Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Accounting | ' |
Basis of Accounting and Principles of Consolidation |
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted according to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes, however, that the disclosures included in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2014. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the information required to be set forth therein. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of American Residential Properties, Inc., our Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership. All majority-owned subsidiaries are consolidated and included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
Investment in Real Estate | ' |
Investment in Real Estate |
Property acquired not subject to an existing lease is accounted for as an asset acquisition, with the property recorded at the purchase price, including acquisition costs, and allocated between land and building and improvements based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Property acquired with an existing lease is recorded as a business combination. For properties acquired through portfolio transactions, we determine whether the acquisition qualifies as a business combination based on the nature and status of the properties as of the acquisition date. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially leased at acquisition is treated as a business combination. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially vacant at acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. For property acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the land, building and improvements and the existing lease are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with acquisition costs expensed as incurred. |
Fair value is determined under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, primarily based on unobservable market data inputs, which are categorized as Level 3 inputs. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize our market knowledge and published market data. Our real estate portfolio is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years. |
We have acquired portfolios of leased properties from established local operators through our “preferred operator” program. In this program, we acquired portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a longer-term lease. In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property-related expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the lease. In-place lease intangibles associated with the preferred operator program are valued based on management’s estimates of lost rent and carrying costs. In-place lease intangibles associated with the acquisition of self-managed homes are valued based on management’s estimate of lost rent during the time it would take to locate a tenant and execute a lease if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating lost rent and carrying costs, management considers market rents, real estate taxes, insurance, costs to execute similar leases (including leasing commissions) and other related costs. The value assigned to in-place leases is amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining initial term of the related lease. The leases reflect market rental rates. |
We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be rented. These costs (including direct internal costs) are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration or improvement of our properties (including direct internal costs, primarily comprised of payroll expense) that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The Company capitalizes interest during the restoration period on newly acquired properties. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | ' |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant indicators of impairment may include, but are not limited to, declines in home values, rental rates and occupancy percentages and significant changes in the economy. We make our assessment at the individual property level because it represents the lowest level of cash flows. If an impairment indicator exists, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the property against its net carrying amount. We prepare our future undiscounted cash flow analysis using estimates based on current rental rates, renewals and occupancy, operating expenses and inputs from our annual planning process and historical performance. When preparing these estimates, we consider each property’s historical results, current operating trends and current market conditions. These estimates may be impacted by variable factors, including inflation, expected rental rates, the general health of the economy and market competition. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the net carrying amount of the property, we record an impairment loss for the difference between the estimated fair value of the individual property and the carrying amount of the property at that date. To determine the estimated fair value, we consider both recent comparable homes sales and the use of discounted projected future cash flows. The rates used to discount projected future cash flows reflect market discount rates. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
We lease single-family residences we own and manage directly to tenants who occupy the properties under operating leases, generally, with terms of one year. We perform credit investigations on prospective tenants and obtain security deposits. Rental revenue, net of any concessions, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as it is earned. Properties that are subject to longer-term operating arrangements with preferred operators are leased to the operator for a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. These operators are responsible for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the properties under the terms of the operating arrangements. Under our preferred operator program, we earn base rental revenue paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. We recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of the gross revenue the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. Percentage rental revenue is recorded when the gross revenue collected from the sub-tenants is known and the amount can be calculated. |
Mortgage Financings | ' |
Mortgage Financings |
We hold mortgage financing receivables for investment. The receivables are carried at cost, net of related unamortized premiums or discounts, if any. The mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes. |
Interest income on mortgage financings is recognized on the effective interest method applied on a loan-by-loan basis. Direct costs, if any, associated with funding loans are offset against any related fees received and the balance, along with any premium or discount, is deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest method. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents are held in depository accounts with financial institutions that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC. Cash balances with institutions may be in excess of federally insured limits or may be invested in time deposits that are not insured by the institution or the FDIC or any other government agency. We have not realized any losses in such cash investments and we believe that these investments are not exposed to any significant credit risk. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when acquired. Such investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. |
Restricted Cash | ' |
Restricted Cash |
Restricted cash primarily consists of funds that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements, which include payments of real estate taxes, insurance, interest, management fees and tenant security deposits. |
Rents and Other Receivables, Net | ' |
Rents and Other Receivables, Net |
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that may result from the inability of tenants, preferred operators or borrowers to make required rent or other payments. This allowance is estimated based on payment history and current credit status. If a tenant, preferred operator or borrower fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, we may recognize bad debt expense in future periods equal to the amount of unpaid rent, interest or principal and deferred rent. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our tenants, other than security deposits. Mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes. If estimates of collectibility differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted. |
Deferred Leasing Costs and In-Place Lease Intangibles, Net | ' |
Deferred Leasing Costs and In-Place Lease Intangibles, Net |
Deferred leasing commissions and other direct costs associated with leasing our properties (including direct internal costs) and in-place lease intangibles are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases. |
Deferred Financing Costs, Net | ' |
Deferred Financing Costs, Net |
Financing costs are recorded at cost and consist of loan fees and other costs incurred in connection with obtaining debt. Amortization of deferred financing costs is computed using a method, which approximates the effective interest method over the remaining life of the debt, and is included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. |
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures | ' |
Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures |
Investments in ventures are generally accounted for under the equity method of accounting when we exercise significant influence over the venture but we do not serve as managing member or control the venture. Net income/loss allocations are included in the investment balance along with the contributions made and distributions received over the life of the investment. |
Other Assets | ' |
Other Assets, Net |
Other assets include prepaid expenses, deposits, other receivables and other miscellaneous assets, including office property and equipment. Office property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets of three to seven years. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. We believe that we have operated in such a manner as to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that we qualify as a REIT and our distributions to our stockholders equal or exceed our REIT taxable income. |
Qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code related to the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be organized or be able to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and we may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local income and franchise taxes, and our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income. Franchise taxes are included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. |
We have elected to treat our TRS as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Certain activities that we undertake will be conducted in our TRS, such as third-party property management, non-customary services for our tenants and holding assets that we cannot hold directly. Our TRS is subject to both federal and state income taxes. |
We determine whether any tax positions taken or expected to be taken meet the "more-likely-than-not" threshold of being sustained by the applicable federal, state or local tax authority. As of September 30, 2014, we concluded that there is no tax liability relating to uncertain income tax positions. Our policy is to recognize interest related to any underpayment of income taxes as interest expense and to recognize any penalties as operating expenses. There was no accrual for interest or penalties at September 30, 2014. |
We file federal, state and local income tax returns. Federal and state tax returns filed for 2012 and 2013 are still subject to examination. We believe that we have appropriate support for the income tax positions taken on our tax returns. We had net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes at December 31, 2013 and 2012. These losses will be available to reduce future taxable income or distribution requirements until they expire, which varies by jurisdiction but generally is not more than 20 years from the tax year in which they originate. Based on all available evidence, we cannot conclude it is more likely than not these attributes will be utilized in the future and thus a valuation allowance has been recorded against them. |
Earnings (Loss) Per Share | ' |
Earnings (Loss) Per Share |
Basic earnings (loss) per share, or EPS, is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders as adjusted for dilutive securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities. Any anti-dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted per-share calculation. Potentially dilutive securities include unvested restricted shares of our common stock, Operating Partnership units, or OP units, vested and unvested Long Term Incentive Plan units, or LTIP units, and exchangeable senior notes. We intend to satisfy our exchange obligation for the principal amount of the exchangeable senior notes to the exchanging note holders entirely in cash. As we intend to settle the principal amount of the exchangeable senior notes in cash, the "if-converted" method to include debt in diluted EPS is not applicable and the treasury stock method is being used and as our stock price is below the conversion price, there is no impact. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08 Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which changes the criteria for determining which disposals are presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2014 and for interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted the provisions of this ASU and anticipates that the majority of property sales will not be classified as discontinued operations. |
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its financial statements. |
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. This guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017 and will not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The three levels of fair value defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, are as follows: |
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• | Level 1—Valuations based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access. |
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• | Level 2—Valuations based on quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
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• | Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, which are typically based on the reporting entity’s own assumptions. |
Companies are required to disclose the estimated fair values of all financial instruments, even if they are not carried at their fair value. The fair values of financial instruments are estimates based upon market conditions and perceived risks as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. These estimates require management’s judgment and may not be indicative of the future fair values of the assets and liabilities. |
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, acquisition deposits, rents and other receivables and accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these instruments approximates fair value because of their short-term nature. |
Our mortgage financings, the Credit Facility, the Notes and the Securitization Loan are also financial instruments, and we estimated their fair value based on market quotes for comparable instruments or discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates and credit spreads. The estimated fair values of the Credit Facility using Level 2 assumptions approximate the carrying amounts. The estimated fair values of our mortgage financing receivables using Level 3 assumptions approximate the carrying amounts. |