Reinsurance | Reinsurance We enter into third-party reinsurance transactions to actively manage our risk, ensure compliance with PMIERs, state regulatory and other applicable capital requirements, and support the growth of our business. The GSEs and the Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (Wisconsin OCI) have approved all such transactions (subject to certain conditions and ongoing review, including levels of approved capital credit). The effect of our reinsurance agreements on premiums written and earned is as follows: For the three months ended For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (In Thousands) Net premiums written Direct $ 100,475 $ 73,748 $ 274,418 $ 210,452 Ceded (1) (11,796 ) (8,367 ) (31,207 ) (21,598 ) Net premiums written $ 88,679 $ 65,381 $ 243,211 $ 188,854 Net premiums earned Direct $ 106,687 $ 76,513 $ 288,165 $ 210,725 Ceded (1) (14,306 ) (11,106 ) (38,666 ) (28,789 ) Net premiums earned $ 92,381 $ 65,407 $ 249,499 $ 181,936 (1) Net of profit commission. Excess-of-loss reinsurance NMIC entered into excess-of-loss reinsurance agreements with Oaktown Re Ltd., Oaktown Re II Ltd. and Oaktown Re III Ltd. (special purpose reinsurance entities collectively referred to as the Oaktown Re Vehicles) effective May 2, 2017, July 25, 2018 and July 30, 2019, respectively. Each agreement provides NMIC with aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage on a defined portfolio of mortgage insurance policies written during a discrete period. Under each agreement, NMIC retains a first layer of aggregate loss exposure on covered policies and the respective Oaktown Re Vehicle then provides second layer loss protection up to a defined reinsurance coverage amount. NMIC then retains losses in excess of the respective reinsurance coverage amounts. The respective reinsurance coverage amounts provided by the Oaktown Re Vehicles decrease from the inception of each agreement over a ten-year period as the underlying insured mortgages are amortized or repaid, and/or the mortgage insurance coverage is canceled. The respective outstanding reinsurance coverage amounts stop amortizing if certain credit enhancement or delinquency thresholds, as defined in each agreement, are triggered. NMIC makes risk premium payments to the Oaktown Re Vehicles for the applicable outstanding reinsurance coverage amount and pays an additional premium amount for anticipated operating expenses (capped at $300 thousand per year to Oaktown Re Ltd. and $250 thousand per year to Oaktown Re II, Ltd. and Oaktown Re III, Ltd.). NMIC ceded aggregate premiums to the Oaktown Re Vehicles of $4.4 million and $10.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 , respectively, and $3.1 million and $6.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 . NMIC applies claims paid on covered policies against its first layer aggregate retained loss exposure under each excess-of-loss agreement. NMIC did not cede any incurred losses on covered policies to the Oaktown Re Vehicles during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, as the aggregate first layer risk retention was not exhausted for each agreement during such periods. Under the terms of each excess-of-loss reinsurance agreement, the Oaktown Re Vehicles are required to fully collateralize their outstanding reinsurance coverage amount to NMIC with funds deposited into segregated reinsurance trusts. Such trust funds are required to be invested in short-term U.S. Treasury money market funds at all times. Each Oaktown Re Vehicle financed its respective collateral requirement through the issuance of mortgage insurance-linked notes to unaffiliated investors. Such insurance-linked notes mature ten years from the inception date of each reinsurance agreement. We refer to NMIC's reinsurance agreements with and the insurance-linked note issuances by Oaktown Re Ltd., Oaktown Re II, Ltd. and Oaktown Re III, Ltd. individually as the 2017 ILN Transaction, 2018 ILN Transaction and 2019 ILN Transaction, and collectively as the ILN Transactions. The following table presents the inception date, covered production period, initial and current reinsurance coverage amount, and initial and current first layer retained aggregate loss under each of the ILN Transactions. ( $ values in thousands) Inception Date Covered Production Initial Reinsurance Coverage Current Reinsurance Coverage Initial First Layer Retained Loss Current First Layer Retained Loss 2017 ILN Transaction May 2, 2017 1/1/2013 - 12/31/2016 $ 211,320 $ 75,639 $ 126,793 $ 124,074 2018 ILN Transaction July 25, 2018 1/1/2017 - 5/31/2018 264,545 231,604 125,312 125,025 2019 ILN Transaction July 30, 2019 6/1/2018 - 6/30/2019 326,905 326,905 123,424 123,424 NMIC holds optional termination rights under each ILN Transaction in the event of certain occurrences, including, among others, an optional call feature which provides NMIC the discretion to terminate the transaction on or after a prescribed date, and a clean-up call if the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount amortizes to 10% or less of the reinsurance coverage amount at inception or if NMIC reasonably determines that changes to GSE or rating agency asset requirements would cause a material and adverse effect on the capital treatment afforded to NMIC under a given agreement. In addition, there are certain events that trigger mandatory termination of an agreement, including NMIC's failure to pay premiums or consent to reductions in a trust account to make principal payments to noteholders, among others. Under the terms of the 2018 ILN Transaction and the 2019 ILN Transaction, we are required to maintain a certain level of restricted funds in premium deposit accounts with Bank of New York Mellon until the respective notes have been redeemed in full. "Cash and cash equivalents" on our condensed consolidated balance sheet includes restricted amounts of $2.9 million as of September 30, 2019 . We are not required to deposit additional funds into the premium deposit accounts in the future and the restricted balances will decrease over time as the outstanding principal balances of the respective insurance-linked notes decline. The amount of reinsurance premiums ceded under each ILN Transaction fluctuates based on changes in one-month LIBOR and changes in the earned rate on the money market funds in which the assets of the reinsurance trusts are invested. As the reinsurance premiums will vary based on changes in these rates, we have concluded that the ILN Transactions each contain an embedded derivative that must be treated separately as a freestanding derivative. The total fair value of such derivatives at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , and the change in fair value of the derivatives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Quota share reinsurance NMIC entered into quota share reinsurance treaties effective September 1, 2016 (the 2016 QSR Transaction) and January 1, 2018 (the 2018 QSR Transaction), which we refer to collectively as the QSR Transactions. Under each of the QSR Transactions, NMIC cedes a proportional share of its risk on eligible policies written during a discrete period to panels of third-party reinsurance providers. Each of the third-party reinsurance providers has an insurer financial strength rating of A- or better by Standard & Poor’s Rating Service (S&P), A.M. Best Company, Inc. (A.M.Best) or both. Under the 2016 QSR Transaction, NMIC cedes premiums written related to 25% of the risk on eligible primary policies written for all periods through December 31, 2017 and 100% of the risk under our pool agreement with Fannie Mae. The 2016 QSR Transaction is scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2027, except with respect to the ceded pool risk, which is scheduled to terminate on August 31, 2023. NMIC has the option, based on certain conditions and subject to a termination fee, to terminate the agreement as of December 31, 2020, or at the end of any calendar quarter thereafter, which would result in NMIC reassuming the related risk. Under the 2018 QSR Transaction, NMIC cedes premiums earned related to 25% of the risk on eligible policies written in 2018 and 20% of the risk on eligible policies written in 2019. The 2018 QSR Transaction is scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2029. NMIC has the option, based on certain conditions and subject to a termination fee, to terminate the agreement as of December 31, 2022, or at the end of any calendar quarter thereafter, which would result in NMIC reassuming the related risk. NMIC may terminate either or both of the QSR Transactions without penalty if, due to a change in PMIERs requirements, it is no longer able to take full PMIERs asset credit for the risk-in-force (RIF) ceded under the respective agreements. Additionally, under the terms of the QSR Transactions, NMIC may elect to selectively terminate its engagement with individual reinsurers on a run-off basis ( i.e. , reinsurers continue providing coverage on all risk ceded prior to the termination date, with no new cessions going forward) or cut-off basis ( i.e. , the reinsurance arrangement is completely terminated with NMIC recapturing all previously ceded risk) under certain circumstances. Such selective termination rights arise when, among other reasons, a reinsurer experiences a deterioration in its capital position below a prescribed threshold and/or a reinsurer breaches (and fails to cure) its collateral posting obligations under the relevant agreement. Effective April 1, 2019, NMIC elected to terminate its engagement with one reinsurer under the 2016 QSR Transaction on a cut-off basis. In connection with the termination, NMIC recaptured approximately $500 million of previously ceded primary RIF and stopped ceding new premiums earned or written with respect to the recaptured risk. With the termination, ceded premiums written under the 2016 QSR Transaction decreased from 25% to 20.5% on eligible policies. The termination has no effect on the cession of pool risk under the 2016 QSR Transaction. The following table shows the amounts related to the QSR Transactions: For the three months ended For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (In Thousands) Ceded risk-in-force $ 4,901,809 $ 3,960,461 $ 4,901,809 $ 3,960,461 Ceded premiums earned (23,151 ) (19,286 ) (65,538 ) (53,581 ) Ceded claims and claim expenses 766 337 2,435 1,053 Ceding commission earned 4,584 3,814 12,961 10,501 Profit commission 13,254 11,272 37,199 31,180 Ceded premiums written under the 2016 QSR Transaction are recorded on the balance sheet as prepaid reinsurance premiums and amortized to ceded premiums earned in a manner consistent with the recognition of revenue on direct premiums. Under the 2018 QSR Transaction, premiums are ceded on an earned basis as defined in the agreement. NMIC receives a 20% ceding commission for premiums ceded under the QSR Transactions. NMIC also receives a profit commission under each of the QSR Transactions, provided that the loss ratios on loans covered under the 2016 QSR Transaction and 2018 QSR Transaction generally remain below 60% and 61% , respectively, as measured annually. Ceded claims and claim expenses under each of the QSR Transactions reduce the respective profit commission received by NMIC on a dollar-for-dollar basis. In accordance with the terms of the 2016 QSR Transaction, rather than making a cash payment or transferring investments for ceded premiums written, NMIC established a funds withheld liability, which also includes amounts due to NMIC for ceding and profit commissions. Any loss recoveries and any potential profit commission to NMIC will be realized from this account until exhausted. NMIC's reinsurance recoverable balance is further supported by trust accounts established and maintained by each reinsurer in accordance with the PMIERs funding requirements for risk ceded to non-affiliates. The reinsurance recoverable on loss reserves related to our 2016 QSR Transaction was $2.6 million as of September 30, 2019 . In accordance with the terms of the 2018 QSR Transaction, cash payments for ceded premiums earned are settled on a quarterly basis, offset by amounts due to NMIC for ceding and profit commissions. Any loss recoveries and any potential profit commission to NMIC are also settled quarterly. NMIC's reinsurance recoverable balance is supported by trust accounts established and maintained by each reinsurer in accordance with the PMIERs funding requirements for risk ceded to non-affiliates. The reinsurance recoverable on loss reserves related to our 2018 QSR Transaction was $1.7 million as of September 30, 2019 . |