’s initial investment in loans or debt securities (loans) acquired in a transfer if those differences are attributable, at least in part, to credit quality. ASC 310-30 limits the yield that may be accreted (accretable yield) to the excess of the investor’s estimate of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows (cash flows expected at acquisition to be collected) over the investor’s initial investment in the loan. ASC 310-30 requires that the excess of contractual cash flows over cash flows expected to be collected (nonaccretable difference) not be recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss accrual or valuation allowance. |
|
Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected are generally recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected are recognized as impairment. |
|
The Company’s accrual of interest, discount and premium for U.S. federal and other tax purposes is likely to differ from the financial accounting treatment of these items as described above. |
|
Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as realized gains (losses) within realized gain (loss) on sale of investments, net in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. Upon the sale of a security, the Company will determine the cost of the security and the amount of unrealized gains or losses to reclassify out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings based on the specific identification method. Unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s AFS securities are recorded as unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net in the Company's consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). |
|
Property, Plant and Equipment, Impairment [Policy Text Block] | Impairment |
|
The Company evaluates its MBS, on a quarterly basis, to assess whether a decline in the fair value of an AFS security below the Company's amortized cost basis is an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). The presence of OTTI is based upon a fair value decline below a security's amortized cost basis and a corresponding adverse change in expected cash flows due to credit related factors as well as non-credit factors, such as changes in interest rates and market spreads. Impairment is considered other-than-temporary if an entity (i) intends to sell the security, (ii) will more likely than not be required to sell the security before it recovers in value or (iii) does not expect to recover the security's amortized cost basis, even if the entity does not intend to sell the security. Under these scenarios, the impairment is other-than-temporary and the full amount of impairment should be recognized currently in earnings and the cost basis of the investment security is adjusted. However, if an entity does not intend to sell the impaired debt security and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell before recovery, the OTTI should be separated into (i) the estimated amount relating to credit loss (“credit” component) and (ii) the amount relating to all other factors (“non-credit” component). Only the estimated credit loss amount is recognized currently in earnings, with the remainder of the loss amount recognized in other comprehensive income. The difference between the new amortized cost basis and the cash flows expected to be collected is accreted as interest income in accordance with the effective interest method. |
|
Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale, at Fair Value, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale, at Fair Value |
|
Mortgage loans held-for-sale are reported at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. See Note 3 – Fair Value Measurements for details on fair value measurement. Mortgage loans are currently classified as held-for-sale based upon the Company’s intent to sell them either in the secondary whole loan market or to include them in a securitization, including transfers to securitization entities that the Company plans to sponsor and expects to be accounted for as sales for financial reporting purposes. |
|
Interest income on mortgage loans held-for-sale is recognized at the loan coupon rate. Interest income recognition is suspended when mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the interest is considered non-collectible, and in all cases when payment becomes greater than 90 days past due. Loans return to accrual status when principal and interest become current and are anticipated to be fully collectible. |
|
Multi Family Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts [Policy Text Block] | Multi-Family and Residential Mortgage Loans Held in Securitization Trusts |
|
Multi-family and residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts are comprised of multi-family mortgage loans held in the FREMF 2011-K13 Trust and the FREMF 2012-KF01 Trust, and residential mortgage loans held in the CSMC 2014-OAK1 Trust and the JPMMT 2014-OAK4 Trust, as of December 31, 2014. Based on a number of factors, the Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary of the VIEs underlying the trusts, met the criteria for consolidation and, accordingly, has consolidated the four trusts, including their assets, liabilities, income and expenses in its financial statements. The Company has elected the fair value option on each of the assets and liabilities held within the trusts. See Note 3 – Fair Value Measurement below for additional detail. |
|
Interest income on multi-family and residential mortgage loans held in securitization trusts is recognized at the loan coupon rate. Interest income recognition is suspended when mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the interest is considered non-collectible, and in no case when payment becomes greater than 90 days past due. Loans return to accrual status when principal and interest become current and are anticipated to be fully collectible. |
|
Mortgage Servicing Rights and Excess Servicing Rights, at Fair Value [Policy Text Block] | Mortgage Servicing Rights and Excess Servicing Rights, at Fair Value |
|
Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) are associated with residential mortgage loans that the Company has purchased and subsequently sold or securitized. MSRs are held and managed at our TRS. As the owner of MSRs, the Company is entitled to receive a portion of the interest payments from the associated residential mortgage loan, and is obligated to service directly or through a subservicer, the associated loan. MSRs are reported at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. See Note 3 – Fair Value Measurement below for additional detail. Residential mortgage loans for which the Company owns the MSRs are directly serviced by one or more sub-servicers retained by the Company, since the Company does not originate or directly service any residential mortgage loans. |
|
To the extent that the Company determines it is the primary beneficiary of a residential mortgage loan securitization trust into which it has sold loans, any associated MSRs are eliminated on the consolidation of the trust. The trust is contractually obligated to pay a portion of the interest payments from the associated residential mortgage loans for the direct servicing of the loans, and after deduction of sub-servicing fees payable to contracted sub-servicers, the net amount, excess servicing rights, represents a liability of the trust. See Note 3 – Fair Value Measurement below for additional detail. |
|
Repurchase and Resale Agreements Policy [Policy Text Block] | Repurchase Agreements |
|
The Company finances the acquisition of certain of its mortgage-backed securities through the use of repurchase agreements. The repurchase agreements are generally short-term debt, which expire within one year. Borrowings under repurchase agreements generally bear interest rates at a specified margin over LIBOR and are generally uncommitted. In accordance with ASC 860 “Transfers and Servicing” the Company accounts for the repurchase agreements, other than those treated as Linked Transactions (see Note 3 – Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments – Non-Hedging Activity/Linked Transactions below), as collateralized financing transactions and they are carried at their contractual amounts, as specified in the respective agreements. The contractual amounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. |
|
Residential Loan Warehouse Facilities, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Residential Loan Warehouse Facilities |
|
The Company finances the acquisition of certain of its residential mortgage loans through the use of short-term, uncommitted residential loan warehouse facilities, which are currently structured as repurchase agreements. The Company accounts for outstandings under these facilities as collateralized financing transactions which are carried at its contractual amount, and approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. |
|
Multi Family and Residential Securitized Debt Obligations [Policy Text Block] | Multi-Family and Residential Securitized Debt Obligations |
|
Multi-family and residential securitized debt obligations represent third-party liabilities of the FREMF 2011-K13 Trust, FREMF 2012-KF01 Trust, JPMMT 2014-OAK4 Trust and CSMC 2014-OAK1 Trust, and excludes liabilities of the trust acquired by the Company that are eliminated on consolidation. The third-party obligations of each trust do not have any recourse to the Company as the consolidator of each trust. |
|
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Income Taxes |
|
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the Company’s short taxable period ended December 31, 2012. So long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its taxable income to the extent it annually distributes at least 90% of its net taxable income to shareholders and maintains its qualification as a REIT. |
|
In addition to the Company’s election to be taxed as a REIT, the Company complies with Sections 856 through 859 of the Code. Accordingly, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to stockholders and as long as certain asset, income and share ownership tests are met. To maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company must distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders and meet certain other requirements. The Company may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. Under certain circumstances, federal income and excise taxes may be due on its undistributed taxable income. If the Company were to fail to meet these requirements, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, which could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distributions to its stockholders. The Company believes it will meet all of the criteria to maintain the Company's REIT qualification for the applicable periods, but there can be no assurance that these criteria will continue to be met in subsequent periods. |
|
The Company does not have any material uncertain tax positions at this time. The Company's accounting policy with respect to interest and penalties is to classify these amounts as interest expense. The Company has not recognized any such amounts related to uncertain tax positions as of the balance sheet date. |
|
Certain activities of the Company are conducted through a TRS and therefore will be taxed as a standalone U.S. C-Corporation. |
|
If a TRS generates net income, the TRS can declare dividends to the Company which will be included in its taxable income and necessitate a distribution to its stockholders. Conversely, if the Company retains earnings at a TRS level, no distribution is required and the Company can increase book equity of the consolidated entity. |
|
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Earnings per Share |
|
The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted-average shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding for that period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as warrants, stock options, and unvested restricted stock, but use the average share price for the period in determining the number of incremental shares that are to be added to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. See Note 12 for details of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. |
|
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | Stock-Based Compensation |
|
The Company is required to recognize compensation costs relating to stock-based payment transactions in the financial statements. The Company accounts for share-based compensation issued to its Manager and non-management directors using the fair value based methodology prescribed by ASC 718, Share-Based Payment (“ASC 718”). Compensation cost related to restricted common stock issued to the Manager is initially measured at estimated fair value at the grant date, and is remeasured on subsequent dates to the extent the awards are unvested. Additionally, compensation cost related to restricted common stock issued to the non-management directors is measured at its estimated fair value at the grant date and amortized and expensed over the vesting period. See Note 10 for details of stock-based awards issuable under the Manager Equity Plan. |
|
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
|
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income, as presented in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss), adjusted for changes in unrealized gain or loss on AFS securities. |
|
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Recently Issued and/or Adopted Accounting Standards |
|
In June 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-11 “Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures”, which amends ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing”. The amendments in this ASU change current accounting and disclosures for repurchase agreements and similar transactions under U.S. GAAP. In particular, ASU 2014-11 changes the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and linked repurchase financings to secured borrowing accounting, which is consistent with the accounting for other repurchase agreements under ASC 860. |
|
ASU 2014-11 also requires two new disclosures for transactions accounted for as secured borrowings (1) disaggregating the related gross obligation by class of collateral pledged, and disclosing the remaining contractual maturity of the agreements, and; (2) discussing the potential risks of these agreements and related collateral pledged, including the risks stemming from a decline in the value of the pledged collateral and how such risks are managed. ASU 2014-11 requires enhanced disclosures by entities for transactions that involve a transfer of a financial asset reported as a sale and accompanied by an agreement that results in the transferor retaining substantially all of the exposure to the economic returns of the transferred asset during the transaction’s term. In these circumstances, the entity is required to provide by type of transaction 1) the carrying amount of the assets derecognized and the gross amount of proceeds received at the transfer date, 2) any related amounts reported on the balance sheet, such as those represented by derivative contracts, and 3) information about its ongoing exposure to the economic return on the transferred financial assets. |
|
ASU 2014-11 is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014 and interim periods beginning after March 15, 2015. The entity must report changes in accounting for transactions outstanding on the effective date as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The new disclosures are not required for comparative periods prior to the effective date. Adopting this ASU has a material impact on the Company's presentation of its statement of financial condition and results of operations as it relates to the Company’s linked transactions (See Note 8). Currently, linked transactions are reported on the balance sheet as derivative transactions, as a result of this ASU, the assets and repurchase agreements that encompass linked transactions will be bifurcated and the gross amounts will be reported in available-for-sale securities and repurchase agreements respectively. In addition, unrealized gain (loss) and interest income on assets that are deemed to be linked are currently reflected in the income statement in other income unrealized gain (loss) and net interest income from Linked Transaction line item, as a result of this ASU the interest income will be recognized in revenue interest income and unrealized gain (loss) will be reflected in other comprehensive income. |
|
In August 2014 FASB issued ASU No. 2014-13 “Consolidation (Topic 810) Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity”. A collateralized financing entity is a VIE such as a securitization trust with no more than nominal equity that holds financial assets and issues beneficial interests in those financial assets; the beneficial interests have contractual recourse only to the related assets of the collateralized financing entity and are classified as financial liabilities. The amendments in this ASU address differences in measurement practice between the fair value of the collateralized financing entity’s assets and liabilities, and apply to a reporting entity that is required to consolidate such an entity when the reporting entity measures all of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of that consolidated collateralized financing entity at fair value in its financial statements, and that changes in such values are reflected in earnings. |
|
When a reporting entity elects the measurement alternative included in ASU 2014-13 for a collateralized financing entity, the reporting entity should measure both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of that collateralized financing entity in its consolidated financial statements using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets and the fair value of the financial liabilities. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period. Since the Company has not previously been required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of a collateralized financing entity, it has elected to early adopt this ASU in respect of the consolidated financial statements with effect from September 30, 2014. See Note 3 – Fair Value Measurements for further information. |
|
In February 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02 “Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis”, which amends ASC 810, “Consolidation”. The amendments in this ASU affect the evaluation of, and consolidation analysis for, VIEs and is effective for public entities for annual periods, and interim periods within such annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. The Company has not yet completed its review of this ASU and accordingly cannot assess its effect on the Company’s current accounting policies. |
|