AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES | AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES The following table presents the Company’s AFS investment securities by collateral type at fair value as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Available-for-sale securities: Agency Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation $ 524,133,540 $ 326,958,046 Federal National Mortgage Association 697,735,174 463,232,187 Non-Agency — 7,592,802 Multi-Family 30,507,236 73,146,566 Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,252,375,950 $ 870,929,601 The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s AFS investment securities by collateral type as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : June 30, 2017 Agency Non-Agency Multi-Family Total Face Value $ 1,201,732,176 $ — $ 38,666,386 $ 1,240,398,562 Unamortized premium 26,191,776 — — 26,191,776 Unamortized discount Net, unamortized (718,551 ) — (8,102,376 ) (8,820,927 ) Amortized Cost 1,227,205,401 — 30,564,010 1,257,769,411 Gross unrealized gain 2,756,978 — 76,466 2,833,444 Gross unrealized (loss) (8,093,665 ) — (133,240 ) (8,226,905 ) Fair Value $ 1,221,868,714 $ — $ 30,507,236 $ 1,252,375,950 December 31, 2016 Agency Non-Agency (1) Multi - Family Total Face Value $ 779,219,115 $ 4,393,771 $ 100,907,815 $ 884,520,701 Unamortized premium 17,748,138 — — 17,748,138 Unamortized discount Designated credit reserve and OTTI (2) — (1,929,833 ) — (1,929,833 ) Net, unamortized (1,311,292 ) (369,887 ) (26,160,083 ) (27,841,262 ) Amortized Cost 795,655,961 2,094,051 74,747,732 872,497,744 Gross unrealized gain 2,663,975 234,647 509,519 3,408,141 Gross unrealized (loss) (8,129,703 ) (2,110,685 ) (10,240,388 ) Fair Value $ 790,190,233 $ 2,328,698 $ 73,146,566 $ 865,665,497 (1) Non-Agency AFS does not include interest-only securities with a notional amount of $509,109,248 , book value of $14,712,374 , unrealized loss of $9,448,270 and a fair value of $5,264,104 as of December 31, 2016 . (2) Discount designated as Credit Reserve is generally not expected to be accreted into interest income. Amounts disclosed reflect Credit Reserve of $0 and $1,929,833 , at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. At June 30, 2017 , the Company did not intend to sell any of its MBS that were in an unrealized loss position, and it is “more likely than not” that the Company will not be required to sell these MBS before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. The Company did not recognize credit-related OTTI losses through earnings during the six months ended June 30, 2017 . As of June 30, 2016, the Company recognized credit-related losses of $0.17 million on one non-Agency RMBS for the six months then ended. Non-Agency RMBS on which OTTI is recognized have experienced, or are expected to experience, credit-related adverse cash flow changes, or credit impairment. The Company’s estimate of cash flows for its Non-Agency RMBS is based on its review of the underlying mortgage loans securing these RMBS. The Company considers information available about the structure of the securitization, including structural credit enhancement, if any, and the past and expected future performance of underlying mortgage loans, including timing of expected future cash flows, prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities, delinquency rates, percentage of non-performing loans, FICO scores at loan origination, year of origination, loan-to-value ratios, geographic concentrations, as well as Rating Agency reports, general market assessments, and dialogue with market participants. Significant judgment is used in both the Company’s analysis of the expected cash flows for its Non-Agency RMBS and any determination of OTTI that is the result, at least in part, of credit impairment. The following tables present the composition of OTTI charges recorded by the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 : Three Months Ended 2017 2016 Cumulative credit loss at beginning of period $ (3,074,728 ) $ (3,657,426 ) Additions: Initial (increase) in credit reserves — — Subsequent (increase) in credit reserves — (146,224 ) Initial additional other-than-temporary credit impairment losses — — Subsequent additional other-than-temporary credit impairment losses — — Reductions: For securities sold decrease in credit reserves — — For securities sold decrease in other-than-temporary impairment — — Cumulative credit (loss) at end of period $ (3,074,728 ) $ (3,803,650 ) Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 Cumulative credit loss at beginning of period $ (3,074,728 ) $ (3,636,432 ) Additions: Initial (increase) in credit reserves — — Subsequent (increase) in credit reserves — (167,218 ) Initial additional other-than-temporary credit impairment losses — — Subsequent additional other-than-temporary credit impairment losses — — Reductions: For securities sold decrease in credit reserves — — For securities sold decrease in other-than-temporary impairment — — Cumulative credit (loss) at end of period $ (3,074,728 ) $ (3,803,650 ) The following table presents the components comprising the carrying value of AFS securities not deemed to be other than temporarily impaired by length of time the securities had an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2017 , and December 31, 2016 . At June 30, 2017 , the Company held 60 AFS securities, of which 41 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months and two were in an unrealized loss for more than twelve months. At December 31, 2016 , the Company held 46 AFS securities, of which 31 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months and five were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve months: Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses June 30, 2017 $ 794,142,898 $ (8,093,665 ) $ 13,469,610 $ (133,240 ) $ 807,612,508 $ (8,226,905 ) December 31, 2016 $ 619,414,077 $ (8,129,704 ) $ 45,879,433 $ (2,110,684 ) $ 665,293,510 $ (10,240,388 ) To the extent the Company determines there are likely to be decreases in cash flows expected to be collected, and as a result of non-credit impairment, such changes are generally recognized prospectively through adjustment of the security’s yield over its remaining life. The following table presents a summary of the Company’s net realized gain (loss) from the sale of AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 : Three Months Ended Three Months Ended AFS securities sold, at cost $ 6,832,799 $ 102,654,599 AFS principal payments, at cost — 19,599,985 Proceeds from AFS securities sold $ 6,681,250 $ 106,681,346 Proceeds from AFS principal payments — 19,344,386 Net realized gain (loss) on sale of AFS securities $ (151,549 ) $ 3,771,148 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 AFS securities sold, at cost $ 62,435,106 $ 191,586,798 AFS principal payments, at cost — 34,136,121 Proceeds from AFS securities sold $ 52,966,554 $ 189,273,268 Proceeds from AFS principal payments — 33,837,646 Net realized gain (loss) on sale of AFS securities $ (9,468,552 ) $ (2,612,005 ) The following tables present the fair value of AFS investment securities by rate type as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : June 30, 2017 Agency Non-Agency Multi-Family Total Adjustable rate $ 1,220,831,891 $ — $ — $ 1,220,831,891 Fixed rate 1,036,823 — 30,507,236 31,544,059 Total $ 1,221,868,714 $ — $ 30,507,236 $ 1,252,375,950 December 31, 2016 Agency Non-Agency Multi- Family Total Adjustable rate $ 788,727,476 $ 7,592,802 $ — $ 796,320,278 Fixed rate 1,462,757 — 73,146,566 74,609,323 Total $ 790,190,233 $ 7,592,802 $ 73,146,566 $ 870,929,601 The following tables present the fair value of AFS investment securities by maturity date as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Greater than or equal to one year and less than five years $ 779,054,852 $ 399,872,894 Greater than or equal to five years 473,321,098 471,056,707 Total $ 1,252,375,950 $ 870,929,601 As described in Note 2, when the Company purchases a credit-sensitive AFS security at a significant discount to its face value, the Company generally does not amortize into income a significant portion of this discount that the Company is entitled to earn because it does not expect to collect it due to the inherent credit risk of the security. The Company may also record an OTTI for a portion of its investment in the security to the extent the Company believes that the amortized cost will exceed the present value of expected future cash flows. The amount of principal that the Company does not amortize into income is designated as an off balance sheet credit reserve on the security, with unamortized net discounts or premiums amortized into income over time to the extent realizable. Actual maturities of AFS securities are affected by the contractual lives of the associated mortgage collateral, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal. Therefore actual maturities of available-for-sale securities are generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Stated contractual maturities are generally greater than ten years . The following tables present the changes for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 of the unamortized net discount and designated credit reserves on the Company’s MBS: June 30, 2017 Designated credit reserve Unamortized net discount Total Beginning Balance as of January 1, 2017 $ (1,929,833 ) $ (27,841,262 ) $ (29,771,095 ) Acquisitions — — — Dispositions 1,929,833 16,982,632 18,912,465 Accretion of net discount — 2,037,703 2,037,703 Realized gain on paydowns — — — Realized credit losses — — — Addition to credit reserves — — — Release of credit reserves — — — Ending Balance at June 30, 2017 $ — $ (8,820,927 ) $ (8,820,927 ) December 31, 2016 Designated credit reserve Unamortized net discount Total Beginning Balance as of January 1, 2016 $ (8,891,565 ) $ (57,280,275 ) $ (66,171,840 ) Acquisitions — — — Dispositions 4,893,913 21,637,637 26,531,550 Accretion of net discount — 6,703,365 6,703,365 Realized gain on paydowns — 325,709 325,709 Realized credit losses 3,023,911 (183,790 ) 2,840,121 Addition to credit reserves (1,021,433 ) 1,021,433 — Release of credit reserves 65,341 (65,341 ) — Ending Balance at December 31, 2016 $ (1,929,833 ) $ (27,841,262 ) $ (29,771,095 ) Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded within realized gain (loss) on sale of investments, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s AFS securities are recorded as unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). For the six months ended June 30, 2017 , the Company had unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities of $1,220,918 . The following tables present components of interest income on the Company’s AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 : Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 Coupon interest Net (premium amortization)/ discount accretion Interest income Coupon interest Net (premium amortization)/ discount accretion Interest income Agency $ 6,362,134 $ (214,920 ) $ 6,147,214 $ 2,598,975 $ 81,068 $ 2,680,043 Non-Agency — — — 796,520 379,140 1,175,660 Multi-Family — 511,465 511,465 257,440 1,218,651 1,476,091 Total $ 6,362,134 $ 296,545 $ 6,658,679 $ 3,652,935 $ 1,678,859 $ 5,331,794 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 Coupon Net (premium Interest Coupon Net (premium Interest Agency $ 11,742,714 $ 251,371 $ 11,994,085 $ 4,622,177 $ 104,252 $ 4,726,429 Non-Agency 42,254 9,946 52,200 1,558,601 875,978 2,434,579 Multi-Family — 1,435,016 1,435,016 515,309 2,554,515 3,069,824 Total $ 11,784,968 $ 1,696,333 $ 13,481,301 $ 6,696,087 $ 3,534,745 $ 10,230,832 |