Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Accounting | The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures required for annual financial statements have been condensed or excluded pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries), considered necessary for a fair presentation of our results have been included. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year. |
Principles of Consolidation | The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of American Residential Properties, Inc., our Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership. All majority-owned subsidiaries are consolidated and included in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Use of Estimates | The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the amounts reported in these financial statements and accompanying footnotes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
Investment in Real Estate | Property acquired not subject to an existing lease is accounted for as an asset acquisition, with the property recorded at the purchase price, including acquisition costs, and allocated between land and building and improvements based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Property acquired with an existing lease is recorded as a business combination. For properties acquired through portfolio transactions, we determine whether the acquisition qualifies as a business combination based on the nature and status of the properties as of the acquisition date. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially leased at acquisition is treated as a business combination. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially vacant at acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. For property acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the land, building and improvements and the existing lease are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with acquisition costs expensed as incurred. |
Fair value is determined under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, primarily based on unobservable market data inputs, which are categorized as Level 3 inputs. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize our market knowledge and published market data. Our real estate portfolio is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years. |
We have acquired portfolios of leased properties from established local operators ("local operators"), that retain day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a longer-term net lease. In these arrangements, the local operator is responsible for all property-related expenses and we receive rental payments from the local operator that escalate over the term of the net lease. In-place lease intangibles associated with homes managed by local operators are valued based on management’s estimates of lost rent and carrying costs. In-place lease intangibles associated with the acquisition of self-managed homes are valued based on management’s estimate of lost rent during the time it would take to locate a tenant and execute a lease if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating lost rent and carrying costs, management considers market rents, real estate taxes, insurance, costs to execute similar leases (including leasing commissions) and other related costs. The value assigned to in-place leases is amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining initial term of the related lease. The leases reflect market rental rates. |
We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be rented. These costs (including direct internal costs) are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration or improvement of our properties (including direct internal costs) that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The Company capitalizes interest during the restoration period on newly acquired properties. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. |
Revenue Recognition | We lease single-family residences we own and manage directly to tenants who occupy the properties under operating leases, generally, with terms of one year. We perform credit investigations on prospective tenants and obtain security deposits. Rental revenue, net of any concessions, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as it is earned. Properties that are subject to longer-term operating arrangements with local operators are leased to the operator for a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. These local operators are responsible for all taxes, insurance, maintenance and capital expenses (including significant capital improvements) of the properties under the terms of the operating arrangements. Under our local operator net lease agreements, we earn base rental revenue paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. We recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of the gross revenue the local operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. Percentage rental revenue is recorded when the gross revenue collected from the sub-tenants is known and the amount can be calculated. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2014-09"), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. ASU 2014-09 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016; however, the FASB has issued an exposure draft regarding the deferral of the effective date of the standard. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its financial statements. |
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In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02"). ASU 2015-02 makes targeted amendments to the current consolidation guidance and ends the deferral granted to investment companies from applying the existing variable interest entity guidance. ASU 2015-02 will be effective for public entities for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 with early adoption allowed in any interim period. We have not yet selected a transition method nor have we determined the effect of ASU 2015-02 on our ongoing financial reporting. |
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In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs ("ASU 2015-03"). ASU 2015-03 will require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability, which are currently presented as deferred charges (assets), be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. ASU 2015-03 will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements |
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The three levels of fair value defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, are as follows: |
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• | Level 1—Valuations based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access. |
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• | Level 2—Valuations based on quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
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• | Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, which are typically based on the reporting entity’s own assumptions. |
Companies are required to disclose the estimated fair values of all financial instruments, even if they are not carried at their fair value. The fair values of financial instruments are estimates based upon market conditions and perceived risks as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. These estimates require management’s judgment and may not be indicative of the future fair values of the assets and liabilities. |
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, acquisition deposits, rents and other receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, security deposits and prepaid rent. Due to the short-term nature of these financial assets and liabilities, we consider the carrying amounts to approximate fair value. |
Our mortgage financings, the Credit Facility, the Notes and the Securitization Loan are also financial instruments, and we estimated their fair value based on market quotes for comparable instruments or discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates and credit spreads. The estimated fair values of the Credit Facility using Level 2 assumptions approximate the carrying amounts. The estimated fair values of our mortgage financing receivables using Level 3 assumptions approximate the carrying amounts. |