JD.com (JD) 20-F 15 Apr 20 2019 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Amendment Flag	false
Document Type	20-F
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001549802
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Registrant Name	JD.com, Inc.
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36450
Document Shell Company Report	false
Document Accounting Standard	U.S. GAAP
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	E9
Entity Address, Address Line One	20th Floor, Building A
Entity Address, Address Line Two	No. 18 Kechuang 11 Street
Entity Address, Address Line Three	Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone
Entity Address, City or Town	Daxing District
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	101111
Entity Address, Country	CN
Business contact
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Address, Address Line One	20th Floor, Building A
Entity Address, Address Line Two	No. 18 Kechuang 11 Street
Entity Address, Address Line Three	Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone
Entity Address, City or Town	Daxing District
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	101111
Contact Personnel Name	Sidney Xuande Huang
Entity Address, Country	CN
Contact Personnel Email Address	Email: ir@jd.com
American depositary shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Trading Symbol	JD
Title of 12(b) Security	American depositary shares
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Class A ordinary shares
Document Information [Line Items]
No Trading Symbol Flag	true
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A ordinary shares
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	2,483,366,264
Class B ordinary shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	453,672,011

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,310,612	¥ 36,971,420	¥ 34,262,445	¥ 25,688,327
Restricted cash	422,428	2,940,859	3,239,613	4,110,210
Short-term investments	3,533,968	24,602,777	2,035,575	8,587,852
Accounts receivable, net	889,222	6,190,588	11,109,988	16,359,147
Advance to suppliers	85,198	593,130	477,109	394,574
Inventories, net	8,321,434	57,932,156	44,030,084	41,700,379
Loan receivables, net	222,853	1,551,459	2,716,475	5,132,698
Prepayments and other current assets	585,783	4,078,102	3,848,225	2,258,904
Amount due from related parties	608,186	4,234,067	3,136,265	10,796,561
Total current assets	19,979,684	139,094,558	104,855,779	115,028,652
Non-current assets
Property, equipment and software, net	2,966,772	20,654,071	21,082,838	12,574,178
Construction in progress	834,024	5,806,308	6,553,712	3,196,516
Intangible assets, net	590,369	4,110,034	5,011,706	6,692,717
Land use rights, net	1,564,501	10,891,742	10,475,658	7,050,809
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,241,575	8,643,597
Goodwill	954,303	6,643,669	6,643,669	6,650,570
Investment in equity investees	5,110,145	35,575,807	31,356,616	18,551,319
Investment securities	3,076,375	21,417,104	15,901,573	10,027,813
Deferred tax assets	11,571	80,556	103,158	158,250
Other non-current assets	977,658	6,806,258	5,283,948	2,227,942
Amount due from related parties			1,896,200	1,896,200
Total non-current assets	17,327,293	120,629,146	104,309,078	69,026,314
Total assets	37,306,977	259,723,704	209,164,857	184,054,966
Current liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the primary beneficiaries of RMB7,577,086, RMB9,234,523 and RMB14,399,069 as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Note 1)
Short-term borrowings		0	147,264	200,000
Nonrecourse securitization debt			4,397,670	12,684,881
Accounts payable	12,989,224	90,428,382	79,985,018	74,337,708
Advance from customers	2,309,549	16,078,619	13,017,603	13,605,298
Deferred revenues (including amounts in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties of RMB813,525, RMB863,480 and RMB796,193 as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively)	477,835	3,326,594	1,980,489	1,592,332
Taxes payable	289,550	2,015,788	825,677	658,220
Amount due to related parties	45,675	317,978	215,614	54,342
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	3,541,639	24,656,180	20,292,680	15,117,840
Operating lease liabilities	458,715	3,193,480
Total current liabilities	20,112,187	140,017,021	120,862,015	118,250,621
Non-current liabilities
Deferred revenues (including amounts in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties of RMB1,273,545, RMB463,153 and RMB1,747,020 as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively)	279,042	1,942,635	463,153	1,273,545
Nonrecourse securitization debt				4,475,238
Unsecured senior notes	992,917	6,912,492	6,786,143	6,447,357
Deferred tax liabilities	192,334	1,338,988	828,473	882,248
Long-term borrowings	450,931	3,139,290	3,088,440
Operating lease liabilities	793,353	5,523,164
Other non-current liabilities	32,446	225,883	308,489	337,254
Total non-current liabilities	2,741,023	19,082,452	11,474,698	13,415,642
Total liabilities	22,853,210	159,099,473	132,336,713	131,666,263
MEZZANINE EQUITY
Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests (Note 23)	2,293,140	15,964,384	15,961,284
JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity
Ordinary shares value	55	381	380	377
Additional paid-in capital	13,024,810	90,676,122	82,832,895	76,254,607
Statutory reserves	209,596	1,459,165	1,400,412	635,966
Treasury stock	(363,436)	(2,530,166)	(3,783,729)	(4,457,608)
Accumulated deficit	(1,711,149)	(11,912,679)	(24,038,081)	(22,234,609)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	597,999	4,163,147	3,359,096	1,842,081
Total JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity	11,757,875	81,855,970	59,770,973	52,040,814
Non-controlling interests	402,752	2,803,877	1,095,887	347,889
Total shareholders' equity	12,160,627	84,659,847	60,866,860	52,388,703
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity	$ 37,306,977	¥ 259,723,704	¥ 209,164,857	¥ 184,054,966

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)shares
Current liabilities, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries	¥ 140,017,021	¥ 120,862,015	¥ 118,250,621
Deferred revenues - current	3,326,594	1,980,489	1,592,332
Deferred revenues - non-current	¥ 1,942,635	¥ 463,153	¥ 1,273,545
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000
Class A ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,520,271,138	2,507,473,330	2,477,346,590
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,480,575,334	2,447,926,638	2,406,652,132
Class B ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	453,672,011	458,342,517	461,362,309
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	443,739,929	446,369,717	446,011,297
Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Deferred revenues - current | ¥	¥ 796,193	¥ 863,480	¥ 813,525
Deferred revenues - non-current | ¥	1,747,020	463,153	1,273,545
Consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries
Current liabilities, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiaries | ¥	¥ 14,399,069	¥ 9,234,523	¥ 7,577,086

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income/(Loss) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)¥ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)¥ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)¥ / sharesshares
Net revenues
Total net revenues	$ 82,864,846	¥ 576,888,484	¥ 462,019,759	¥ 362,331,754
Cost of revenues	(70,738,515)	(492,467,391)	(396,066,126)	(311,516,831)
Fulfillment	(5,310,127)	(36,968,041)	(32,009,658)	(25,865,128)
Marketing	(3,193,721)	(22,234,045)	(19,236,740)	(14,918,107)
Research and development	(2,099,842)	(14,618,677)	(12,144,383)	(6,652,374)
General and administrative	(788,612)	(5,490,159)	(5,159,666)	(4,214,790)
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets			(22,317)
Gain on sale of development properties	558,004	3,884,709
Income/(loss) from operations	1,292,033	8,994,880	(2,619,131)	(835,476)
Other income/(expense)
Share of results of equity investees	(249,680)	(1,738,219)	(1,113,105)	(1,926,720)
Interest income	256,481	1,785,572	2,117,921	2,530,490
Interest expense	(104,141)	(725,010)	(854,538)	(963,742)
Others, net	772,115	5,375,309	95,175	1,316,408
Income/(loss) before tax	1,966,808	13,692,532	(2,373,678)	120,960
Income tax expenses	(258,904)	(1,802,440)	(426,872)	(139,593)
Net income/(loss) from continuing operations	1,707,904	11,890,092	(2,800,550)	(18,633)
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax				6,915
Net income/(loss)	1,707,904	11,890,092	(2,800,550)	(11,718)
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders	(42,685)	(297,163)	(311,409)	(135,452)
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders				(5,030)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling interests shareholders	445	3,100	2,492
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling interests shareholders				281,021
Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders	1,750,144	12,184,155	(2,491,633)	(152,257)
Including: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders				(269,076)
Net income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders	1,750,144	12,184,155	(2,491,633)	116,819
Net income/(loss)	1,707,904	11,890,092	(2,800,550)	(11,718)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	114,004	793,671	2,696,784	(822,052)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains, net of tax	44,920	312,723	237,585	1,473,014
Reclassification adjustment for gains recorded in net income, net of tax	(37,137)	(258,537)	(260,712)	(352,274)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	7,783	54,186	(23,127)	1,120,740
Total other comprehensive income	121,787	847,857	2,673,657	298,688
Total comprehensive income/(loss)	1,829,691	12,737,949	(126,893)	286,970
Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders	(36,392)	(253,357)	(311,409)	(140,482)
Total comprehensive income attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling interests shareholders	445	3,100	2,492	281,021
Total comprehensive income attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ 1,865,638	¥ 12,988,206	¥ 182,024	¥ 146,431
Basic
Continuing operations | (per share)	$ 0.60	¥ 4.18	¥ (0.87)	¥ 0.04
Discontinued operations | ¥ / shares				(0.09)
Net income/(loss) per share | (per share)	0.60	4.18	(0.87)	(0.05)
Diluted
Continuing operations | (per share)	0.59	4.11	(0.87)	0.04
Discontinued operations | ¥ / shares				(0.09)
Net income/(loss) per share | (per share)	$ 0.59	¥ 4.11	¥ (0.87)	¥ (0.05)
Weighted average number of shares
Basic | shares	2,912,637,241	2,912,637,241	2,877,902,678	2,844,826,014
Diluted | shares	2,967,321,803	2,967,321,803	2,877,902,678	2,911,461,817
Products
Net revenues
Total net revenues	$ 73,362,344	¥ 510,733,967	¥ 416,108,746	¥ 331,824,410
Service
Net revenues
Total net revenues	$ 9,502,502	¥ 66,154,517	¥ 45,911,013	¥ 30,507,344

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income/(loss)	$ 1,707,904	¥ 11,890,092	¥ (2,800,550)	¥ (11,718)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax				(6,915)
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	837,148	5,828,055	5,560,034	4,192,716
Share-based compensation	530,746	3,694,955	3,659,989	2,780,062
(Gains)/losses from disposal of property, equipment and software	9,407	65,492	(11,166)	11,591
Deferred income tax	76,577	533,117	(10,454)	(221,010)
Amortization of discounts and issuance costs of the unsecured senior notes	2,128	14,812	13,649	13,426
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets			22,317
Impairment of investments	280,679	1,954,031	593,138	139,823
Fair value change of long-term investments	(502,127)	(3,495,709)	1,512,979
Gain from business and investment disposals	(172,284)	(1,199,407)	(1,320,266)	(74,965)
Gain on sale of development properties	(558,004)	(3,884,709)
Share of results of equity investees	249,680	1,738,219	1,113,105	1,926,720
Foreign exchange (gains)/losses	(17,822)	(124,070)	192,491	(213,482)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	565,485	3,936,793	4,287,004	(545,991)
Inventories	(1,998,852)	(13,915,610)	(2,342,058)	(12,788,337)
Advance to suppliers	(18,359)	(127,812)	(75,370)	(137,457)
Prepayments and other current assets	69,819	486,067	(899,139)	(328,041)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(202,152)	(1,407,345)
Amount due from related parties	(215,566)	(1,500,728)	1,769,930	2,456,933
Other non-current assets	(58,740)	(408,937)	44,990	(372,576)
Accounts payable	1,492,623	10,391,341	5,466,698	26,106,191
Advance from customers	439,688	3,061,018	(745,854)	2,138,964
Deferred revenues	65,325	454,780	(603,464)	(374,042)
Taxes payable	103,821	722,781	166,120	92,932
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	634,557	4,417,646	5,158,390	4,624,014
Operating lease liabilities	218,569	1,521,635
Amount due to related parties	19,350	134,713	128,909	(66,370)
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities	3,559,600	24,781,220	20,881,422	29,342,468
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities				(2,485,741)
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,559,600	24,781,220	20,881,422	26,856,727
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments	(3,519,398)	(24,501,345)	(2,518,000)	(9,288,743)
Maturity of short-term investments	289,914	2,018,324	9,053,087	7,211,608
Purchases of investment securities	(110,721)	(770,818)	(4,562,283)	(7,824,277)
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	144,946	1,009,088	317,975
Cash paid for investments in equity investees	(1,509,442)	(10,508,432)	(17,398,204)	(6,207,880)
Cash received from disposal of equity investment	518,014	3,606,308	1,606,338	202,774
Cash paid for loan originations	(6,257,068)	(43,560,458)	(36,432,214)	(24,379,691)
Cash received from loan repayments	6,405,302	44,592,432	38,984,140	23,019,358
Purchase of property, equipment and software	(373,045)	(2,597,069)	(9,743,453)	(3,294,286)
Purchase of intangible assets	(5,954)	(41,449)	(130,797)	(8,774)
Purchase of land use rights	(149,258)	(1,039,106)	(4,136,305)	(4,785,538)
Cash paid for construction in progress	(764,453)	(5,321,968)	(7,358,939)	(3,267,277)
Cash received from sale of development properties	1,135,518	7,905,251
Cash paid for business combination, net of cash acquired	(5,944)	(41,380)	(19,578)	(160,658)
Loans (provided to)/settled by JD Digits	595,937	4,148,796	6,259,241	(6,187,891)
Proceeds from JD Digits reorganization (Note 6)				13,027,155
Other investing activities	(35,556)	(247,531)
Net cash used in continuing investing activities	(3,641,208)	(25,349,357)	(26,078,992)	(21,944,120)
Net cash used in discontinued investing activities				(17,871,171)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,641,208)	(25,349,357)	(26,078,992)	(39,815,291)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares			3,531,870
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(18,818)	(131,010)	(205,886)
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options				737,501
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share-based awards	16,110	112,153	48,555	135,745
Proceeds from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares of JD Logistics, net			15,958,792
Capital injection from non-controlling interest shareholders	955,035	6,648,761	805,561	209,725
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	833,664	5,803,800	1,179,422	700,000
Repayment of short-term borrowings	(857,504)	(5,969,768)	(1,200,000)	(2,356,888)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings			2,890,575
Proceeds from nonrecourse securitization debt				16,500,000
Repayment of nonrecourse securitization debt	(558,222)	(3,886,227)	(11,960,194)	(10,889,371)
Other financing activities	(753)	(5,242)	171,233	143,653
Net cash provided by continuing financing activities	369,512	2,572,467	11,219,928	5,180,365
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities				14,054,620
Net cash provided by financing activities	369,512	2,572,467	11,219,928	19,234,985
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	58,302	405,891	1,681,163	(641,534)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	346,206	2,410,221	7,703,521	5,634,887
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	5,386,834	37,502,058	29,798,537	24,163,650
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year	5,733,040	39,912,279	37,502,058	29,798,537
Supplemental cash flow disclosures of continuing operations:
Cash paid for income taxes	(116,008)	(807,622)	(666,305)	(240,899)
Cash paid for interest	(97,550)	(679,120)	(421,035)	¥ (577,306)
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with strategic cooperation agreement with Tencent	109,052	759,195
Equity investments obtained through commitment of future services and contribution of certain business	340,545	2,370,807	¥ 181,228
Right-of-use assets acquired under operating leases	$ 698,206	¥ 4,860,770

Consolidated Statements of Chan

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	USD ($)	CNY (¥)	Ordinary sharesCNY (¥)shares	Treasury stockCNY (¥)shares	Additional paid-in capitalCNY (¥)	Statutory reservesCNY (¥)	Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)CNY (¥)	Accumulated deficitCNY (¥)	Non-controlling interestsCNY (¥)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016		¥ 34,162,862	¥ 377	¥ (5,181,880)	¥ 59,258,417	¥ 132,938	¥ 1,543,393	¥ (21,860,345)	¥ 269,962
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016 | shares			2,938,708,899	(102,264,502)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Repurchase of ordinary shares		737,501			737,501
Accretion of convertible redeemable non-controlling interests		(281,021)			(281,021)
Exercise of share-based awards		145,027		¥ 259,583	(114,556)
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) | shares				4,116,816
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards		2,925,474		¥ 464,689	2,460,785
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) | shares				12,102,216
Net income/(loss)		(11,718)						128,764	(140,482)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(822,052)					(822,052)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt securities		1,120,740					1,120,740
Statutory reserves						503,028		(503,028)
Change of the capital from non-controlling interest shareholders		231,055							231,055
Gain from JD Digits reorganization		14,180,835			14,193,481				(12,646)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017		52,388,703	¥ 377	¥ (4,457,608)	76,254,607	635,966	1,842,081	(22,234,609)	347,889
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017 | shares			2,938,708,899	(86,045,470)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of ordinary shares		3,531,870	¥ 3		3,531,867
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares) | shares			27,106,948
Repurchase of ordinary shares		(205,886)		¥ (205,886)
Repurchase of ordinary shares (in shares) | shares				(2,792,400)
Accretion of convertible redeemable non-controlling interests		(2,492)						(2,492)
Exercise of share-based awards		37,190		¥ 67,982	(30,792)
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) | shares				1,077,036
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards		3,659,989		¥ 811,783	2,447,238				400,968
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) | shares				16,241,342
Net income/(loss)		(2,800,550)						(2,489,141)	(311,409)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		2,696,784					2,696,784
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt securities		(23,127)					(23,127)
Statutory reserves						764,446		(764,446)
Change of the capital from non-controlling interest shareholders		658,439							658,439
Share of changes in the equity investee's capital accounts		629,975			629,975
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		60,866,860	¥ 380	¥ (3,783,729)	82,832,895	1,400,412	3,359,096	(24,038,081)	1,095,887
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018 | shares			2,965,815,847	(71,519,492)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to revenue recognition and financial instruments		295,965					(1,156,642)	1,452,607
Issuance of ordinary shares		759,195	¥ 1		759,194
Issuance of ordinary shares (in shares) | shares			8,127,302
Repurchase of ordinary shares		(131,010)		¥ (131,010)
Repurchase of ordinary shares (in shares) | shares				(1,871,696)
Accretion of convertible redeemable non-controlling interests		(3,100)						(3,100)
Exercise of share-based awards		120,437		¥ 210,336	(79,352)				(10,547)
Exercise of share-based awards (in shares) | shares				3,299,962
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards		3,694,955		¥ 1,174,237	1,948,609				572,109
Share-based compensation and vesting of share-based awards (in shares) | shares				20,463,340
Net income/(loss)	$ 1,707,904	11,890,092						12,187,255	(297,163)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		793,671					749,865		43,806
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt securities	7,783	54,186					54,186
Statutory reserves						58,753		(58,753)
Change of the capital from non-controlling interest shareholders		6,628,506			5,228,721				1,399,785
Share of changes in the equity investee's capital accounts		(13,945)			(13,945)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 12,160,627	¥ 84,659,847	¥ 381	¥ (2,530,166)	¥ 90,676,122	¥ 1,459,165	¥ 4,163,147	¥ (11,912,679)	¥ 2,803,877
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019 | shares			2,973,943,149	(49,627,886)

Principal activities and organi

Principal activities and organization	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Principal activities and organization
Principal activities and organization	1. Principal activities and organization JD.com, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading technology driven e-commerce company transforming to become the leading supply chain based technology and service provider, providing products and services to consumers, third-party merchants, suppliers and other business partners through its subsidiaries, consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) (collectively, the “Group”). The Group operates e-commerce business, including online retail and online marketplace mainly through its retail mobile apps and www.jd.com website (collectively, “JD Platform”). The Group serves consumers through online retail, focusing on product selection, price and convenience, serves third-party merchants through online marketplace, offering programs that enable the merchants to sell their products on JD Platform and to fulfill the orders either by themselves or through the Group’s logistic services. Leveraging its AI capabilities and technologies, the Group provides a variety of marketing services to business partners through its proprietary advertisement technology platform. Leveraging its nationwide fulfillment infrastructure, the Group provides comprehensive supply chain solutions, primarily including warehousing, transportation, delivery and after-sales service to third parties, including both third-party merchants and suppliers on JD Platform and other business partners, through the Group’s logistics business (“JD Logistics”). Prior to June 2017, the Group offered financial services to its suppliers, third-party merchants and qualified individual customers through the Group’s finance business (“JD Digits”, formerly known as “JD Finance”), which was deconsolidated from the Group since June 30, 2017 as a result of the reorganization of JD Digits. Upon the reorganization of JD Digits, the Group disposed all its equity stake in JD Digits and was entitled to a profit sharing right from JD Digits when JD Digits has a positive pre-tax income on a cumulative basis. In addition, the Group would be able to convert its profit sharing right with respect to JD Digits into JD Digits’s equity interest, subject to applicable regulatory approvals (Note 6). In 2018, the Group established JD Property Management Group (“JD Property”), which owns, develops and manages the Group’s logistics facilities and other real estate properties, to support JD Logistics and other third parties. By leveraging its fund management platform, JD Property can realize development profits and recycle capital from mature properties to fund new developments and scale the business. The Group’s principal operations and geographic markets are in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s major subsidiaries, consolidated VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows: Equity interest held Place and date of incorporation Subsidiaries Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”) 100% Beijing, China, April 2007 Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd. 100% Jiangsu, China, June 2009 Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Shengdayuan”) 100% Shanghai, China, April 2011 Jingdong E-Commerce 80% Hong Kong, China, August 2011 Jingdong Technology Group Corporation 100% Cayman Islands, November 2011 Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation 100% Cayman Islands, January 2012 Jingdong Express Group Corporation (“Jingdong Express”) 80% Cayman Islands, January 2012 JD.com E-Commerce 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 Jingdong E-Commerce 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 Jingdong E-Commerce 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 JD.com International Limited 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”) 100% Beijing, China, March 2012 JD.com E-Commerce . 100% Hong Kong, China, July 2013 JD.com American Technologies Corporation 100% Delaware, USA, August 2013 Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce 100% Chongqing, China, June 2014 JD.com Overseas Innovation Limited 100% Hong Kong, China, October 2014 JD.com International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 100% Singapore, November 2014 JD.com Investment Limited 100% British Virgin Islands, January 2015 JD Asia Development Limited 100% British Virgin Islands, February 2015 JD.com Asia Investment Corporation 100% Cayman Islands, March 2015 Suqian Hanbang Investment Management Co., Ltd . 100% Jiangsu, China, January 2016 Xi’an Jingxundi Supply Chain Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an Jingxundi”) 80% Shaanxi, China, May 2017 Xi’an Jingdong Xuncheng Logistics Co., Ltd. 80% Shaanxi, China, June 2017 Jingdong Express International Limited 80% British Virgin Islands, November 2017 Beijing Jinghong Logistics Co., Ltd. 80% Beijing, China, November 2017 JD Assets Holding Limited 100% Cayman Islands, March 2018 JD Logistics Holding Limited 100% Cayman Islands, March 2018 JD Health International Inc. 86% Cayman Islands, November 2018 JD Jiankang Limited 100% British Virgin Islands, April 2019 Place and date of incorporation Consolidated VIEs Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Beijing, China, April 2007 Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Jiangsu, China, September 2010 Jiangsu Jingdong Bangneng Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Bangneng”) Jiangsu, China, August 2015 Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng”) Shaanxi, China, June 2017 Consolidated VIEs’ Subsidiaries Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Jingbangda”) Beijing, China, August 2012 Hengqin Junze Management Consulting Co., Ltd. Guangdong, China, April 2017 Suqian Jingdong Mingfeng Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Jiangsu, China, July 2017 Suqian Jingdong Jinyi Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Jiangsu, China, August 2017 Suqian Jingdong Sanhong Enterprise Management Center (limited partnership) Jiangsu, China, August 2017 • Organization The Company was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) in November 2006 and was re-domiciled In April 2007 and May 2017, the Company established Jingdong Century and Xi’an Jingxundi as wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the PRC, respectively. In April 2007, September 2010, August 2015 and June 2017, Jingdong 360, Jiangsu Yuanzhou, Jingdong Bangneng and Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng were incorporated in the PRC, respectively. The paid-in • Consolidated variable interest entities In order to comply with the PRC laws and regulations which prohibit or restrict foreign control of companies involved in provision of internet content and other restricted businesses, the Group operates its websites and other restricted businesses in the PRC through certain PRC domestic companies, whose equity interests are held by certain management members of the Group (“Nominee Shareholders”). The Group obtained control over these PRC domestic companies by entering into a series of Contractual Arrangements with these PRC domestic companies and their respective Nominee Shareholders. These contractual agreements include loan agreements, exclusive purchase option agreements, exclusive technology consulting and services agreements, intellectual property rights license agreement, equity pledge agreements, powers of attorney, business cooperation agreement and business operation agreements. These contractual agreements can be extended at the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries’ options prior to the expiration date. Management concluded that these PRC domestic companies are consolidated VIEs of the Group, of which the Group is the ultimate primary beneficiary. As such, the Group consolidated the financial results of these PRC domestic companies and their subsidiaries in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 2(b) to the consolidated financial statements for the principles of consolidation. The following is a summary of the contractual agreements (collectively, “Contractual Agreements”) that the Group, through its subsidiaries, entered into with the consolidated VIEs and their Nominee Shareholders: • Loan agreements Pursuant to the relevant loan agreements, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries have granted interest-free loans to the relevant Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs with the sole purpose of providing funds necessary for the capital injection to the relevant VIEs. The loans for initial and subsequent capital injections are eliminated with the capital of the relevant VIEs during consolidation. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries can require the Nominee Shareholders to settle the loan amount with the equity interests of relevant VIEs, subject to any applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. The loan agreements are renewable upon expiration. • Exclusive purchase option agreements The Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs have granted the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries the exclusive and irrevocable rights to purchase from the Nominee Shareholders, to the extent permitted under the PRC laws and regulations, part or all of the equity interests in these entities for a purchase price equal to the lowest price permitted by the PRC laws and regulations. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries may exercise such option at any time. In addition, the VIEs and their Nominee Shareholders have agreed that without prior written consent of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries, they will not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividend. • Exclusive technology consulting and services agreements The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries and relevant VIEs entered into exclusive technology consulting and services agreements under which relevant VIEs engage the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as their exclusive provider of technical platform and technical support, maintenance and other services. The VIEs shall pay to the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries service fees determined based on the volume and market price of the service provided. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreements. During the term of the agreements, the relevant VIEs may not enter into any agreement with third parties for the provision of identical or similar services without prior consent of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries. • Intellectual property rights license agreement Pursuant to the intellectual property rights license agreement, Jingdong Century has granted Jingdong 360 non-exclusive • Equity pledge agreements Pursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreements, the Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs have pledged all of their equity interests in relevant VIEs to the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as collateral for all of their payments due to the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries and to secure their obligations under the above agreements. The Nominee Shareholders may not transfer or assign the equity interests, the rights and obligations in the equity pledge agreements or create or permit to create any pledges which may have an adverse effect on the rights or benefits of the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries without the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries’ preapproval. The Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries are entitled to transfer or assign in full or in part the equity interests pledged. In the event of default, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as the pledgee, will be entitled to request immediate repayment of the loans or to dispose of the pledged equity interests through transfer or assignment. The equity pledge agreements will expire on the second anniversary of the date when the Nominee Shareholders have completed all their obligations under the above agreements unless otherwise terminated earlier by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries. • Powers of attorney Pursuant to the irrevocable powers of attorney, each of the Nominee Shareholders appointed any person designated by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries as their attorney-in-fact • Business cooperation agreement Pursuant to the business cooperation agreement, Jingdong 360 has agreed to provide services to Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan including operating the Group’s website, posting Jingdong Century’s and Shanghai Shengdayuan’s products and services information on the website, transmitting the users’ orders and transactions information to Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan, processing user data and transactions in collaboration with banks and payment agents and other services reasonably requested by Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan. Jingdong Century and Shanghai Shengdayuan agree to pay service fees to Jingdong 360 on a quarterly basis. The service fee is decided based on Jingdong 360’s operating costs incurred. • Business operation agreements Pursuant to the business operation agreements, the relevant Nominee Shareholders of the VIEs must appoint the candidates nominated by the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries to be the directors on the VIEs’ board of directors in accordance with applicable laws and the articles of association of the VIE s chief • Risks in relations to the VIE structure The Company believes that the contractual arrangements among its subsidiaries, the VIEs and its shareholders are in compliance with the current PRC laws and legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the PRC laws, regulations and policies could limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. As a result, the Company may be unable to consolidate the VIEs and its subsidiary in the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s ability to control its VIEs also depends on the authorization by the shareholders of the VIEs to exercise voting rights on all matters requiring shareholders’ approval in the VIEs. The Company believes that the agreements on authorization to exercise shareholder’s voting power are legally enforceable. In addition, if the legal structure and contractual arrangements with its VIEs were found to be in violation of any future PRC laws and regulations, the Company may be subject to fines or other actions. The Company believes the possibility that it will no longer be able to control and consolidate its VIEs as a result of the aforementioned risks is remote. The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and changes in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of the consolidated VIEs structured by the Contractual Agreements and their subsidiaries taken as a whole, which were included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Total assets 19,281,227 23,878,253 38,749,631 Total liabilities 19,547,831 26,717,946 43,734,593 For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Total net revenues 15,926,297 37,561,128 59,306,001 Net loss (115,318 ) (2,646,122 ) (2,268,090 ) For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities 1,188,220 (1,144,849 ) 953,673 Net cash used in investing activities (10,117,516 ) (7,596,181 ) (6,450,150 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 9,626,497 8,902,074 5,542,926 Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 697,201 161,044 46,449 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year 21,959 719,160 880,204 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year 719,160 880,204 926,653 As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the total assets of the Group’s consolidated VIEs (where appropriate, the term “VIEs” also refers to its subsidiaries as a whole) were mainly consisting of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, inventories, prepayments and other current assets, investment securities, investment in equity investees, property, equipment and software, intangible assets, operating lease right-of-use assets and other non-current assets. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the total liabilities of the consolidated VIEs were mainly consisting of accounts payable, advance from customers, deferred revenues, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, operating lease liabilities and liabilities to the Group’s other subsidiaries. These balances have been reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany transactions eliminated. In accordance with the Contractual Agreements, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries have the power to direct activities of the Group’s consolidated VIEs, and can have assets transferred out of the Group’s consolidated VIEs. Therefore, the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries consider that there is no the December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Currently there is no contractual arrangement that could require the Group’s relevant PRC subsidiaries or the Group to provide additional financial support to the Group’s consolidated VIEs. As the Group is conducting certain businesses in the PRC through the consolidated VIEs, the Group may provide additional financial support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Group to a loss. The Group periodically securitizes consumer financing receivables through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles, which was considered as variable interest entities of the Group when the Group held the subordinate tranche of such securitization vehicles. The Group consolidated such variable interest entities when the Group or any subsidiary was considered as the primary beneficiary, please refer to Note 2(v). JD Digits, which was deconsolidated from the Group since June 30, 2017 as a result of its reorganization (Note 6), is a VIE of the Group while the Group or any subsidiary is not considered the primary beneficiary.

Summary of significant accounti

Summary of significant accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Summary of significant accounting policies
Summary of significant accounting policies	2. Summary of significant accounting policies a. Basis of presentation The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below. b. Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and A consolidated VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, through the Contractual Arrangements, bear the risks of, and enjoy the rewards normally associated with, ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiary of the entity. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries and c. Reclassifications In 2018, items related to restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation to facilitate comparison as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Statement of cash flows (Topic 230): restricted cash . d. Non-controlling For the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs, non-controlling Non-controlling e. Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates are used for, but not limited to, returns allowance, vendor and customer incentives, determination of the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”), the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation arrangements, taxation, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, fair value of certain equity investees, assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, investment in equity investees, investment securities, intangible assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserve for excess and obsolete inventories, lower of cost and net realizable value of inventories, depreciable lives of property, equipment and software, useful lives of intangible assets, the discount rate for lease, redemption value of the redeemable preferred shares and consolidation of VIEs. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates. f. Foreign currency translation The Group’s reporting currency is Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in Cayman Islands, BVI, Hong Kong, Singapore and the United States of America is U.S. dollars (“US$”). The Group’s PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs determined their functional currency to be RMB. The Group’s entities incorporated in the Republic of Indonesia, Japan, France, Australia and other jurisdictions generally use their respective local currencies as their functional currencies. The determination of the respective functional currency is based on the criteria of ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters . Transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currency are translated into functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by authoritative banks prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from those foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded as a component of others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). Total exchange gains/(losses) were a gain of RMB213,482, a loss of RMB192,491 and a gain of RMB124,070 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The consolidated g. Convenience translation Translations of the consolidated balance sheets, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) and the consolidated statements of cash flows from RMB into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB6.9618, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 31, 2019. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2019, or at any other rate. h. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, money market fund investments, time deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, which have original maturities of three months or less. i. Restricted cash Cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or for use or pledged as security is reported separately on the face of the consolidated balance sheets, and is included in the total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Group’s restricted cash mainly represents security deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance and letter of guarantee. j. Short-term investments Short-term investments include wealth management products, which are certain deposits with variable interest rates or principal not-guaranteed available-for-sale held-to-maturity In addition, short-term investments are also comprised of time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year. k. Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable, net mainly represent amounts due from customers and online payment channels and are recorded net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, provides consumer financing to the qualified customers in the online retail business, such consumer financing receivables are recorded as accounts receivable. Due to the legacy contractual arrangements with JD Digits, the Group remains as the legal owner of the consumer financing receivables, where JD Digits performs the related credit assessment. JD Digits is obligated to purchase the consumer financing receivables past due over certain agreed period of time from the Group at carrying values to absorb the risks, no allowance for doubtful accounts were provided. The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, periodically securitizes consumer financing receivables through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles, please refer to Note 2(v). Other than the accounts receivable arising from the consumer financing, the Group considers many factors in assessing the collectability of its accounts receivable, such as the age of the amounts due, the payment history, creditworthiness and financial conditions of the customers and industry trend, to determine the allowance percentage for the overdue balances by age. The Group adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated bad debts and actual bad debts. If there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable are likely to be unrecoverable, the Group also makes specific allowance in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. Accounts receivable balances are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The accounts receivable with the collection period over one year are classified into other non-current l. Inventories, net Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving merchandise and damaged goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased, but has arrangements to return unsold goods with certain vendors. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). The Group also provides fulfillment-related services in connection with the Group’s online marketplace. Third-party merchants maintain ownership of their inventories and therefore these products are not included in the Group’s inventories. m. Loan receivables, net Loan receivables represent the consumer financing, in collaboration with JD Digits, provided to qualified individual customers on our online marketplace. Due to the legacy contractual arrangements with JD Digits, the Group remains as the legal owner of the consumer financing receivables, including such loan receivables, where JD Digits performs the related credit assessment and absorbs the credit risks. The loan terms extended to the customers generally range from month to months. As JD Digits is obligated to purchase the receivables past due over certain agreed period of time from the Group at carrying values to absorb the credit risks, no provision for doubtful accounts was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The loan receivables were measured at amortized cost and reported in the consolidated balance sheets at outstanding principal. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the loan receivables with the collection period over one year amounting to RMB243,624 , RMB and RMB , respectively, were classified into other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash paid for loan originations and cash received from loan repayments are classified as investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, periodically securitizes loan receivables through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles, please refer to Note 2(v). n. Property, equipment and software, net Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Property, equipment and software are depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less impairment and residual value, if any, over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Category Estimated useful lives Electronic equipment 3-5 Office equipment 5 years Vehicles 3-5 Logistic s 5-10 Leasehold improvement Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term Software 3-5 Building 40 years Building improvement 5-10 Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extend the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Retirements, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by removing the costs, accumulated depreciation and impairment with any resulting gain or loss recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). o. Construction in progress Direct costs that are related to the construction of property, equipment and software and incurred in connection with bringing the assets to their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property, equipment and software items and the depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. As of December 31, 2017, 2019, construction in progress in the amount of RMB3,196,516, respectively, were primarily relating to the construction of office buildings and warehouses. p. Land use rights, net Land use rights are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which are 34 to 50 years and represent the shorter of the estimated usage periods or the terms of the agreements. q. Intangible assets, net Intangible assets purchased from third parties are initially recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful lives. The Group performs valuation of the intangible assets arising from business combination to determine the fair value to be assigned to each asset acquired. The acquired intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value and are expensed or amortized using the straight-line approach over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are as follows: Category Estimated useful lives Strategic c 5 years Non-compete 5-8 Domain names and trademarks 5-20 Technology and o 2-10 r. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, and in between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance on testing of goodwill for impairment, the Group first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of each reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and the carrying amount of goodwill will be recorded. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. The judgment in estimating the fair value of reporting units includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit. s. Investment in equity investees Investment in equity investees represents the Group’s investments in privately held companies, publicly traded companies and private equity funds. The Group applies the equity method of accounting to account for an equity investment, in common stock or in-substance An investment in in-substance Under the equity method, the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the equity investees are recorded in share of results of equity investees in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) and its share of post-acquisition movements of accumulated other comprehensive income are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. The Group records its share of the results of equity investments in publicly listed companies and certain privately held companies on one quarter in arrears basis. The excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the underlying equity in net assets of the equity investee represents goodwill and intangible assets acquired. When the Group’s share of losses in the equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless the Group has incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee, or the Group holds other investments in the equity investee. The Group continually reviews its investment in equity investees under equity method to determine whether a decline in fair value to below the carrying value is other-than-temporary. The primary factors the Group considers in its determination are the duration and severity of the decline in fair value, the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of the equity investee, and other company specific information such as recent financing rounds. If the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the equity investee is written down to fair value. Private equity funds pursue various investment strategies, including event driven and multi-strategy. Investments in private equity funds generally are not redeemable due to the closed-ended nature of these funds. Beginning on January 1, 2018, these private equity funds, over which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for under the existing practical expedient in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Beginning on January 1, 2018, the Group’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which do not qualify for NAV practical expedient and over which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence through the investments in common stock or in substance common stock, are accounted for under the measurement alternative upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 (the “Measurement Alternative”). Under the Measurement Alternative, the carrying value is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. All gains and losses on these investments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). The Group makes assessment of whether an investment is impaired based on performance and financial position of the investee as well as other evidence of market value at each reporting date. Such assessment includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the investee’s cash position, recent financing, as well as the financial and business performance. The Group recognizes an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) if there is any. Prior to January 1, 2018, the cost method of accounting was used. t. Investment securities The Group invests in marketable equity securities to meet business objectives. Beginning on January 1, 2018, these marketable securities are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values, which are reported at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, the unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are recorded in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01. u. Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. v. Nonrecourse securitization debt and transfer of financial assets The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, periodically securitizes accounts receivable and loan receivables arising from consumer financing through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles. The securitization vehicles then issue debt securities to third-party investors and JD Digits, collateralized by the transferred assets. The asset-backed debt securities issued by the securitization vehicles are nonrecourse to the Group and are payable only out of collections on their respective underlying collateralized assets. The securitization vehicles are considered variable interest entities pursuant to ASC Topic 810, Consolidation The Group will not consolidate the securitization vehicles when no economic interests are retained by the Group, and the Group has no continuing involvements, including the servicer of the securitization vehicles. Transfers are accounted for as sale and corresponding transferred accounts receivable are de-recognized Transfers and Servicing 860-10-40-5 Due to the Group’s continuing involvement rights in securitization vehicles prior to October 2017, the Group cannot derecognize the existing receivables through the transfer of the receivables to securitization vehicles. The proceeds from the financing type transactions we non-current we we 2017, RMB11,701,973, 2017 and and 5.81% per annum, respectively. The interest expenses in relation to the nonrecourse securitization debt were charged back to JD Digits. Beginning October 2017, the Group revised certain structural arrangements to relinquish its continuing involvement rights when setting up the new securitization vehicles. In 2019, RMB 21,500,000 15,302,084 6,197,916 the periods presented w. Unsecured senior notes and long-term borrowings Unsecured senior notes are recognized initially at fair value, net of debt discounts or premiums and debt issuance costs. Debt discount or premium and debt issuance costs are recorded as a reduction of the principal amount and the related accretion is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) over the maturities of the notes using the effective interest method. Long-term borrowings are recognized at carrying amount. Interest expense is accrued over the estimated term of the facilities and recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). x. Fair value Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurement for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The Group measures certain financial assets, including investments under the equity method on other-than-temporary basis, investments under the Measurement Alternative, intangible assets, goodwill and fixed assets at fair value when an impairment charge is recognized. Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset. y. Revenues The Group adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers approach that increased retained earnings by approximately RMB256,994. Revenues for the years Revenue Recognition . The Group’s revenue recognition policies effective on the adoption date of ASC 606 are presented as below. Consistent with the criteria of ASC 606, the Group recognizes revenues when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service (that is, an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when the customer obtains control of that asset. In accordance with ASC 606, the Group evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When the Group is a principal, that the Group obtains control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customers, the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the specified goods or services transferred. When the Group is an agent and its obligation is to facilitate third parties in fulfilling their performance obligation for specified goods or services, the revenues should be recognized in the net amount for the amount of commission which the Group earns in exchange for arranging for the specified goods or services to be provided by other parties. Revenues are recorded net of value-added taxes. The Group recognizes revenues net of discounts and return allowances when the products are delivered and title is passed retail The Group also sells prepaid cards which can be redeemed to purchase products sold on the JD Platform. In accordance with ASC 606, the cash collected from the sales of prepaid cards is initially recorded in advance from customers in the consolidated balance sheets and subsequently recognized as revenues upon the sales of the respective products through redemption of prepaid cards are completed. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, the Group began to recognize revenue from estimated unredeemed prepaid cards over the expected customer redemption periods, rather than waiting until prepaid cards expire or when the likelihood of redemption becomes remote. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units of accounting based on the SSP of each separate unit. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as the Group does not have vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of the selling prices of the deliverables, considerations are allocated using estimated selling prices. Determining the SSP of each separate Net Product Revenues The Group recognizes the product revenues from the online retail business on a gross basis as the Group is acting as a principal in these transactions and is responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods. Revenues from the sales of electronics and home appliance products were RMB236,268,621, RMB280,059,089 and RMB328,703,453, and revenues from the sales of general merchandise products were RMB95,555,789, RMB136,049,657 and RMB182,030,514, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The Group’s net product revenues were mainly generated by the JD Retail (formerly known as JD Mall) segment. Net Service Revenues The Group charges commission fees to third-party merchants for participating in the Group’s online marketplace, where the Group generally is acting as an agent and its performance obligation is to arrange for the provision of the specified goods or services by those third-party merchants. Upon successful sales, the Group charges the third-party merchants a negotiated amount or a fixed rate commission fee based on the sales amount. Commission fee revenues are recognized on a net basis at the point of delivery of products, net of return allowances. The Group provides marketing services to third-party merchants, suppliers and other business partners on its various website channels and third-party marketing affiliate’s websites, including but not limited to pay for performance marketing services on which the customers are charged based on effective clicks on their product information, and display advertising services that allow customers to place advertisements on various websites. The Group recognizes revenues from pay for performance marketing services based on effective clicks, and recognizes revenues from display advertising services ratably over the period during which the advertising services are provided or on the number of times that the advertisement has been displayed based on cost per thousand impressions. The Group did not enter into material advertising-for-advertising The Group opens its fulfillment infrastructure by offering comprehensive supply chain solutions to third parties through JD Logistics, primarily including warehousing, transportation, delivery and after-sales service. Revenues resulting from these services are recognized over time as the Group performs the services in the contracts because of the continuous transfer of control to the customers. The Group offer s JD Plus memberships provide the Group’s core customers with a better shopping experience, access to an evolving suite of benefits that represent a single stand-ready obligation. Subscriptions are paid for at the time of or in advance of delivering the services. Revenues from such arrangements are recognized over the subscription period. The Group offers comprehensive customer services, primarily include 7*24 hours customer services to respond to customers’ post-sales requests, return and exchange services to facilitate customers’ return, exchange and repair of defective goods. These services are free of charge. The Group also provides return/exchange logistic s Revenues from online marketplace and marketing services were RMB25,390,981, RMB33,531,862 and RMB42,680,212 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 New Businesses segment. z. Contract balances Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable represent RMB and RMB as of December 31, 20 17, Unearned revenues consist of payments received or awards to customers related to unsatisfied performance obligation at the end of the period, included in current and non-current The Group applied a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less aa. Customer incentives and loyalty programs The Group provides two • D Coupons are given to a customer upon current purchase or can be given for free to promote future purchases. This coupon requires the customer to make future purchase of a minimum value in order to enjoy the value provided by the coupon. The rights to purchase discounted products in the future are not considered as a separate performance obligation under ASC 606, as the discount does not represent a material rights to the customer. The Group assesses the significance of the discount by considering its percentage of the total future minimum purchase value, historical usage pattern by the customers and relative outstanding volume and monetary value of D Coupons compared to the other discounts offered by the Group. D Coupons are accounted for as a reduction of revenues on the future purchase. • J Coupons are given to a customer upon their qualified purchase or can be given for free to promote future purchases and are to be used on a future purchase, with no limitation as to the minimum value of the future purchase. Accordingly, the Group has determined that J Coupons awarded are considered as a separate performance obligation within the scope of ASC 606, as J Coupons represent a material aa. Customer incentives and loyalty programs (Continued) Registered customers may also earn J Beans, which was launched based on certain activities performed on the Group’s website by the customers such as purchasing merchandise or reviewing their buying experiences. J Beans can be use

Concentration and risks

Concentration and risks	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Concentration and risks
Concentration and risks	3. Concentration and risks Concentration of customers and suppliers There are no customers or suppliers from whom revenues or purchases individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues or the total purchases of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Concentration of credit risk Assets that potentially subject the Group to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and short-term investments. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amounts as of the balance sheet dates. As of December 31, 2017, 20 Currency convertibility risk The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies. The Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments denominated in RMB that are subject to such government controls amounted to RMB27,566,040, RMB15,443,123 and RMB33,601,008 as of December 31, 2017, Foreign currency exchange rate risk In July 2005, the PRC government changed its decades-old was approximately % and 1% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. It is difficult to predict

Restricted cash

Restricted cash	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Restricted cash
Restricted cash	4. Restricted cash To meet the requirements of specific business operations, primarily including secured deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance and letter of guarantee, the Group held restricted cash of RMB4,110,210, RMB3,239,613 and RMB2,940,859 as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair value measurement
Fair value measurement	5. Fair value measurement As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, information about inputs into the fair value measurement of the Group’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows: Fair value measurement at reporting date using Description Fair value as of 2017 Quoted Prices in Active Significant Other Significant RMB RMB RMB RMB Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds 1,372,182 1,372,182 — — Restricted cash 4,110,210 — 4,110,210 — Short-term investments Wealth management products 8,582,754 — 8,582,754 — Investment securities Listed equity securities 10,027,813 10,027,813 — — Total assets 24,092,959 11,399,995 12,692,964 — Fair value measurement at reporting date using Description Fair value as of Quoted Prices in Active Significant Other Significant RMB RMB RMB RMB Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds 1,373 1,373 — — Restricted cash 3,239,613 — 3,239,613 — Short-term investments Wealth management products 1,934,820 — 1,934,820 — Investment securities Listed equity securities 15,901,573 15,901,573 — — Total assets 21,077,379 15,902,946 5,174,433 — Fair value measurement at reporting date using Description Fair value as of Quoted Prices in Active Significant Other Significant RMB RMB RMB RMB Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds 3,590,620 3,590,620 — — Restricted cash 2,940,859 — 2,940,859 — Short-term investments Wealth management products 23,206,770 — 23,206,770 — Investment securities Listed equity securities 21,417,104 21,417,104 — — Total assets 51,155,353 25,007,724 26,147,629 — When available, the Group uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, the Group will measure fair value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates and currency rates. Following is a description of the valuation techniques that the Group uses to measure the fair value of assets that the Group reports in its consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis. Cash equivalents Money market funds. The Group values its money market funds using quoted prices in active markets for these investments, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1. Restricted cash Restricted cash is valued based on the pervasive interest rates in the market, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2. Short-term investments Wealth management products. The Group values its wealth management products using alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs, and accordingly the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2. The wealth management products usually have short original maturities of less than 1 year, the carrying value approximates to fair value. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, gross unrealized gains of RMB23,755, RMB627 and RMB54,813 were recorded on wealth management products, respectively. No impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Investment securities Listed equity securities. The Group values its listed equity securities using quoted prices for the underlying securities in active markets, and accordingly, the Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Group accounted for the investment securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses on marketable equity securities sold or impaired were recognized in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). Starting from January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment for the net unrealized gains related to marketable equity securities of RMB from accumulated other comprehensive income to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period adoption The following table summarizes the carrying value and fair value of the investment securities: Cost Basis Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Provision for D in V a Fair Value RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB December 31, 2017 9,087,935 1,476,834 (513,047 ) (23,909 ) 10,027,813 December 31, 2018 16,071,098 3,952,704 (4,122,229 ) — 15,901,573 December 31, 2019 18,329,057 5,008,610 (1,920,563 ) — 21,417,104 In 2017, the Group invested in China United Network Communications Limited (“China Unicom”) with a total consideration of RMB5,000,000, and held approximately 2.4% of China Unicom’s equity interest. As of December 31, 2019, the accumul a 31, 2017 and 2018: RMB366,032 and RMB 1,215,227). In 2017, the Group invested in Vipshop Holdings Ltd. (“Vipshop”) with a total consideration of RMB2,794,547 and held approximately 5.5% of Vipshop’s equity interest. In 2018 and a unrealized gain 2017 and 2018: unrealized loss of RMB37,064 and RMB 2,004,447). In 2017, the Group invested in Farfetch.com Limited (“Farfetch”) with a total consideration of RMB 2,713,285, and for initial public offering (“IPO”), the Group purchased additional shares with a total amount of RMB186,155, and started to account for the investment at fair value. As of December 31, 2019, the a unrealized gain R MB In 2018, the Group invested in ESR Cayman Limited (“ESR”) with a and for IPO sold i Other financial instruments The followings are other financial instruments not measured at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, but for which the fair value is estimated for disclosure purposes. Time deposits. Time deposits with original maturities of three months or less and longer than three months but less than one year have been classified as cash equivalents and short-term investments, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Group’s time deposits is determined based on the prevailing interest rates in the market, which have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2017, and short-term investment s R MB5,081,748, Unsecured senior notes. The carrying amounts of unsecured senior notes approximate to their fair values due to the fact that the related interest rates approximate to the rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities. The fair value of unsecured senior notes was categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the fair value of unsecured senior notes amounted to RMB6,527,960, RMB6,382,604 and RMB7,195,427, respectively. Short-term receivables and payables. Accounts receivable, loan receivables and prepayments and other current assets are financial assets with carrying values that approximate to fair value due to their short-term nature. Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and advance from customers, are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate to fair value due to their short-term nature. The Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings. Interest rates under the borrowing agreements with the lending parties were determined based on the prevailing interest rates in the market. The carrying value of short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings approximates to fair value. The Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Nonrecourse securitization debt. The carrying amount of nonrecourse securitization debt approximates to its fair value due to the fact that the related interest rates approximate to the rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities. The Group classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis Goodwill. The inputs used to measure the estimated fair value of goodwill are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the significance of unobservable inputs using company-specific information. Investment in equity investees. Investments in privately held companies and publicly traded companies included in investment in equity investees in the consolidated balance sheets are reviewed periodically for impairment using fair value measurement. The primary factors that the Group considers include the duration and severity that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value; post-balance sheet date fair value of the investment; the financial condition, operating performance, strategic collaboration with and the prospects of the investee; the economic or technological environment in which the investee operates; and other entity specific information such as recent financing rounds completed by the investee companies. The investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair value were measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, and the Note 7 —“Investment in equity investees”.

JD Digits reorganization

JD Digits reorganization	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
JD Digits reorganization
JD Digits reorganization	6. JD Digits reorganization In the first half of 2017, the Group entered into a series of definitive agreements relating to the reorganization of JD Digits. Pursuant to the definitive agreements, the Group disposed all its equity stake of 68.6% in JD Digits so that it holds neither legal ownership nor effective control of JD Digits, received RMB14.3 billion in cash and is entitled to a royalty and software technical services fee of 40% of the future pre-tax profit of JD Digits when JD Digits has a positive pre-tax income on a cumulative basis. In addition, the Group would be able to convert its profit sharing right the act-in-concert of employee stock ownership plan. The 2017. After JD Digits’s additional round of financing in 2018, the Group’s percentage of Digits’s pre-tax profit sharing has been diluted to approximately 36 %, and if permitted by the regulation, the Group is entitled to convert its profit-sharing right into approximately 36% of JD Digits’s equity interest. Because the Group is entitled to a royalty and software technical services fee of 40% of the future pre-tax pre-tax s Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu holds a minority equity stake in JD Digits, and obtains majority voting rights in JD Digits through his equity stake and voting arrangements, possesses the power to direct the activities of JD Digits that would most significantly impact its economic performance, and also exposes to benefits and losses of JD Digits. As a result, JD Digits is an unconsolidated VIE of the Group as the Group is not considered the primary beneficiary of JD Digits. Hence upon the completion of the transaction on June 30, 2017, JD Digits was deconsolidated from the Group as a result of the reorganization. The Group and JD Digits are both controlled by Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu before and after the transaction, so the disposal of JD Digits was achieved through an under the common control transaction, accordingly, the gain of RMB14,193,481 from the disposal of JD Digits was recorded in equity account as additional paid-in The disposal of JD Digits has met the discontinued operation criteria. However, given the facts that the disposal is achieved through an under common control transaction, and therefore the held-for-sale The Group has classified the historical financial results of JD Digits as discontinued operations in the Group’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) for the period presented prior to July 1, 2017. The following tables set forth the results of operations and cash flows of discontinued operations, which were included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements: For the year ended December 31, 2017 (*) RMB Net revenues 2,392,903 Operating expenses (2,067,622 ) Income from operations of discontinued operations 325,281 Other expenses (316,245 ) Income from discontinued operations before tax 9,036 Income tax expenses (2,121 ) Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax 6,915 Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders (5,030 ) Net income from discontinued operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as 281,021 Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (269,076 ) For the year ended 2017 (*) RMB Net cash used in discontinued operating activities (2,485,741 ) Net cash used in discontinued investing activities (17,871,171 ) Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities 14,054,620 (*) Included financial results of discontinued operations from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017. There were no According to the JD Digits reorganization arrangements, upon certain redemption events of JD Digits, and on the premise that JD Digits is the first obligator, the Group and Suqian Dongtai Jinrong Investment Management Center, an entity controlled by Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu further has the obligation to make up the remaining gap (if any) of the redemption price to the shareholders of JD Digits when all other means are exhausted, and such amount the Group needs to pay will be capped by the proceeds from the sales of the Group’s shares of JD Digits if the Group becomes a shareholder of JD Digits or the liquidity payment the Group would receive upon the liquidity events. As the Group and JD Digits are under common control of Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu, the Group is therefore exempted from recording a guarantee liability in its consolidated financial statements. Based on the Group’s assessment, the chance to settle the guarantee obligation by the Group is remote as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. As disclosed above, the Group’s exposure to pay the redemption price is limited to the proceeds from the sales of the Group’s shares of JD Digits or the liquidity event payment the Group received upon the certain liquidity events. And the Group’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with JD Digits relates to net amounts due from JD Digits were RMB12,076,035 , R MB3,902,238 and RMB1,728,568 as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively (Note 30).

Investment in equity investees

Investment in equity investees	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Investment in equity investees
Investment in equity investees	7. Investment in equity investees Measurement Alternative and NAV practical expedient Equity investments measured at fair value without readily determinable fair value were accounted as cost method investments prior to adopting ASU 2016-01. As of December 31, 2017, the carrying amount of the Group’s cost method investments was RMB9,750,726 . After adoption of ASU 2016-01, the carrying amount of the Group’s equity investments measured at fair value using the Measurement Alternative was RMB17,104,784 and RMB17,580,557 as of December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and the carrying amount of the Groups’ investments under NAV practical expedient was RMB944,378 and RMB2,515,919 as of December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the Group invested RMB6,217,682, RMB12,108,139 and RMB6,198,126 in multiple private companies and private equity funds accounted for under the Measurement Alternative and NAV practical expedient , respectively, which may have operational synergy with the Group’s core business. During the year ended Decem The Group accounted for the investment in AiHuiShou International Co. Ltd., (“AiHuiShou”) under the Measurement Alternative. In June 2019, the Group signed series of agreements with AiHuiShou, an online second-hand consumer electronics trading platform. The Group merged its Paipai Secondhand business into AiHuiShou with certain exclusive traffic resources for the next five years, and additionally invested RMB138,582 in cash in exchange for additional preferred share investment in AiHuiShou. Total consideration for the above investment in AiHuiShou was Equity method As of December 31, 2019, the Group’s investments accounted for under the equity method totaled RMB15,479,331 (as of December 31, 2017 and 2018: RMB8,800,593 and Nexus Limited (“Dada”) amounting to nil in-substance Investment in Yonghui On August 11, 2016, the Group completed the investment in Yonghui through the subscription of newly issued ordinary shares representing 10% equity interest in Yonghui. On May 23, 2018, the Group acquired additional ordinary shares from the existing shareholders of Yonghui, the Group’s interest in Yonghui’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares increased from 10% to 12% accordingly. Yonghui is a leading hypermarket and supermarket operator in China and is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Total consideration for the investment in Yonghui was RMB5,458,074 in cash. Investment in Yonghui is accounted for using the equity method as the Group obtained significant influence by the rights to nominate two eleven RMB114,845, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, which have been recorded as a reduction to the carrying amount of investment in Yonghui. Investment in Yonghui is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows: As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2019 RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Yonghui 4,245,001 5,450,209 5,508,062 Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net tangible and intangible assets 1,946,349 2,122,874 2,249,239 Positive basis difference 2,298,652 3,327,335 3,258,823 Positive basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill 1,270,190 1,989,726 1,989,726 Amortizable intangible assets (*) 1,371,283 1,783,478 1,692,129 Deferred tax liabilities (342,821 ) (445,869 ) (423,032 ) 2,298,652 3,327,335 3,258,823 Cumulative gains in equity interest in Yonghui 124,917 250,538 428,729 (*) As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets not included in Yonghui’s consolidated financial statements was 15 As of December 31, 2017, RMB9,666,167 , The proportionate share of Yonghui’s net income recorded in “share of results of equity investees” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) was a gain of RMB122,893, RMB96,558 and RMB164,068 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The following table includes the results of operations of Yonghui for each of the periods presented. For the year For the year ended 2018 For the year ended RMB RMB RMB Revenue s 55,524,229 67,975,691 81,367,849 Gross profit 11,319,620 14,912,887 18,019,934 Income from operations 2,065,795 1,296,271 2,024,586 Net income 1,721,628 1,189,513 1,774,888 Net income attributable to shareholders 1,818,910 1,548,833 2,000,842 Percentage of ownership in Yonghui 10 % 12 % 12 % Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net income, before basis adjustments 181,891 160,630 232,580 Basis adjustments (58,998 ) (64,072 ) (68,512 ) Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net income 122,893 96,558 164,068 Investment in Bitauto On February 16, 2015, the Group completed its investment in Bitauto through the subscription of newly issued ordinary shares, representing approximately 25% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Bitauto. Bitauto is a leading provider of internet content and marketing services for China’s fast-growing automotive industry that is listed on Nasdaq. Total consideration for the initial investment in Bitauto was RMB5,496,188 with a combination of RMB2,450,920 in cash and RMB3,045,268 in the form of future services, including exclusive access to the new and used car channels on the JD Platform and additional support the Group’s key platforms for a period of 5 years. On June 17, 2016, the Group additionally acquired Bitauto’s newly issued ordinary shares by paying the cash consideration of RMB328,975. As of December 31, 2019, the Group held approximately 24% of Bitauto’s issued and outstanding shares. Investment in Bitauto is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows: As of December 31, 2017 As of As of RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Bitauto (*) 2,128,409 2,544,367 1,817,781 Proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets 2,228,925 2,619,609 2,347,924 Positive/(negative) basis difference (100,516 ) (75,242 ) (530,143 ) Positive/(negative) basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill (*) — — — Amortizable intangible assets (**) (100,516 ) (75,242 ) (530,143 ) (100,516 ) (75,242 ) (530,143 ) Cumulative losses in equity interest in Bitauto (3,696,754 ) (3,280,796 ) (3,910,223 ) (*) In the first quarter of 2019, the Group conducted impairment assessment on its investment in Bitauto considering the duration and severity of the decline of Bitauto’s stock price after the investment, as well as the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of Bitauto, and concluded the decline in fair value of the investment was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Group recorded impairment charge of RMB488,453 to write down the carrying value of its investment in Bitauto to the fair value, based on quoted closing price of Bitauto’s stock as of March 31, 2019. (**) As of December 31, 2019, the negative basis difference between carrying value of investment in Bitauto and proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets was RMB530,143. This difference would not be amortized. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the market value of the Group’s investment in Bitauto was approximately RMB3,773,634 and RMB and RMB based on its quoted closing price, respectively. Investment in Dada In April 2016, the Group signed series of agreements with Dada, China’s largest crowdsourcing delivery platform. The Group obtained a) the newly issued ordinary shares of Dada which represents approximately 81% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares, or approximately 41% of the equity interests of Dada on a fully diluted basis, b) the newly issued preferred shares of Dada which represents approximately 7% of the equity interest in Dada on a fully diluted basis, and c) a warrant to purchase additional preferred shares of Dada at a pre-determined non-compete two six With the assistance of an independent appraiser, the Group estimated the fair value of the assets/investments received as follows: As of April 26, 2016 RMB Assets/investments received by the Group Dada’s ordinary shares 2,164,050 Dada’s preferred shares 1,298,700 Warrant to purchase Dada’s preferred shares 45,450 3,508,200 The investment in Dada’s ordinary shares is accounted for using the equity As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, As of December 31, RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Dada’s ordinary shares 139,147 — — Proportionate share of Dada’s net tangible and intangible assets (1,579,323 ) (1,709,458 ) (1,701,718 ) Positive basis difference 1,718,470 1,709,458 1,701,718 Positive basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill 1,605,891 1,605,891 1,605,891 Amortizable intangible assets (*) 150,105 138,089 127,770 Deferred tax liabilities (37,526 ) (34,522 ) (31,943 ) 1,718,470 1,709,458 1,701,718 Cumulative losses in equity interest in Dada’s ordinary shares (2,024,903 ) (2,164,050 ) (2,164,050 ) (*) As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets not included in Dada’s consolidated financial statements was 6 The investment in Dada’s preferred shares is accounted for under the Measurement Alternative as the underlying preferred shares were not considered in-substance pre-determined zero 323-10-35-25, Group Investment in Tuniu In December 2014, the Group acquired 7% equity interest in Tuniu with cash consideration of RMB305,930. Tuniu is a leading online leisure travel company in China that is listed on Nasdaq. The Group accounted for the i i available-for-sale On May 22, 2015, the Group additionally acquired Tuniu’s newly issued ordinary shares for total consideration of RMB2,188,490 with a combination of RMB1,528,275 in cash and RMB660,215 in the form of future services, including granting Tuniu an exclusive right s JD Platform, and Tuniu becomes the Group’s preferred partner for hotel and air ticket booking services. After the subsequent investment in May 2015, the Group held approximately 28% of Tuniu’s issued and outstanding shares and had one Investment in Tuniu is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows: As of December 31, 2017 As of As of RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Tuniu (*) 947,500 858,566 457,443 Proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets 779,525 714,009 633,295 Positive/(negative) basis difference 167,975 144,557 (175,852 ) Positive/(negative) basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill (*) 23,899 23,899 — Amortizable intangible assets (**) 192,101 160,877 (175,852 ) Deferred tax liabilities (48,025 ) (40,219 ) — 167,975 144,557 (175,852 ) Cumulative losses in equity interest in Tuniu (1,546,645 ) (1,635,579 ) (2,036,702 ) (*) In the second and fourth s s and R MB 86,072 in the second and fourth quarter s s (**) As of December 31, 2019, the negative basis difference between carrying value of investment in Tuniu and proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets was RMB175,852. This difference would not be amortized. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the market value of the Group’s investment in Tuniu was approximately RMB1,304,082, RMB867,921 and RMB457,443 based on quoted closing price, respectively. Investment in Jiangsu Five Star In April 2019, the Group invested RMB1,274,257 with a combination of cash and assumption of the seller’s debt as consideration to acquire ordinary shares of Jiangsu Five Star, a leading offline retailer of home appliances and consumer electronics, from its existing shareholder (the “Seller”), in exchange for 46% of Jiangsu Five Star’s total equity interest. The Group also provided a fifteen months interest-bearing loan of RMB1,024,946 to the Seller and has the right s Investment in Jiangsu Five Star is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows: As of April 29, 2019 As of RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Jiangsu Five Star 1,274,257 1,317,045 Proportionate share of Jiangsu Five Star’s net tangible and intangible assets 432,310 480,438 Positive basis difference 841,947 836,607 Positive basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill 586,325 586,325 Amortizable intangible assets (*) 208,840 206,069 Property (*) 131,990 127,641 Deferred tax liabilities (85,208 ) (83,428 ) 841,947 836,607 Cumulative gains in equity interest in Jiangsu Five Star — 42,788 (*) As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining lives of the intangible assets and property were 19 24 Investment in Yixin In February 2015 and August 2016, the Group invested US$100,000 and US$30,000 in cash, respectively, to acquire Yixin’s newly issued preferred shares. Yixin, a controlled subsidiary of Bitauto, is a leading online automobile retail transaction platform in China. The investment in Yixin was accounted for under the cost method as the underlying shares the Group invested in were not considered in-substance On November 16, 2017, Yixin successfully completed the global offering and traded on the Main Board of t one non-executive nine Investment in Yixin is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows: As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2019 RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Yixin 860,992 1,044,537 1,206,741 Proportionate share of Yixin’s net tangible and intangible assets 1,703,448 1,641,276 1,663,071 Negative basis difference (842,456 ) (596,739 ) (456,330 ) Cumulative gains in equity interest in Yixin — 183,545 345,749 As of December 31, 2019, the negative basis difference between carrying value of investment in Yixin and proportionate share of Yixin’s net tangible and intangible assets was RMB456,330. This difference would not be amortized. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the market value of the Group’s investment in Yixin was approximately RMB3,586,393, The Group summarizes the condensed financial information of the Group’s equity investments under e quity me thod 4-08 S-X: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Operating data: Revenue s 72,206,753 94,099,295 128,942,238 Gross profit 19,162,739 26,893,544 34,540,510 Loss from operations (2,200,140 ) (1,471,960 ) (534,006 ) Net loss (2,549,137 ) (1,722,715 ) (564,940 ) Net loss attributable to shareholder s (2,977,210 ) (1,748,305 ) (1,235,224 ) As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Balance sheet data: Current assets 78,125,211 110,276,278 117,073,881 Non-current 62,806,104 78,546,934 97,456,584 Current liabilities 58,734,790 80,643,552 94,482,219 Non-current 16,703,429 22,755,496 18,910,340 Redeemable stock 5,877,854 9,897,962 10,593,025 Non-controlling 717,106 431,498 380,510 The Group recorded its interests in Yonghui, Bitauto, Dada, Tuniu, Jiangsu Five Star and Yixin one quarter in arrears to enable the Group to provide its financial disclosure independent of the reporting schedule of these equity investees. The Group performs impairment assessment of its investments under the Measurement Alternative and equity method whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be fully recoverable. Impairment charges in connection with the Measurement Alternative investments of RMB59,987, RMB593,138 and RMB1,612,139 were recorded in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the accumulated impairment of the Group’s Measurement Alternative investments was RMB

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net	8. Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable, net consists of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Online retail and online marketplace receivables (*) 14,819,862 7,756,808 2,392,737 Logistics receivables 1,020,771 2,997,163 3,073,641 Advertising receivables and others 572,495 534,410 1,042,211 Accounts receivable 16,413,128 11,288,381 6,508,589 Allowance for doubtful accounts (53,981 ) (178,393 ) (318,001 ) Accounts receivable, net 16,359,147 11,109,988 6,190,588 The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Balance at beginning of the year (36,993 ) (53,981 ) (178,393 ) Additions (16,988 ) (124,412 ) (213,395 ) Write-off — — 73,787 Balance at end of the year (53,981 ) (178,393 ) (318,001 ) (*) For the accounts receivable in relation to consumer financing business, which is recorded in online re tail over-due

Inventories, net

Inventories, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventories, net
Inventories, net	9. Inventories, net Inventories, net consist of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Products 41,840,945 44,678,983 58,795,341 Packing materials and others 358,207 219,961 223,234 Inventories 42,199,152 44,898,944 59,018,575 Inventory valuation allowance (498,773 ) (868,860 ) (1,086,419 ) Inventories, net 41,700,379 44,030,084 57,932,156

Property, equipment and softwar

Property, equipment and software, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, equipment and software, net
Property, equipment and software, net	10. Property, equipment and software, net Property, equipment and software, net consist of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Electronic equipment 7,172,694 13,780,685 14,397,628 Building and building improvement 5,855,920 9,118,708 9,084,029 Logistics, warehouse and other heavy equipment 2,693,969 3,912,356 6,104,497 Vehicles 1,164,376 1,240,001 1,249,667 Leasehold improvement 827,408 1,318,735 2,100,120 Office equipment 287,282 406,534 388,841 Software 203,848 250,920 301,919 Total 18,205,497 30,027,939 33,626,701 Less: accumulated depreciation (5,631,319 ) (8,945,101 ) (12,911,659 ) Less: impairment — — (60,971 ) Net book value 12,574,178 21,082,838 20,654,071 Depreciation expenses were RMB2,310,065, RMB3,533,483 and RMB4,673,362 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Land use rights, net

Land use rights, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Land use rights, net
Land use rights, net	11. Land use rights, net Land use rights, net consist of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Land use rights 7,254,974 10,860,924 11,380,221 Less: accumulated amortization (204,165 ) (385,266 ) (488,479 ) Net book value 7,050,809 10,475,658 10,891,742 Amortization expenses for land use rights were RMB84,405, RMB181,101 and RMB222,143 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods are estimated to be as follows: For the year ending December 31, 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 and RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB Amortization expenses 228,572 228,572 228,572 228,572 228,572 9,748,882

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net	12. Intangible assets, net Intangible assets, net consist of the following As of December 31, 2017 Weighted- Average Amortization Period Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Year RMB RMB RMB RMB Strategic Cooperation 5.0 6,075,289 (4,563,957 ) — 1,511,332 Non-compete 8.0 2,467,005 (885,390 ) — 1,581,615 Domain names and trademark 19.5 3,250,789 (278,372 ) (27,124 ) 2,945,293 Technology and others 6.2 1,040,668 (256,606 ) (129,585 ) 654,477 Total 9.3 12,833,751 (5,984,325 ) (156,709 ) 6,692,717 As of December 31, 2018 Weighted- Average Amortization Period Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Year RMB RMB RMB RMB Strategic c 5.0 6,075,289 (5,779,015 ) — 296,274 Non-compete 8.0 2,467,005 (1,194,067 ) — 1,272,938 Domain names and trademark 19.3 3,305,413 (453,423 ) (27,124 ) 2,824,866 Tech nology and o 6.2 1,165,899 (403,270 ) (145,001 ) 617,628 Total 9.3 13,013,606 (7,829,775 ) (172,125 ) 5,011,706 As of December 31, 2019 Weighted- Average Amortization Period Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Year RMB RMB RMB RMB Strategic c 5.0 6,075,289 (6,075,289 ) — — Non-compete 8.0 2,467,005 (1,502,141 ) — 964,864 Domain names and trademark 19.3 3,311,250 (633,360 ) (27,124 ) 2,650,766 Technology and o thers 6.2 1,181,076 (541,671 ) (145,001 ) 494,404 Total 9.3 13,034,620 (8,752,461 ) (172,125 ) 4,110,034 Amortization expenses for intangible assets were RMB1,798,246, RMB1,845,450 and RMB932,550 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The Group recorded an impairment charge of nil, RMB15,416 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods are estimated to be as follows: For the year ending December 31, 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 and RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB Amortization expenses 633,717 625,153 460,885 339,733 229,864 1,820,682

Goodwill

Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill
Goodwill	13. Goodwill The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows: JD Retail N Total RMB RMB RMB Balance as of December 31, 2016 Goodwill 6,527,019 2,593,420 9,120,439 Accumulated impairment loss — (2,593,420 ) (2,593,420 ) 6,527,019 — 6,527,019 Transaction in 2017 Additions 123,551 — 123,551 Balance as of December 31, 2017 Goodwill 6,650,570 2,593,420 9,243,990 Accumulated impairment loss — (2,593,420 ) (2,593,420 ) 6,650,570 — 6,650,570 Transaction in 2018 Impairment (6,901 ) — (6,901 ) Balance as of December 31, 2018 Goodwill 6,650,570 2,593,420 9,243,990 Accumulated impairment loss (6,901 ) (2,593,420 ) (2,600,321 ) 6,643,669 — 6,643,669 Balance as of December 31, 2019 Goodwill 6,650,570 2,593,420 9,243,990 Accumulated impairment loss (6,901 ) (2,593,420 ) (2,600,321 ) 6,643,669 — 6,643,669 The Group recorded an impairment charge of nil, RMB6,901 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Short-term borrowings

Short-term borrowings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings	14. Short-term borrowings Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 amounted to RMB200,000, RMB147,264 and nil, respectively, which consisted of borrowings from financial institutions. All of these borrowings were repayable within one year. The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 was approximately 7.00% and 4.15 % per annum, respectively.

Accounts payable

Accounts payable	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts payable
Accounts payable	15. Accounts payable Accounts payable consists of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Vendor payable 62,548,717 66,701,380 74,639,015 Shipping charges payable and others 11,788,991 13,283,638 15,789,367 Total 74,337,708 79,985,018 90,428,382

Accrued expenses and other curr

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1 6 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Deposits 9,787,387 12,870,155 14,619,420 Salary and welfare 3,131,752 3,952,163 5,037,530 Rental fee payables 400,632 653,105 332,893 Internet data center fee 212,143 387,478 614,712 Liabilities for return allowances (*) — 363,191 425,135 Accrued administrative expenses 185,876 318,012 368,821 Professional fee 59,802 122,930 268,054 Vehicle fee 69,042 114,576 190,289 Interest payable 84,807 44,449 43,598 Payable related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards 152,177 42,979 403,398 Others 1,034,222 1,423,642 2,352,330 Total 15,117,840 20,292,680 24,656,180 (*) Liabilities for return allowances were included in “Accounts receivable, net” as of December 31, 2017.

Unsecured senior notes

Unsecured senior notes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Unsecured senior notes
Unsecured senior notes	1 7 In April 2016, the Company issued unsecured senior notes with two maturity dates for an aggregate principal amount of US$1,000,000. Listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange, these notes are both fixed rate notes and senior unsecured obligations, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears on and of each year, beginning on October 29, 2016. A summary of the Company’s unsecured senior notes as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is as follows: As of December 31, Effective 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$500,000 3.125% notes due 2021 3,242,565 3,413,264 3,477,276 3.37 % US$500,000 3.875% notes due 2026 3,204,792 3,372,879 3,435,216 4.15 % Carrying value 6,447,357 6,786,143 6,912,492 Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs 86,843 77,057 63,708 Total principal amounts of unsecured senior notes 6,534,200 6,863,200 6,976,200 The unsecured senior notes were issued at a discount amounting to RMB79,289. The debt issuance costs of RMB35,727 were presented as a direct deduction from the principal amount of the unsecured senior notes in the consolidated balance sheets. The effective interest rates for the unsecured senior notes include the interest charged on the notes as well as amortization of the debt discounts and debt issuance costs. The unsecured senior notes contain covenants including, among others, limitation on liens, consolidation, merger and sale all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. The notes will rank senior in right s s s The proceeds from issuance of the unsecured senior notes were used for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2019, the principal of the unsecured senior notes of RMB3,488,100 and RMB3,488,100 will be due in 2021 and 2026, respe ctively , and the aggregate amounts repayable of RMB3,488,100 and RMB3,488,100 were within a period of more than one year but not exceeding two years and within a period of more than five years, respectively.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases
Leases	1 8 The Group has operating leases for warehouses, stores, office spaces, delivery centers and other corporate assets that the Group utilizes under lease arrangements. A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2019 is as follows: As of December 31, 2019 RMB Operating lease ROU assets 8,643,597 Operating lease liabilities-current 3,193,480 Operating lease liabilities-non-current 5,523,164 Total operating lease liabilities 8,716,644 Weighted average remaining lease term 4.4 years Weighted average discount rate 4.7 % A summary of lease cost recognized in the Group’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income /(loss) For the year ended RMB Operating lease cost 3,377,389 Short-term lease cost 1,212,899 Total 4,590,288 Cash paid for operating leases 3,460,898 (*) The lease expenses based on ASC 840 were RMB 3,086,709 4,571,036 A summary of maturity of operating lease liabilities under the Group’s non-cancelable As of December 31, 2019 RMB 2020 3,267,527 2021 2,187,920 2022 1,549,062 2023 1,085,230 2024 664,785 2025 and thereafter 926,265 Total lease payments 9,680,789 Less: interest (964,145 ) Present value of operating lease liabilities 8,716,644 As of December 31, 2019, the Group has no significant lease contract that has been entered into but not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2018, the future minimum lease payments under the Group’s non-cancelable operating lease agreements based on ASC 840 are as follows: As of December 31, 2018 RMB 2019 3,596,926 2020 2,553,344 2021 1,452,812 2022 907,116 2023 459,342 2024 and Thereafter 1,044,818 10,014,358

Gain on sale of development pro

Gain on sale of development properties	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Gain On Sale Of Development Properties [Abstract]
Gain on sale of development properties	1 9 e development properties Gain on sale development properties nil sale development properties the In 2018, the Group established JD Property Propert y established as t h e limited pa rtner Furthermore, on Feb ruary 27 , 2019 , the Group entered into definitive agreements with Core Fund, pursuant to which the Group will dispose of certain modern logistics facilities to Core Fund for a total gross asset value of RMB10.9 billion, and concurrently lease back these completed facilities for operational purposes with an initial lease term of 5 to 6 years. The initial annual rent for the completed facilities is approximate RMB0.7 billion that increases by 3% per year throughout each 5 years period, and the rental rate will be adjusted based on the growth rate of fair market rent at the beginning of each 5 years period. Upon the expiry of the initial lease agreement, if the adjusted rental rate is acceptable, the Group may choose to renew the lease with the same terms and conditions. Core Fund will use leverage to finance the purchase, and the closing of the purchase is subject to certain conditions, including the availability of debt financing. The investment committee of Core Fund, which comprises the representatives from the Group and GIC, will oversee the key operations of Core Fund. Given the control over Core Fund is shared between the Group and GIC, the Group does not consolidate Core Fund and investment in Core Fund is accounted for using the equity method as the Group obtained significant influence by the rights to nominate two members of the investment committee out of four. The lease back transaction is classified as an operating lease, and accounted for under ASC 842, the ROU assets and operating lease liabilities were recorded accordingly. In the second half of 2019, the closing conditions for the asset group of completed logistics facilities were met and Core Fund signed definitive facility agreements with bank consortium to finance the purchase, therefore, the Group recorded a total disposal gain of RMB for the completed assets for , , which represents the excess of cash consideration of the net assets, including the consideration received and expected to receive, over the carrying value of the net assets disposed as of the disposal date. For the remaining logistics facilities under construction, the Group will these assets upon its completion and satisfaction of the hand -

Interest income and interest ex

Interest income and interest expense	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Interest income and interest expense
Interest income and interest expense	2 0 Interest income and interest expense consist of the following: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Interest income: Interest income in relation to nonrecourse securitization debt charged to JD Digits 702,147 527,025 37,646 Interest income in relation to loans provided to JD Digits 569,395 119,047 40,628 Interest income in relation to bank deposits, wealth management products and others 1,258,948 1,471,849 1,707,298 Total 2,530,490 2,117,921 1,785,572 Interest expense: Interest expense in relation to nonrecourse securitization debt (702,147 ) (527,025 ) (37,646 ) Interest expense in relation to unsecured senior notes, bank borrowings and others (261,595 ) (327,513 ) (687,364 ) Total (963,742 ) (854,538 ) (725,010 )

Others, net

Others, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Others, net
Others, net	2 1 Others, net consist of the following: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Gain from business and investment disposals 74,965 1,320,266 1,199,407 Government financial incentives 843,447 614,658 2,222,223 Impairment of investments (139,823 ) (593,138 ) (1,954,031 ) Foreign exchange gains/(losses), net 213,482 (192,491 ) 124,070 Gains/(losses) from fair value change of long-term investments — (1,512,979 ) 3,495,709 Others 324,337 458,859 287,931 Total 1,316,408 95,175 5,375,309 Government financial incentives represent rewards provided by the relevant PRC municipal government authorities to the Group for business achievements made by the Group. Government financial incentives are recognized in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) when the government financial incentives are received and no further conditions need to be met. The amounts of such government financial incentives are determined solely at the discretion of the relevant government authorities and there is no assurance that the Group will continue to receive these government financial incentives in the future.

Taxation

Taxation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Taxation
Taxation	2 2 a) Value added tax The Group is subject to statutory VAT rate of 13% prior to J 1, , 11% from July 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018 , May 2018 in the PRC. The Group is subject to statutor y VAT rate of 17% prior to May 1, 2018 , May 2018 The Group is subject to VAT at the rate of 6% or 11%/ 11 May 2018, 10% from May 1, 2018 to March 31, and The Group is also subject to cultural undertaking development fees at the rate of 3% on revenues from online advertising services in the PRC, which is reduced by 50% from July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2024. b) Income tax Cayman Islands Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated in the Cayman Islands are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders. British Virgin Islands Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, entities incorporated in the British Virgin Islands are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains. Indonesia Under the current laws of the Republic of Indonesia, the Group’s subsidiaries in Indonesia are subject to 25% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Indonesia. Hong Kong Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong for the year of assessment 2017/2018. Commencing from the year of assessment 2018/2019, the first Hong Kong dollars (“HK$”) 2 million of profits earned by its subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong will be taxed at half the current tax rate (i.e., 8.25%) while the remaining profits will continue to be taxed at the existing 16.5% tax rate. Under the Hong Kong tax laws, the Company is exempted from the Hong Kong income tax on its foreign-derived income. Additionally, payments of dividends by the subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong to the Company are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax. China Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), the standard enterprise income tax rate for domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises is 25%. Most of the Group’s PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs are subject to the statutory income tax rate of 25%. The EIT Law and its implementation rules permit certain High and New Technologies Enterprises, or HNTEs, to enjoy a reduced 15% enterprise income tax rate subject to these HNTEs meeting certain qualification criteria. In addition, the relevant EIT laws and regulations also provide that entities recognized as Software Enterprises are able to enjoy a tax holiday consisting of a two-year- three Certain enterprises will benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the EIT Law if they are located in applicable PRC regions as specified in the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries in Western Regions (initially effective through the end of 2010 and further extended to 2020), or the Western Regions Catalogue, subject to certain general restrictions described in the EIT Law and the related regulations. Several entities of the Group are qualified as the enterprises within the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries in Western Regions and enjoyed 15% preferential income tax rate. According to the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC, enterprises engaging in research and development activities are entitled to claim 150% of their research and development expenses so incurred as tax deductible expenses when determining their assessable profits for that year (“Super Deduction”). The State Taxation Administration of the PRC announced in September 2018 that enterprises engaging in research and development activities would entitle to claim 175% of their research and development expenses as Super Deduction from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. Withholding tax on undistributed dividends The EIT the the non-PRC as t he The E d by a Foreign Investment Enterprise (“FIE”) to its non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding company’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. According to the arrangement between Mainland China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than % (if the foreign investor owns directly at least % of the shares of the FIE). The Company did not record any dividend withholding tax on the retained earnings of its FIEs in the PRC, as the Company intends to reinvest all earnings in China to further expand its business in China, and its FIEs do not intend to declare dividends on the retained earnings to their immediate foreign holding companies. The components of income/(loss) before tax are as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Income/(loss) before tax Income/(loss) from China operations 3,681,735 (578,300 ) 14,177,105 Loss non-China (3,560,775 ) (1,795,378 ) (484,573 ) Total income/(loss) before tax 120,960 (2,373,678 ) 13,692,532 Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations Current income tax expenses (360,603 ) (437,326 ) (1,269,323 ) Deferred tax benefits /(expen ses) 221,010 10,454 (533,117 ) Subtotal income tax expenses applicable to China operations (139,593 ) (426,872 ) (1,802,440 ) Total income tax expenses (139,593 ) (426,872 ) (1,802,440 ) Reconciliation of difference between the PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group’s effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 Statutory income tax rate 25.0 % 25.0 % 25.0 % Tax effect of preferential tax rates and tax holiday (942.7 )% 8.3 % (8.1 )% Tax effect of tax-exempt 588.6 % (1.9 )% 3.7 % Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction 30.5 % 2.2 % (3.9 )% Tax effect of non-deductible 536.0 % (42.4 )% 5.7 % Tax effect of non-taxable (14.0 )% 3.8 % (1.0 )% Tax effect of Super Deduction and others — 53.9 % (13.2 )% Changes in valuation allowance (120.8 )% (66.7 )% 5.0 % Expiration of loss carry forwards 12.8 % (0.2 )% — Effective tax rates 115.4 % (18.0 )% 13.2 % The following table set s For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Tax holiday effect 1,140,251 198,118 1,115,598 Effect of tax holiday on basic net income/( ) 0.40 0.07 0.38 Effect of tax holiday on diluted net income/( ) 0.39 0.07 0.38 c) Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Deferred tax assets - Net operating loss carry forwards 1,162,287 2,028,350 2,775,074 - Deferred revenues 299,723 283,824 137,128 - Inventory valuation allowance 124,693 217,215 271,605 - Allowance for doubtful accounts 52,117 88,036 214,932 - Unrealized fair value losses for certain investments — 482,027 356,259 Less: valuation allowance (1,480,570 ) (2,996,294 ) (3,674,442 ) Net deferred tax assets 158,250 103,158 80,556 Deferred tax liabilities - Intangible assets arisen from business combination 882,248 819,032 748,691 - Accelerated tax depreciation and others — 9,441 590,297 Total deferred tax liabilities 882,248 828,473 1,338,988 As of December 31, 2019, the accumulated net operating loss of RMB5,413,758 of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore and Hong Kong can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future taxable income, the remaining accumulated net operating loss of RMB8,863,674 mainly arose from the Company’s subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs established in the PRC and Indonesia, which can be carried forward to offset future taxable income and will expire during the period from 2020 to 2024. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group evaluates a variety of factors including the Group’s entities’ operating history, accumulated deficit, existence of taxable temporary differences and reversal periods. The Group has incurred net accumulated operating losses for income tax purposes since its inception. The Group believes that it is more likely than not that these net accumulated operating losses (except for the net operating loss generated by certain entities in 2017, 2018 and 2019) and other deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future based on its estimate of the operation performance of these PRC entities. The amount of valuation allowance offset in deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was RMB1,480,570, RMB2,996,294 and RMB3,674,442 , The movements of valuation allowance of deferred tax assets are as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Balance at beginning of the year 1,626,680 1,480,570 2,996,294 Additions 807,558 2,755,222 7,635,196 Reversals (953,668 ) (1,239,498 ) (6,957,048 ) Balance at end of the year 1,480,570 2,996,294 3,674,442

Convertible redeemable non-cont

Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests
Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests	2 3 non-controlling In 2018, the Group entered into definitive agreements with third-party investors to raise financing for Jingdong Express, the parent company of JD Logistics, with the total amount of US$2,510,000 (R MB15,973,564) The Group determined that Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares should be classified as mezzanine equity upon their issuance since they were contingently redeemable by the holders 5 years from the issuance date in the event that a qualified initial public offering (‘‘Qualified IPO’’) has not occurred and Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares have not been converted. The Qualified IPO is defined as an IPO that (i) has been approved by the Board of Directors of Jingdong Express or (ii) with the offering price per share that values Jingdong Express at no less than US$20,000,000 on a fully diluted basis immediately following the completion of such offering. The Group records accretion on Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares, where applicable, to the redemption value from the issuance date to the earliest redemption date. The Group determined that there were no embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation as the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded conversion and redemption features are clearly and closely related to that of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares. Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares are not readily convertible into cash as there is not a market mechanism in place for trading of Jingdong Express’s shares. The Group determined that there was no embedded beneficial conversion feature attributable to Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares because the initial effective conversion prices were higher than the fair value of Jingdong Express’s ordinary shares determined by the Group with the assistance from an independent valuation firm. The rights, preferences and privileges of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares are as follows: Dividend Rights As regards dividends, Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares shall rank pari passu with the ordinary shares and the holders of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares shall be entitled to the same amount of dividends as the Voting Rights The holder of each ordinary share issued and outstanding should have one Liquidation Preferences In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Jingdong Express, all assets and funds of Jingdong Express legally available for distribution (after satisfaction of all creditors’ claims and claims that may be preferred by law) shall be distributed ratably among the holders according to their relative number of ordinary shares held by such holders (all Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares as if they had been converted into ordinary shares immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Jingdong Express). Redemption Rights From and after the fifth anniversary of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares original issuance date, and prior to the consummation of a Qualified IPO, each holder of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares shall have the rights at any time to require and demand Jingdong Express to redeem all or any portion of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares held by such holder. The initial redemption price payable on each Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares is the total of: (i) any dividend relating to each Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares which has been declared by Jingdong Express but unpaid, to be calculated up to and including the date of the redemption; plus (ii) Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares purchase price, that is US$ 2.50 Jingdong Express accretes changes in the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares using effective interest method. Changes in the redemption value are considered to be changes in accounting estimates. The accretion is recorded against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, by charges against additional paid-in-capital. paid-in-capital Conversion Rights Each Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares shall be convertible, at the option of the holder of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares, at any time after the date of issuance of such Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable ordinary shares as is determined by dividing Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares purchase price by the conversion price then applicable to such Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares. The conversion price of each Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares is the same as its original issuance price if no adjustments to conversion price have occurred. As of December 31, 2019, each Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares is convertible into one Each Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares shall automatically be converted into ordinary shares (i) upon the consummation of a Qualified IPO; or (ii) in the event that the holders of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares holding at least 50% of Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares in issue elect to convert Jingdong Express Series A Preferred Shares. The convertible redeemable non-controlling Number of shares Amount RMB Balance as of December 31, 2017 — — Issuance 1,004,000,000 15,973,564 Less: preferred shares issuance costs (14,772 ) Net income from continuing operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling 2,492 Balance as of December 31, 2018 1,004,000,000 15,961,284 Net income from continuing operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling 3,100 Balance as of December 31, 2019 1,004,000,000 15,964,384

Financing for JD Health

Financing for JD Health	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Financing For Subsidiary Group
Financing for JD Health	2 4 In May 2019, the Group’s healthcare subsidiary, JD Health International, Inc. (“JD Health”) entered into definitive agreements for the non-redeemable wa The Group determined that JD Health Series A Preferred Shares should be classified as non-controlling non-controlling paid-in

Ordinary shares

Ordinary shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares	2 5 Upon inception, 1 ordinary share was issued at a par value of US$0.00002 per share. In March 2014, the Company issued 351,678,637 ordinary shares to Huang River Investment Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tencent Holding s (“Tencent”), in connection with Tencent Transaction (Note 30 In June 2016, the Company issued 144,952,250 Class A ordinary shares to Newheight Holdings Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Walmart, in connection with Walmart Transaction. In June 2018, the Company issued 27,106,948 Class A ordinary shares to Google LLC, and received a consideration of US$549,836 (RMB3,531,870) after deducting financing charges. In May 2019, the Company issued 8,127,302 Class A ordinary shares to Huang River Investment Limited (Note 3 0 The ordinary shares reserved for future exercise of the RSUs and share options were 149,369,486, 2017,

Share repurchase program

Share repurchase program	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share repurchase program
Share repurchase program	2 6 In September 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (“2015 share repurchase program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to US$1,000,000 worth of its American depositary shares (“ADSs”) over the following 24 months. In December 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (“2018 share repurchase program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to US$1,000,000 worth of its ADSs over the following 12 months. The share repurchases may be made in accordance with applicable laws and regulations through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or other legally permissible means as determined by the management. Under the ) an of these arrangements was based entirely on the Company’s stock price and did not require the Company to deliver either shares or cash, other than the initial investment, the entire transaction was recorded in the shareholders’ equity. No repurchase activity was incurred in 2017. Under the For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company repurchased 1,396,200 ADSs for US$29,999 (RMB205,886) on the open market, at a weighted average price of US$21.48 per ADS. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company repurchased 935,848 ADSs for US$19,101 (RMB131,010) on the open market, at a weighted average price of US$20.41 per ADS. The Company accounts for the repurchased ordinary shares under the cost method and includes such treasury stock as a component of the shareholders’ equity.

Other comprehensive income

Other comprehensive income	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Other comprehensive income	2 7 Changes in the composition of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to ordinary shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are as follows: Foreign currency Net unrealized available-for-sale Total RMB RMB RMB Balances as of December 31, 2016 1,483,737 59,656 1,543,393 Other comprehensive income/(loss) (822,052 ) 1,120,740 298,688 Balances as of December 31, 2017 661,685 1,180,396 1,842,081 Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments — (1,156,642 ) (1,156,642 ) Other comprehensive income/(loss) 2,696,784 (23,127 ) 2,673,657 Balances as of December 31, 2018 3,358,469 627 3,359,096 Other comprehensive income 749,865 54,186 804,051 Balances as of December 31, 2019 4,108,334 54,813 4,163,147 The income tax effects related to the accumulated other comprehensive income we

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation	2 8 For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, total share-based compensation expenses recognized were RMB2,780,062, RMB3,659,989 and RMB3,694,955, respectively. The following For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Cost of revenues 27,513 71,983 82,243 Fulfillment 425,706 418,895 440,167 Marketing 135,749 190,499 258,860 Research and development 670,612 1,162,579 1,340,317 General and administrative 1,520,482 1,816,033 1,573,368 Total 2,780,062 3,659,989 3,694,955 Share incentive plan The Company granted share-based awards to eligible employees and non-employees pursuant to a share incentive plan entitled “Share Incentive Plan”, which was adopted on November 13, 2014 and governed the terms of the awards. As of December 31, 2019, the Group had reserved 141,383,893 ordinary shares available to be granted as share-based awards under the Share Incentive Plan. (1) Employee and non-employee The RSUs and share options are generally scheduled to be vested over two to ten years. One-second one-third one-fourth one-fifth one-sixth one-tenth six-year Upon the reorganization of JD Digits, the employees’ status of JD Digits changed from the employees of the Company’s subsidiary to non-employees RSUs a) Service-based RSUs A summary of activities of the service-based RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is presented as follows Number of RSUs Weighted-Average Grant-Date US$ Unvested as of January 1, 2017 82,847,816 11.97 Granted 41,450,212 16.27 Vested (12,005,700 ) 10.14 Forfeited or cancelled (6,246,436 ) 13.42 Unvested as of December 31, 2017 106,045,892 13.77 Granted 40,383,436 18.95 Vested (16,137,554 ) 12.47 Forfeited or cancelled (11,795,682 ) 15.16 Unvested as of December 31, 2018 118,496,092 15.58 Granted 33,202,744 14.29 Vested (20,423,568 ) 14.96 Forfeited or cancelled (30,444,064 ) 15.36 Unvested as of December 31, 2019 100,831,204 15.35 As of December 31, 2017, 5,719,884, servi c non-employees For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the service-based RSUs granted were RMB2,462,881, RMB2,968,468 and RMB2,958,847, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were RMB6,000,108 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the service-based RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.7 years. The total fair value and intrinsic value of service-based ( RMB1,438,012 ( RMB1,892,221 S ( RMB2,125,609 b) Performance-based RSUs A summary of activities of the performance-based RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is presented as follows Number of RSUs Weighted-Average Grant-Date US$ Unvested as of January 1, 2017 310,002 6.33 Granted — — Vested (96,516 ) 6.33 Forfeited or cancelled — — Unvested as of December 31, 2017 213,486 6.33 Granted — — Vested (103,788 ) 6.33 Forfeited or cancelled (30,152 ) 6.33 Unvested as of December 31, 2018 79,546 6.33 Granted — — Vested (39,772 ) 6.33 Forfeited or cancelled (19,888 ) 6.33 Unvested as of December 31, 2019 19,886 6.33 For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the performance-based RSUs granted were insignificant for all periods As of December 31, 2019, there were RMB76 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the performance-based RSUs granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years. The total fair value and intrinsic value of the performance-based RSUs vested was US$1,371 (RMB9,400), US$2,555 (RMB16,181) and US$494 (RMB3,312) during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Share options A summary of activities of the service-based share options for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 is presented as follows Number of S O Weighted Weighted Aggregate US$ Year US$ Outstanding as of January 1, 2017 21,659,016 6.23 7.3 142,433 Exercised (4,116,816 ) 5.20 Forfeited or cancelled (432,092 ) 5.92 Expired — Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 17,110,108 6.49 6.2 243,327 Exercised (1,077,036 ) 5.23 Forfeited or cancelled (285,336 ) 7.68 Expired — Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 15,747,736 6.55 5.3 72,658 Exercised (3,299,962 ) 5.72 Forfeited or cancelled (2,223,650 ) 8.52 Expired — Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 10,224,124 6.39 4.3 114,720 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2019 10,038,113 6.29 4.2 113,679 Exercisable as of December 31, 2019 9,129,940 5.72 4.1 108,594 As of December 31, 2017, 1,379,780, non-employees There was no option granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was US$55,278 (RMB377,062) , US$15,326 (RMB99,267) and US$31,762 (RMB219,918), respectively. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the market value on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the share options. Cash received from the exercises of share options of the Company during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was US$19,942 (RMB135,745) , US$7,382 (RMB48,555) and US$16,201 (RMB112,153) , respectively. Cash receivable from the exercises of share options of the Company as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 was US$2,201 (RMB14,380), US$449 (RMB3,084) and US$3,127 (RMB21,813), respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, total share-based compensation expenses recognized by the Group for the share options granted were RMB60,739, RMB32,558 and RMB3,837, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were RMB15,777 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the share options granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. (2) Founder awards In May 2015, the board of directors of the Company approved a 10-year 10-year 10-year 10-year For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, total share-based compensation expenses recognized for the Founder’s share options granted were RMB227,326, RMB167,184 and RMB134,367, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were RMB302,380 of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to the Founder’s share options granted. The expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.4 years. (3) Share-based compensation of subsidiaries In April 2018, JD Logistics granted share-based awards (“JD Logistics Plan”) to eligible employees to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of JD Logistics. The JD Logistics Plan consists of share options, RSU and other types of awards. JD Logistics granted 187,844,000 and 83,476,500 share options of Jingdong Express to its employees for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 was US$1.39 and US$1.67 per share, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, total share-based compensation expenses for the share options granted under JD Logistics Plan

Net income_(loss) per share

Net income/(loss) per share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Net income/(loss) per share
Net income/(loss) per share	2 9 Basic and diluted net income/(loss) per share for each of the periods presented are calculated as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Numerator: Net income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 116,819 (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (269,076 ) — — Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 Denominator: Weighted average number of shares – basic 2,844,826,014 2,877,902,678 2,912,637,241 Adjustments for dilutive options and RSUs 66,635,803 — 54,684,562 Weighted average number of shares – diluted 2,911,461,817 2,877,902,678 2,967,321,803 Basic net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 0.04 (0.87 ) 4.18 Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.09 ) — — Basic net income/(loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.05 ) (0.87 ) 4.18 Diluted net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 0.04 (0.87 ) 4.11 Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.09 ) — — Diluted net income/(loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.05 ) (0.87 ) 4.11 Generally, basic net income/(loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the respective year

Related party transactions

Related party transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Related party transactions
Related party transactions	30 The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group as of December 31, 2019: Name of related parties Relationship with the Group Tencent and its subsidiaries (“Tencent Group”) A shareholder of the Group Lexin and its subsidiaries (“Lexin Group”) (*) An investee of the Group Bitauto and its subsidiaries (“Bitauto Group”) An investee of the Group Tuniu and its subsidiaries (“Tuniu Group”) An investee of the Group Dada and its subsidiaries (“Dada Group”) An investee of the Group JD Digits An entity and its subsidiaries controlled by the Founder Yixin and its subsidiaries (“Yixin Group”) An investee of the Group Core Fund An investee of the Group AiHuiShou and its subsidiaries (“AiHuiShou Group”) An investee of the Group (*) As the Group was no longer the major vendor of Lexin Group and the Group had no significant influence on it, Lexin Group was not recognized as the Group’s related party in the years of 2018 and 2019. (a) The Group entered into the following transactions with the major related parties: Transactions For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Revenues: Services provided and products sold to Lexin Group 543,304 — — Commission from cooperation on advertising business with Tencent Group 260,572 345,186 287,926 Services provided and products sold to Tencent Group(**) 31,505 276,728 398,700 Services provided and products sold to Dada Group 100,360 122,326 132,585 Services provided and products sold to AiHuiShou Group — 8,781 349,257 Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Bitauto 609,055 608,844 606,593 Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Tuniu Group 132,042 132,008 131,621 Services provided and products sold to JD Digits 271,813 449,093 342,270 Operating expenses: Services received and purchases from Tencent Group(**) 674,727 1,175,849 2,222,196 Services received from Dada Group 694,207 938,627 1,565,470 Payment processing and other services received from JD Digits 2,936,416 3,930,847 4,980,748 Lease and property management services received from Core Fund — — 476,001 Services received from AiHuiShou Group — — 10,467 Other income: Income from non-compete 80,447 78,771 82,123 Interest income from loans provided to JD Digits 871,014 179,556 40,632 Interest income from loans provided to Core Fund — — 75,496 (**) In March 2014, the Group entered into a series of agreements with Tencent and its affiliates pursuant to which the Group acquired 100% interests in Tencent’s Paipai and QQ Wanggou online marketplace businesses, a 9.9% stake in Shanghai Icson, logistics personnel and certain other assets. The Group also entered into a five-year strategic cooperation agreement and an eight-year non-compete On May 10, 2019, the Company renewed the strategic cooperation agreement with Tencent, for a period of three years starting from May 27, 2019. Tencent continued to offer the Group prominent level 1 and level 2 access points on its Weixin platform to provide traffic support, and the two parties also intend to continue to cooperate in a number of areas including communications, advertising and membership services, among others. As part of the total consideration, the Company agreed to issue to Tencent a certain number of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares for a consideration of approximately US$250 million at prevailing market prices at certain pre-determined Revenues from related parties, excluding those from the major related parties as stated above, represented approximately 0.01%, 0.06% and 0.13% of total net revenues of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Transactions with related parties included in operating expenses, excluding those with the major related parties as stated above, represented 0.07%, 0.14% and 0.20% of total operating expenses of the Group for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. (b) The Group had the following balances with the major related parties: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Due from Tencent Group 595,105 862,781 1,128,102 Due from JD Digits Loans provided to JD Digits (***) 11,747,066 4,427,907 365,089 Other receivables from/(payables to) JD Digits 328,969 (525,669 ) 1,363,479 Due from Core Fund Loans provided to Core Fund (***) — — 579,118 Other receivables from Core Fund — — 569,832 Due from AiHuiShou Group — 2,025 — Total 12,671,140 4,767,044 4,005,620 Due to Lexin Group (1,367 ) — — Due to Tuniu Group (5,451 ) (585 ) (2,133 ) Due to Dada Group (7,378 ) (118,135 ) (208,123 ) Due to AiHuiShou Group — — (17,504 ) Total (14,196 ) (118,720 ) (227,760 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Bitauto Group (1,379,965 ) (771,121 ) (164,528 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Tuniu Group (346,568 ) (214,560 ) (82,939 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Dada Group (331,354 ) (269,225 ) (207,096 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to AiHuiShou Group — — (1,899,099 ) Total (2,057,887 ) (1,254,906 ) (2,353,662 ) Other liabilities in relation to non-compete (415,082 ) (354,236 ) (276,976 ) Total (415,082 ) (354,236 ) (276,976 ) (***) In relation to the loans provided to JD Digits and Core Fund, the Group charged JD Digits and Core Fund based on fair market interest rate, and cash flows resulted from the loans were presented within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As of December 31, 2017, RMB21,621, 0.12%, As of December 31, 2017, 2018 other than the major related parties RMB 69,329, 0.07%, non-current (c) Other information related to related party transactions: On October 27, 2017, to provide a temporary bridging finance to Yixin Group, the Group entered into an entrusted loan agreement with Yixin Group and an independent third-party PRC commercial bank whereby the Group lent a total of RMB1,000,000 to Yixin Group. The bridge loan was on normal commercial terms and Yixin Group repaid the loan and associated interest before December 31, 2017. Based on a series of agreements signed on January 1, 2016, JD Digits will perform the credit risk assessment and other related services in relation to consumer financing business and obtain the rewards from such services, thus JD Digits will purchase the consumer financing receivables past due over certain agreed period of time from the Group at carrying values without recourse and also agree to bear other cost in direct relation to the consumer financing business to absorb the risks. In connection with the agreements, the total amount of over-due The Group also transferred certain financial assets to JD Digits with or without recourse at fair value. The accounts receivable transferred with recourse were RMB167,897, RMB1,387,774, and nil for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, which were not derecognized . T Mr. Richard Qiangdong Liu, the Group’s Chairman of the board and the Chief Executive Officer, has purchased his own aircraft for both business and personal use. The use of the aircraft in connection with the performance of his duty as employee is free of charge to the Group, and the Group has agreed to assume the cost of maintenance, crew and operations of the aircraft relating to the use of the aircraft. Such maintenance and incidental costs were insignificant for all periods presented. The terms of the agreements with the related parties are determined based on contracted prices negotiated with other parties in normal commercial terms.

Segment reporting

Segment reporting	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment reporting
Segment reporting	3 1 The Group derives the results of the segments directly from its internal management reporting system. The CODM measures the performance of each segment based on metrics of revenue s The table below provides a summary of the Group’s operating segment results for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Net revenues: JD Retail 356,020,374 447,502,173 552,245,141 New B 6,021,508 14,665,281 23,932,278 Inter-segment(*) (546,667 ) (1,103,943 ) (435,364 ) Total segment net revenues 361,495,215 461,063,511 575,742,055 Unallocated items 836,539 956,248 1,146,429 Total consolidated net revenues 362,331,754 462,019,759 576,888,484 Operating income/(loss): JD Retail 4,956,264 7,049,222 13,775,339 New B (2,070,668 ) (5,136,657 ) (1,022,281 ) Including: gain on sale of development properties (note 19) — — 3,884,709 Total segment operating income 2,885,596 1,912,565 12,753,058 Unallocated items(**) (3,721,072 ) (4,531,696 ) (3,758,178 ) Total consolidated operating income/( ) (835,476 ) (2,619,131 ) 8,994,880 Total other income 956,436 245,453 4,697,652 Income/(loss) before tax 120,960 (2,373,678 ) 13,692,532 (*) The inter-segment eliminations mainly consist of services provided by JD Retail to overseas business, and certain services provided by JD Logistics to the vendors of JD Retail, which the Group records as a deduction of cost of revenues at the consolidated level. (**) A summary of unallocated items for the years presented is as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Share-based compensation (2,780,062 ) (3,659,989 ) (3,694,955 ) Amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions (1,777,549 ) (1,805,638 ) (885,385 ) Effects of business cooperation arrangements 836,539 956,248 822,162 Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets — (22,317 ) — Total (3,721,072 ) (4,531,696 ) (3,758,178 )

Employee benefit

Employee benefit	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Employee benefit
Employee benefit	3 2 Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to the employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs of the Group make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefit expenses, which were expensed as incurred, were approximately RMB3,546,241, RMB5,290,925 and RMB5,694,240 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Lines of credit and loan facili

Lines of credit and loan facilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Lines of credit and loan facilities	3 3 As of December 31, 2019, the Group had agreements with China RMB23,297,902 and In December 2017, the Group entered into a 5-year 115 basis points As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amounts repayable within a period of more than two years but not exceeding five years was US $450,000.

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Commitments and contingencies
Commitments and contingencies	3 4 Operating lease commitments for offices and fulfillment infrastructures The Group leases offices and fulfillment infrastructures under non-cancelable non-cancelable 8 Commitments for internet data center (IDC) service fee The Group entered into non-cancelable the Future minimum payments under these non-cancelable As of December 31, 2019 RMB 2020 1,495,899 2021 1,248,228 2022 1,137,632 2023 753,652 2024 637,341 2025 and t 749,163 6,021,915 Capital commitments The Group’s capital commitments primarily relate to commitments on construction and purchase of office building and warehouses. Total capital commitments contracted but not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements amounted to RMB7,093,075 as of December 31, 2019. All of these capital commitments will be fulfilled in the following years according to the construction progress. Long-term debt obligations The Group’s long-term debt obligations include unsecured senior notes and long-term borrowings. The amounts exclude the corresponding interest payable. The expected repayment schedule of the unsecured senior notes and long-term borrowings have been disclosed in Note 17 and Note 33, respectively. Legal proceedings From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. Third parties assert patent infringement claims against the Group from time to time in the form of letters, lawsuits and other forms of communication. In addition, from time to time, the Group receives notification from customers claiming that they are entitled to indemnification or other obligations from the Group related to infringement claims made against them by third parties. Litigation, even if the Group is ultimately successful, can be costly and divert management’s attention away from the day-to-day The Group records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Group reviews the need for any such liability on a regular basis. The Group has not recorded any material liabilities in this regard as of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Restricted net assets

Restricted net assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Restricted net assets
Restricted net assets	35. Restricted net assets The Group’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Group receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs incorporated in the PRC only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with the PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Group’s subsidiaries. In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, a foreign invested enterprise established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserve funds, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profits as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory financial statements. A foreign invested enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax Additionally, in accordance with the Company Law of the PRC, a domestic enterprise is required to provide statutory surplus fund at least 10% of its annual after-tax As a result of these PRC laws and regulations that require annual appropriations of 10% of net after-tax and consolidated VIEs are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company. Amounts restricted include paid-in the 4-08 S-X, 2017,

Subsequent events

Subsequent events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Subsequent events
Subsequent events	36. Subsequent events Public offering of unsecured senior notes In January 2020, the Company issued fixed rate unsecured senior notes with two maturity dates for an aggregate principal amount of US$ . The public offering consists of US$ of % notes due 2030 and US$ of % notes due 2050. The notes are listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. The Company received net proceeds from the offering of US$ , after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes and refinancing. Share repurchase program In March 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (“2020 share repurchase program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to US$2,000,000 worth of its ADSs over the following 24 months. The share repurchases may be made in accordance with applicable laws and regulations through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or other legally permissible means as determined by the management. Under 2020 share repurchase program, as of the date of this report , the Company had repurchased approximately ADSs for approximately US$ . Drew down of Syndicated loan As disclosed in Note 33, the Group entered into a 5-year US$ term and revolving credit facilities agreement with a group of 24 arrangers in December 2017. In April 2020, the Group drew down US$ under the facility commitment. The use of proceeds of the facilities was intended for general corporate purposes. Private placement of notes In February and March 2020, Century, a subsidiary of the Company, issued fixed rate private placement notes with two maturity dates for an aggregate principal amount of RMB . The private placement consists of RMB of % notes due and RMB of % notes due . The notes are listed on the inter-bank bond market of China. The Group intends to use the proceeds from the private placement for general corporate purposes. Potential impact of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) From late January 2020, the COVID-19 was rapidly evolving in China and globally. Since then, the business and transportation disruptions in China have caused adverse impact s development

Parent company only condensed f

Parent company only condensed financial information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Parent company only condensed financial information
Parent company only condensed financial information	37. Parent company only condensed financial information The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of the consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs S-X 4-08 The subsidiaries did not pay any dividend to the Company for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures generally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed and omitted. The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company. As of December 31, 2019, the Company did not have significant capital commitments and other significant commitments, or guarantees, except for those which have been separately disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. Condensed Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$ Note 2(g) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 8,964,809 2,196,796 6,575,639 944,531 Short term investments — 755 767 110 Prepayments and other current assets 63,853 121,822 2,408 346 Amount due from related parties 715,671 1,555,288 3,186,818 457,758 Total current assets 9,744,333 3,874,661 9,765,632 1,402,745 Non-current Investment in equity investees 7,514 — — — Investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs 45,675,625 64,127,171 81,301,020 11,678,161 Investment securities 35,893 12,978 13,192 1,895 Intangible assets, net 3,092,549 1,569,483 965,165 138,637 Other non-current — 121,453 106,030 15,230 Total non-current 48,811,581 65,831,085 82,385,407 11,833,923 Total assets 58,555,914 69,705,746 92,151,039 13,236,668 LIABILITIES Current liabilities: Accounts payable — — 140 20 Taxes payable — — 4,497 646 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 67,743 60,190 238,650 34,279 Total current liabilities 67,743 60,190 243,287 34,945 Non-current Long-term borrowings — 3,088,440 3,139,290 450,931 Unsecured senior notes 6,447,357 6,786,143 6,912,492 992,917 Total non-current 6,447,357 9,874,583 10,051,782 1,443,848 Total liabilities 6,515,100 9,934,773 10,295,069 1,478,793 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,477,346,590 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,406,652,132 outstanding, 461,362,309 Class B ordinary shares issued and 446,011,297 outstanding as of December 31, 2017; 2,507,473,330 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,447,926,638 outstanding, 458,342,517 Class B ordinary shares issued and 446,369,717 outstanding as of December 31, 2018; 2,520,271,138 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,480,575,334 outstanding, 453,672,011 Class B ordinary shares issued and 443,739,929 outstanding as of December 31, 2019) 377 380 381 55 Additional paid-in 76,254,607 82,832,895 90,676,122 13,024,810 Statutory reserves 635,966 1,400,412 1,459,165 209,596 Treasury stock (4,457,608 ) (3,783,729 ) (2,530,166 ) (363,436 ) Accumulated deficit (22,234,609 ) (24,038,081 ) (11,912,679 ) (1,711,149 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income 1,842,081 3,359,096 4,163,147 597,999 Total shareholders’ equity 52,040,814 59,770,973 81,855,970 11,757,875 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 58,555,914 69,705,746 92,151,039 13,236,668 Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$ Note 2(g) Operating expenses Marketing (1,215,222 ) (1,218,920 ) (301,495 ) (43,307 ) General and administrative (556,534 ) (495,835 ) (469,688 ) (67,466 ) Loss from operations (1,771,756 ) (1,714,755 ) (771,183 ) (110,773 ) Share of income/(loss) of subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs 1,717,151 (653,408 ) 12,575,644 1,806,378 Interest income 66,848 220,186 163,974 23,553 Interest expense (260,756 ) (315,683 ) (376,152 ) (54,031 ) Others, net 96,256 (27,973 ) 591,872 85,017 Net income/(loss) (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 1,750,144 Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 1,750,144 Net income/(loss) (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 1,750,144 Other comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation adjustments (822,052 ) 2,696,784 749,865 107,711 Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale Unrealized gains, net of tax 1,473,014 237,585 312,723 44,920 Reclassification adjustment for gains recorded in net income, net of tax (352,274 ) (260,712 ) (258,537 ) (37,137 ) Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale 1,120,740 (23,127 ) 54,186 7,783 Total other comprehensive income 298,688 2,673,657 804,051 115,494 Total comprehensive income 146,431 182,024 12,988,206 1,865,638 Condensed Statements of Cash Flows For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$ Note 2(g) Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities (105,219 ) (233,195 ) 697,927 100,251 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of investment securities — (755 ) — — Cash received from disposal of investment securities — 7,893 — — Cash received from/(prepayments and investments in) subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs 2,359,092 (12,425,233 ) 5,202,711 747,323 Prepayments and investments in equity investees (7,646 ) — — — Loans provided to JD Digits (31,161 ) (839,617 ) (1,631,530 ) (234,355 ) Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities 2,320,285 (13,257,712 ) 3,571,181 512,968 Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares — 3,531,870 — — Repurchase of ordinary shares — (205,886 ) (131,010 ) (18,818 ) Proceeds from long-term borrowings — 2,890,575 — — Proceeds from settlement of capped call options 737,501 — — — Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share-based awards 135,745 48,555 112,153 16,110 Upfront fee payment for long-term borrowings — (81,581 ) — — Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities 873,246 6,183,533 (18,857 ) (2,708 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (240,077 ) 539,361 128,592 18,470 Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 2,848,235 (6,768,013 ) 4,378,843 628,981 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the year 6,116,574 8,964,809 2,196,796 315,550 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the year 8,964,809 2,196,796 6,575,639 944,531 Basis of presentation The Company’s accounting policies are the same as the Group’s accounting policies with the exception of the accounting for the investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs. For the Company only condensed financial information, the Company records its investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Such investments are presented in the condensed balance sheets as “Investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs” and shares in the subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs’ financial results are presented as “Share of income/(loss) of subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs” in the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). The parent company only condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Group’ consolidated financial statements.

Summary of significant accoun_2

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of presentation	a. Basis of presentation The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.
Principles of consolidation	b. Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and A consolidated VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, through the Contractual Arrangements, bear the risks of, and enjoy the rewards normally associated with, ownership of the entity, and therefore the Company or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiary of the entity. All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries and
Reclassifications	c. Reclassifications In 2018, items related to restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation to facilitate comparison as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Statement of cash flows (Topic 230): restricted cash .
Non-controlling interests	d. Non-controlling For the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs, non-controlling Non-controlling
Use of estimates	e. Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates are used for, but not limited to, returns allowance, vendor and customer incentives, determination of the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”), the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation arrangements, taxation, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, fair value of certain equity investees, assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, investment in equity investees, investment securities, intangible assets and goodwill, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserve for excess and obsolete inventories, lower of cost and net realizable value of inventories, depreciable lives of property, equipment and software, useful lives of intangible assets, the discount rate for lease, redemption value of the redeemable preferred shares and consolidation of VIEs. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.
Foreign currency translation	f. Foreign currency translation The Group’s reporting currency is Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in Cayman Islands, BVI, Hong Kong, Singapore and the United States of America is U.S. dollars (“US$”). The Group’s PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs determined their functional currency to be RMB. The Group’s entities incorporated in the Republic of Indonesia, Japan, France, Australia and other jurisdictions generally use their respective local currencies as their functional currencies. The determination of the respective functional currency is based on the criteria of ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters . Transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currency are translated into functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by authoritative banks prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange gains and losses resulting from those foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded as a component of others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). Total exchange gains/(losses) were a gain of RMB213,482, a loss of RMB192,491 and a gain of RMB124,070 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The consolidated
Convenience translation	g. Convenience translation Translations of the consolidated balance sheets, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) and the consolidated statements of cash flows from RMB into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB6.9618, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 31, 2019. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2019, or at any other rate.
Cash and cash equivalents	h. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, money market fund investments, time deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, which have original maturities of three months or less.
Restricted cash	i. Restricted cash Cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or for use or pledged as security is reported separately on the face of the consolidated balance sheets, and is included in the total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Group’s restricted cash mainly represents security deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance and letter of guarantee.
Short-term investments	j. Short-term investments Short-term investments include wealth management products, which are certain deposits with variable interest rates or principal not-guaranteed available-for-sale held-to-maturity In addition, short-term investments are also comprised of time deposits placed with banks with original maturities longer than three months but less than one year.
Accounts receivable, net	k. Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable, net mainly represent amounts due from customers and online payment channels and are recorded net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, provides consumer financing to the qualified customers in the online retail business, such consumer financing receivables are recorded as accounts receivable. Due to the legacy contractual arrangements with JD Digits, the Group remains as the legal owner of the consumer financing receivables, where JD Digits performs the related credit assessment. JD Digits is obligated to purchase the consumer financing receivables past due over certain agreed period of time from the Group at carrying values to absorb the risks, no allowance for doubtful accounts were provided. The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, periodically securitizes consumer financing receivables through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles, please refer to Note 2(v). Other than the accounts receivable arising from the consumer financing, the Group considers many factors in assessing the collectability of its accounts receivable, such as the age of the amounts due, the payment history, creditworthiness and financial conditions of the customers and industry trend, to determine the allowance percentage for the overdue balances by age. The Group adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated bad debts and actual bad debts. If there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable are likely to be unrecoverable, the Group also makes specific allowance in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. Accounts receivable balances are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The accounts receivable with the collection period over one year are classified into other non-current
Inventories, net	l. Inventories, net Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving merchandise and damaged goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Group takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased, but has arrangements to return unsold goods with certain vendors. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). The Group also provides fulfillment-related services in connection with the Group’s online marketplace. Third-party merchants maintain ownership of their inventories and therefore these products are not included in the Group’s inventories.
Loan receivables, net	m. Loan receivables, net Loan receivables represent the consumer financing, in collaboration with JD Digits, provided to qualified individual customers on our online marketplace. Due to the legacy contractual arrangements with JD Digits, the Group remains as the legal owner of the consumer financing receivables, including such loan receivables, where JD Digits performs the related credit assessment and absorbs the credit risks. The loan terms extended to the customers generally range from month to months. As JD Digits is obligated to purchase the receivables past due over certain agreed period of time from the Group at carrying values to absorb the credit risks, no provision for doubtful accounts was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The loan receivables were measured at amortized cost and reported in the consolidated balance sheets at outstanding principal. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the loan receivables with the collection period over one year amounting to RMB243,624 , RMB and RMB , respectively, were classified into other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash paid for loan originations and cash received from loan repayments are classified as investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, periodically securitizes loan receivables through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles, please refer to Note 2(v).
Property, equipment and software, net	n. Property, equipment and software, net Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Property, equipment and software are depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less impairment and residual value, if any, over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Category Estimated useful lives Electronic equipment 3-5 Office equipment 5 years Vehicles 3-5 Logistic s 5-10 Leasehold improvement Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term Software 3-5 Building 40 years Building improvement 5-10 Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extend the useful lives of property, equipment and software are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Retirements, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by removing the costs, accumulated depreciation and impairment with any resulting gain or loss recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss).
Construction in progress	o. Construction in progress Direct costs that are related to the construction of property, equipment and software and incurred in connection with bringing the assets to their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property, equipment and software items and the depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. As of December 31, 2017, 2019, construction in progress in the amount of RMB3,196,516, respectively, were primarily relating to the construction of office buildings and warehouses.
Land use rights, net	p. Land use rights, net Land use rights are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which are 34 to 50 years and represent the shorter of the estimated usage periods or the terms of the agreements.
Intangible assets, net	q. Intangible assets, net Intangible assets purchased from third parties are initially recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful lives. The Group performs valuation of the intangible assets arising from business combination to determine the fair value to be assigned to each asset acquired. The acquired intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value and are expensed or amortized using the straight-line approach over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are as follows: Category Estimated useful lives Strategic c 5 years Non-compete 5-8 Domain names and trademarks 5-20 Technology and o 2-10
Goodwill	r. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, and in between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance on testing of goodwill for impairment, the Group first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of each reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill and the carrying amount of goodwill will be recorded. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. The judgment in estimating the fair value of reporting units includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit.
Investment in equity investees	s. Investment in equity investees Investment in equity investees represents the Group’s investments in privately held companies, publicly traded companies and private equity funds. The Group applies the equity method of accounting to account for an equity investment, in common stock or in-substance An investment in in-substance Under the equity method, the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the equity investees are recorded in share of results of equity investees in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) and its share of post-acquisition movements of accumulated other comprehensive income are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a component of shareholders’ equity. The Group records its share of the results of equity investments in publicly listed companies and certain privately held companies on one quarter in arrears basis. The excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the underlying equity in net assets of the equity investee represents goodwill and intangible assets acquired. When the Group’s share of losses in the equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless the Group has incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee, or the Group holds other investments in the equity investee. The Group continually reviews its investment in equity investees under equity method to determine whether a decline in fair value to below the carrying value is other-than-temporary. The primary factors the Group considers in its determination are the duration and severity of the decline in fair value, the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of the equity investee, and other company specific information such as recent financing rounds. If the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the equity investee is written down to fair value. Private equity funds pursue various investment strategies, including event driven and multi-strategy. Investments in private equity funds generally are not redeemable due to the closed-ended nature of these funds. Beginning on January 1, 2018, these private equity funds, over which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for under the existing practical expedient in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Beginning on January 1, 2018, the Group’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which do not qualify for NAV practical expedient and over which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence through the investments in common stock or in substance common stock, are accounted for under the measurement alternative upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 (the “Measurement Alternative”). Under the Measurement Alternative, the carrying value is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. All gains and losses on these investments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). The Group makes assessment of whether an investment is impaired based on performance and financial position of the investee as well as other evidence of market value at each reporting date. Such assessment includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the investee’s cash position, recent financing, as well as the financial and business performance. The Group recognizes an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) if there is any. Prior to January 1, 2018, the cost method of accounting was used.
Investment securities	t. Investment securities The Group invests in marketable equity securities to meet business objectives. Beginning on January 1, 2018, these marketable securities are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values, which are reported at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, the unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are recorded in others, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01.
Impairment of long-lived assets	u. Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Group had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets.
Nonrecourse securitization debt and transfer of financial assets	v. Nonrecourse securitization debt and transfer of financial assets The Group, in collaboration with JD Digits, periodically securitizes accounts receivable and loan receivables arising from consumer financing through the transfer of those assets to securitization vehicles. The securitization vehicles then issue debt securities to third-party investors and JD Digits, collateralized by the transferred assets. The asset-backed debt securities issued by the securitization vehicles are nonrecourse to the Group and are payable only out of collections on their respective underlying collateralized assets. The securitization vehicles are considered variable interest entities pursuant to ASC Topic 810, Consolidation The Group will not consolidate the securitization vehicles when no economic interests are retained by the Group, and the Group has no continuing involvements, including the servicer of the securitization vehicles. Transfers are accounted for as sale and corresponding transferred accounts receivable are de-recognized Transfers and Servicing 860-10-40-5 Due to the Group’s continuing involvement rights in securitization vehicles prior to October 2017, the Group cannot derecognize the existing receivables through the transfer of the receivables to securitization vehicles. The proceeds from the financing type transactions we non-current we we 2017, RMB11,701,973, 2017 and and 5.81% per annum, respectively. The interest expenses in relation to the nonrecourse securitization debt were charged back to JD Digits. Beginning October 2017, the Group revised certain structural arrangements to relinquish its continuing involvement rights when setting up the new securitization vehicles. In 2019, RMB 21,500,000 15,302,084 6,197,916 the periods presented
Unsecured senior notes and long-term borrowings	w. Unsecured senior notes and long-term borrowings Unsecured senior notes are recognized initially at fair value, net of debt discounts or premiums and debt issuance costs. Debt discount or premium and debt issuance costs are recorded as a reduction of the principal amount and the related accretion is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) over the maturities of the notes using the effective interest method. Long-term borrowings are recognized at carrying amount. Interest expense is accrued over the estimated term of the facilities and recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss).
Fair value	x. Fair value Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurement for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The Group measures certain financial assets, including investments under the equity method on other-than-temporary basis, investments under the Measurement Alternative, intangible assets, goodwill and fixed assets at fair value when an impairment charge is recognized. Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.
Revenue	y. Revenues The Group adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers approach that increased retained earnings by approximately RMB256,994. Revenues for the years Revenue Recognition . The Group’s revenue recognition policies effective on the adoption date of ASC 606 are presented as below. Consistent with the criteria of ASC 606, the Group recognizes revenues when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service (that is, an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when the customer obtains control of that asset. In accordance with ASC 606, the Group evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs or the net amount earned as commissions. When the Group is a principal, that the Group obtains control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customers, the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the specified goods or services transferred. When the Group is an agent and its obligation is to facilitate third parties in fulfilling their performance obligation for specified goods or services, the revenues should be recognized in the net amount for the amount of commission which the Group earns in exchange for arranging for the specified goods or services to be provided by other parties. Revenues are recorded net of value-added taxes. The Group recognizes revenues net of discounts and return allowances when the products are delivered and title is passed retail The Group also sells prepaid cards which can be redeemed to purchase products sold on the JD Platform. In accordance with ASC 606, the cash collected from the sales of prepaid cards is initially recorded in advance from customers in the consolidated balance sheets and subsequently recognized as revenues upon the sales of the respective products through redemption of prepaid cards are completed. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, the Group began to recognize revenue from estimated unredeemed prepaid cards over the expected customer redemption periods, rather than waiting until prepaid cards expire or when the likelihood of redemption becomes remote. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units of accounting based on the SSP of each separate unit. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as the Group does not have vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of the selling prices of the deliverables, considerations are allocated using estimated selling prices. Determining the SSP of each separate Net Product Revenues The Group recognizes the product revenues from the online retail business on a gross basis as the Group is acting as a principal in these transactions and is responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods. Revenues from the sales of electronics and home appliance products were RMB236,268,621, RMB280,059,089 and RMB328,703,453, and revenues from the sales of general merchandise products were RMB95,555,789, RMB136,049,657 and RMB182,030,514, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The Group’s net product revenues were mainly generated by the JD Retail (formerly known as JD Mall) segment. Net Service Revenues The Group charges commission fees to third-party merchants for participating in the Group’s online marketplace, where the Group generally is acting as an agent and its performance obligation is to arrange for the provision of the specified goods or services by those third-party merchants. Upon successful sales, the Group charges the third-party merchants a negotiated amount or a fixed rate commission fee based on the sales amount. Commission fee revenues are recognized on a net basis at the point of delivery of products, net of return allowances. The Group provides marketing services to third-party merchants, suppliers and other business partners on its various website channels and third-party marketing affiliate’s websites, including but not limited to pay for performance marketing services on which the customers are charged based on effective clicks on their product information, and display advertising services that allow customers to place advertisements on various websites. The Group recognizes revenues from pay for performance marketing services based on effective clicks, and recognizes revenues from display advertising services ratably over the period during which the advertising services are provided or on the number of times that the advertisement has been displayed based on cost per thousand impressions. The Group did not enter into material advertising-for-advertising The Group opens its fulfillment infrastructure by offering comprehensive supply chain solutions to third parties through JD Logistics, primarily including warehousing, transportation, delivery and after-sales service. Revenues resulting from these services are recognized over time as the Group performs the services in the contracts because of the continuous transfer of control to the customers. The Group offer s JD Plus memberships provide the Group’s core customers with a better shopping experience, access to an evolving suite of benefits that represent a single stand-ready obligation. Subscriptions are paid for at the time of or in advance of delivering the services. Revenues from such arrangements are recognized over the subscription period. The Group offers comprehensive customer services, primarily include 7*24 hours customer services to respond to customers’ post-sales requests, return and exchange services to facilitate customers’ return, exchange and repair of defective goods. These services are free of charge. The Group also provides return/exchange logistic s Revenues from online marketplace and marketing services were RMB25,390,981, RMB33,531,862 and RMB42,680,212 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 New Businesses segment.
Contract balances	z. Contract balances Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable represent RMB and RMB as of December 31, 20 17, Unearned revenues consist of payments received or awards to customers related to unsatisfied performance obligation at the end of the period, included in current and non-current The Group applied a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less
Customer incentives and loyalty programs	aa. Customer incentives and loyalty programs The Group provides two • D Coupons are given to a customer upon current purchase or can be given for free to promote future purchases. This coupon requires the customer to make future purchase of a minimum value in order to enjoy the value provided by the coupon. The rights to purchase discounted products in the future are not considered as a separate performance obligation under ASC 606, as the discount does not represent a material rights to the customer. The Group assesses the significance of the discount by considering its percentage of the total future minimum purchase value, historical usage pattern by the customers and relative outstanding volume and monetary value of D Coupons compared to the other discounts offered by the Group. D Coupons are accounted for as a reduction of revenues on the future purchase. • J Coupons are given to a customer upon their qualified purchase or can be given for free to promote future purchases and are to be used on a future purchase, with no limitation as to the minimum value of the future purchase. Accordingly, the Group has determined that J Coupons awarded are considered as a separate performance obligation within the scope of ASC 606, as J Coupons represent a material Registered customers may also earn J Beans, which was launched based on certain activities performed on the Group’s website by the customers such as purchasing merchandise or reviewing their buying experiences. J Beans can be used as cash to buy any products sold by the Group, which will directly reduce the amount paid by the customer, or redeemed for D Coupons that can be used in certain shops on JD P
Cost of revenues	bb. Cost of revenues Cost of revenues consists primarily of purchase price of products, inbound shipping charges, write-downs of inventories, traffic acquisition costs related to online marketing services, and cost related to logistics services provided to third parties. Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in inventories, and recognized as cost of revenues upon sale of the products to the customers.
Rebates and subsidies	cc. Rebates and subsidies The Group periodically receives considerations from certain vendors, representing rebates for products sold and subsidies for the sales of the vendors’ products over a period of time. The rebates are not sufficiently separable from the Group’s purchase of the vendors’ products and they do not represent a reimbursement of costs incurred by the Group to sell vendors’ products. The Group accounts for the rebates received from its vendors as a reduction to the prices it pays for the products purchased and therefore the Group records such amounts as a reduction of cost of revenues when recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). Rebates are earned upon reaching minimum purchase thresholds for a specified period. When volume rebates can be reasonably estimated based on the Group’s past experiences and current forecasts, a portion of the rebates is recognized as the Group makes progress towards the purchase threshold. Subsidies are calculated based on the volume of products sold through the Group and are recorded as a reduction of cost of revenues when the sales have been completed and the amount is determinable.
Fulfillment	dd. Fulfillment Fulfillment expenses consist primarily of (i) expenses incurred in operating the Group’s fulfillment centers, customer service centers and physical stores, including personnel cost and expenses attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting and warehousing inventories, picking, packaging, and preparing customer orders for shipment, processing payment and related transaction costs, (ii) expenses charged by third-party couriers for dispatching and delivering the Group’s products and (iii) lease expenses of warehouses, delivery and pickup stations, and physical stores. The cost related to logistics services provided to third parties is classified in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). Shipping cost included in fulfillment expenses amounted to RMB12,691,013, RMB15,216,351 and RMB17,858,972 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Marketing	ee. Marketing Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising costs, public relations expenditures, and payroll and related expenses for employees involved in marketing and business development activities. The Group pays commissions to participants in the associates program when their customer referrals result in successful product sales and records such costs in marketing in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss). Advertising costs, which consist primarily of online advertising, offline television, movie and outdoor advertising, and incentive programs to attract or retain consumers for the Group’s online marketplace, are expensed as incurred, and totaled RMB12,375,922, RMB15,970,433 and RMB19,285,939 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Research and development	ff. Research and development Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for research and development employees involved in designing, developing and maintaining technology platform, and improving artificial intelligence, big data and cloud technologies and services, and technology infrastructure costs. Technology infrastructure costs include servers and other equipment depreciation, bandwidth and data center costs, rent, utilities and other expenses necessary to support the Group’s internal and external business. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are recorded in “Research and development” as incurred as the costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant.
General and administrative	gg. General and administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee related expenses for general corporate functions, including accounting, finance, tax, legal and human relations; costs associated with these functions including facilities and equipment depreciation expenses, rental and other general corporate related expenses.
Share-based compensation	hh. Share-based compensation The Company grants restricted share units (“RSUs”) and share options of the Company and its subsidiaries to eligible employees and non-employee Compensation – Stock Compensation 2018-07, non-employees 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. Employees’ share-based awards, non-employees’ All transactions in which goods or services are received in exchange for equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The Group uses the binominal option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of share options. The determination of estimated fair value of share-based payment awards on the grant date is affected by the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected value volatility of the Company over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected employee share option exercise behaviors, a risk-free interest rate, exercise multiple and expected dividend yield, if any. Determination of estimated fair value of the Company’s subsidiaries before they were publicly listed requires complex and subjective judgments due to their limited financial and operating history The Group recognizes the estimated compensation cost of RSUs based on the fair value of its ordinary shares on the date of the grant. The Group recognizes the compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, over a vesting term for service-based RSUs. The Group also recognizes the compensation cost of performance-based share awards, net of estimated forfeitures, if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved at the end of each reporting period. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in the subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Income tax	ii. Income tax Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not non-current The Group recognizes in its consolidated financial statements the benefit of a tax position if the tax position is “more likely than not” to prevail based on the facts and technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Group estimates its liability for unrecognized tax benefits which are periodically assessed and may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities, changes and/or developments with respect to tax audits, and expiration of the statute of limitations. The ultimate outcome for a particular tax position may not be determined with certainty prior to the conclusion of a tax audit and, in some cases, appeal or litigation process. The actual benefits ultimately realized may differ from the Group’s estimates. As each audit is concluded, adjustments, if any, are recorded in the Group’s consolidated financial statements in the period in which the audit is concluded. Additionally, in future periods, changes in facts, circumstances and new information may require the Group to adjust the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Changes in recognition and measurement estimates are recognized in the period in which the changes occur. As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.
Leases	jj. Leases Before January 1, 2019, the Group adopted ASC Topic 840 (“ASC 840”), Leases, The Group adopted the new lease accounting standard, ASC Topic 842, Leases modified retrospective transition approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption rather than retrospectively adjusting prior periods and the package of practical expedients. no Right-of-use s lease the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the implicit rate in lease is not readily determinable for the Group’s operating leases, the Group generally use the non-lease The Group also enters into sale and leaseback transactions. The Group acts as the seller-lessee, transfers its assets to a third-party entity (the buyer-lessor) and then leases the transferred assets back from the buyer-lessor at arm-length 842-40-25-1 Property, Plant and Equipment
Comprehensive income/(loss)	kk. Comprehensive income/(loss) Comprehensive income/(loss) is defined
Net income/(loss) per share	ll. Net income/(loss) per share Basic net income/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. For the calculation of diluted net income/(loss) per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares is adjusted by the effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares, including unvested RSUs and ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options using the treasury stock method. Additionally, the Company takes into account the effect of dilutive shares of entities in which the Company holds equity interests. The dilutive impact from equity interests mainly include equity investments accounted for using the equity method and the consolidated subsidiaries. The effect mentioned above is not included in the calculation of the diluted income/(loss) per share when inclusion of such effect would be anti-dilutive.
Segment reporting	mm. Segment reporting Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Group’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The Group’s principal operations are organized into two JD Retail and New Businesses, which are defined based on the products and services provided. JD Retail mainly consists of online retail, online marketplace and marketing services in China. New Businesses include logistics services provided to third parties, overseas business, technology initiatives, as well as asset management services to logistics property investors and sale of development properties by JD Property. JD Digits was included in New Businesses before June 30, 2017, which was deconsolidated from the Group since June 30, 2017 as a result of the reorganization of JD Digits (Note 6).
Statutory reserves	nn. Statutory reserves The Company’s subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs established in the PRC are required to make appropriations to certain non-distributable In accordance with the laws applicable to the Foreign Investment Enterprises established in the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries registered as wholly-owned foreign enterprise have to make appropriations from their after-tax after-tax the P In addition, in accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Group’s consolidated VIEs, after-tax non-distributable after-tax the The use of the general reserve fund, enterprise expansion fund, statutory surplus fund and discretionary surplus fund are restricted to the offsetting of losses or increasing of the registered capital of the respective company. The staff bonus and welfare fund is a liability in nature and is restricted to fund payments of special bonus to employees and for the collective welfare of employees. None of these reserves are allowed to be transferred to the company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor can they be distributed except under liquidation. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, profit appropriation to statutory surplus fund for the Group’s entities incorporated in the PRC was approximately RMB503,028, RMB764,446 and RMB58,753 , No
Recent accounting pronouncements	oo. Recent accounting pronouncements Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, 7 8 Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, The i s on the In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, is not expected to have a material impact the G

Principal activities and orga_2

Principal activities and organization (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Principal activities and organization
Schedule of percentage of legal ownership in major subsidiaries, VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	Equity interest held Place and date of incorporation Subsidiaries Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”) 100% Beijing, China, April 2007 Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd. 100% Jiangsu, China, June 2009 Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Shengdayuan”) 100% Shanghai, China, April 2011 Jingdong E-Commerce 80% Hong Kong, China, August 2011 Jingdong Technology Group Corporation 100% Cayman Islands, November 2011 Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation 100% Cayman Islands, January 2012 Jingdong Express Group Corporation (“Jingdong Express”) 80% Cayman Islands, January 2012 JD.com E-Commerce 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 Jingdong E-Commerce 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 Jingdong E-Commerce 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 JD.com International Limited 100% Hong Kong, China, February 2012 Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”) 100% Beijing, China, March 2012 JD.com E-Commerce . 100% Hong Kong, China, July 2013 JD.com American Technologies Corporation 100% Delaware, USA, August 2013 Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce 100% Chongqing, China, June 2014 JD.com Overseas Innovation Limited 100% Hong Kong, China, October 2014 JD.com International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 100% Singapore, November 2014 JD.com Investment Limited 100% British Virgin Islands, January 2015 JD Asia Development Limited 100% British Virgin Islands, February 2015 JD.com Asia Investment Corporation 100% Cayman Islands, March 2015 Suqian Hanbang Investment Management Co., Ltd . 100% Jiangsu, China, January 2016 Xi’an Jingxundi Supply Chain Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an Jingxundi”) 80% Shaanxi, China, May 2017 Xi’an Jingdong Xuncheng Logistics Co., Ltd. 80% Shaanxi, China, June 2017 Jingdong Express International Limited 80% British Virgin Islands, November 2017 Beijing Jinghong Logistics Co., Ltd. 80% Beijing, China, November 2017 JD Assets Holding Limited 100% Cayman Islands, March 2018 JD Logistics Holding Limited 100% Cayman Islands, March 2018 JD Health International Inc. 86% Cayman Islands, November 2018 JD Jiankang Limited 100% British Virgin Islands, April 2019 Place and date of incorporation Consolidated VIEs Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Beijing, China, April 2007 Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Jiangsu, China, September 2010 Jiangsu Jingdong Bangneng Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Bangneng”) Jiangsu, China, August 2015 Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng”) Shaanxi, China, June 2017 Consolidated VIEs’ Subsidiaries Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Jingbangda”) Beijing, China, August 2012 Hengqin Junze Management Consulting Co., Ltd. Guangdong, China, April 2017 Suqian Jingdong Mingfeng Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Jiangsu, China, July 2017 Suqian Jingdong Jinyi Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Jiangsu, China, August 2017 Suqian Jingdong Sanhong Enterprise Management Center (limited partnership) Jiangsu, China, August 2017
Schedule of consolidated financial information	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Total assets 19,281,227 23,878,253 38,749,631 Total liabilities 19,547,831 26,717,946 43,734,593 For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Total net revenues 15,926,297 37,561,128 59,306,001 Net loss (115,318 ) (2,646,122 ) (2,268,090 ) For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities 1,188,220 (1,144,849 ) 953,673 Net cash used in investing activities (10,117,516 ) (7,596,181 ) (6,450,150 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 9,626,497 8,902,074 5,542,926 Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 697,201 161,044 46,449 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year 21,959 719,160 880,204 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year 719,160 880,204 926,653

Summary of significant accoun_3

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Summary of significant accounting policies
Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, equipment and software	Category Estimated useful lives Electronic equipment 3-5 Office equipment 5 years Vehicles 3-5 Logistic s 5-10 Leasehold improvement Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term Software 3-5 Building 40 years Building improvement 5-10
Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangible assets	Category Estimated useful lives Strategic c 5 years Non-compete 5-8 Domain names and trademarks 5-20 Technology and o 2-10

Fair value measurement (Tables)

Fair value measurement (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair value measurement
Schedule of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis	Fair value measurement at reporting date using Description Fair value as of 2017 Quoted Prices in Active Significant Other Significant RMB RMB RMB RMB Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds 1,372,182 1,372,182 — — Restricted cash 4,110,210 — 4,110,210 — Short-term investments Wealth management products 8,582,754 — 8,582,754 — Investment securities Listed equity securities 10,027,813 10,027,813 — — Total assets 24,092,959 11,399,995 12,692,964 — Fair value measurement at reporting date using Description Fair value as of Quoted Prices in Active Significant Other Significant RMB RMB RMB RMB Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds 1,373 1,373 — — Restricted cash 3,239,613 — 3,239,613 — Short-term investments Wealth management products 1,934,820 — 1,934,820 — Investment securities Listed equity securities 15,901,573 15,901,573 — — Total assets 21,077,379 15,902,946 5,174,433 — Fair value measurement at reporting date using Description Fair value as of Quoted Prices in Active Significant Other Significant RMB RMB RMB RMB Assets: Cash equivalents Money market funds 3,590,620 3,590,620 — — Restricted cash 2,940,859 — 2,940,859 — Short-term investments Wealth management products 23,206,770 — 23,206,770 — Investment securities Listed equity securities 21,417,104 21,417,104 — — Total assets 51,155,353 25,007,724 26,147,629 —
Schedule of carrying value and fair value of investment securities	Cost Basis Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Provision for D in V a Fair Value RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB December 31, 2017 9,087,935 1,476,834 (513,047 ) (23,909 ) 10,027,813 December 31, 2018 16,071,098 3,952,704 (4,122,229 ) — 15,901,573 December 31, 2019 18,329,057 5,008,610 (1,920,563 ) — 21,417,104

JD Digits reorganization (Table

JD Digits reorganization (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
JD Digits reorganization
Schedule of assets, liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interests, results of operations and cash flows of discontinued operations	For the year ended December 31, 2017 (*) RMB Net revenues 2,392,903 Operating expenses (2,067,622 ) Income from operations of discontinued operations 325,281 Other expenses (316,245 ) Income from discontinued operations before tax 9,036 Income tax expenses (2,121 ) Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax 6,915 Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders (5,030 ) Net income from discontinued operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as 281,021 Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (269,076 ) For the year ended 2017 (*) RMB Net cash used in discontinued operating activities (2,485,741 ) Net cash used in discontinued investing activities (17,871,171 ) Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities 14,054,620 (*) Included financial results of discontinued operations from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017.

Investment in equity investees

Investment in equity investees (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of condensed financial information of the Group's equity investments	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Operating data: Revenue s 72,206,753 94,099,295 128,942,238 Gross profit 19,162,739 26,893,544 34,540,510 Loss from operations (2,200,140 ) (1,471,960 ) (534,006 ) Net loss (2,549,137 ) (1,722,715 ) (564,940 ) Net loss attributable to shareholder s (2,977,210 ) (1,748,305 ) (1,235,224 ) As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Balance sheet data: Current assets 78,125,211 110,276,278 117,073,881 Non-current 62,806,104 78,546,934 97,456,584 Current liabilities 58,734,790 80,643,552 94,482,219 Non-current 16,703,429 22,755,496 18,910,340 Redeemable stock 5,877,854 9,897,962 10,593,025 Non-controlling 717,106 431,498 380,510
Yonghui Group
Schedule of investment accounted for using equity method	As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2019 RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Yonghui 4,245,001 5,450,209 5,508,062 Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net tangible and intangible assets 1,946,349 2,122,874 2,249,239 Positive basis difference 2,298,652 3,327,335 3,258,823 Positive basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill 1,270,190 1,989,726 1,989,726 Amortizable intangible assets (*) 1,371,283 1,783,478 1,692,129 Deferred tax liabilities (342,821 ) (445,869 ) (423,032 ) 2,298,652 3,327,335 3,258,823 Cumulative gains in equity interest in Yonghui 124,917 250,538 428,729 (*) As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets not included in Yonghui’s consolidated financial statements was 15
Schedule of condensed financial information of the Group's equity investments	For the year For the year ended 2018 For the year ended RMB RMB RMB Revenue s 55,524,229 67,975,691 81,367,849 Gross profit 11,319,620 14,912,887 18,019,934 Income from operations 2,065,795 1,296,271 2,024,586 Net income 1,721,628 1,189,513 1,774,888 Net income attributable to shareholders 1,818,910 1,548,833 2,000,842 Percentage of ownership in Yonghui 10 % 12 % 12 % Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net income, before basis adjustments 181,891 160,630 232,580 Basis adjustments (58,998 ) (64,072 ) (68,512 ) Proportionate share of Yonghui’s net income 122,893 96,558 164,068
Bitauto Group
Schedule of investment accounted for using equity method	As of December 31, 2017 As of As of RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Bitauto (*) 2,128,409 2,544,367 1,817,781 Proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets 2,228,925 2,619,609 2,347,924 Positive/(negative) basis difference (100,516 ) (75,242 ) (530,143 ) Positive/(negative) basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill (*) — — — Amortizable intangible assets (**) (100,516 ) (75,242 ) (530,143 ) (100,516 ) (75,242 ) (530,143 ) Cumulative losses in equity interest in Bitauto (3,696,754 ) (3,280,796 ) (3,910,223 ) (*) In the first quarter of 2019, the Group conducted impairment assessment on its investment in Bitauto considering the duration and severity of the decline of Bitauto’s stock price after the investment, as well as the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of Bitauto, and concluded the decline in fair value of the investment was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Group recorded impairment charge of RMB488,453 to write down the carrying value of its investment in Bitauto to the fair value, based on quoted closing price of Bitauto’s stock as of March 31, 2019. (**) As of December 31, 2019, the negative basis difference between carrying value of investment in Bitauto and proportionate share of Bitauto’s net tangible and intangible assets was RMB530,143. This difference would not be amortized.
Dada Group
Schedule of the estimated fair value of the assets/investments received	As of April 26, 2016 RMB Assets/investments received by the Group Dada’s ordinary shares 2,164,050 Dada’s preferred shares 1,298,700 Warrant to purchase Dada’s preferred shares 45,450 3,508,200
Schedule of investment accounted for using equity method	As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, As of December 31, RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Dada’s ordinary shares 139,147 — — Proportionate share of Dada’s net tangible and intangible assets (1,579,323 ) (1,709,458 ) (1,701,718 ) Positive basis difference 1,718,470 1,709,458 1,701,718 Positive basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill 1,605,891 1,605,891 1,605,891 Amortizable intangible assets (*) 150,105 138,089 127,770 Deferred tax liabilities (37,526 ) (34,522 ) (31,943 ) 1,718,470 1,709,458 1,701,718 Cumulative losses in equity interest in Dada’s ordinary shares (2,024,903 ) (2,164,050 ) (2,164,050 ) (*) As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets not included in Dada’s consolidated financial statements was 6
Tuniu Group
Schedule of investment accounted for using equity method	As of December 31, 2017 As of As of RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Tuniu (*) 947,500 858,566 457,443 Proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets 779,525 714,009 633,295 Positive/(negative) basis difference 167,975 144,557 (175,852 ) Positive/(negative) basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill (*) 23,899 23,899 — Amortizable intangible assets (**) 192,101 160,877 (175,852 ) Deferred tax liabilities (48,025 ) (40,219 ) — 167,975 144,557 (175,852 ) Cumulative losses in equity interest in Tuniu (1,546,645 ) (1,635,579 ) (2,036,702 ) (*) In the second and fourth s s and R MB 86,072 in the second and fourth quarter s s (**) As of December 31, 2019, the negative basis difference between carrying value of investment in Tuniu and proportionate share of Tuniu’s net tangible and intangible assets was RMB175,852. This difference would not be amortized.
Jiangsu Five Star
Schedule of investment accounted for using equity method	As of April 29, 2019 As of RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Jiangsu Five Star 1,274,257 1,317,045 Proportionate share of Jiangsu Five Star’s net tangible and intangible assets 432,310 480,438 Positive basis difference 841,947 836,607 Positive basis difference has been assigned to: Goodwill 586,325 586,325 Amortizable intangible assets (*) 208,840 206,069 Property (*) 131,990 127,641 Deferred tax liabilities (85,208 ) (83,428 ) 841,947 836,607 Cumulative gains in equity interest in Jiangsu Five Star — 42,788 (*) As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining lives of the intangible assets and property were 19 24
Yixin
Schedule of investment accounted for using equity method	Investment in Yixin is accounted for using the equity method with the investment cost allocated as follows: As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2019 RMB RMB RMB Carrying value of investment in Yixin 860,992 1,044,537 1,206,741 Proportionate share of Yixin’s net tangible and intangible assets 1,703,448 1,641,276 1,663,071 Negative basis difference (842,456 ) (596,739 ) (456,330 ) Cumulative gains in equity interest in Yixin — 183,545 345,749

Accounts receivable, net (Table

Accounts receivable, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, net
Schedule of accounts receivable, net	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Online retail and online marketplace receivables (*) 14,819,862 7,756,808 2,392,737 Logistics receivables 1,020,771 2,997,163 3,073,641 Advertising receivables and others 572,495 534,410 1,042,211 Accounts receivable 16,413,128 11,288,381 6,508,589 Allowance for doubtful accounts (53,981 ) (178,393 ) (318,001 ) Accounts receivable, net 16,359,147 11,109,988 6,190,588
Schedule of movements in the allowances for doubtful accounts	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Balance at beginning of the year (36,993 ) (53,981 ) (178,393 ) Additions (16,988 ) (124,412 ) (213,395 ) Write-off — — 73,787 Balance at end of the year (53,981 ) (178,393 ) (318,001 )

Inventories, net (Tables)

Inventories, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventories, net
Schedule of Inventories, net	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Products 41,840,945 44,678,983 58,795,341 Packing materials and others 358,207 219,961 223,234 Inventories 42,199,152 44,898,944 59,018,575 Inventory valuation allowance (498,773 ) (868,860 ) (1,086,419 ) Inventories, net 41,700,379 44,030,084 57,932,156

Property, equipment and softw_2

Property, equipment and software, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, equipment and software, net
Schedule of property, equipment and software, net	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Electronic equipment 7,172,694 13,780,685 14,397,628 Building and building improvement 5,855,920 9,118,708 9,084,029 Logistics, warehouse and other heavy equipment 2,693,969 3,912,356 6,104,497 Vehicles 1,164,376 1,240,001 1,249,667 Leasehold improvement 827,408 1,318,735 2,100,120 Office equipment 287,282 406,534 388,841 Software 203,848 250,920 301,919 Total 18,205,497 30,027,939 33,626,701 Less: accumulated depreciation (5,631,319 ) (8,945,101 ) (12,911,659 ) Less: impairment — — (60,971 ) Net book value 12,574,178 21,082,838 20,654,071

Land use rights, net (Tables)

Land use rights, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Land use rights, net
Schedule of land use rights, net	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Land use rights 7,254,974 10,860,924 11,380,221 Less: accumulated amortization (204,165 ) (385,266 ) (488,479 ) Net book value 7,050,809 10,475,658 10,891,742
Schedule of amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods	For the year ending December 31, 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 and RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB Amortization expenses 228,572 228,572 228,572 228,572 228,572 9,748,882

Intangible assets, net (Tables)

Intangible assets, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible assets, net
Schedule of intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net consist of the following As of December 31, 2017 Weighted- Average Amortization Period Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Year RMB RMB RMB RMB Strategic Cooperation 5.0 6,075,289 (4,563,957 ) — 1,511,332 Non-compete 8.0 2,467,005 (885,390 ) — 1,581,615 Domain names and trademark 19.5 3,250,789 (278,372 ) (27,124 ) 2,945,293 Technology and others 6.2 1,040,668 (256,606 ) (129,585 ) 654,477 Total 9.3 12,833,751 (5,984,325 ) (156,709 ) 6,692,717 As of December 31, 2018 Weighted- Average Amortization Period Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Year RMB RMB RMB RMB Strategic c 5.0 6,075,289 (5,779,015 ) — 296,274 Non-compete 8.0 2,467,005 (1,194,067 ) — 1,272,938 Domain names and trademark 19.3 3,305,413 (453,423 ) (27,124 ) 2,824,866 Tech nology and o 6.2 1,165,899 (403,270 ) (145,001 ) 617,628 Total 9.3 13,013,606 (7,829,775 ) (172,125 ) 5,011,706 As of December 31, 2019 Weighted- Average Amortization Period Gross Accumulated Impairment Net Year RMB RMB RMB RMB Strategic c 5.0 6,075,289 (6,075,289 ) — — Non-compete 8.0 2,467,005 (1,502,141 ) — 964,864 Domain names and trademark 19.3 3,311,250 (633,360 ) (27,124 ) 2,650,766 Technology and o thers 6.2 1,181,076 (541,671 ) (145,001 ) 494,404 Total 9.3 13,034,620 (8,752,461 ) (172,125 ) 4,110,034
Schedule of amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods	For the year ending December 31, 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 and RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB Amortization expenses 633,717 625,153 460,885 339,733 229,864 1,820,682

Goodwill (Tables)

Goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill
Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill	JD Retail N Total RMB RMB RMB Balance as of December 31, 2016 Goodwill 6,527,019 2,593,420 9,120,439 Accumulated impairment loss — (2,593,420 ) (2,593,420 ) 6,527,019 — 6,527,019 Transaction in 2017 Additions 123,551 — 123,551 Balance as of December 31, 2017 Goodwill 6,650,570 2,593,420 9,243,990 Accumulated impairment loss — (2,593,420 ) (2,593,420 ) 6,650,570 — 6,650,570 Transaction in 2018 Impairment (6,901 ) — (6,901 ) Balance as of December 31, 2018 Goodwill 6,650,570 2,593,420 9,243,990 Accumulated impairment loss (6,901 ) (2,593,420 ) (2,600,321 ) 6,643,669 — 6,643,669 Balance as of December 31, 2019 Goodwill 6,650,570 2,593,420 9,243,990 Accumulated impairment loss (6,901 ) (2,593,420 ) (2,600,321 ) 6,643,669 — 6,643,669

Accounts payable (Tables)

Accounts payable (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts payable
Schedule of accounts payable	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Vendor payable 62,548,717 66,701,380 74,639,015 Shipping charges payable and others 11,788,991 13,283,638 15,789,367 Total 74,337,708 79,985,018 90,428,382

Accrued expenses and other cu_2

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Deposits 9,787,387 12,870,155 14,619,420 Salary and welfare 3,131,752 3,952,163 5,037,530 Rental fee payables 400,632 653,105 332,893 Internet data center fee 212,143 387,478 614,712 Liabilities for return allowances (*) — 363,191 425,135 Accrued administrative expenses 185,876 318,012 368,821 Professional fee 59,802 122,930 268,054 Vehicle fee 69,042 114,576 190,289 Interest payable 84,807 44,449 43,598 Payable related to employees’ exercise of share-based awards 152,177 42,979 403,398 Others 1,034,222 1,423,642 2,352,330 Total 15,117,840 20,292,680 24,656,180 (*) Liabilities for return allowances were included in “Accounts receivable, net” as of December 31, 2017.

Unsecured senior notes (Tables)

Unsecured senior notes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Unsecured senior notes
Schedule of unsecured senior notes	As of December 31, Effective 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$500,000 3.125% notes due 2021 3,242,565 3,413,264 3,477,276 3.37 % US$500,000 3.875% notes due 2026 3,204,792 3,372,879 3,435,216 4.15 % Carrying value 6,447,357 6,786,143 6,912,492 Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs 86,843 77,057 63,708 Total principal amounts of unsecured senior notes 6,534,200 6,863,200 6,976,200

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases
Summary of supplemental information related to operating leases	As of December 31, 2019 RMB Operating lease ROU assets 8,643,597 Operating lease liabilities-current 3,193,480 Operating lease liabilities-non-current 5,523,164 Total operating lease liabilities 8,716,644 Weighted average remaining lease term 4.4 years Weighted average discount rate 4.7 %
Summary of lease cost recognized and supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases	For the year ended RMB Operating lease cost 3,377,389 Short-term lease cost 1,212,899 Total 4,590,288 Cash paid for operating leases 3,460,898 (*) The lease expenses based on ASC 840 were RMB 3,086,709 4,571,036
Summary of maturity of lease liabilities	As of December 31, 2019 RMB 2020 3,267,527 2021 2,187,920 2022 1,549,062 2023 1,085,230 2024 664,785 2025 and thereafter 926,265 Total lease payments 9,680,789 Less: interest (964,145 ) Present value of operating lease liabilities 8,716,644
Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements	As of December 31, 2018, the future minimum lease payments under the Group’s non-cancelable operating lease agreements based on ASC 840 are as follows: As of December 31, 2018 RMB 2019 3,596,926 2020 2,553,344 2021 1,452,812 2022 907,116 2023 459,342 2024 and Thereafter 1,044,818 10,014,358

Interest income and interest _2

Interest income and interest expense (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Interest income and interest expense
Schedule of interest income and interest expense	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Interest income: Interest income in relation to nonrecourse securitization debt charged to JD Digits 702,147 527,025 37,646 Interest income in relation to loans provided to JD Digits 569,395 119,047 40,628 Interest income in relation to bank deposits, wealth management products and others 1,258,948 1,471,849 1,707,298 Total 2,530,490 2,117,921 1,785,572 Interest expense: Interest expense in relation to nonrecourse securitization debt (702,147 ) (527,025 ) (37,646 ) Interest expense in relation to unsecured senior notes, bank borrowings and others (261,595 ) (327,513 ) (687,364 ) Total (963,742 ) (854,538 ) (725,010 )

Others, net (Tables)

Others, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Others, net
Schedule of others non-operating income (expense), net	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Gain from business and investment disposals 74,965 1,320,266 1,199,407 Government financial incentives 843,447 614,658 2,222,223 Impairment of investments (139,823 ) (593,138 ) (1,954,031 ) Foreign exchange gains/(losses), net 213,482 (192,491 ) 124,070 Gains/(losses) from fair value change of long-term investments — (1,512,979 ) 3,495,709 Others 324,337 458,859 287,931 Total 1,316,408 95,175 5,375,309

Taxation (Tables)

Taxation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Taxation
Schedule of components of income/(loss) before tax	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Income/(loss) before tax Income/(loss) from China operations 3,681,735 (578,300 ) 14,177,105 Loss non-China (3,560,775 ) (1,795,378 ) (484,573 ) Total income/(loss) before tax 120,960 (2,373,678 ) 13,692,532 Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations Current income tax expenses (360,603 ) (437,326 ) (1,269,323 ) Deferred tax benefits /(expen ses) 221,010 10,454 (533,117 ) Subtotal income tax expenses applicable to China operations (139,593 ) (426,872 ) (1,802,440 ) Total income tax expenses (139,593 ) (426,872 ) (1,802,440 )
Schedule of reconciliation of the differences between statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 Statutory income tax rate 25.0 % 25.0 % 25.0 % Tax effect of preferential tax rates and tax holiday (942.7 )% 8.3 % (8.1 )% Tax effect of tax-exempt 588.6 % (1.9 )% 3.7 % Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction 30.5 % 2.2 % (3.9 )% Tax effect of non-deductible 536.0 % (42.4 )% 5.7 % Tax effect of non-taxable (14.0 )% 3.8 % (1.0 )% Tax effect of Super Deduction and others — 53.9 % (13.2 )% Changes in valuation allowance (120.8 )% (66.7 )% 5.0 % Expiration of loss carry forwards 12.8 % (0.2 )% — Effective tax rates 115.4 % (18.0 )% 13.2 %
Summary of income tax holiday	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Tax holiday effect 1,140,251 198,118 1,115,598 Effect of tax holiday on basic net income/( ) 0.40 0.07 0.38 Effect of tax holiday on diluted net income/( ) 0.39 0.07 0.38
Schedule of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities	As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Deferred tax assets - Net operating loss carry forwards 1,162,287 2,028,350 2,775,074 - Deferred revenues 299,723 283,824 137,128 - Inventory valuation allowance 124,693 217,215 271,605 - Allowance for doubtful accounts 52,117 88,036 214,932 - Unrealized fair value losses for certain investments — 482,027 356,259 Less: valuation allowance (1,480,570 ) (2,996,294 ) (3,674,442 ) Net deferred tax assets 158,250 103,158 80,556 Deferred tax liabilities - Intangible assets arisen from business combination 882,248 819,032 748,691 - Accelerated tax depreciation and others — 9,441 590,297 Total deferred tax liabilities 882,248 828,473 1,338,988
Schedule of movement of valuation allowance	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Balance at beginning of the year 1,626,680 1,480,570 2,996,294 Additions 807,558 2,755,222 7,635,196 Reversals (953,668 ) (1,239,498 ) (6,957,048 ) Balance at end of the year 1,480,570 2,996,294 3,674,442

Convertible redeemable non-co_2

Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests
Schedule of convertible redeemable non-controlling interests activities	The convertible redeemable non-controlling Number of shares Amount RMB Balance as of December 31, 2017 — — Issuance 1,004,000,000 15,973,564 Less: preferred shares issuance costs (14,772 ) Net income from continuing operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling 2,492 Balance as of December 31, 2018 1,004,000,000 15,961,284 Net income from continuing operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling 3,100 Balance as of December 31, 2019 1,004,000,000 15,964,384

Other comprehensive income (Tab

Other comprehensive income (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Schedule of changes in the composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders	Foreign currency Net unrealized available-for-sale Total RMB RMB RMB Balances as of December 31, 2016 1,483,737 59,656 1,543,393 Other comprehensive income/(loss) (822,052 ) 1,120,740 298,688 Balances as of December 31, 2017 661,685 1,180,396 1,842,081 Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments — (1,156,642 ) (1,156,642 ) Other comprehensive income/(loss) 2,696,784 (23,127 ) 2,673,657 Balances as of December 31, 2018 3,358,469 627 3,359,096 Other comprehensive income 749,865 54,186 804,051 Balances as of December 31, 2019 4,108,334 54,813 4,163,147

Share-based compensation (Table

Share-based compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based compensation
Schedule of share-based compensation expenses	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Cost of revenues 27,513 71,983 82,243 Fulfillment 425,706 418,895 440,167 Marketing 135,749 190,499 258,860 Research and development 670,612 1,162,579 1,340,317 General and administrative 1,520,482 1,816,033 1,573,368 Total 2,780,062 3,659,989 3,694,955
Service-based | Employee and non-employee
Share-based compensation
Schedule of RSUs activity	Number of RSUs Weighted-Average Grant-Date US$ Unvested as of January 1, 2017 82,847,816 11.97 Granted 41,450,212 16.27 Vested (12,005,700 ) 10.14 Forfeited or cancelled (6,246,436 ) 13.42 Unvested as of December 31, 2017 106,045,892 13.77 Granted 40,383,436 18.95 Vested (16,137,554 ) 12.47 Forfeited or cancelled (11,795,682 ) 15.16 Unvested as of December 31, 2018 118,496,092 15.58 Granted 33,202,744 14.29 Vested (20,423,568 ) 14.96 Forfeited or cancelled (30,444,064 ) 15.36 Unvested as of December 31, 2019 100,831,204 15.35
Schedule of service-based share options activity	Number of S O Weighted Weighted Aggregate US$ Year US$ Outstanding as of January 1, 2017 21,659,016 6.23 7.3 142,433 Exercised (4,116,816 ) 5.20 Forfeited or cancelled (432,092 ) 5.92 Expired — Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 17,110,108 6.49 6.2 243,327 Exercised (1,077,036 ) 5.23 Forfeited or cancelled (285,336 ) 7.68 Expired — Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 15,747,736 6.55 5.3 72,658 Exercised (3,299,962 ) 5.72 Forfeited or cancelled (2,223,650 ) 8.52 Expired — Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 10,224,124 6.39 4.3 114,720 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2019 10,038,113 6.29 4.2 113,679 Exercisable as of December 31, 2019 9,129,940 5.72 4.1 108,594
Performance-based | Employee and non-employee
Share-based compensation
Schedule of RSUs activity	Number of RSUs Weighted-Average Grant-Date US$ Unvested as of January 1, 2017 310,002 6.33 Granted — — Vested (96,516 ) 6.33 Forfeited or cancelled — — Unvested as of December 31, 2017 213,486 6.33 Granted — — Vested (103,788 ) 6.33 Forfeited or cancelled (30,152 ) 6.33 Unvested as of December 31, 2018 79,546 6.33 Granted — — Vested (39,772 ) 6.33 Forfeited or cancelled (19,888 ) 6.33 Unvested as of December 31, 2019 19,886 6.33

Net income_(loss) per share (Ta

Net income/(loss) per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Net income/(loss) per share
Schedule of basic and diluted net income/(loss) per share	Basic and diluted net income/(loss) per share for each of the periods presented are calculated as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Numerator: Net income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 116,819 (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (269,076 ) — — Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 Denominator: Weighted average number of shares – basic 2,844,826,014 2,877,902,678 2,912,637,241 Adjustments for dilutive options and RSUs 66,635,803 — 54,684,562 Weighted average number of shares – diluted 2,911,461,817 2,877,902,678 2,967,321,803 Basic net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 0.04 (0.87 ) 4.18 Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.09 ) — — Basic net income/(loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.05 ) (0.87 ) 4.18 Diluted net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders 0.04 (0.87 ) 4.11 Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.09 ) — — Diluted net income/(loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders (0.05 ) (0.87 ) 4.11

Related party transactions (Tab

Related party transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Related party transactions
Schedule of the major related parties and their relationships with the Group	The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group as of December 31, 2019: Name of related parties Relationship with the Group Tencent and its subsidiaries (“Tencent Group”) A shareholder of the Group Lexin and its subsidiaries (“Lexin Group”) (*) An investee of the Group Bitauto and its subsidiaries (“Bitauto Group”) An investee of the Group Tuniu and its subsidiaries (“Tuniu Group”) An investee of the Group Dada and its subsidiaries (“Dada Group”) An investee of the Group JD Digits An entity and its subsidiaries controlled by the Founder Yixin and its subsidiaries (“Yixin Group”) An investee of the Group Core Fund An investee of the Group AiHuiShou and its subsidiaries (“AiHuiShou Group”) An investee of the Group (*) As the Group was no longer the major vendor of Lexin Group and the Group had no significant influence on it, Lexin Group was not recognized as the Group’s related party in the years of 2018 and 2019.
Schedule of the major related party transactions	(a) The Group entered into the following transactions with the major related parties: Transactions For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Revenues: Services provided and products sold to Lexin Group 543,304 — — Commission from cooperation on advertising business with Tencent Group 260,572 345,186 287,926 Services provided and products sold to Tencent Group(**) 31,505 276,728 398,700 Services provided and products sold to Dada Group 100,360 122,326 132,585 Services provided and products sold to AiHuiShou Group — 8,781 349,257 Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Bitauto 609,055 608,844 606,593 Traffic support, marketing and promotion services provided to Tuniu Group 132,042 132,008 131,621 Services provided and products sold to JD Digits 271,813 449,093 342,270 Operating expenses: Services received and purchases from Tencent Group(**) 674,727 1,175,849 2,222,196 Services received from Dada Group 694,207 938,627 1,565,470 Payment processing and other services received from JD Digits 2,936,416 3,930,847 4,980,748 Lease and property management services received from Core Fund — — 476,001 Services received from AiHuiShou Group — — 10,467 Other income: Income from non-compete 80,447 78,771 82,123 Interest income from loans provided to JD Digits 871,014 179,556 40,632 Interest income from loans provided to Core Fund — — 75,496 (**) In March 2014, the Group entered into a series of agreements with Tencent and its affiliates pursuant to which the Group acquired 100% interests in Tencent’s Paipai and QQ Wanggou online marketplace businesses, a 9.9% stake in Shanghai Icson, logistics personnel and certain other assets. The Group also entered into a five-year strategic cooperation agreement and an eight-year non-compete
Schedule of the major related party balances	(b) The Group had the following balances with the major related parties: As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Due from Tencent Group 595,105 862,781 1,128,102 Due from JD Digits Loans provided to JD Digits (***) 11,747,066 4,427,907 365,089 Other receivables from/(payables to) JD Digits 328,969 (525,669 ) 1,363,479 Due from Core Fund Loans provided to Core Fund (***) — — 579,118 Other receivables from Core Fund — — 569,832 Due from AiHuiShou Group — 2,025 — Total 12,671,140 4,767,044 4,005,620 Due to Lexin Group (1,367 ) — — Due to Tuniu Group (5,451 ) (585 ) (2,133 ) Due to Dada Group (7,378 ) (118,135 ) (208,123 ) Due to AiHuiShou Group — — (17,504 ) Total (14,196 ) (118,720 ) (227,760 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Bitauto Group (1,379,965 ) (771,121 ) (164,528 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Tuniu Group (346,568 ) (214,560 ) (82,939 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to Dada Group (331,354 ) (269,225 ) (207,096 ) Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to AiHuiShou Group — — (1,899,099 ) Total (2,057,887 ) (1,254,906 ) (2,353,662 ) Other liabilities in relation to non-compete (415,082 ) (354,236 ) (276,976 ) Total (415,082 ) (354,236 ) (276,976 ) (***) In relation to the loans provided to JD Digits and Core Fund, the Group charged JD Digits and Core Fund based on fair market interest rate, and cash flows resulted from the loans were presented within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Segment reporting (Tables)

Segment reporting (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment reporting
Schedule of the Group's operating segment results	The table below provides a summary of the Group’s operating segment results for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Net revenues: JD Retail 356,020,374 447,502,173 552,245,141 New B 6,021,508 14,665,281 23,932,278 Inter-segment(*) (546,667 ) (1,103,943 ) (435,364 ) Total segment net revenues 361,495,215 461,063,511 575,742,055 Unallocated items 836,539 956,248 1,146,429 Total consolidated net revenues 362,331,754 462,019,759 576,888,484 Operating income/(loss): JD Retail 4,956,264 7,049,222 13,775,339 New B (2,070,668 ) (5,136,657 ) (1,022,281 ) Including: gain on sale of development properties (note 19) — — 3,884,709 Total segment operating income 2,885,596 1,912,565 12,753,058 Unallocated items(**) (3,721,072 ) (4,531,696 ) (3,758,178 ) Total consolidated operating income/( ) (835,476 ) (2,619,131 ) 8,994,880 Total other income 956,436 245,453 4,697,652 Income/(loss) before tax 120,960 (2,373,678 ) 13,692,532 (*) The inter-segment eliminations mainly consist of services provided by JD Retail to overseas business, and certain services provided by JD Logistics to the vendors of JD Retail, which the Group records as a deduction of cost of revenues at the consolidated level. (**) A summary of unallocated items for the years presented is as follows: For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB Share-based compensation (2,780,062 ) (3,659,989 ) (3,694,955 ) Amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions (1,777,549 ) (1,805,638 ) (885,385 ) Effects of business cooperation arrangements 836,539 956,248 822,162 Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets — (22,317 ) — Total (3,721,072 ) (4,531,696 ) (3,758,178 )

Commitments and contingencies (

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Internet data center (IDC) service
Schedule of future minimum payments under these non-cancelable agreements with initial terms of one year or more	Future minimum payments under these non-cancelable As of December 31, 2019 RMB 2020 1,495,899 2021 1,248,228 2022 1,137,632 2023 753,652 2024 637,341 2025 and t 749,163 6,021,915

Parent company only condensed_2

Parent company only condensed financial information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Parent company only condensed financial information
Condensed Balance Sheets	Condensed Balance Sheets As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$ Note 2(g) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 8,964,809 2,196,796 6,575,639 944,531 Short term investments — 755 767 110 Prepayments and other current assets 63,853 121,822 2,408 346 Amount due from related parties 715,671 1,555,288 3,186,818 457,758 Total current assets 9,744,333 3,874,661 9,765,632 1,402,745 Non-current Investment in equity investees 7,514 — — — Investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs 45,675,625 64,127,171 81,301,020 11,678,161 Investment securities 35,893 12,978 13,192 1,895 Intangible assets, net 3,092,549 1,569,483 965,165 138,637 Other non-current — 121,453 106,030 15,230 Total non-current 48,811,581 65,831,085 82,385,407 11,833,923 Total assets 58,555,914 69,705,746 92,151,039 13,236,668 LIABILITIES Current liabilities: Accounts payable — — 140 20 Taxes payable — — 4,497 646 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 67,743 60,190 238,650 34,279 Total current liabilities 67,743 60,190 243,287 34,945 Non-current Long-term borrowings — 3,088,440 3,139,290 450,931 Unsecured senior notes 6,447,357 6,786,143 6,912,492 992,917 Total non-current 6,447,357 9,874,583 10,051,782 1,443,848 Total liabilities 6,515,100 9,934,773 10,295,069 1,478,793 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: Ordinary shares (US$0.00002 par value; 100,000,000,000 shares authorized; 2,477,346,590 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,406,652,132 outstanding, 461,362,309 Class B ordinary shares issued and 446,011,297 outstanding as of December 31, 2017; 2,507,473,330 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,447,926,638 outstanding, 458,342,517 Class B ordinary shares issued and 446,369,717 outstanding as of December 31, 2018; 2,520,271,138 Class A ordinary shares issued and 2,480,575,334 outstanding, 453,672,011 Class B ordinary shares issued and 443,739,929 outstanding as of December 31, 2019) 377 380 381 55 Additional paid-in 76,254,607 82,832,895 90,676,122 13,024,810 Statutory reserves 635,966 1,400,412 1,459,165 209,596 Treasury stock (4,457,608 ) (3,783,729 ) (2,530,166 ) (363,436 ) Accumulated deficit (22,234,609 ) (24,038,081 ) (11,912,679 ) (1,711,149 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income 1,842,081 3,359,096 4,163,147 597,999 Total shareholders’ equity 52,040,814 59,770,973 81,855,970 11,757,875 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 58,555,914 69,705,746 92,151,039 13,236,668
Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$ Note 2(g) Operating expenses Marketing (1,215,222 ) (1,218,920 ) (301,495 ) (43,307 ) General and administrative (556,534 ) (495,835 ) (469,688 ) (67,466 ) Loss from operations (1,771,756 ) (1,714,755 ) (771,183 ) (110,773 ) Share of income/(loss) of subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs 1,717,151 (653,408 ) 12,575,644 1,806,378 Interest income 66,848 220,186 163,974 23,553 Interest expense (260,756 ) (315,683 ) (376,152 ) (54,031 ) Others, net 96,256 (27,973 ) 591,872 85,017 Net income/(loss) (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 1,750,144 Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 1,750,144 Net income/(loss) (152,257 ) (2,491,633 ) 12,184,155 1,750,144 Other comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation adjustments (822,052 ) 2,696,784 749,865 107,711 Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale Unrealized gains, net of tax 1,473,014 237,585 312,723 44,920 Reclassification adjustment for gains recorded in net income, net of tax (352,274 ) (260,712 ) (258,537 ) (37,137 ) Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale 1,120,740 (23,127 ) 54,186 7,783 Total other comprehensive income 298,688 2,673,657 804,051 115,494 Total comprehensive income 146,431 182,024 12,988,206 1,865,638
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	For the year ended December 31, 2017 2018 2019 RMB RMB RMB US$ Note 2(g) Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities (105,219 ) (233,195 ) 697,927 100,251 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of investment securities — (755 ) — — Cash received from disposal of investment securities — 7,893 — — Cash received from/(prepayments and investments in) subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs 2,359,092 (12,425,233 ) 5,202,711 747,323 Prepayments and investments in equity investees (7,646 ) — — — Loans provided to JD Digits (31,161 ) (839,617 ) (1,631,530 ) (234,355 ) Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities 2,320,285 (13,257,712 ) 3,571,181 512,968 Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares — 3,531,870 — — Repurchase of ordinary shares — (205,886 ) (131,010 ) (18,818 ) Proceeds from long-term borrowings — 2,890,575 — — Proceeds from settlement of capped call options 737,501 — — — Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share-based awards 135,745 48,555 112,153 16,110 Upfront fee payment for long-term borrowings — (81,581 ) — — Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities 873,246 6,183,533 (18,857 ) (2,708 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (240,077 ) 539,361 128,592 18,470 Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 2,848,235 (6,768,013 ) 4,378,843 628,981 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the year 6,116,574 8,964,809 2,196,796 315,550 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the year 8,964,809 2,196,796 6,575,639 944,531

Principal activities and orga_3

Principal activities and organization (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019
Jingdong Century
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Shanghai Shengdayuan
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Express) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	80.00%
Jingdong Technology Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Logistics Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong Express Group Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	80.00%
JD.com E-Commerce (Technology) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Logistics) Hong Kong Co., Ltd
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com International Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com E-Commerce (Investment) Hong Kong Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com American Technologies Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Chongqing Haijia
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com Overseas Innovation Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com Investment Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD Asia Development Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD.com Asia Investment Corporation
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Suqian Hanbang Investment Management Co., Ltd.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
Xi'an Jingxundi
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	80.00%
Xi'an Jingdong Xuncheng Logistics Co., Ltd
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	80.00%
Jingdong Express International Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	80.00%
Beijing Jinghong Logistics Co., Ltd
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	80.00%
JD Assets Holding Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD Logistics Holding Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%
JD Health International Inc.
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	86.00%
JD Jiankang Limited
Organization
Equity interest held (as a percent)	100.00%

Principal activities and orga_4

Principal activities and organization (Details 2) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016CNY (¥)
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Total assets	$ 37,306,977		¥ 209,164,857,000	¥ 184,054,966,000	¥ 259,723,704,000
Total liabilities	22,853,210		132,336,713,000	131,666,263,000	159,099,473,000
Total net revenues	82,864,846	¥ 576,888,484,000	462,019,759,000	362,331,754,000
Net income/(loss)	1,707,904	11,890,092,000	(2,800,550,000)	(11,718,000)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	3,559,600	24,781,220,000	20,881,422,000	26,856,727,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,641,208)	(25,349,357,000)	(26,078,992,000)	(39,815,291,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	369,512	2,572,467,000	11,219,928,000	19,234,985,000
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	346,206	2,410,221,000	7,703,521,000	5,634,887,000
Total shareholders' deficit of the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries	$ 12,160,627		60,866,860,000	52,388,703,000	84,659,847,000	¥ 34,162,862,000
VIEs and their subsidiaries
VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries
Total assets			23,878,253,000	19,281,227,000	38,749,631,000
Total liabilities			26,717,946,000	19,547,831,000	43,734,593,000
Total net revenues		59,306,001,000	37,561,128,000	15,926,297,000
Net income/(loss)		(2,268,090,000)	(2,646,122,000)	(115,318,000)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities		953,673,000	(1,144,849,000)	1,188,220,000
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,450,150,000)	(7,596,181,000)	(10,117,516,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,542,926,000	8,902,074,000	9,626,497,000
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		46,449,000	161,044,000	697,201,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the year		880,204,000	719,160,000	21,959,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the year		¥ 926,653,000	880,204,000	719,160,000
Asset in the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries that can be used only to settle their obligations except for registered capitals					0
Registered capitals and PRC statutory reserves of the Group's consolidated VIEs					1,090,876,000
Total shareholders' deficit of the Group's VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries			¥ 2,839,693,000	¥ 266,604,000	¥ 4,984,962,000

Summary of significant accoun_4

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Foreign currency translation
Total exchange gains/(losses)	$ 17,822	¥ 124,070,000	¥ (192,491,000)	¥ 213,482,000
Total foreign currency translation adjustments gains/(losses)	$ 114,004	¥ 793,671,000	2,696,784,000	(822,052,000)
Convenience translation
Convenience translation rate (RMB to USD)		6.9618
Loan receivables, net
Provision for the doubtful loan receivables		¥ 0	0
Construction in progress
Amount of construction in progress		5,806,308,000	6,553,712,000	3,196,516,000
Others, net
Foreign currency translation
Total exchange gains/(losses)		¥ 124,070,000	(192,491,000)	213,482,000
Minimum
Loan receivables, net
Loan periods extended range	1 month	1 month
Maximum
Loan receivables, net
Loan periods extended range	24 months	24 months
Electronic equipment | Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	3 years	3 years
Electronic equipment | Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Office equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Vehicles | Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	3 years	3 years
Vehicles | Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Logistic,warehouse and other heavy equipment | Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Logistic,warehouse and other heavy equipment | Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	10 years	10 years
Software | Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	3 years	3 years
Software | Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Building
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	40 years	40 years
Building improvement | Minimum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	5 years	5 years
Building improvement | Maximum
Property, equipment and software, net
Estimated useful Lives (in Years)	10 years	10 years
Other non-current assets
Loan receivables, net
Loan receivables		¥ 179,886,000	¥ 105,455,000	¥ 243,624,000

Summary of significant accoun_5

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details 2) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Consumer credit receivables financial assets derecognized	¥ 21,500,000	¥ 17,500,000	¥ 8,000,000
Proceeds from derecognition	21,500,000	17,500,000	8,000,000
Accounts receivables
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Collateralized amount	0	3,116,309	11,701,973
Consumer credit receivables financial assets derecognized	15,302,084	12,632,342	5,693,223
Loan receivables
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Collateralized amount	0	1,281,361	4,512,764
Consumer credit receivables financial assets derecognized	¥ 6,197,916	¥ 4,867,658	¥ 2,306,777
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Weighted average interest rate		5.33%
Minimum
Land use rights, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	34 years
Maximum
Land use rights, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	50 years
Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	5 years
Non-compete Agreement | Minimum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	5 years
Non-compete Agreement | Maximum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	8 years
Domain names and trademarks | Minimum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	5 years
Domain names and trademarks | Maximum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	20 years
Technology and others | Minimum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	2 years
Technology and others | Maximum
Intangible assets, net
Estimated useful lives (in years)	10 years

Summary of significant accoun_6

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details 3) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)leasesegmentitem	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)leasesegmentitem	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)lease	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)lease	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Jan. 01, 2019CNY (¥)	Jan. 01, 2018CNY (¥)
Revenue
Liabilities for return allowances			¥ 363,191,000		¥ 425,135,000
Net revenues	$ 82,864,846	¥ 576,888,484,000	462,019,759,000	¥ 362,331,754,000
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 889,222		11,109,988,000	16,359,147,000	6,190,588,000
Unearned revenue			15,461,245,000		21,347,848,000
Unearned revenue recognized		¥ 12,997,919,000
Revenue, Practical Expedient	true	true
Customer incentives and loyalty programs
Types of discounted coupons | item	2	2
Fulfillment
Fulfillment	$ 5,310,127	¥ 36,968,041,000	32,009,658,000	25,865,128,000
Marketing
Advertising costs		¥ 19,285,939,000	¥ 15,970,433,000	¥ 12,375,922,000
Leases
Number of capital leases | lease	0	0	0	0
Segment reporting
Number of major business segments | segment	2	2
Statutory reserves
Appropriations of statutory reserves		¥ 58,753,000	¥ 764,446,000	¥ 503,028,000
Appropriations to other reserve funds		¥ 0	0	0
Recent accounting pronouncements
Accumulated deficit	$ (1,711,149)		(24,038,081,000)	(22,234,609,000)	(11,912,679,000)
ROU assets	$ 1,241,575				8,643,597,000
Lease liabilities					8,716,644,000	¥ 7,000,000,000
ASU 2014-09 | Adjustment
Recent accounting pronouncements
Accumulated deficit							¥ 256,994,000
ASU 2016-18 | Adjustments
Recent accounting pronouncements
ROU assets						¥ 7,000,000,000
PRC | General reserve fund | Foreign invested enterprise
Statutory reserves
Minimum portion of after tax profit to be allocated to general reserve under PRC law (as a percentage)	10.00%	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%	50.00%
PRC | Statutory surplus reserve | Domestic enterprise
Statutory reserves
Minimum portion of after tax profit to be allocated to statutory surplus under PRC law (as a percentage)	10.00%	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory surplus reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%	50.00%
Electronics and home appliance products
Revenue
Net revenues		¥ 328,703,453,000	280,059,089,000	236,268,621,000
General merchandise products
Revenue
Net revenues		182,030,514,000	136,049,657,000	95,555,789,000
Shipping
Fulfillment
Fulfillment		17,858,972,000	15,216,351,000	12,691,013,000
Online marketplace and marketing services
Revenue
Net revenues		42,680,212,000	33,531,862,000	25,390,981,000
Logistics and other services
Revenue
Net revenues		¥ 23,474,305,000	12,379,151,000	¥ 5,116,363,000
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Revenue
Liabilities for return allowances			363,191,000		425,135,000
Prepayments and other current assets
Revenue
Rights to recover products from customers			¥ 381,165,000		¥ 454,298,000

Concentration and risks (Detail

Concentration and risks (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Concentration and risks
Foreign currency exchange appreciation (depreciation) rate	(1.00%)	(5.00%)	7.00%
Currency convertibility risk
Concentration and risks
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments	¥ 33,601,008	¥ 15,443,123	¥ 27,566,040

Restricted cash (Details)

Restricted cash (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Restricted cash
Restricted cash	$ 422,428	¥ 2,940,859	¥ 3,239,613	¥ 4,110,210

Fair value measurement (Details

Fair value measurement (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Assets
Investment securities	$ 3,076,375	¥ 21,417,104	¥ 15,901,573	¥ 10,027,813
Recurring basis
Assets
Restricted cash		2,940,859	3,239,613	4,110,210
Total assets		51,155,353	21,077,379	24,092,959
Recurring basis | Wealth management products
Assets
Short-term investments		23,206,770	1,934,820	8,582,754
Recurring basis | Listed equity securities
Assets
Investment securities		21,417,104	15,901,573	10,027,813
Recurring basis | Money market funds
Assets
Cash equivalents		3,590,620	1,373	1,372,182
Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Assets
Total assets		25,007,724	15,902,946	11,399,995
Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Listed equity securities
Assets
Investment securities		21,417,104	15,901,573	10,027,813
Recurring basis | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Money market funds
Assets
Cash equivalents		3,590,620	1,373	1,372,182
Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets
Restricted cash		2,940,859	3,239,613	4,110,210
Total assets		26,147,629	5,174,433	12,692,964
Recurring basis | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Wealth management products
Assets
Short-term investments		¥ 23,206,770	¥ 1,934,820	¥ 8,582,754

Fair value measurement (Detai_2

Fair value measurement (Details 2) - Wealth management products - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Short-term investments
Gross unrealized gains	¥ 54,813	¥ 627	¥ 23,755
Impairment charges	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

Fair value measurement (Detai_3

Fair value measurement (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Nov. 01, 2019	Sep. 21, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Investment securities
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments				¥ 295,965
Cost Basis				16,071,098	¥ 9,087,935			¥ 18,329,057
Gross Unrealized Gains				3,952,704	1,476,834			5,008,610
Gross Unrealized Losses				(4,122,229)	(513,047)			(1,920,563)
Provision for Decline in Value					(23,909)
Fair Value				15,901,573	10,027,813		$ 3,076,375	21,417,104
Others, net
Investment securities
Impairment of investments			¥ 1,612,139	593,138	59,987
China Unicom
Investment securities
Gross Unrealized Losses				(1,215,227)	¥ (366,032)			(688,141)
Percentage of outstanding ordinary shares subscribed or held					2.40%
Total consideration for the investment					¥ 5,000,000
Vipshop
Investment securities
Gross Unrealized Gains								1,077,422
Gross Unrealized Losses				(2,004,447)	¥ (37,064)
Percentage of outstanding ordinary shares subscribed or held					5.50%
Total consideration for the investment					¥ 2,794,547	¥ 1,121,792
Farfetch
Investment securities
Gross Unrealized Gains				2,250,113				159,589
Total consideration for the investment		¥ 186,155			2,713,285
ESR cayman limited
Investment securities
Gross Unrealized Gains								1,777,252
Total consideration for the investment				1,952,325
Percentage of disposal	3.40%
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Investment securities
Unsecured senior notes				6,382,604	6,527,960			7,195,427
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Nonrecurring basis | Others, net
Investment securities
Impairment of investments			¥ 1,612,139	593,138	59,987
Time deposits | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Investment securities
Time deposits				12,050,507	¥ 5,081,748			¥ 11,189,560
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Investment securities
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments				(1,156,642)
Accumulated deficit
Investment securities
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments				1,452,607
ASU 2016-01 | Adjustments | Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Investment securities
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments				(1,156,642)
ASU 2016-01 | Adjustments | Accumulated deficit
Investment securities
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments				¥ 1,156,642

JD Digits reorganization (Detai

JD Digits reorganization (Details) - Held-for-sale - JD Digits - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018
JD Digits reorganization
Percentage of equity stake disposed	68.60%
Amount raised	¥ 14,300,000
Percentage of profit sharing right	40.00%	36.00%
Percentage of equity interest can be converted from profit sharing right	40.00%	36.00%
Gain from the disposal of discontinued operations	¥ 14,193,481

JD Digits reorganization (Det_2

JD Digits reorganization (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
JD Digits reorganization
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax	¥ 6,915
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders	(5,030)
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling interests shareholders	281,021
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders	(269,076)
JD Digits | Held-for-sale
JD Digits reorganization
Net revenues	2,392,903
Operating expenses	(2,067,622)
Income from operations of discontinued operations	325,281
Other expenses	(316,245)
Income from discontinued operations before tax	9,036
Income tax expenses	(2,121)
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax	6,915
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests shareholders	(5,030)
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling interests shareholders	281,021
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders	¥ (269,076)

JD Digits reorganization (Det_3

JD Digits reorganization (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
JD Digits reorganization
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities	¥ (2,485,741)
Net cash used in discontinued investing activities	(17,871,171)
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities	14,054,620
JD Digits | Held-for-sale
JD Digits reorganization
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities	(2,485,741)
Net cash used in discontinued investing activities	(17,871,171)
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities	¥ 14,054,620

JD Digits reorganization (Det_4

JD Digits reorganization (Details 4) - CNY (¥)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
JD Digits
JD Digits reorganization
Maximum exposure to loss	¥ 1,728,568,000	¥ 3,902,238,000	¥ 12,076,035,000
Held-for-sale | JD Digits
JD Digits reorganization
Profit sharing payments recognized	¥ 0

Investment in equity investee_2

Investment in equity investees (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Measurement Alternative and NAV practical expedient investments
Carrying amount of cost method investments				¥ 9,750,726
Carrying amount of investment under NAV practical expedient		¥ 2,515,919	¥ 944,378
Carrying values of equity investments measured at fair value using the Measurement Alternative		17,580,557	17,104,784
Measurement alternative and NAV practical expedient investments		6,198,126	¥ 12,108,139	¥ 6,217,682
AiHuiShou International Co Ltd
Measurement Alternative and NAV practical expedient investments
Cost of investment	¥ 3,380,825
Cash consideration paid	¥ 138,582
Exclusive traffic resources	5 years
Top investee one
Measurement Alternative and NAV practical expedient investments
Measurement alternative and NAV practical expedient investments		3,380,825
Top investee two
Measurement Alternative and NAV practical expedient investments
Measurement alternative and NAV practical expedient investments		¥ 1,296,245

Investment in equity investee_3

Investment in equity investees (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Aug. 09, 2018CNY (¥)	May 23, 2018CNY (¥)item	Jun. 17, 2016CNY (¥)	May 22, 2015CNY (¥)item	Feb. 16, 2015CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2019CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2016CNY (¥)item	Dec. 31, 2014CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2019CNY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Apr. 29, 2019CNY (¥)	May 22, 2018	Dec. 28, 2017CNY (¥)	Nov. 16, 2017individual	Aug. 31, 2016USD ($)	Aug. 11, 2016	Apr. 26, 2016CNY (¥)	Feb. 28, 2015USD ($)
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									¥ 15,479,331				¥ 15,479,331	¥ 13,307,454	¥ 8,800,593
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									15,479,331				15,479,331	13,307,454	8,800,593
Operating data:
Revenues													128,942,238	94,099,295	72,206,753
Gross profit													34,540,510	26,893,544	19,162,739
Income/(Loss) from operations													(534,006)	(1,471,960)	(2,200,140)
Net income/(loss)													(564,940)	(1,722,715)	(2,549,137)
Net income/(loss) attributable to shareholders													(1,235,224)	(1,748,305)	(2,977,210)
Proportionate share of equity method investees' net income												$ (249,680)	(1,738,219)	(1,113,105)	(1,926,720)
Balance sheet data:
Current assets									117,073,881				117,073,881	110,276,278	78,125,211
Non-current assets									97,456,584				97,456,584	78,546,934	62,806,104
Current liabilities									94,482,219				94,482,219	80,643,552	58,734,790
Non-current liabilities									18,910,340				18,910,340	22,755,496	16,703,429
Redeemable stock									10,593,025				10,593,025	9,897,962	5,877,854
Non-controlling interests									380,510				380,510	431,498	717,106
Accumulated impairment of Measurement Alternative investments									2,458,382				2,458,382
Others, net
Equity method investments
Impairment charges in connection with the Measurement Alternative investments													1,612,139	593,138	59,987
Share of results of equity investees
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method													796,737	0	0
Yonghui Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									¥ 5,508,062				¥ 5,508,062	¥ 5,450,209	¥ 4,245,001
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)		12.00%							12.00%				12.00%	12.00%	10.00%		10.00%				10.00%
Total consideration in cash		¥ 5,458,074
Number of board seat held | item		2
Number of board seats | item		11
Dividend received													¥ 120,338	¥ 143,557	¥ 114,845
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									¥ 5,508,062				5,508,062	5,450,209	4,245,001
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets and intangible assets									2,249,239				2,249,239	2,122,874	1,946,349
Positive(negative) basis difference									3,258,823				3,258,823	3,327,335	2,298,652
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to goodwill									1,989,726				1,989,726	1,989,726	1,270,190
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to amortizable intangible assets									1,692,129				1,692,129	1,783,478	1,371,283
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to deferred tax liabilities									(423,032)				(423,032)	(445,869)	(342,821)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									428,729				¥ 428,729	250,538	124,917
Weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets												15 years	15 years
Aggregate market values									8,248,601				¥ 8,248,601	8,609,614	9,666,167
Operating data:
Revenues													81,367,849	67,975,691	55,524,229
Gross profit													18,019,934	14,912,887	11,319,620
Income/(Loss) from operations													2,024,586	1,296,271	2,065,795
Net income/(loss)													1,774,888	1,189,513	1,721,628
Net income/(loss) attributable to shareholders													2,000,842	1,548,833	1,818,910
Proportionate share of net income, before basis adjustments													232,580	160,630	181,891
Basis adjustments													(68,512)	(64,072)	(58,998)
Proportionate share of equity method investees' net income													164,068	96,558	122,893
Bitauto Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									¥ 1,817,781				¥ 1,817,781	2,544,367	2,128,409
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)					25.00%				24.00%				24.00%
Total consideration in resources-Future services					¥ 3,045,268
Total consideration in cash			¥ 328,975		2,450,920
Total consideration for equity investment					¥ 5,496,188
Total consideration in resources, additional support period from key platform					5 years
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									¥ 1,817,781				¥ 1,817,781	2,544,367	2,128,409
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets and intangible assets									2,347,924				2,347,924	2,619,609	2,228,925
Positive(negative) basis difference									(530,143)				(530,143)	(75,242)	(100,516)
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to amortizable intangible assets									(530,143)				(530,143)	(75,242)	(100,516)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									(3,910,223)				(3,910,223)	(3,280,796)	(3,696,754)
Aggregate market values									1,793,871				1,793,871	3,087,400	3,773,634
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method											¥ 488,453
Dada Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method															139,147
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)							81.00%
Term of warrant (in years)							2 years
Total consideration in cash							¥ 1,298,700
Number of board seat held | item							2
Number of board seats | item							6
Total consideration for equity investment							¥ 3,508,200
Assets/investments received by the Company																						¥ 3,508,200
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment															139,147
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets and intangible assets									(1,701,718)				(1,701,718)	(1,709,458)	(1,579,323)
Positive(negative) basis difference									1,701,718				1,701,718	1,709,458	1,718,470
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to goodwill									1,605,891				1,605,891	1,605,891	1,605,891
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to amortizable intangible assets									127,770				127,770	138,089	150,105
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to deferred tax liabilities									(31,943)				(31,943)	(34,522)	(37,526)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									(2,164,050)				¥ (2,164,050)	(2,164,050)	(2,024,903)
Weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets												6 years	6 years
Dada Group | Ordinary shares
Equity method investments
Percentage of the equity interests on a fully diluted basis (in percentage)							41.00%
Assets/investments received by the Company																						2,164,050
Dada Group | Preferred Shares
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									2,376,775				¥ 2,376,775
Percentage of the equity interests on a fully diluted basis (in percentage)							7.00%
Total consideration in cash	¥ 1,230,808												0
Total consideration for equity investment																		¥ 983,820
Assets/investments received by the Company																						1,298,700
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									2,376,775				2,376,775
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									1,373,385				1,373,385
Dada Group | Warrants-C
Equity method investments
Assets/investments received by the Company																						¥ 45,450
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Warrant recorded at fair value									45,450				45,450
Dada Group | Supply chain support
Equity method investments
Estimated useful lives (in years)							10 years
Dada Group | Traffic and other additional support
Equity method investments
Estimated useful lives (in years)							7 years
Dada Group | Non-compete Agreement
Equity method investments
Estimated useful lives (in years)							7 years
Tuniu Group
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									457,443				457,443	858,566	947,500
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)				28.00%				7.00%
Total consideration in resources-Future services				¥ 660,215
Total consideration in cash				¥ 1,528,275				¥ 305,930
Number of board seat held | item				1
Total consideration for equity investment				¥ 2,188,490
Total consideration in resources, with exclusive right				5 years
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									457,443				457,443	858,566	947,500
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets and intangible assets									633,295				633,295	714,009	779,525
Positive(negative) basis difference									(175,852)				(175,852)	144,557	167,975
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to goodwill														23,899	23,899
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to amortizable intangible assets									(175,852)				(175,852)	160,877	192,101
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to deferred tax liabilities														(40,219)	(48,025)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									(2,036,702)				(2,036,702)	(1,635,579)	(1,546,645)
Aggregate market values									457,443				457,443	867,921	1,304,082
Impairment charges in connection with the equity method									86,072	¥ 222,212
Yixin
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									1,206,741				1,206,741	1,044,537	860,992
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)																			11.00%
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									1,206,741				1,206,741	1,044,537	860,992
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets and intangible assets									1,663,071				1,663,071	1,641,276	1,703,448
Positive(negative) basis difference									(456,330)				(456,330)	(596,739)	(842,456)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									345,749				345,749	183,545
Aggregate market values									1,060,433				1,060,433	¥ 1,049,246	¥ 3,586,393
Number of non-executive board members the Group has right to nominate | individual																			1
Number of non-executive board members | individual																			9
Yixin | Preferred Shares
Equity method investments
Cost method investments | $																				$ 30,000			$ 100,000
Jiangsu Five Star
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for under the equity method									1,317,045				1,317,045			¥ 1,274,257
Percentage of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares (in percentage)						46.00%
A combination of cash and assumption of the seller's debt						¥ 1,274,257
Loans granted						¥ 1,024,946
Equity method investment with the investment cost allocation
Carrying value of equity investment									1,317,045				1,317,045			1,274,257
Proportionate share of investee's net tangible assets and intangible assets									480,438				480,438			432,310
Positive(negative) basis difference									836,607				836,607			841,947
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to goodwill									586,325				586,325			586,325
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to amortizable intangible assets									206,069				206,069			208,840
Positive (negative) basis difference has been assigned to deferred tax liabilities									(83,428)				(83,428)			(85,208)
Cumulative gains/(losses) in equity interest									42,788				¥ 42,788
Weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets												19 years	19 years
Weighted average remaining life of the property, plant and equipment												24 years	24 years
Property									¥ 127,641				¥ 127,641			¥ 131,990

Accounts receivable, net (Detai

Accounts receivable, net (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable					¥ 6,508,589,000	¥ 11,288,381,000	¥ 16,413,128,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts	¥ (318,001,000)	¥ (178,393,000)	¥ (36,993,000)		(318,001,000)	(178,393,000)	(53,981,000)
Accounts receivable, net				$ 889,222	6,190,588,000	11,109,988,000	16,359,147,000
Movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of the year	(178,393,000)	(53,981,000)	(36,993,000)
Additions	(213,395,000)	(124,412,000)	(16,988,000)
Write-off	73,787,000
Balance at end of the year	(318,001,000)	(178,393,000)	¥ (53,981,000)
Online retail and online marketplace receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable					2,392,737,000	7,756,808,000	14,819,862,000
Advertising receivables
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable					1,042,211,000	534,410,000	572,495,000
Logistics services
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable					¥ 3,073,641,000	¥ 2,997,163,000	¥ 1,020,771,000
Consumer financing receivables
Movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
Additions	¥ 0	¥ 0

Inventories, net (Details)

Inventories, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Inventories
Inventory, Gross		¥ 59,018,575	¥ 44,898,944	¥ 42,199,152
Inventory valuation allowance		(1,086,419)	(868,860)	(498,773)
Inventories, net	$ 8,321,434	57,932,156	44,030,084	41,700,379
Products
Inventories
Inventory, Gross		58,795,341	44,678,983	41,840,945
Packing materials and others
Inventories
Inventory, Gross		¥ 223,234	¥ 219,961	¥ 358,207

Property, equipment and softw_3

Property, equipment and software, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		¥ 30,027,939	¥ 18,205,497		¥ 33,626,701
Less: accumulated depreciation		(8,945,101)	(5,631,319)		(12,911,659)
Less: impairment					(60,971)
Net book value		21,082,838	12,574,178	$ 2,966,772	20,654,071
Depreciation expenses	¥ 4,673,362	3,533,483	2,310,065
Electronic equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		13,780,685	7,172,694		14,397,628
Building and building improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		9,118,708	5,855,920		9,084,029
Logistics,warehouse and other heavy equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		3,912,356	2,693,969		6,104,497
Vehicles
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		1,240,001	1,164,376		1,249,667
Leasehold improvement
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		1,318,735	827,408		2,100,120
Office equipment
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		406,534	287,282		388,841
Software
Property, equipment and software, net
Total		¥ 250,920	¥ 203,848		¥ 301,919

Land use rights, net (Details)

Land use rights, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Land use rights, net
Land use rights		¥ 10,860,924	¥ 7,254,974		¥ 11,380,221
Less: accumulated amortization		(385,266)	(204,165)		(488,479)
Net book value		10,475,658	7,050,809	$ 1,564,501	10,891,742
Amortization expenses	¥ 222,143	¥ 181,101	¥ 84,405
Amortization expenses related to the land use rights for future periods
2020					228,572
2021					228,572
2022					228,572
2023					228,572
2024					228,572
2025 and thereafter					¥ 9,748,882

Intangible assets, net (Details

Intangible assets, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	9 years 3 months 18 days	9 years 3 months 18 days	9 years 3 months 18 days
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 13,013,606	¥ 12,833,751		¥ 13,034,620
Accumulated Amortization		(7,829,775)	(5,984,325)		(8,752,461)
Impairment Amount		(172,125)	(156,709)		(172,125)
Net Carrying Amount		5,011,706	6,692,717	$ 590,369	4,110,034
Amortization expenses	¥ 932,550	1,845,450	1,798,246
Intangible assets impairment charge recorded	¥ 0	¥ 15,416	¥ 0
Amortization expenses related to the intangible assets for future periods
2020					633,717
2021					625,153
2022					460,885
2023					339,733
2024					229,864
2025 and thereafter					1,820,682
Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	5 years	5 years	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 6,075,289	¥ 6,075,289		6,075,289
Accumulated Amortization		(5,779,015)	(4,563,957)		(6,075,289)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 296,274	¥ 1,511,332
Non-compete Agreement
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	8 years	8 years	8 years
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 2,467,005	¥ 2,467,005		2,467,005
Accumulated Amortization		(1,194,067)	(885,390)		(1,502,141)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 1,272,938	¥ 1,581,615		964,864
Domain names and trademarks
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	19 years 3 months 18 days	19 years 3 months 18 days	19 years 6 months
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 3,305,413	¥ 3,250,789		3,311,250
Accumulated Amortization		(453,423)	(278,372)		(633,360)
Impairment Amount		(27,124)	(27,124)		(27,124)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 2,824,866	¥ 2,945,293		2,650,766
Technology and Others
Intangible assets, net
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)	6 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 2 months 12 days
Gross Carrying Amount		¥ 1,165,899	¥ 1,040,668		1,181,076
Accumulated Amortization		(403,270)	(256,606)		(541,671)
Impairment Amount		(145,001)	(129,585)		(145,001)
Net Carrying Amount		¥ 617,628	¥ 654,477		¥ 494,404

Goodwill (Details)

Goodwill (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Goodwill
Goodwill		¥ 9,243,990	¥ 9,243,990	¥ 9,120,439
Accumulated impairment loss		(2,600,321)	(2,593,420)	(2,593,420)
Goodwill, beginning balance		6,643,669	6,650,570	6,527,019
Additions				123,551
Impairment		0	(6,901)	0
Goodwill		9,243,990	9,243,990	9,243,990
Accumulated impairment loss		(2,600,321)	(2,600,321)	(2,593,420)
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 954,303	6,643,669	6,643,669	6,650,570
JD Retail
Goodwill
Goodwill		6,650,570	6,650,570	6,527,019
Accumulated impairment loss		(6,901)
Goodwill, beginning balance		6,643,669	6,650,570	6,527,019
Additions				123,551
Impairment			(6,901)
Goodwill		6,650,570	6,650,570	6,650,570
Accumulated impairment loss		(6,901)	(6,901)
Goodwill, ending balance		6,643,669	6,643,669	6,650,570
New Businesses
Goodwill
Goodwill		2,593,420	2,593,420	2,593,420
Accumulated impairment loss		(2,593,420)	(2,593,420)	(2,593,420)
Goodwill		2,593,420	2,593,420	2,593,420
Accumulated impairment loss		¥ (2,593,420)	¥ (2,593,420)	¥ (2,593,420)

Short-term borrowings (Details)

Short-term borrowings (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings	¥ 0	¥ 147,264	¥ 200,000
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings
Weighted average interest rate		4.15%	7.00%

Accounts payable (Details)

Accounts payable (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Accounts payable
Vendor payable		¥ 74,639,015	¥ 66,701,380	¥ 62,548,717
Shipping charges payable and others		15,789,367	13,283,638	11,788,991
Total	$ 12,989,224	¥ 90,428,382	¥ 79,985,018	¥ 74,337,708

Accrued expenses and other cu_3

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Deposits		¥ 14,619,420	¥ 12,870,155	¥ 9,787,387
Salary and welfare		5,037,530	3,952,163	3,131,752
Rental fee payables		332,893	653,105	400,632
Internet data center fee		614,712	387,478	212,143
Liabilities for return allowances		425,135	363,191
Accrued administrative expenses		368,821	318,012	185,876
Professional fee		268,054	122,930	59,802
Vehicle fee		190,289	114,576	69,042
Interest payable		43,598	44,449	84,807
Payable related to employees' exercise of share-based awards		403,398	42,979	152,177
Others		2,352,330	1,423,642	1,034,222
Total	$ 3,541,639	¥ 24,656,180	¥ 20,292,680	¥ 15,117,840

Unsecured senior notes (Details

Unsecured senior notes (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2016USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2016CNY (¥)
Unsecured senior notes
Carrying value		$ 992,917	¥ 6,912,492	¥ 6,786,143	¥ 6,447,357
Unsecured senior notes
Unsecured senior notes
Number of maturities for debt issued | item	2
Aggregate principal amount | $	$ 1,000,000
Carrying value			6,912,492	6,786,143	6,447,357
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs			63,708	77,057	86,843
Total principal amounts of unsecured senior notes			6,976,200	6,863,200	6,534,200
Debt discount						¥ 79,289
Debt issuance costs						¥ 35,727
Future principal payments for unsecured senior notes due
Due in 2021			3,488,100
Due in 2026			3,488,100
Debt repayable more than one year			3,488,100
Debt repayable more than five years			3,488,100
Unsecured senior notes | 3.125% notes due 2021
Unsecured senior notes
Aggregate principal amount | $	$ 500,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.125%					3.125%
Carrying value			¥ 3,477,276	3,413,264	3,242,565
Effective interest rate (as a percent)		3.37%	3.37%
Unsecured senior notes | 3.875% notes due 2026
Unsecured senior notes
Aggregate principal amount | $	$ 500,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.875%					3.875%
Carrying value			¥ 3,435,216	¥ 3,372,879	¥ 3,204,792
Effective interest rate (as a percent)		4.15%	4.15%

Leases (Details)

Leases (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Jan. 01, 2019CNY (¥)
Leases
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 1,241,575	¥ 8,643,597
Operating lease liabilities-current	458,715	3,193,480
Operating lease liabilities-non-current	$ 793,353	5,523,164
Total operating lease liabilities		¥ 8,716,644	¥ 7,000,000
Weighted average remaining lease term	4 years 4 months 24 days	4 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate	4.70%	4.70%

Leases (Details 2)

Leases (Details 2) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Leases
Operating lease cost	¥ 3,377,389
Short-term lease cost	1,212,899
Total	4,590,288
Cash paid for operating leases	¥ 3,460,898
Lease expense		¥ 4,571,036	¥ 3,086,709

Leases (Details 3)

Leases (Details 3) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
Leases
2020	¥ 3,267,527
2021	2,187,920
2022	1,549,062
2023	1,085,230
2024	664,785
2025 and thereafter	926,265
Total lease payments	9,680,789
Less: interest	(964,145)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	¥ 8,716,644	¥ 7,000,000

Leases (Details 4)

Leases (Details 4) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments
2019	¥ 3,596,926
2020	2,553,344
2021	1,452,812
2022	907,116
2023	459,342
2024 and Thereafter	1,044,818
Total	¥ 10,014,358

Gain on sale of development p_2

Gain on sale of development properties (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Feb. 27, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Feb. 28, 2019CNY (¥)
Gain on sale of development properties [Line Items]
Total gross asset value to be disposed to Core Fund	¥ 10,900,000
Gain on sale of development properties		$ 558,004	¥ 3,884,709
The initial annual rent under the lease agreements	¥ 700,000
Percentage of lease and rent expense increase annually	3.00%
Rental rate adjusted with growth rate of fair market rent	5 years
Minimum
Gain on sale of development properties [Line Items]
Lease term	5 years
Maximum
Gain on sale of development properties [Line Items]
Lease term	6 years
Core Fund
Gain on sale of development properties [Line Items]
Gain on sale of development properties			¥ 3,801,492
Total committed capital						¥ 4,800,000
Core Fund | General partner
Gain on sale of development properties [Line Items]
Committed percentage of the total capital (as a percent)						20.00%
Core Fund | GIC
Gain on sale of development properties [Line Items]
Committed percentage of the total capital (as a percent)						80.00%

Interest income and interest _3

Interest income and interest expense (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Interest income	$ 256,481	¥ 1,785,572	¥ 2,117,921	¥ 2,530,490
Interest expense	$ (104,141)	(725,010)	(854,538)	(963,742)
Bank deposits, wealth management products and others
Interest income		1,707,298	1,471,849	1,258,948
Loan receivables | JD Digits
Interest income		40,628	119,047	569,395
Nonrecourse securitization debt
Interest expense		(37,646)	(527,025)	(702,147)
Nonrecourse securitization debt | JD Digits
Interest income		37,646	527,025	702,147
Unsecured Senior Notes Bank Borrowings and Others
Interest expense		¥ (687,364)	¥ (327,513)	¥ (261,595)

Others, net (Details)

Others, net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Others, net
Gain from business and investment disposals	$ 172,284	¥ 1,199,407	¥ 1,320,266	¥ 74,965
Government financial incentives		2,222,223	614,658	843,447
Impairment of investments	(280,679)	(1,954,031)	(593,138)	(139,823)
Foreign exchange gains/(losses), net	17,822	124,070	(192,491)	213,482
Gains/(losses) from fair value change of long-term investments	502,127	3,495,709	(1,512,979)
Others		287,931	458,859	324,337
Total	$ 772,115	¥ 5,375,309	¥ 95,175	¥ 1,316,408

Taxation (Details)

Taxation (Details)

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

10 Months Ended

11 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

24 Months Ended

36 Months Ended

66 Months Ended

May 31, 2018

Jul. 31, 2017

Mar. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2019

Apr. 30, 2018

Mar. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2024

Taxation

Applicable tax rate approved (as a percent)

25.00%

25.00%

25.00%

PRC

Taxation

Applicable tax rate approved (as a percent)

25.00%

Percentage of claiming tax deductible for research and development expense (as a percent)

150.00%

Percentage of entitled to claim announced by State Taxation Administration (as a percent)

175.00%

Withholding tax rate on dividend distributed by FIE

10.00%

Maximum rate of withholding tax for dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong under specified conditions

5.00%

Minimum ownership percentage of the FIE by foreign investors to qualify for withholding tax rate limit for dividends paid by an FIE in China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong

25.00%

PRC | High and new technology enterprise

Taxation

Preferential income tax rate (as a percent)

15.00%

PRC | Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. | High and new technology enterprise

Taxation

Preferential income tax rate (as a percent)

15.00%

PRC | Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. | Software enterprise

Taxation

Number of years exempted from income tax

2 years

Reduction percentage of preferential corporate income tax rate

50.00%

Number of years half exempted income tax

3 years

Preferential income tax rate (as a percent)

12.50%

12.50%

PRC | Certain enterprises located in applicable PRC regions | Encouraged industry in the Western Regions of China

Taxation

Preferential income tax rate (as a percent)

15.00%

PRC | Sales of audio, video products and books

Taxation

Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)

13.00%

10.00%

9.00%

11.00%

PRC | Sales of other products

Taxation

Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)

16.00%

13.00%

PRC | Logistics services

Taxation

Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)

11.00%

10.00%

9.00%

10.00%

6.00%

PRC | Online advertising and other services

Taxation

Statutory VAT rate (as a percent)

6.00%

Percentage of cultural undertaking development fees

3.00%

PRC | Value Added Tax [Member]

Taxation

Reduction percentage of cultural undertaking development fees

50.00%

Indonesia

Taxation

Profit tax rate (as a percent)

25.00%

Hong Kong | Profit Above Two Million Hon Kong Dollar [Member]

Taxation

Profit tax rate (as a percent)

16.50%

Hong Kong | Profit Below Two Million Hong kong Dollar [Member]

Taxation

Profit tax rate (as a percent)

8.25%

Taxation (Details 2)

Taxation (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Income/(loss) before tax
Income/(loss) from China operations		¥ 14,177,105	¥ (578,300)	¥ 3,681,735
Loss from non-China operations		(484,573)	(1,795,378)	(3,560,775)
Income/(loss) before tax	$ 1,966,808	13,692,532	(2,373,678)	120,960
Income tax benefits/(expenses) applicable to China operations
Current income tax expenses		(1,269,323)	(437,326)	(360,603)
Deferred tax benefits/(expenses)		(533,117)	10,454	221,010
Subtotal income tax expenses applicable to China operations		(1,802,440)	(426,872)	(139,593)
Total income tax expenses	$ (258,904)	¥ (1,802,440)	¥ (426,872)	¥ (139,593)

Taxation (Details 3)

Taxation (Details 3) ¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)¥ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Reconciliation of differences between statutory tax rate and effective tax rate
Statutory income tax rate (as a percent)	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Tax effect of preferential tax rates and tax holiday	(8.10%)	8.30%	(942.70%)
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities (as a percent)	3.70%	(1.90%)	588.60%
Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction (as a percent)	(3.90%)	2.20%	30.50%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses (as a percent)	5.70%	(42.40%)	536.00%
Tax effect of non-taxable income (as a percent)	(1.00%)	3.80%	(14.00%)
Tax effect of Super Deduction and others (as a percent)	(13.20%)	53.90%
Changes in valuation allowance (as a percent)	5.00%	(66.70%)	(120.80%)
Expiration of loss carry forwards (as a percent)		(0.20%)	12.80%
Effective tax rates (as a percent)	13.20%	(18.00%)	115.40%
Effect of tax holiday
Tax holiday effect	¥ 1,115,598	¥ 198,118	¥ 1,140,251
Effect of tax holiday on basic net income/(loss) per share | ¥ / shares	¥ 0.38	¥ 0.07	¥ 0.40
Effect of tax holiday on diluted net income/(loss) per share | ¥ / shares	¥ 0.38	¥ 0.07	¥ 0.39
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carry forwards					¥ 2,775,074	¥ 2,028,350	¥ 1,162,287
Deferred revenues					137,128	283,824	299,723
Inventory valuation allowance					271,605	217,215	124,693
Allowance for doubtful accounts					214,932	88,036	52,117
Unrealized fair value losses for certain investments					356,259	482,027
Less: valuation allowance	¥ (3,674,442)	¥ (2,996,294)	¥ (1,626,680)		(3,674,442)	(2,996,294)	(1,480,570)
Net deferred tax assets				$ 11,571	80,556	103,158	158,250
Deferred tax liabilities
Intangible assets arisen from business combination					748,691	819,032	882,248
Accelerated tax depreciation and others					590,297	9,441
Total deferred tax liabilities				$ 192,334	1,338,988	¥ 828,473	¥ 882,248
Movement of valuation allowance
Balance at beginning of the Year	2,996,294	1,480,570	1,626,680
Additions	7,635,196	2,755,222	807,558
Reversals	(6,957,048)	(1,239,498)	(953,668)
Balance at end of the Year	¥ 3,674,442	¥ 2,996,294	¥ 1,480,570
Company's subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore and Hong Kong
Net operating loss carry forwards
Net operating loss carry forwards					5,413,758
Company's subsidiaries, consolidated VIEs and VIEs' subsidiaries established in PRC and Indonesia
Net operating loss carry forwards
Net operating loss carry forwards					¥ 8,863,674

Convertible redeemable non-co_3

Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)Vote$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)Vote	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)
Temporary Equity
Number of vote per share | Vote	1	1
Number of ordinary shares issued on conversion of each preferred shares | shares	1
Series A Preferred Shares
Temporary Equity
Issuance of preferred shares | ¥			¥ 15,973,564
Term of preferred shares redeemable by holders	5 years	5 years
Minimum offering value on fully diluted basis | $	$ 20,000,000
Shares purchase price | $ / shares	$ 2.50
Jingdong Express
Temporary Equity
Ownership percentage, on a fully-diluted (as a percentage)	19.00%
Jingdong Express | Series A Preferred Shares
Temporary Equity
Issuance of preferred shares	$ 2,510,000	¥ 15,973,564

Convertible redeemable non-co_4

Convertible redeemable non-controlling interests (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)shares
Amount
Balance at the end of the year	$ 2,293,140	¥ 15,964,384	¥ 15,961,284
Series A Preferred Shares
Number of shares
Shares Issued | shares			1,004,000,000
Balance at the end of the year | shares	1,004,000,000	1,004,000,000	1,004,000,000
Amount
Issuance			¥ 15,973,564
Less: preferred shares issuance costs			(14,772)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to mezzanine equity classified as non-controlling interests shareholders		¥ 3,100	2,492
Balance at the end of the year		¥ 15,964,384	¥ 15,961,284
Jingdong Express | Series A Preferred Shares
Preferred shares
Percentage of Preference Shareholders holding	50.00%	50.00%

Financing for JD Health (Detail

Financing for JD Health (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	May 31, 2019USD ($)
Total amount received by issuance of the non-redeemable series A preferred preference shares | $		$ 931
Series A Preferred Shares | JD Health
Ownership percentage, on a fully-diluted (as a percentage)		13.50%
Issuance non controlling interest	¥ 1,045,400
Additional Paid in Capital, Preferred Stock	¥ 5,232,343

Ordinary shares (Details)

Ordinary shares (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019shares	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)shares	Jun. 30, 2018CNY (¥)shares	Jun. 30, 2016shares	May 31, 2014shares	Mar. 31, 2014shares	Dec. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017$ / sharesshares
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares							$ 0.00002	$ 0.00002	$ 0.00002
RSUs and share options
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares reserved for issuance							137,075,214	160,323,374	149,369,486
Ordinary shares | Huang River Investment Limited | Transaction with Tencent
Ordinary shares
Shares Issued						351,678,637
Class A ordinary shares | IPO
Ordinary shares
Shares Issued					166,120,400
Class A ordinary shares | Huang River Investment Limited
Ordinary shares
Shares Issued	8,127,302
Class A ordinary shares | Huang River Investment Limited | Private Placement
Ordinary shares
Shares Issued					139,493,960
Class A ordinary shares | Newheight Holdings Ltd | Transaction with Walmart
Ordinary shares
Shares Issued				144,952,250
Class A ordinary shares | Google LLC
Ordinary shares
Shares Issued		27,106,948	27,106,948
Consideration received after deducting financing charges		$ 549,836	¥ 3,531,870

Share repurchase program (Detai

Share repurchase program (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2016CNY (¥)shares
Repurchase of shares cost | ¥								¥ 737,501
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options | ¥								737,501
ADS
Authorized amount | $	$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000			$ 1,000,000
Shares repurchased total (in ADS shares) | shares			2,332,048	2,332,048
Repurchase period (in months)	12 months	24 months
Shares repurchased during the year (in ADS shares) | shares			935,848	935,848	1,396,200	1,396,200			31,065,784	31,065,784
Repurchase of shares cost			$ 19,101	¥ 131,010	$ 29,999	¥ 205,886			$ 800,000	¥ 5,338,276
Weighted average repurchase price (in dollars per ADS) | $ / shares			$ 20.41		$ 21.48				$ 25.75
Payments under share repurchase program involving capped call options									$ 300,000	2,007,100
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options							$ 107,239	¥ 737,501	$ 216,220	¥ 1,463,218

Other comprehensive income (Det

Other comprehensive income (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		¥ 59,770,973	¥ 52,040,814
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments			295,965
Balance, end of the year	$ 11,757,875	81,855,970	59,770,973	¥ 52,040,814
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		3,358,469	661,685	1,483,737
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		749,865	2,696,784	(822,052)
Balance, end of the year		4,108,334	3,358,469	661,685
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		627	1,180,396	59,656
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments			(1,156,642)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		54,186	(23,127)	1,120,740
Balance, end of the year		54,813	627	1,180,396
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Composition of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance, beginning of the year		3,359,096	1,842,081	1,543,393
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles related to financial instruments			(1,156,642)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		804,051	2,673,657	298,688
Balance, end of the year		¥ 4,163,147	¥ 3,359,096	¥ 1,842,081

Share-based compensation (Detai

Share-based compensation (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	¥ 3,694,955	¥ 3,659,989	¥ 2,780,062
Cost of revenues
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	82,243	71,983	27,513
Fulfillment
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	440,167	418,895	425,706
Marketing
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	258,860	190,499	135,749
Research and development
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	1,340,317	1,162,579	670,612
General and administrative
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses	¥ 1,573,368	¥ 1,816,033	¥ 1,520,482

Share-based compensation (Det_2

Share-based compensation (Details 2) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation expenses | ¥		¥ 3,694,955		¥ 3,659,989		¥ 2,780,062
Share Incentive Plan | Employee and non-employee
Share-based compensation
Number of ordinary shares available for future grants	141,383,893							141,383,893
Share Incentive Plan | Employee and non-employee | Unvested RSUs | Service-based
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares)	118,496,092	118,496,092	106,045,892	106,045,892	82,847,816	82,847,816
Granted (in shares)	33,202,744	33,202,744	40,383,436	40,383,436	41,450,212	41,450,212
Vested (in shares)	(20,423,568)	(20,423,568)	(16,137,554)	(16,137,554)	(12,005,700)	(12,005,700)
Forfeited or cancelled	(30,444,064)	(30,444,064)	(11,795,682)	(11,795,682)	(6,246,436)	(6,246,436)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares)	100,831,204	100,831,204	118,496,092	118,496,092	106,045,892	106,045,892	82,847,816
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 15.58		$ 13.77		$ 11.97
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	14.29		18.95		16.27
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	14.96		12.47		10.14
Forfeited or cancelled | $ / shares	15.36		15.16		13.42
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 15.35		$ 15.58		$ 13.77		$ 11.97
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation expenses | ¥		¥ 2,958,847		¥ 2,968,468		¥ 2,462,881
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options | ¥								¥ 6,000,108
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	4 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 8 months 12 days
Total fair value of RSUs vested	$ 312,962	¥ 2,125,609	$ 295,632	1,892,221	$ 213,155	1,438,012
Total intrinsic value of RSUs vested	$ 312,962	¥ 2,125,609	$ 295,632	¥ 1,892,221	$ 213,155	¥ 1,438,012
Share Incentive Plan | Employee and non-employee | Unvested RSUs | Performance-based
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares)	79,546	79,546	213,486	213,486	310,002	310,002
Granted (in shares)			0	0
Vested (in shares)	(39,772)	(39,772)	(103,788)	(103,788)	(96,516)	(96,516)
Forfeited or cancelled	(19,888)	(19,888)	(30,152)	(30,152)
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares)	19,886	19,886	79,546	79,546	213,486	213,486	310,002
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.33		$ 6.33		$ 6.33
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			0
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.33		6.33		6.33
Forfeited or cancelled | $ / shares	6.33		6.33
Unvested at the end of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.33		$ 6.33		$ 6.33		$ 6.33
Additional disclosures
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to awards other than options | ¥								¥ 76
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	1 year 1 month 6 days	1 year 1 month 6 days
Total fair value of RSUs vested	$ 494	¥ 3,312	$ 2,555	¥ 16,181	$ 1,371	¥ 9,400
Total intrinsic value of RSUs vested	$ 494	¥ 3,312	$ 2,555	¥ 16,181	$ 1,371	¥ 9,400
Share Incentive Plan | Employee and non-employee | Options | Service-based
Number of share options
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in shares)	15,747,736	15,747,736	17,110,108	17,110,108	21,659,016	21,659,016
Granted (in shares)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exercised (in shares)	(3,299,962)	(3,299,962)	(1,077,036)	(1,077,036)	(4,116,816)	(4,116,816)
Forfeited or cancelled	(2,223,650)	(2,223,650)	(285,336)	(285,336)	(432,092)	(432,092)
Outstanding at the end of the year (in shares)	10,224,124	10,224,124	15,747,736	15,747,736	17,110,108	17,110,108	21,659,016
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in shares)	10,038,113							10,038,113
Exercisable at the end of the year (in shares)	9,129,940							9,129,940
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.55		$ 6.49		$ 6.23
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.72		5.23		5.20
Forfeited or cancelled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	8.52		7.68		5.92
Outstanding at the end of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.39		$ 6.55		$ 6.49		$ 6.23
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.29
Exercisable at the end of the year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.72
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding at the end of the year	4 years 3 months 18 days	4 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 3 months 18 days	6 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 2 months 12 days	7 years 3 months 18 days
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year	4 years 2 months 12 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Exercisable at the end of the year	4 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the end of the year (in dollars) | $	$ 114,720		$ 72,658		$ 243,327		$ 142,433
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (in dollars) | $	113,679
Exercisable at the end of the year (in dollars) | $	$ 108,594
Additional disclosures
Share-based compensation expenses | ¥		¥ 3,837		¥ 32,558		¥ 60,739
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to options | ¥								¥ 15,777
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized	2 years 4 months 24 days	2 years 4 months 24 days
Total intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 31,762	¥ 219,918	15,326	99,267	55,278	377,062
Cash received from the exercises of share options	16,201	¥ 112,153	7,382	¥ 48,555	19,942	¥ 135,745
Cash Receivable From Stock Option Exercises	$ 3,127		$ 449		$ 2,201			¥ 21,813	¥ 3,084	¥ 14,380
Share Incentive Plan | Non-employees | Unvested RSUs | Service-based
Number of Shares
Unvested at the beginning of the year (in shares)	5,798,970	5,798,970	5,719,884	5,719,884
Unvested at the end of the year (in shares)	4,478,140	4,478,140	5,798,970	5,798,970	5,719,884	5,719,884
Share Incentive Plan | Non-employees | Options | Service-based
Number of share options
Outstanding at the beginning of the year (in shares)	1,211,214	1,211,214	1,379,780	1,379,780
Outstanding at the end of the year (in shares)	1,072,212	1,072,212	1,211,214	1,211,214	1,379,780	1,379,780
Share Incentive Plan | Year two | Employee and non-employee | RSUs and options
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	2 years	2 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	50.00%	50.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Year three | Employee and non-employee | RSUs and options
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	3 years	3 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	33.00%	33.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Year four | Employee and non-employee | RSUs and options
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	4 years	4 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	25.00%	25.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Year five | Employee and non-employee | RSUs and options
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	5 years	5 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	20.00%	20.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Year six | Employee and non-employee | RSUs and options
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	6 years	6 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	17.00%	17.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Year ten | Employee and non-employee | RSUs and options
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	10 years	10 years
Vesting percentage (as a percent)	10.00%	10.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Multiple tranches with tiered vesting commencement dates from 2016 to 2025 | Employee and non-employee
Share-based compensation
Vesting schedule	6 years	6 years

Share-based compensation (Det_3

Share-based compensation (Details 3)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2015$ / shares	May 31, 2015CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expenses				¥ 3,694,955,000		¥ 3,659,989,000	¥ 2,780,062,000
Share Incentive Plan | Options | Founder
Share-based compensation
Cash salary to be received per year		¥ 1
Cash bonus to be received		¥ 0
Vesting schedule		10 years
Term of compensation plan		10 years
Share-based compensation expenses				134,367,000		¥ 167,184,000	¥ 227,326,000
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the share options granted			¥ 302,380,000	¥ 302,380,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized				5 years 4 months 24 days
Share Incentive Plan | Options | Founder | Each anniversary
Share-based compensation
Vesting percentage (as a percent)		10.00%
Share Incentive Plan | Options | Founder | Class A ordinary shares
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares) | shares		26,000,000
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 16.70
Share Incentive Plan | Options | Founder | ADS
Share-based compensation
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 33.40
JD Logistics Plan | Options | Employees and Non-employees
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares) | shares				83,476,500		187,844,000
Share-based compensation expenses				¥ 572,109,000		¥ 400,968,000
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted | $ / shares			¥ 1.67		$ 1.39
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the share options granted			¥ 1,228,262,000	¥ 1,228,262,000
Weighted-average period over which share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized				5 years 7 months 6 days

Net income_(loss) per share (De

Net income/(loss) per share (Details) ¥ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)¥ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)¥ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)¥ / sharesshares
Numerator:
Net income/(loss) from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ 1,750,144	¥ 12,184,155	¥ (2,491,633)	¥ 116,819
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | ¥				(269,076)
Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ 1,750,144	¥ 12,184,155	¥ (2,491,633)	¥ (152,257)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares - basic	2,912,637,241	2,912,637,241	2,877,902,678	2,844,826,014
Adjustments for dilutive options and RSUs	54,684,562	54,684,562		66,635,803
Weighted average number of shares - diluted	2,967,321,803	2,967,321,803	2,877,902,678	2,911,461,817
Basic net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | (per share)	$ 0.60	¥ 4.18	¥ (0.87)	¥ 0.04
Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | ¥ / shares				(0.09)
Basic net income/(loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | (per share)	0.60	4.18	(0.87)	(0.05)
Diluted net income/(loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | (per share)	0.59	4.11	(0.87)	0.04
Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | ¥ / shares				(0.09)
Diluted net income/(loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | (per share)	$ 0.59	¥ 4.11	¥ (0.87)	¥ (0.05)

Net income_(loss) per share (_2

Net income/(loss) per share (Details 2) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Non-vested ordinary shares, RSUs and options
Anti-dilutive securities
Anti-dilutive securities	149,343,638	160,431,097	146,268,314

Related party transactions (Det

Related party transactions (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	May 10, 2019USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Oct. 27, 2017CNY (¥)
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties			¥ (215,614)	¥ (54,342)	$ (45,675)	¥ (317,978)
Amount due from related parties			4,767,044	12,671,140		4,005,620
Amount due from related parties			3,136,265	10,796,561	$ 608,186	4,234,067
Transaction With Tencent Holdings Limited [Member] | Common Class A [Member]
Related party transactions
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred | $	$ 250,000
Business Acquisition, Equity Interest Issued or Issuable, Number of Shares | shares	8,127,302
Lexin Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties				(1,367)
Lexin Group | Services provided and products sold
Related party transactions
Revenues				543,304
Tencent Group
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties			862,781	595,105		1,128,102
Tencent Group | Services provided and products sold
Related party transactions
Revenues		¥ 398,700	276,728	31,505
Tencent Group | Commission service revenue from cooperation on advertising business
Related party transactions
Revenues		287,926	345,186	260,572
Tencent Group | Services received and purchases
Related party transactions
Operating expenses		2,222,196	1,175,849	674,727
Dada Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties			(118,135)	(7,378)		(208,123)
Dada Group | Services provided and products sold
Related party transactions
Revenues		132,585	122,326	100,360
Dada Group | Services received
Related party transactions
Operating expenses		1,565,470	938,627	694,207
Dada Group | Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties			(269,225)	(331,354)		(207,096)
Dada Group | Non-compete agreement
Related party transactions
Other income		82,123	78,771	80,447
Other liabilities			(354,236)	(415,082)		(276,976)
Bitauto Group | Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Revenues		606,593	608,844	609,055
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties			(771,121)	(1,379,965)		(164,528)
Tuniu Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties			(585)	(5,451)		(2,133)
Tuniu Group | Traffic support, marketing and promotion services
Related party transactions
Revenues		131,621	132,008	132,042
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties			(214,560)	(346,568)		(82,939)
JD Digits
Related party transactions
Amount of over-due receivable transferred			242,473	497,239		189,007
JD Digits | Services provided and products sold
Related party transactions
Revenues		342,270	449,093	271,813
JD Digits | Payment processing and other services received
Related party transactions
Operating expenses		4,980,748	3,930,847	2,936,416
Amount due to related party for payment processing services		1,284,955	1,055,239	793,218
JD Digits | Loan
Related party transactions
Other income		¥ 40,632	179,556	871,014
Amount due from related parties			4,427,907	11,747,066		365,089
JD Digits | Other receivables from/(payables to)
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties			(525,669)	328,969		1,363,479
JD Digits | Finance receivables past due over certain agreed period of time
Related party transactions
Accounts receivable transferred with recourse and not derecognized			1,387,774	167,897		0
Accounts receivables transferred without recourse and derecognized			9,854,493	1,583,968		24,585,577
Major related parties
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties			(118,720)	(14,196)		(227,760)
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties			(1,254,906)	(2,057,887)		(2,353,662)
Other liabilities			(354,236)	(415,082)		(276,976)
Related parties, other than the major related parties
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties			¥ 265,421	¥ 21,621		¥ 228,447
Amount due from related parties as a percentage of total accounts receivable, net and prepayments and other current assets			1.77%	0.12%	2.22%	2.22%
Amount due to and deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties			¥ 168,621	¥ 69,329		¥ 279,769
Amount due to and deferred revenues from related parties as a percentage of total accounts payable, advance from customers, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, deferred revenues and other non-current liabilities			0.15%	0.07%	0.20%	0.20%
Related parties, other than the major related parties | Total net revenues | Related parties concentration risk
Related party transactions
Concentration risk (as a percentage)		0.13%	0.06%	0.01%
Related parties, other than the major related parties | Total operating expenses | Related parties concentration risk
Related party transactions
Concentration risk (as a percentage)		0.20%	0.14%	0.07%
Yixin Group
Related party transactions
Bridge loan to related party							¥ 1,000,000
Core Fund | Loan
Related party transactions
Other income		¥ 75,496
Amount due from related parties						¥ 579,118
Core Fund | Other receivables from
Related party transactions
Amount due from related parties						569,832
Core Fund | Lease and property management services received
Related party transactions
Operating expenses		476,001
Aihuishou Group | Services provided and products sold
Related party transactions
Revenues		349,257	¥ 8,781
Aihuishou Group
Related party transactions
Amount due to related parties						(17,504)
Amount due from related parties			¥ 2,025
Deferred revenues in relation to traffic support, marketing and promotion services to be provided to related parties						¥ (1,899,099)
Aihuishou Group | Services received
Related party transactions
Operating expenses		¥ 10,467

Segment reporting (Details)

Segment reporting (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Net revenues	$ 82,864,846	¥ 576,888,484	¥ 462,019,759	¥ 362,331,754
Operating income/(loss)	1,292,033	8,994,880	(2,619,131)	(835,476)
Including: gain on sale of development properties	558,004	3,884,709
Total other income		4,697,652	245,453	956,436
Income/(loss) before tax	$ 1,966,808	13,692,532	(2,373,678)	120,960
Operating segments
Net revenues		575,742,055	461,063,511	361,495,215
Operating income/(loss)		12,753,058	1,912,565	2,885,596
Inter-segment
Net revenues		(435,364)	(1,103,943)	(546,667)
Unallocated items
Net revenues		1,146,429	956,248	836,539
Operating income/(loss)		(3,758,178)	(4,531,696)	(3,721,072)
JD Retail | Operating segments
Net revenues		552,245,141	447,502,173	356,020,374
Operating income/(loss)		13,775,339	7,049,222	4,956,264
New Businesses | Operating segments
Net revenues		23,932,278	14,665,281	6,021,508
Operating income/(loss)		(1,022,281)	¥ (5,136,657)	¥ (2,070,668)
Including: gain on sale of development properties		¥ 3,884,709

Segment reporting (Details 2)

Segment reporting (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Share-based compensation expenses		¥ (3,694,955)	¥ (3,659,989)	¥ (2,780,062)
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets			(22,317)
Total	$ 1,292,033	8,994,880	(2,619,131)	(835,476)
Unallocated items
Share-based compensation expenses		(3,694,955)	(3,659,989)	(2,780,062)
Amortization of intangible assets resulting from assets and business acquisitions		(885,385)	(1,805,638)	(1,777,549)
Effects of business cooperation arrangements		822,162	956,248	836,539
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets			(22,317)
Total		¥ (3,758,178)	¥ (4,531,696)	¥ (3,721,072)

Employee benefit (Details)

Employee benefit (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Employee benefit
Employee benefit expenses	¥ 5,694,240	¥ 5,290,925	¥ 3,546,241

Lines of credit and loan faci_2

Lines of credit and loan facilities (Details) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Amount reserved for the issuance of bank acceptance	¥ 23,297,902
Amount reserved for bank guarantee	995,014
Unsecured revolving lines of credit
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Revolving lines of credit	¥ 75,337,037

Lines of credit and loan faci_3

Lines of credit and loan facilities (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Proceeds from long-term borrowings | ¥				¥ 2,890,575
LIBOR
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Percentage over variable rate basis		1.15%
Term and Revolving Credit Facilities
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Term (in years)		5 years
Maximum borrowing capacity under facilities		$ 1,000,000
Number of arrangers | item		24
Undrawn balance which will be expired one month prior to the final maturity date			$ 550,000
Commitment fee (as a percentage)			0.20%
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	$ 450,000
Unsecured revolving lines of credit
Lines of credit and loan facilities
Maximum borrowing capacity under facilities | ¥					¥ 75,337,037
Debt payable more than two years but not exceeding five years			$ 450,000

Commitments and contingencies_2

Commitments and contingencies (Details) - Internet data center (IDC) service - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Internet data center (IDC) service related expenses	¥ 2,493,830	¥ 1,498,935	¥ 805,656
Future minimum payments under these non-cancelable agreements with initial terms of one year or more
2020	1,495,899
2021	1,248,228
2022	1,137,632
2023	753,652
2024	637,341
2025 and thereafter	749,163
Total	¥ 6,021,915

Commitments and contingencies_3

Commitments and contingencies (Details 1) ¥ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Capital commitments
Capital commitments and Long-Term Debt Obligations
Total capital commitments contracted but not yet reflected	¥ 7,093,075

Restricted net assets (Details)

Restricted net assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)
Restricted net assets
Restricted net assets	¥ 24,189,454
PRC
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to general reserve fund or statutory surplus fund	10.00%
PRC | General reserve fund | Foreign invested enterprise
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to general reserve fund	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory general reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%
PRC | Statutory surplus reserve | Domestic enterprise
Restricted net assets
Required minimum percentage of annual appropriations to statutory surplus fund	10.00%
Maximum percentage of statutory surplus reserve related to entity's registered capital	50.00%

Subsequent events (Details)

Subsequent events (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)shares	Jan. 01, 2020USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020USD ($)shares	Feb. 29, 2020CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2020USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2016USD ($)
Term and Revolving Credit Facilities
Subsequent events
Maximum borrowing capacity under facilities							$ 1,000,000
Senior Notes [Member]
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount								$ 1,000,000
Subsequent event | Term and Revolving Credit Facilities
Subsequent events
Amount of group drew down under facility commitment.					$ 550,000
Subsequent event | ADS | 2020 Share repurchase program
Subsequent events
Stock repurchase program authorized amount	$ 2,000,000		$ 2,000,000
Stock repurchase program period	24 months
Shares repurchased, shares | shares	1,191,370		1,191,370			1,191,370
Shares repurchased, value	$ 44,132
Subsequent event | 3.375% notes due 2030
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount		$ 700,000
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.375%
Subsequent event | 4.125% notes due 2050
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount		$ 300,000
Interest rate (as a percent)		4.125%
Subsequent event | Private placement notes | Jingdong Century
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount | ¥						¥ 5,000,000
Subsequent event | 2.65% notes due 2020 | Jingdong Century
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount | ¥				¥ 3,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)				2.65%
Maturity date				Apr. 27, 2020
Subsequent event | 2.75% notes due 2020 | Jingdong Century
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount | ¥						¥ 2,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.75%		2.75%			2.75%
Maturity date			Oct. 30, 2020
Subsequent event | Senior Notes [Member]
Subsequent events
Net proceeds from offering		$ 988,266
Subsequent event | Unsecured Senior Notes
Subsequent events
Aggregate principal amount		$ 1,000,000

Parent company only condensed_3

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)shares	Dec. 31, 2017$ / shares
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,310,612	¥ 36,971,420	¥ 34,262,445		¥ 25,688,327
Short term investments	3,533,968	24,602,777	2,035,575		8,587,852
Prepayments and other current assets	585,783	4,078,102	3,848,225		2,258,904
Amount due from related parties	608,186	4,234,067	3,136,265		10,796,561
Total current assets	19,979,684	139,094,558	104,855,779		115,028,652
Non-current assets:
Investment in equity investees	5,110,145	35,575,807	31,356,616		18,551,319
Investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs | ¥		15,479,331	13,307,454		8,800,593
Intangible assets, net	590,369	4,110,034	5,011,706		6,692,717
Other non-current assets	977,658	6,806,258	5,283,948		2,227,942
Total non-current assets	17,327,293	120,629,146	104,309,078		69,026,314
Total assets	37,306,977	259,723,704	209,164,857		184,054,966
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	12,989,224	90,428,382	79,985,018		74,337,708
Taxes payable	289,550	2,015,788	825,677		658,220
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	3,541,639	24,656,180	20,292,680		15,117,840
Total current liabilities	20,112,187	140,017,021	120,862,015		118,250,621
Non-current liabilities:
Unsecured senior notes	992,917	6,912,492	6,786,143		6,447,357
Total non-current liabilities	2,741,023	19,082,452	11,474,698		13,415,642
Total liabilities	22,853,210	159,099,473	132,336,713		131,666,263
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Ordinary shares value	55	381	380		377
Additional paid-in capital	13,024,810	90,676,122	82,832,895		76,254,607
Statutory reserves	209,596	1,459,165	1,400,412		635,966
Treasury stock	(363,436)	(2,530,166)	(3,783,729)		(4,457,608)
Accumulated deficit	(1,711,149)	(11,912,679)	(24,038,081)		(22,234,609)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	597,999	4,163,147	3,359,096		1,842,081
Total JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity	11,757,875	81,855,970	59,770,973		52,040,814
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity	$ 37,306,977	¥ 259,723,704	¥ 209,164,857		¥ 184,054,966
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.00002			$ 0.00002		$ 0.00002
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000		100,000,000,000
Class A ordinary shares
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,520,271,138	2,520,271,138	2,507,473,330		2,477,346,590
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,480,575,334	2,480,575,334	2,447,926,638		2,406,652,132
Class B ordinary shares
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	453,672,011	453,672,011	458,342,517		461,362,309
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	443,739,929	443,739,929	446,369,717		446,011,297
Parent company
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 944,531	¥ 6,575,639	¥ 2,196,796		¥ 8,964,809
Short term investments	110	767	755
Prepayments and other current assets	346	2,408	121,822		63,853
Amount due from related parties	457,758	3,186,818	1,555,288		715,671
Total current assets	1,402,745	9,765,632	3,874,661		9,744,333
Non-current assets:
Investment in equity investees | ¥					7,514
Investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs	11,678,161	81,301,020	64,127,171		45,675,625
Investment securities	1,895	13,192	12,978		35,893
Intangible assets, net	138,637	965,165	1,569,483		3,092,549
Other non-current assets	15,230	106,030	121,453
Total non-current assets	11,833,923	82,385,407	65,831,085		48,811,581
Total assets	13,236,668	92,151,039	69,705,746		58,555,914
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	20	140
Taxes payable	646	4,497
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	34,279	238,650	60,190		67,743
Total current liabilities	34,945	243,287	60,190		67,743
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term borrowings	450,931	3,139,290	3,088,440
Unsecured senior notes	992,917	6,912,492	6,786,143		6,447,357
Total non-current liabilities	1,443,848	10,051,782	9,874,583		6,447,357
Total liabilities	1,478,793	10,295,069	9,934,773		6,515,100
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Ordinary shares value	55	381	380		377
Additional paid-in capital	13,024,810	90,676,122	82,832,895		76,254,607
Statutory reserves	209,596	1,459,165	1,400,412		635,966
Treasury stock	(363,436)	(2,530,166)	(3,783,729)		(4,457,608)
Accumulated deficit	(1,711,149)	(11,912,679)	(24,038,081)		(22,234,609)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	597,999	4,163,147	3,359,096		1,842,081
Total JD.com, Inc. shareholders' equity	11,757,875	81,855,970	59,770,973		52,040,814
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' equity	$ 13,236,668	¥ 92,151,039	¥ 69,705,746		¥ 58,555,914
Ordinary shares, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.00002			$ 0.00002		$ 0.00002
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000	100,000,000,000		100,000,000,000
Parent company | Class A ordinary shares
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	2,520,271,138	2,520,271,138	2,507,473,330		2,477,346,590
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,480,575,334	2,480,575,334	2,447,926,638		2,406,652,132
Parent company | Class B ordinary shares
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	453,672,011	453,672,011	458,342,517		461,362,309
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	443,739,929	443,739,929	446,369,717		446,011,297

Parent company only condensed_4

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details 2) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Operating expenses
Marketing	$ (3,193,721)	¥ (22,234,045)	¥ (19,236,740)	¥ (14,918,107)
General and administrative	(788,612)	(5,490,159)	(5,159,666)	(4,214,790)
Income/(loss) from operations	1,292,033	8,994,880	(2,619,131)	(835,476)
Interest income	256,481	1,785,572	2,117,921	2,530,490
Interest expense	(104,141)	(725,010)	(854,538)	(963,742)
Others, net	772,115	5,375,309	95,175	1,316,408
Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders	1,750,144	12,184,155	(2,491,633)	(152,257)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	114,004	793,671	2,696,784	(822,052)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains, net of tax	44,920	312,723	237,585	1,473,014
Reclassification adjustment for gains recorded in net income, net of tax	(37,137)	(258,537)	(260,712)	(352,274)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	7,783	54,186	(23,127)	1,120,740
Total comprehensive income attributable to ordinary shareholders	1,865,638	12,988,206	182,024	146,431
Parent company
Operating expenses
Marketing	(43,307)	(301,495)	(1,218,920)	(1,215,222)
General and administrative	(67,466)	(469,688)	(495,835)	(556,534)
Income/(loss) from operations	(110,773)	(771,183)	(1,714,755)	(1,771,756)
Share of income/(loss) of subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs	1,806,378	12,575,644	(653,408)	1,717,151
Interest income	23,553	163,974	220,186	66,848
Interest expense	(54,031)	(376,152)	(315,683)	(260,756)
Others, net	85,017	591,872	(27,973)	96,256
Net income/(loss)	1,750,144	12,184,155	(2,491,633)	(152,257)
Net income/(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders	1,750,144	12,184,155	(2,491,633)	(152,257)
Net income/(loss)	1,750,144	12,184,155	(2,491,633)	(152,257)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	107,711	749,865	2,696,784	(822,052)
Net change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains, net of tax	44,920	312,723	237,585	1,473,014
Reclassification adjustment for gains recorded in net income, net of tax	(37,137)	(258,537)	(260,712)	(352,274)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities	7,783	54,186	(23,127)	1,120,740
Total other comprehensive income	115,494	804,051	2,673,657	298,688
Total comprehensive income attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ 1,865,638	¥ 12,988,206	¥ 182,024	¥ 146,431

Parent company only condensed_5

Parent company only condensed financial information (Details 3) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017CNY (¥)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	$ 3,559,600	¥ 24,781,220	¥ 20,881,422	¥ 26,856,727
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investment securities	(110,721)	(770,818)	(4,562,283)	(7,824,277)
Cash received from disposal of investment securities	144,946	1,009,088	317,975
Loans provided to JD Digits	595,937	4,148,796	6,259,241	(6,187,891)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,641,208)	(25,349,357)	(26,078,992)	(39,815,291)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares			3,531,870
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(18,818)	(131,010)	(205,886)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings			2,890,575
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options				737,501
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share-based awards	16,110	112,153	48,555	135,745
Net cash provided by financing activities	369,512	2,572,467	11,219,928	19,234,985
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	58,302	405,891	1,681,163	(641,534)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	346,206	2,410,221	7,703,521	5,634,887
Parent company
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	100,251	697,927	(233,195)	(105,219)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investment securities	0	0	(755)
Cash received from disposal of investment securities			7,893
Cash received from/(prepayments and investments in) subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs	747,323	5,202,711	(12,425,233)	2,359,092
Prepayments and investments in equity investees				(7,646)
Loans provided to JD Digits	(234,355)	(1,631,530)	(839,617)	(31,161)
Net cash used in investing activities	512,968	3,571,181	(13,257,712)	2,320,285
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares			3,531,870
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(18,818)	(131,010)	(205,886)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings			2,890,575
Proceeds from settlement of capped call options				737,501
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to share-based awards	16,110	112,153	48,555	135,745
Upfront fee payment for long-term borrowings			(81,581)
Net cash provided by financing activities	(2,708)	(18,857)	6,183,533	873,246
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	18,470	128,592	539,361	(240,077)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	628,981	4,378,843	(6,768,013)	2,848,235
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the year	315,550	2,196,796	8,964,809	6,116,574
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the year	$ 944,531	¥ 6,575,639	¥ 2,196,796	¥ 8,964,809