Investments | Investments We have designated our investment portfolio as available-for-sale and report it at fair value. The related unrealized gains and losses are, after considering the related tax expense or benefit, recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in shareholders' equity. Net realized investment gains and losses are reported in income based upon specific identification of securities sold. Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses on Investments Amortized Gross Unrealized Fair Gains Losses As of September 30, 2016 (In Thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 57,338 $ 552 $ (13 ) $ 57,877 Municipal debt securities 40,057 919 (43 ) 40,933 Corporate debt securities 336,113 10,443 (227 ) 346,329 Asset-backed securities 120,429 1,706 (66 ) 122,069 Total bonds 553,937 13,620 (349 ) 567,208 Short-term investments 74,272 93 (1 ) 74,364 Total investments $ 628,209 $ 13,713 $ (350 ) $ 641,572 Amortized Gross Unrealized Fair Gains Losses As of December 31, 2015 (In Thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 84,968 $ 4 $ (490 ) $ 84,482 Municipal debt securities 20,209 44 (174 ) 20,079 Corporate debt securities 337,273 431 (4,377 ) 333,327 Asset-backed securities 101,320 76 (603 ) 100,793 Total bonds 543,770 555 (5,644 ) 538,681 Short-term investments 20,549 5 — 20,554 Total investments $ 564,319 $ 560 $ (5,644 ) $ 559,235 As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , there were approximately $6.9 million and $7.0 million , respectively, of cash and investments in the form of U.S. Treasury securities on deposit with various state insurance departments to satisfy regulatory requirements. Scheduled Maturities The amortized cost and fair values of available for sale securities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Because most asset-backed securities provide for periodic payments throughout their lives, they are listed below in separate categories. As of September 30, 2016 Amortized Fair (In Thousands) Due in one year or less $ 100,443 $ 100,556 Due after one through five years 158,761 161,063 Due after five through ten years 238,559 248,040 Due after ten years 10,017 9,844 Asset-backed securities 120,429 122,069 Total investments $ 628,209 $ 641,572 As of December 31, 2015 Amortized Fair (In Thousands) Due in one year or less $ 62,745 $ 62,743 Due after one through five years 187,633 186,629 Due after five through ten years 193,379 190,055 Due after ten years 19,242 19,015 Asset-backed securities 101,320 100,793 Total investments $ 564,319 $ 559,235 Aging of Unrealized Losses As of September 30, 2016 , the investment portfolio had gross unrealized losses of $0.3 million , $0.2 million of which has been in an unrealized loss position for a period of 12 months or greater. We did not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2016 . We based our conclusion that these investments were not other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2016 on the following facts: (i) the unrealized losses were primarily caused by interest rate movements since the purchase date; (ii) we do not intend to sell these investments; and (iii) we do not believe that it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of our amortized cost basis, which may not occur until maturity. For those securities in an unrealized loss position, the length of time the securities were in such a position is as follows: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total # of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses # of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses # of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses As of September 30, 2016 (Dollars in Thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies 10 $ 6,915 $ (13 ) — $ — $ — 10 $ 6,915 $ (13 ) Municipal debt securities 4 3,582 (18 ) 1 1,725 (25 ) 5 5,307 (43 ) Corporate debt securities 5 11,183 (24 ) 8 14,085 (203 ) 13 25,268 (227 ) Asset-backed securities 10 14,481 (59 ) 4 2,192 (7 ) 14 16,673 (66 ) Total investments 29 $ 36,161 $ (114 ) 13 $ 18,002 $ (235 ) 42 $ 54,163 $ (349 ) Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total # of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses # of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses # of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses As of December 31, 2015 (Dollars in Thousands) U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies 14 $ 50,558 $ (397 ) 4 $ 10,194 $ (93 ) 18 $ 60,752 $ (490 ) Municipal debt securities 4 11,293 (165 ) 1 3,242 (9 ) 5 14,535 (174 ) Corporate debt securities 83 244,128 (4,124 ) 4 9,220 (253 ) 87 253,348 (4,377 ) Asset-backed securities 27 69,878 (498 ) 4 9,208 (105 ) 31 79,086 (603 ) Total investments 128 $ 375,857 $ (5,184 ) 13 $ 31,864 $ (460 ) 141 $ 407,721 $ (5,644 ) Net Investment Income For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (In Thousands) Investment income $ 3,727 $ 2,012 $ 10,672 $ 5,537 Investment expenses (183 ) (128 ) (555 ) (369 ) Net investment income $ 3,544 $ 1,884 $ 10,117 $ 5,168 Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (In Thousands) Gross realized investment gains $ 66 $ 266 $ 683 $ 1,526 Gross realized investment losses — (281 ) (1,441 ) (574 ) Net realized investment gains (losses) $ 66 $ (15 ) $ (758 ) $ 952 |