Malvern Bancorp (MLVF) 10-K 2021 FY Annual report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended:  September 30, 2021

or

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from               to              

Commission File Number: 000-54835

MALVERN BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	45-5307782
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)	Identification Number)
42 E. Lancaster Avenue, Paoli, Pennsylvania	19301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (610) 644-9400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share	MLVF	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was approximately $116.3 million, based on the last sale price on the NASDAQ Stock Market for the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

The number of shares of the Issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of December 3, 2021 was 7,622,316.

MALVERN BANCORP, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	26
Item 2.	Properties	27
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27
PART II
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholders’ Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	28
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	57
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	57
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	124
Item 9A	Controls and Procedures	124
Item 9B.	Other Information	125
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	126
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	126
Item 12	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholders’ Matters	126
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	126
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	126
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	127
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	129
SIGNATURES		130

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Information included in or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on form 10-K (this “Report”), other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Company’s press releases or other public statements, contain or may contain forward looking statements. Please refer to a discussion of the Company’s forward looking statements and associated risks in ‘‘Item 1 — Business’’ and ‘‘Item 1A — Risk factors’’ in this Report.

PART I.

This Report, in Item 1, Item 7 and elsewhere, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Sections 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. This Report contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including statements preceded by, followed by or that include words or phrases such as ‘‘believes,’’ ‘‘expects,’’ ‘‘anticipates,’’ ‘‘plans,’’ ‘‘trend,’’ ‘‘objective,’’ ‘‘continue,’’ ‘‘remain,’’ ‘‘pattern’’ or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘would,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘could,’’ ‘‘might,’’ ‘‘can,’’ ‘‘may’’ or similar expressions. There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements.  Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to: (1) the impact on our business, operations, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, prospects and trading prices of our shares arising out of or resulting from the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic; (2) competitive pressures among depository institutions may increase significantly; (3) changes in the interest rate environment may reduce interest margins; (4) prepayment speeds, loan origination and sale volumes, charge-offs and loan loss provisions may vary substantially from period to period; (5) general economic conditions and real estate valuations may be less favorable than expected; (6) political developments, wars or other hostilities may disrupt or increase volatility in securities markets or other economic conditions; (7) legislative or regulatory changes or actions may adversely affect the businesses in which Malvern Bancorp, Inc. is engaged; (8) changes and trends in the securities markets may adversely impact Malvern Bancorp, Inc.; (9) difficulties in integrating any businesses that we may acquire, which may increase our expenses and delay the achievement of any benefits that we may expect from such acquisitions; (10) the impact of reputational risk created by the developments discussed above on such matters as business generation and retention, funding and liquidity could be significant; and (11) the outcome of any regulatory or legal investigations and proceedings may not be anticipated. Further information on other factors that could affect the financial results of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. are included in Item 1A of this Report and in Malvern Bancorp’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These documents are available free of charge at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov and/or from Malvern Bancorp, Inc.  

Further, given its ongoing and dynamic nature, it is difficult to predict the full and continuing impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, including the outbreak of its variants, on the business of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. or its subsidiaries. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including when the coronavirus and its variants can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be fully reopened, and for how long it will remain as such. As the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we are subject to the following risks, any of which could continue to have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations: the demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income; if the economy is unable to continue to substantially reopen, and there are high levels of unemployment for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income; collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase; our allowance for loan losses may increase if borrowers experience financial difficulties, which will adversely affect net income; the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve Board’s target federal funds rate to near 0%, the yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing net interest margin and spread and reducing net income; cyber security risks are increased as the result of an increase in the number of employees working remotely; and FDIC premiums may increase if the agency experience additional resolution costs.

Malvern Bancorp, Inc. undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision or update to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which such statements were made, unless required by law.

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Item 1.  Business

General

Malvern Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company” or “Malvern Bancorp”), a Pennsylvania corporation, is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “Holding Company Act”).  Malvern Bancorp is the holding company for Malvern Bank, National Association (“Malvern Bank” or the “Bank”), a national bank that was originally organized in 1887 as a federally-chartered savings bank.

The Company’s primary business is the ownership and operation of the Bank.  The Bank’s principal business consists of attracting deposits from businesses and the general public and investing those deposits, together with borrowings and funds generated from operations, in commercial and multi-family real estate loans, one- to four-family residential real estate loans, construction and development loans, commercial business loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and other consumer loans. We also invest in and maintain a portfolio of investment securities, primarily comprised of corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, U.S. agency and bank qualified municipal obligations. Malvern Bank is one of the oldest banks headquartered on the Philadelphia Main Line.  For more than a century, the Bank has been committed to helping people build prosperous communities as a trusted financial partner, forging lasting relationships through teamwork, respect and integrity. The Bank’s primary market niche is providing personalized service to its client base.

We derive substantially all of our income from our net interest income (i.e., the difference between the interest we receive on our loans and securities and the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings). The Bank’s revenues are derived principally from interest on loans and investment securities, loan commitment and customer service fees and our mortgage banking operation. We also generate non-interest revenue through insufficient funds fees, stop payment fees, safe deposit rental fees, card income, including credit and debit card interchange fees, gift card fees, and other miscellaneous fees. In addition, the Bank generates non-interest revenue associated with residential loan origination and sale, back to back customer swaps, loan servicing, late fees and merchant services.

Our primary sources of funds are deposits, borrowings and principal and interest payments on loans and securities, as well as the sale of residential loans in the secondary market.  The Bank’s primary expenses are interest expense on deposits and borrowings, provisions for loan losses and general operating expenses.

The Bank conducts business from its headquarters in Paoli, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, and through its nine other banking locations in Chester and Delaware counties, Pennsylvania, Morristown, New Jersey, its New Jersey regional headquarters and Palm Beach, Florida. The Bank also maintains representative offices in Wellington, Florida and Allentown, Pennsylvania.  

The Bank has the following subsidiary interests:

• The Bank owns 100 percent of Malvern Insurance Associates, LLC (“Malvern Insurance”), a Pennsylvania limited liability company.  Malvern Insurance is a licensed insurance broker under Pennsylvania and New Jersey law.  

• Certain mortgage-backed securities of the Bank are held through Delaware statutory trusts, 5 percent of which are owned by the Bank and 95 percent of which are owned by Coastal Asset Management Co., a Delaware corporation which is wholly owned by the Bank.

• The Bank owns a 10 percent non-controlling interest in Bell Rock Capital, LLC (“Bell Rock”), an investment advisor registered with the SEC.

• The Bank owns a 3.39 percent interest in Bankers Settlement Services Capital Region, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company which acts as a title insurance agent or agency.

• The Bank owns 100 percent of Joliet 55 LLC., an Illinois limited liability company which holds an other real estate owned (“OREO”) asset. 

The Company’s common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”) under the ticker symbol “MLVF.” There are 50,000,000 authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, and 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock. Our executive offices are located at 42 East Lancaster Avenue, Paoli, Pennsylvania, 19301, and our telephone number is (610) 644-9400. Our website address is https://ir.malvernbancorp.com.

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As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “Malvern”, “the Company”, “registrant”, “we”, “us”, and “our” mean Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, unless the context indicates otherwise.

SEC Reports and Corporate Governance

The Company makes its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments thereto, available on its website at http://ir.malvernbancorp.com without charge as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with or furnishing them to the SEC. These reports are also available at the Internet site maintained by the SEC (http://www.sec.gov). Also available on the Company’s website are the Company’s code of ethics that applies to all of the Company’s employees, including principal officers and directors, and charters for the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

Additionally, the Company will provide without charge a copy of its Annual Report on Form 10-K to any shareholder by mail, upon request. Requests should be sent to Malvern Bancorp, Inc., Attention: Shareholder Relations, 42 East Lancaster Avenue, Paoli, Pennsylvania, 19301.  Our telephone number is (610) 644-9400.

Business Strategy

Our strategy is to compete for business by providing high quality, personal service to customers, enhanced local presence and customer access to our decision-makers, rapid decision-making, and competitive interest rates and fees. We develop business relationships by increasing our profile in our communities through the involvement of our management team and our Board of Directors (“Board of Directors” or “Board”). We believe we will continue to drive growth and increase profitability, while maintaining our high levels of asset quality, by doing the following:

Expand Relationships in Our Communities

     We emphasize household relationship banking by maintaining and growing our customers and contacts with personal interaction by our Board and management team in the communities that we serve.  We will continue to do so by offering a full suite of competitive banking products through efficient and varied delivery channels tailored to the needs and successes of our customers and potential customers. The Bank, through its Private Banking division, also offers investment and advisory solutions.  Our approach is personalized and focused on what our clients need.  We provide individuals, families, business and non- profits with personalized investment management, 401 (k) advisory services for employers, financial planning, trust services, and tailored lending.  In addition, we also offer insurance solutions through Malvern Insurance, our insurance subsidiary.  

Measured Loan Portfolio Growth while Aiding Borrowers Impacted by COVID-19

Our loan growth strategy is to originate high quality loans with strong sponsors on the commercial side and favorable credit metrics on the retail side in order to achieve measured growth and a balance of commercial and residential loans.

Core Deposit Growth

We plan to continue to focus on growing and diversifying our core, retail, non-maturity deposit base with an emphasis on household relationship banking.  Our business model includes using industry best practices for community banks, including personalized service, technology and extended hours.  We believe that these generate deposit accounts with larger average balances than might be attracted otherwise.  

Leverage Our Residential Mortgage Banking Infrastructure

We leverage our mortgage banking infrastructure to support the origination of residential mortgage loans for sale into the secondary market. Mortgage loan originations and sales activity are strategies utilized to support growth in our non-interest income, while also serving to help manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk through the sale of longer-duration, fixed-rate loans into the secondary market.

Improve Our Operating Efficiency

Expense discipline is a key strategy to improve operating efficiency and contribute to earnings growth.  We also strive to operate more efficiently by incorporating technology into our client offerings.

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Maintain Robust Capital and Liquidity Levels

The Company’s capital position continues to significantly exceed all regulatory capital guidelines, as demonstrated by the September 30, 2021 Tier 1 Leverage ratios of the Company and the Bank of 11.84 percent and 13.14 percent, respectively. We plan to continue to maintain robust capital reserves, in part due to the risks and uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

In addition to our robust capital levels, we maintain significant sources of both on- and off-balance sheet liquidity and plan to continue to do so. At September 30, 2021, our liquid assets included $136.6 of short-term cash and equivalents supplemented by $40.8 million of investment securities classified as available for sale which can be readily sold or pledged as collateral, if necessary. In addition, we had the capacity to borrow additional funds totaling $94.0 million via unsecured lines of credit and $376.6 million (without pledging additional collateral) from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh.

Ensure the Adequacy of Our Allowance for Loan Losses

The ongoing economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting impact on our asset quality remain unclear at this time. Notwithstanding this uncertainty, reserve levels remained adequate with total allowance amounting to $11.5 million at September 30, 2021.

Market Area and Competition

At September 30, 2021, our primary market area consisted of the counties in which we currently operate branches, private banking offices and representative offices, including Chester, Delaware and Lehigh counties in Pennsylvania, Morris County, New Jersey, and Palm Beach County, Florida.  Our lending is concentrated in these markets and our predominant sources of deposits are the communities in which our offices are located as well as the neighboring communities.  

The banking business is highly competitive. We face substantial competition both in attracting deposits and in originating loans. We compete with numerous commercial banks, savings banks and savings and loan associations. Other competitors include money market mutual funds, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, stock brokerage firms, unregulated small loan companies, credit unions and issuers of commercial paper and other securities. Many of our competitors have greater assets, capital, lending limits, and financial resources to, among other things, invest in technology and finance wide-ranging advertising campaigns.

Products and Services

We offer a broad range of deposit and loan products and other banking services. These include personal and business checking accounts, retirement accounts, money market accounts, time and savings accounts, safe deposit boxes, credit cards, wire transfers, access to automated teller services, internet banking, ACH origination, telephone banking, and mobile banking. The Bank also offers remote deposit capture banking for both retail and business customers, providing the ability to electronically scan and transmit checks for deposit using check scanners or our mobile apps.

Time deposits consist of certificates of deposit, including those held in IRA accounts.

Reciprocal deposits are offered through the Bank’s participation in IntraFi Network, LLC (the “Network”) and Impact Deposit Corp (“Impact”). Customers who are Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance sensitive are able to place large dollar deposits with the Bank and the Bank uses either the Network or Impact to place those funds into certificates of deposit or money markets issued by other banks in the Network. This occurs in increments of less than the FDIC insurance limits so that both the principal and interest are eligible for complete FDIC insurance coverage. The FDIC currently considers these funds as brokered deposits.

We offer personal and commercial business loans on a secured and unsecured basis, revolving lines of credit, commercial mortgage loans, and residential mortgages on both primary and secondary residences, home equity loans, bridge loans and other personal purpose loans. However, we are not and have not historically been a participant in the sub-prime lending market.

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Commercial loans are loans made for business purposes and are primarily secured by collateral such as cash balances with the Bank, marketable securities held by or under the control of the Bank, business assets including accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and liens on commercial and residential real estate.

Commercial construction loans are made for business purposes to finance the construction of commercial or residential properties secured by first liens on such properties. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by first liens on completed commercial properties, including multi-family properties, to purchase or refinance such properties. Residential mortgages include loans secured by first liens on residential real estate to purchase or refinance primary and secondary residences. Home equity loans and lines of credit include loans secured by first or second liens on residential real estate for primary or secondary residences.

Consumer loans are made to individuals who qualify for auto loans, cash reserve, credit cards and installment loans.  Our consumer loan portfolio includes unsecured overdraft lines of credit and personal loans as well as loans secured by savings accounts and certificates of deposit on deposit with the Bank.

Our portfolio lending activities include the origination of one- to four-family first mortgage loans, primarily in our designated market area. The fixed-rate residential mortgage loans that we originate for our portfolio generally meet the secondary mortgage market standards. As a complement to our residential one- to four-family portfolio lending activities, we operate a mortgage banking platform which supports the origination of one- to four-family mortgage loans for sale into the secondary market.  The loans we originate for sale generally meet the secondary mortgage market standards.  Such loans are generally originated by and sourced from the same resources and markets as those loans originated and held in our portfolio.

Through our Private Client division we offer investment advisory services to individuals, families, businesses and non-profits with personalized investment management, 401(k) advisory services for employers, financial planning, trust services, and tailored lending.

We offer a broad range of risk and insurance solutions including life and health insurance, long term care, automobile, homeowners and liability insurance through Malvern Insurance.

Human Capital Resources

At September 30, 2021, we employed a total of 81 full-time equivalent employees spanning across four states and nine offices.  It is through our employees, and their ties to the local community, that we are able to dutifully support the communities we serve.  Working within, and giving back to, the local community is the hallmark of a true community bank, and we believe that the strength and commitment of our workforce to our communities is what sets us apart from other community banks.

We have long been committed to comprehensive and competitive compensation and benefits programs as we recognize that we operate in intensely competitive environments for talent.  Retention of skilled and highly trained employees is critical to our strategy of being a trusted resource to our communities and strengthening relationships with our clients through our employees.  Furthering our philosophy to attract and retain a pool of talented and motivated employees who will continue to advance our purpose and contribute to our overall success, our compensation and benefits programs include: an Employees’ Savings & Profit Sharing Plan, with matching contributions, for all employees; a performance-based Executive Achievement Incentive Compensation Plan for executives; a Loan Incentive Plan for our lending officers; and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan for all employees.  Our Employee Stock Ownership Plan fosters a tangible sense of ownership for our entire workforce and does not require a monetary contribution by employees.

We invest in our employees’ future by sponsoring and prioritizing continued education throughout the Company’s employee ranks. All of our employees are able to participate in regular educational seminars run by outside parties, including but not limited to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the American Bankers Association.  The Bank also participates in the American Bankers Association, Stonier School of Banking.

In order to develop a workforce that aligns with our corporate values, we regularly sponsor local community events so that our employees can better integrate themselves in our communities.  We believe that our employees’ well-being and personal and professional development is fostered by our outreach to the communities we serve.  Our employees’ desire for active community involvement enables us to sponsor a number of local community events and initiatives.

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The Company is committed to the overall well-being of our team members. In the COVID-19 pandemic, we have worked to implement state and local directives regarding public health. We provided for remote working where possible.  We will continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic including both federal and Pennsylvania state guidance, making adjustments as necessary to support employees.  

Supervision and Regulation

The banking industry is highly regulated. Earnings of the Company are affected by state and federal laws and regulations and by policies of various regulatory authorities. Changes in applicable law or in the policies of various regulatory authorities could materially affect the business and prospects of the Company and the Bank. The following discussion of supervision and regulation is qualified in its entirety by reference to the statutory and regulatory provisions discussed.

Regulation of Malvern Bancorp, Inc.

Malvern Bancorp is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Holding Company Act.  As a bank holding company, Malvern Bancorp is supervised by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “FRB”) and is required to file reports with the FRB and provide such additional information as the FRB may require.

The Holding Company Act prohibits Malvern Bancorp, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than five percent of the voting shares of any company which is not a bank and from engaging in any business other than that of banking, managing and controlling banks or furnishing services to subsidiary banks, except that it may, upon application, engage in, and may own shares of companies engaged in, certain businesses found by the FRB to be so closely related to banking “as to be a proper incident thereto.”  The Holding Company Act requires prior approval by the FRB of the acquisition by Malvern Bancorp of more than five percent of the voting stock of any other bank.  Satisfactory capital ratios, Community Reinvestment Act ratings, and anti-money laundering policies are generally prerequisites to obtaining federal regulatory approval to make acquisitions.  The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) requires a bank holding company where so directed by the FRB, to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support its subsidiary bank in circumstances in which it might not be otherwise inclined to do so. Acquisitions by Malvern Bank require approval of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”).

The Holding Company Act does not place territorial restrictions on the activities of non-bank subsidiaries of bank holding companies.  

The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 enables bank holding companies to acquire banks in states other than the bank holding company’s home state and to open branches of such banks in other states, subject to certain restrictions. The Dodd-Frank Act, discussed below, authorized interstate de novo branching regardless of state law.

Regulation of Malvern Bank

As a national bank, Malvern Bank is subject to the supervision of, and to regular examination by the OCC.  Various laws and the regulations applicable to Malvern Bancorp and Malvern Bank impose restrictions and requirements in many areas, including capital requirements, the maintenance of reserves, establishment of new offices, the making of loans and investments, consumer protection, employment practices, bank acquisitions and entry into new types of business. There are various legal limitations, including Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act, that govern the extent to which a bank subsidiary may finance or otherwise supply funds to or engage in certain other types of transactions with its holding company or its holding company’s non-bank subsidiaries. Under federal law, no bank subsidiary may, subject to certain limited exceptions, make loans or extensions of credit to, or investments in the securities of, its parent or the non-bank subsidiaries of its parent (other than direct subsidiaries of such bank which are not financial subsidiaries) or take their securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. Each bank subsidiary is also subject to collateral security requirements for any loans or extensions of credit permitted by such exceptions.

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Capital Requirements

Pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”), each federal banking agency has promulgated regulations specifying the levels at which a financial institution would be considered “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” or “critically undercapitalized,” and authorizing certain mandatory and discretionary supervisory actions based on the capital level of the institution.

In July 2013, the FRB and the OCC published final rules establishing a new comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, referred to as the Basel III rules.  Basel III (i) introduced a new capital measure called “Common Equity Tier 1,” or CET1, (ii) specified that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting specified requirements, (iii) applied most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures to CET1 and not to the other components of capital, thus potentially requiring higher levels of CET1 in order to meet minimum ratios, and (iv) expanded the scope of the reductions/adjustments from capital as compared to existing regulations.

Under Basel III, the minimum capital ratios for Malvern Bancorp and Malvern Bank are as follows:

• 4.5 percent CET1 to risk-weighted assets

• 6.0 percent Tier 1 capital (i.e., CET1 plus Additional Tier 1) to risk-weighted assets

• 8.0 percent Total capital (i.e., Tier 1 plus Tier 2) to risk-weighted assets

• 4.0 percent Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (known as the “leverage ratio”)

Basel III also requires Malvern Bancorp and Malvern Bank to maintain a 2.5 percent “capital conservation buffer”, composed entirely of CET1, on top of the minimum risk-weighted asset ratios, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0 percent, (ii) Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.5 percent, and (iii) total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 10.5 percent.  The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress.  Banking institutions with a ratio of (i) CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets or (iii) total capital to risk-weighted assets above the respective minimum but below the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers based on the amount of the shortfall. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began to be phased in on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625 percent level and increased by 0.625 percent on each subsequent January 1st, until it became fully implemented at 2.5 percent on January 1, 2019.  

Basel III provides for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1. These include, for example, the requirement that mortgage servicing rights, deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) dependent upon future taxable income and significant investments in common equity issued by nonconsolidated financial entities be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10 percent of CET1 or all such categories in the aggregate exceed 15 percent of CET1.  The deductions and other adjustments to CET1 were being phased in incrementally between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2018.  However, in November 2017, banking regulators announced that the phase in of certain of these adjustments for non-advanced approaches banking organizations, such as Malvern Bank, was frozen.

Under current capital standards, the effects of accumulated other comprehensive income items included in capital are excluded for the purposes of determining regulatory capital ratios.  Under Basel III, the effects of certain accumulated other comprehensive items are not excluded; however, non-advanced approaches banking organizations, including Malvern Bancorp and Malvern Bank, were permitted to make a one-time permanent election to continue to exclude these items effective as of January 1, 2015. We made this one-time election in the applicable bank regulatory reports as of March 31, 2015.

With respect to Malvern Bank, Basel III also revised the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant to Section 38 of FDICIA, by (i) introducing a CET1 ratio requirement at each capital quality level (other than critically undercapitalized); (ii) increasing the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement for each category; and (iii) requiring a leverage ratio of 5 percent to be well-capitalized. The OCC’s regulations implementing these provisions of FDICIA provide that an institution will be classified as “well capitalized” if it (i) has a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.0 percent, (ii) has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0 percent, (iii) has a CET1 ratio of at least 6.5 percent, (iv) has a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5.0 percent, and (v) meets certain other requirements. An institution will be classified as “adequately capitalized” if it meets the aforementioned minimum capital ratios under Basel III. An

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institution will be classified as ”undercapitalized” if it (i) has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8.0 percent, (ii) has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0 percent, (iii) has a CET1 ratio of less than 4.5 percent or (iv) has Tier 1 leverage ratio of less than 4.0 percent. An institution will be classified as “significantly undercapitalized” if it (i) has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0 percent, (ii) has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0 percent, (iii) has a CET1 ratio of less than 3.0 percent or (iv) has a Tier 1 leverage ratio of less than 3.0 percent. An institution will be classified as “critically undercapitalized” if it has a tangible equity to total assets ratio that is equal to or less than 2.0 percent. An insured depository institution may be deemed to be in a lower capitalization category if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating.  Similar categories apply to bank holding companies. The capital ratios applicable to depository institutions under Basel III currently exceed the ratios to be considered well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. See “—Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act” below.

Basel III prescribes a standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets that expand the risk-weighting categories from the four Basel I-derived categories (0 percent, 20 percent, 50 percent and 100 percent) to a much larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets.

In November 2019, the federal banking regulators published final rules implementing a simplified measure of capital adequacy for certain banking organizations that have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets. Under the final rules, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, depository institutions and depository institution holding companies that have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets and meet other qualifying criteria, including a leverage ratio of greater than 9%, off-balance-sheet exposures of 25% or less of total consolidated assets and trading assets plus trading liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated assets, are deemed “qualifying community banking organizations” and are eligible to opt into the “community bank leverage ratio framework.” A qualifying community banking organization that elects to use the community bank leverage ratio framework and that maintains a leverage ratio of greater than 9% is considered to have satisfied the generally applicable risk-based and leverage capital requirements under the Basel III rules and, if applicable, is considered to have met the “well capitalized” ratio requirements for purposes of its primary federal regulator’s prompt corrective action rules, discussed below. The final rules include a two-quarter grace period during which a qualifying community banking organization that temporarily fails to meet any of the qualifying criteria, including the greater-than-9% leverage capital ratio requirement, is generally still deemed “well capitalized” so long as the banking organization maintains a leverage capital ratio greater than 8%. A banking organization that fails to maintain a leverage capital ratio greater than 8% is not permitted to use the grace period and must comply with the generally applicable requirements under the Basel III rules and file the appropriate regulatory reports. We do not have any immediate plans to elect to use the community bank leverage ratio framework but may make such an election in the future.

As indicated in the following tables, as of September 30, 2021, Malvern Bank’s and Malvern Bancorp’s current capital levels exceed the required capital amounts to be considered “well capitalized” and also meet the fully-phased in minimum capital requirements, including the related capital conservation buffers, as required by the Basel III capital rules. The Company is not subject to regulatory capital requirements imposed by Basel III on bank holding companies because it is deemed to be a small bank holding company.

Malvern Bank’s capital ratios as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:

	Actual					Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes					To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions					Excess Over Well-Capitalized Provision
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(Dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital    (to adjusted tangible    assets)	$	157,518		13.14	%	$	47,946		4.00	%	$	59,933		5.00	%	$	97,585		8.14	%
Common equity Tier 1    (to risk-weighted    assets)		157,518		16.13			43,934		4.50			63,460		6.50			94,058		9.63
Tier 1 risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		157,518		16.13			58,579		6.00			78,105		8.00			79,413		8.13
Total risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		169,072		17.32			78,105		8.00			97,632		10.00			71,440		7.32

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Failure to meet any of the capital requirements could result in enforcement actions by the regulators, including a capital directive, a cease and desist order, civil money penalties, the establishment of restrictions on the institution’s operations, termination of federal deposit insurance and the appointment of a conservator or receiver.

Malvern Bancorp’s capital ratios as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:

Actual

Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes

To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions(1)

Excess Over Well-Capitalized Provision(1)

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

(Dollars in thousands)

Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to    adjusted tangible    assets)

$

142,132

11.84

%

$

48,020

4.00

%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Common equity Tier 1 (to    risk-weighted assets)

142,132

14.53

44,024

4.50

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Tier 1 risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)

142,132

14.53

58,699

6.00

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Total risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)

178,620

18.26

78,265

8.00

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

(1) The Company is not subject to the regulatory capital ratios imposed by Basel III on bank holding companies because the Company was deemed to be a small bank holding company as of September 30, 2021

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010

On July 21, 2010, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Act which has significantly changed the bank regulatory structure and impacted the lending, deposit, investment, trading and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies. The Dodd-Frank Act required various federal agencies to adopt a broad range of new implementing rules and regulations, and to prepare numerous studies and reports for Congress. The discussion below generally discusses the material provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act applicable to the Company and the Bank and is not complete or meant to be an exhaustive discussion.

The following aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are related to the operations of the Bank:

• A new independent Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was established within the FRB, empowered to exercise broad regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority with respect to both new and existing consumer financial protection laws. Financial institutions with assets of $10 billion or less, such as the Bank, are subject to the supervision and enforcement of their primary federal banking regulator with respect to the federal consumer financial protection laws.

• Tier 1 capital treatment for “hybrid” capital items like trust preferred securities was eliminated subject to various grandfathering and transition rules.

• The prohibition on payment of interest on demand deposits was repealed.

• State consumer financial law is preempted only if it would have a discriminatory effect on a national bank, prevents or significantly interferes with the exercise by a national bank of its powers or is preempted by any other federal law. The OCC must make a preemption determination on a case-by-case basis with respect to a particular state law or another state law with substantively equivalent terms.

• Deposit insurance has been permanently increased to $250,000.

• The deposit insurance assessment base calculation equals the depository institution’s total assets minus the sum of its average tangible equity during the assessment period.

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• The minimum reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund increased to 1.35 percent of estimated annual insured deposits or assessment base; however, FDIC was directed to “offset the effect” of the increased reserve ratio for insured depository institutions with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion.

The following aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are related to the operations of the Company:

• The Federal Deposit Insurance Act was amended to direct federal regulators to require depository institution holding companies to serve as a source of strength for their depository institution subsidiaries.

• Public companies are required to provide their shareholders with a non-binding vote: (i) at least once every three years on the compensation paid to executive officers, and (ii) at least once every six years on whether they should have a “say on pay” vote every one, two or three years.

• A separate, non-binding shareholder vote is required regarding golden parachutes for named executive officers when a shareholder vote takes place on mergers, acquisitions, dispositions or other transactions that would trigger the parachute payments.

• Securities exchanges are required to prohibit brokers from using their own discretion to vote shares not beneficially owned by them for certain “significant” matters, which include votes on the election of directors, executive compensation matters, and any other matter determined to be significant.

• Stock exchanges, which includes Nasdaq, will be prohibited from listing the securities of any issuer that does not have a policy providing for (i) disclosure of its policy on incentive compensation payable on the basis of financial information reportable under the securities laws, and (ii) the recovery from current or former executive officers, following an accounting restatement triggered by material noncompliance with securities law reporting requirements, of any incentive compensation paid erroneously during the three-year period preceding the date on which the restatement was required that exceeds the amount that would have been paid on the basis of the restated financial information.  See “—Incentive Compensation” below.

• Disclosure in annual proxy materials will be required concerning the relationship between the executive compensation paid and the financial performance of the issuer.

Transactions with Affiliates, Directors, Executive Officers and Shareholders

Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and FRB Regulation W generally:

• limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate;

• limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with all affiliates; and

• require that all such transactions be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the bank or subsidiary, as those provided to a non-affiliate.

An affiliate of a bank is any company or entity which controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the bank. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans to the affiliate, the purchase of assets from the affiliate, the issuance of a guarantee on behalf of the affiliate, the purchase of securities issued by the affiliate, and other similar types of transactions.

A bank’s authority to extend credit to executive officers, directors and greater than 10 percent shareholders, as well as entities such persons control, is subject to Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O promulgated thereunder by the FRB. Among other things, these loans must be made on terms (including interest rates charged and collateral required) substantially the same as those offered to unaffiliated individuals or be made as part of a benefit or compensation program and on terms widely available to employees and must not involve a greater than normal risk of repayment. In addition, the amount of loans a bank may make to these persons is based, in part, on the bank’s capital position, and specified approval procedures must be followed in making loans which exceed specified amounts.

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Incentive Compensation

The Dodd-Frank Act requires the federal bank regulatory agencies and the SEC to establish joint regulations or guidelines prohibiting incentive-based payment arrangements at specified regulated entities with at least $1 billion in total assets, such as Malvern Bancorp and the Bank, that encourage inappropriate risks by providing an executive officer, employee, director or principal shareholder with excessive compensation, fees, or benefits or that could lead to material financial loss to the entity. In addition, these agencies must establish regulations or guidelines requiring enhanced disclosure to regulators of incentive-based compensation arrangements. The agencies proposed such regulations in April 2011 and subsequently proposed revised regulations in May 2016, but the revised regulations have not been finalized. If the revised regulations are adopted in the form proposed, they will impose limitations on the manner in which Malvern Bancorp may structure compensation for its executives and employees.

In 2010, the FRB, OCC and FDIC issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The guidance, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors. These three principles are incorporated into the proposed joint compensation regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act.

The FRB will review, as part of its regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as Malvern Bancorp, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

Dividend Limitations

Malvern Bancorp is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. Malvern Bancorp’s revenues (on a parent company only basis) result in substantial part from dividends paid by the Bank. The Bank’s dividend payments, without prior regulatory approval, are subject to regulatory limitations. Under the National Bank Act, dividends may be declared only if, after payment thereof, capital would be unimpaired and remaining surplus would equal 100 percent of capital. Moreover, a national bank may declare, in any one year, dividends only in an amount aggregating not more than the sum of its net profits for such year and its retained net profits for the preceding two years. However, declared dividends in excess of net profits in either of the preceding two years can be offset by retained net profits in the third and fourth years preceding the current year when determining the Bank’s dividend limitation. In addition, the bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit the Bank from paying dividends or otherwise supplying funds to Malvern Bancorp if the supervising agency determines that such payment would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice.

Loans to Related Parties

Malvern Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10 percent shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of the National Bank Act, Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Regulation O, as promulgated by the FRB. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to any such parties (i) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and (ii) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Bank’s capital. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Malvern Bancorp and its subsidiaries, other than the Bank under the authority of Regulation O, may not extend or arrange for any personal loans to its directors and executive officers.

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Lending Limits

As a national bank, the Bank’s lending limit to any one borrower is 15 percent of the Bank’s capital and surplus (defined as Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital calculated under the risk-based capital standards applicable to the Bank plus the allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”, “allowance”) not included in the Bank’s Tier 2 capital) for most loans ($25.4 million at September 30, 2021) and 25 percent of the Bank’s capital and surplus for loans secured by readily marketable collateral ($42.3 million at September 30, 2021).  At September 30, 2021, the Bank’s largest committed relationship totaled $24.6 million.

2018 Regulatory Reform

In May 2018 the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “2018 Act”), was enacted to modify or remove certain financial reform rules and regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”). While the 2018 Act maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion and for large banks with assets of more than $50 billion. Many of these changes could result in meaningful regulatory relief for community banks such as the Bank.

The 2018 Act, among other matters, expands the definition of qualified mortgages which may be held by a financial institution and simplifies the regulatory capital rules for financial institutions and their holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion by instructing the federal banking regulators to establish a single “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” of between 8 and 10 percent to replace the leverage and risk-based regulatory capital ratios. The Act also expands the category of holding companies that may rely on the “Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Holding Company Policy Statement” (the “SBHC Policy”) by raising the maximum amount of assets a qualifying holding company may have from $1 billion to $3 billion. This expansion also excludes such holding companies from the minimum capital requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. In addition, the 2018 Act includes regulatory relief for community banks regarding regulatory examination cycles, call reports, the Volcker Rule (proprietary trading prohibitions), mortgage disclosures and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans.

It is difficult at this time to predict how the new standards under the 2018 Act will ultimately affect the Bank or what specific impact the 2018 Act and the recently promulgated implementing rules and regulations will have on community banks.

Community Reinvestment

Under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), as implemented by OCC regulations, a national bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation consistent with its safe and sound operation to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods. The CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institution’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community. The CRA requires the OCC, in connection with its examination of a national bank, to assess the institution’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain applications by such association. The CRA also requires all institutions to make public disclosure of their CRA ratings. Malvern Bank received an overall “satisfactory” CRA rating in its most recent examination. A bank which does not have a CRA program that is deemed satisfactory by its regulator will be prevented from making acquisitions.

In June 2020, the OCC promulgated new CRA regulations that significantly changed the regulatory landscape for national banks to comply with CRA requirements.  These new regulations, commonly referred to as the “June 2020 Rules”: (1) clarifies and expands the bank lending, investment, and services that qualify for positive CRA consideration; (2) updates how banks delineate the assessment areas in which they are evaluated; (3) provides additional methods for evaluating CRA performance in a consistent and objective manner; and (4) requires reporting that is timely and transparent.  The June 2020 Rules were created by the OCC without coordination with the other federal bank regulatory agencies.

Following the 2020 presidential elections, and the appointment of a new Acting Comptroller (the head of the OCC), the OCC reviewed and revisited the June 2020 Rules.  In September 2021, the OCC proposed a new series of CRA regulations that would effectively rescind the June 2020 Rules, and replace them with the rules that were jointly adopted in 1995 by the federal bank regulatory agencies, with some amendments.  If this proposed return to the 1995 regulations is finalized and codified, the CRA landscape would largely return to the status that applied to the Bank pre-June 2020.

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Corporate Governance

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 added new legal requirements for public companies affecting corporate governance, accounting and corporate reporting, to increase corporate responsibility and to protect investors. Among other things, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002:

• required our management to evaluate our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting.

• imposed on our chief executive officer and chief financial officer additional responsibilities with respect to our external financial statements, including certification of financial statements within the Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q by the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer;

• established independence requirements for audit committee members and outside auditors;

• created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which oversees public accounting firms; and

• increased various criminal penalties for violations of securities laws.

Nasdaq, where Malvern Bancorp’s common stock is listed, has corporate governance listing standards, including rules strengthening director independence requirements for boards, as well as the audit committee and the compensation committee, and requiring the adoption of charters for the nominating, corporate governance, compensation and audit committees.

Privacy and Data Security Laws

The federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act includes limitations on financial institutions’ disclosure of nonpublic personal information about a consumer to nonaffiliated third parties, in certain circumstances requires financial institutions to limit the use and further disclosure of nonpublic personal information by nonaffiliated third parties to whom they disclose such information, and requires financial institutions to disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with affiliated and nonaffiliated entities as well as to safeguard personal customer information. We have a detailed privacy policy, which is available on our website. We maintain consumers’ personal information securely, and only share such information with third parties for marketing purposes in accordance with our privacy policy and with the consent of the consumer. In addition, we take measures to safeguard the personal information of our borrowers and investors and protect against unauthorized access to this information.

USA PATRIOT Act

As part of the USA PATRIOT Act, Congress adopted the International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “Anti Money Laundering Act”). The Anti Money Laundering Act authorizes the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, in consultation with the heads of other government agencies, to adopt special measures applicable to financial institutions such as banks, bank holding companies, broker-dealers and insurance companies. Among its other provisions, the Anti Money Laundering Act requires each financial institution: (i) to establish an anti-money laundering program; (ii) to establish due diligence policies, procedures and controls that are reasonably designed to detect and report instances of money laundering in United States private banking accounts and correspondent accounts maintained for non-United States persons or their representatives; and (iii) to avoid establishing, maintaining, administering, or managing correspondent accounts in the United States for, or on behalf of, a foreign shell bank that does not have a physical presence in any country.

Regulations implementing the due diligence requirements require minimum standards to verify customer identity and maintain accurate records, encourage cooperation among financial institutions, federal banking agencies, and law enforcement authorities regarding possible money laundering or terrorist activities, prohibit the anonymous use of “concentration accounts,” and require all covered financial institutions to have in place an anti-money laundering compliance program.

The OCC, along with other banking agencies, have strictly enforced various anti-money laundering and suspicious activity reporting requirements using formal and informal enforcement tools to cause banks to comply with these provisions.

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A bank which is issued a formal or informal enforcement requirement with respect to its Anti Money Laundering program will be prevented from making acquisitions.

Insurance of Accounts  

The deposits of the Bank are insured to the maximum extent permitted by the Deposit Insurance Fund and are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of, and to require reporting by, insured institutions. It also may prohibit any insured institution from engaging in any activity determined by regulation or order to pose a serious threat to the FDIC. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against national banks, after giving the OCC an opportunity to take such action.

The FDIC’s risk-based premium system provides for quarterly assessments.  Each insured institution is placed in one of four risk categories depending on supervisory and capital considerations. Within its risk category, an institution is assigned to an initial base assessment rate which is then adjusted to determine its final assessment rate based on its brokered deposits, secured liabilities and unsecured debt. To implement the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC amended its deposit insurance regulations (1) to change the assessment base for insurance from domestic deposits to average assets minus average tangible equity and (2) to lower overall assessment rates. The revised assessments rates are between 2.5 to 9 basis points for banks in the lowest risk category and between 30 to 45 basis points for banks in the highest risk category.

In addition, all institutions with deposits insured by the FDIC are required to pay assessments to fund interest payments on bonds issued by the Financing Corporation, or FICO, a mixed-ownership government corporation established to recapitalize the predecessor to the Deposit Insurance Fund. The Bank paid these assessments until the FICO bonds matured in 2019 and the FICO assessments ended.

The FDIC may terminate the deposit insurance of any insured depository institution, including the Bank, if it determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged or is engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, order or any condition imposed by an agreement with the FDIC. It also may suspend deposit insurance temporarily during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance, if the institution has no tangible capital. If insurance of accounts is terminated, the accounts at the institution at the time of the termination, less subsequent withdrawals, shall continue to be insured for a period of six months to two years, as determined by the FDIC. Management is not aware of any existing circumstances which could result in termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.

As noted above, the Dodd-Frank Act raises the minimum reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund from 1.15 percent to 1.35 percent and requires the FDIC to offset the effect of this increase on insured institutions with assets of less than $10 billion (small institutions). The FDIC has adopted a rule to accomplish this by imposing a surcharge on larger institutions commencing when the reserve ratio reaches 1.15 percent and ending when it reaches 1.35 percent.  The reserve ratio reached 1.15 percent on June 30, 2016.  Accordingly, surcharges began on July 1, 2016.  Small institutions will receive credits for the portion of their regular assessments that contributed to growth in the reserve ratio between 1.15 percent and 1.35 percent. The credits will apply for each quarter the reserve ratio is above 1.38 percent, in amounts as determined by the FDIC.

Federal Home Loan Bank System.  

Malvern Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, which is one of 12 regional Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”). Each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its assigned region.  It is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB System. It makes loans to members (i.e., advances) in accordance with policies and procedures established by the board of directors of the FHLB. At September 30, 2021, the Bank had $90.0 million of FHLB advances and $150.0 million available on its line of credit with the FHLB.

As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB of Pittsburgh in an amount equal to at least 1.0 percent of its aggregate unpaid residential mortgage loans or similar obligations at the beginning of each year.  The Bank was in compliance with this requirement with an investment in FHLB of Pittsburgh stock at September 30, 2021 and 2020 of $5.0 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Federal Reserve System.  

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The Federal Reserve Board regulations generally requires all depository institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily interest-bearing checking and regular checking accounts). The regulations are adjusted annually and generally provide that reserves be maintained against aggregate transaction accounts. However, as announced on March 15, 2020, The Federal Reserve Board reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent, effective March 26, 2020, in light of the shift to an ample reserves regime. This action eliminates the need for thousands of depository institutions to maintain balances in accounts at Reserve Banks to satisfy reserve requirements, thereby freeing up liquidity in the banking system to support lending to households and businesses.

In addition, as a national bank, the Bank is required to hold capital stock of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The required shares may be adjusted up or down based on changes to the Bank’s common stock and paid-in surplus. The Bank is in compliance with these requirements, with a total investment in Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia stock of $2.7 million at both September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia pays dividends on the common stock held by the Bank at a current rate of 6%. Dividends received from the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, totaled $161,000 for the year ended September 30, 2021.

Federal Securities Laws.  

Malvern Bancorp has registered its common stock with the SEC under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.  Accordingly, Malvern Bancorp is subject to the proxy and tender offer rules, insider trading reporting requirements and restrictions, and certain other requirements under the Exchange Act.

Other Regulations. 

Malvern Bank is subject to federal consumer protection statutes and regulations promulgated under those laws, including, but not limited to, the:

• Truth-In-Lending Act and Regulation Z, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

• the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”) and Regulation X, which governs certain mortgage loan origination activities and practices and the actions of servicers related to escrow accounts, loan servicing transfers, lender-placed insurance, loss mitigation, error resolution and other customer communications; and

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• Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain the confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of federal agencies or law enforcement, seeking the production of customer financial records.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Ownership of our common stock involves certain risks. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all other information contained in this Report. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially, adversely affected.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to periods of significant volatility in financial, real estate, commodities and other markets and could harm our business and results of operations.

In December 2019, a COVID-19 outbreak was reported in China, and, in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. Since that time, the coronavirus has spread throughout the United States, including in the regions and communities in which the Company operates. In response, many state and local governments, including the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey, instituted various emergency restrictions that substantially limited the operation of non-essential businesses and the activities of individuals. These restrictions resulted, and could continue to result, in significant adverse effects on our borrowers and many different types of small and mid-sized businesses within the Company’s client base, particularly those in the retail, hotel, construction, commercial real estate, medical, leisure, hospitality and food and beverage industries, among many others, and resulted in a significant number of layoffs and furloughs of employees nationwide and in the regions and communities in which we operate.

The ultimate effect of COVID-19 and related events, including those described above and those not yet known or knowable, could have a negative effect on the stock price, business prospects, financial condition and results of operations of the Company, including as a result of quarantines, market volatility, market downturns, changes in consumer behavior, business closures, deterioration in the credit quality of borrowers or the inability of borrowers to satisfy their obligations to the Company (and any related forbearances or restructurings that may be implemented), declines in the value of collateral securing outstanding loans, branch or office closures and business interruptions.

The outbreak resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as quarantines and shelter in place orders. These measures may be implemented again and could adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition, as well as the business, operations and financial conditions of our customers and business partners. The Company maintains a Telework Policy that allows for a modified work schedule of in-person and remote working while limiting certain exposure and spread of the virus. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees and customers. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities.

We are subject to increasing credit risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could adversely impact our profitability.

Our business depends on our ability to successfully measure and manage credit risk. We are exposed to the risk that the principal of, or interest on, a loan will not be paid timely or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting a loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. In addition, we are exposed to risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions and risks inherent in dealing with loans and borrowers. As the overall economic climate in the U.S., generally, and in our market areas specifically, experience material disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our borrowers have had, and may continue to have, difficulties in repaying their loans.  Governmental actions providing payment relief to borrowers affected by COVID-19 could preclude our ability to initiate foreclosure proceedings in certain circumstances and, as a result, the collateral we hold may decrease in value or become illiquid, and the level of our nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require significant additional provisions for loan losses. Additional factors related to the credit quality of certain commercial real estate and multifamily residential loans include the duration of state and local moratoriums on evictions for non-payment of rent or other fees. The payment on these loans that are secured by income producing properties are typically dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate property and may subject us to risks from adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy.

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Bank regulatory agencies and various governmental authorities are urging financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. We have been actively working to support our borrowers to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on them and on our loan portfolio, including through loan modifications that defer payments for those who experienced a hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although regulatory guidance provides that such loan modifications are exempt from the calculation and reporting of troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and loan delinquencies, we cannot predict whether such loan modifications may ultimately have an adverse impact on our profitability in future periods. Our inability to successfully manage the increased credit risk caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the metropolitan New York area commercial real estate market has been particularly uncertain.  Loans made to our borrowers in the New York area have been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We may continue to incur losses on commercial real estate loans due to declines in occupancy rates and rental rates and decreases in property values. The Bank currently has one $13.6 million non-accrual commercial real estate loan in the metropolitan New York area. The effects of COVID-19 variants create further ambiguity on the strength or likelihood of a financial recovery or a recovery in the commercial real estate market, and the expiration of federal and state stimulus programs, eviction moratoriums, and other support programs may present additional challenges.  Changing consumer and business preferences related to shopping, travel, and returning to the office may lead to medium-and long-term income and valuation challenges in certain commercial real estate sectors. Any further weakening of the commercial real estate market may increase the likelihood of default of these loans, which could negatively impact our loan portfolio’s performance and asset quality. If we are required to liquidate the collateral securing a loan to satisfy the debt during a period of reduced real estate values, we could incur material losses. Any of these events could increase our costs, require management time and attention, and materially and adversely affect us.

Interest rate volatility stemming from COVID-19 could negatively affect our net interest income, lending activities, deposits and profitability.

Our net interest income, lending activities, deposits and profitability could be negatively affected by volatility in interest rates caused by uncertainties stemming from COVID-19.  In March 2020, the FRB lowered the target range for the federal funds rate to a range from 0 to 0.25 percent, citing concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on markets and stress in certain sectors. A prolonged period of extremely volatile and unstable market conditions would likely increase our funding costs and negatively affect market risk mitigation strategies. Higher income volatility from changes in interest rates and spreads to benchmark indices could cause a loss of future net interest income and a decrease in current fair market values of our assets. Fluctuations in interest rates will impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our net income, operating results, and financial condition.

Unpredictable future developments related to or resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is not possible to predict the ultimate impact of the coronavirus outbreak on the stock price, business prospects, financial condition or results of operations of the Company. Any future development is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of our work from home arrangements, third party providers’ ability to support our operation, and any actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. We are continuing to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and related risks, although the rapid development and fluidity of the situation precludes any specific prediction as to its ultimate impact on us. However, if the pandemic continues to spread or otherwise results in a continuation or worsening of the current economic and commercial environments, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios could be materially adversely affected and many of the risks described herein will be heightened.

Our prior participation in the SBA PPP loan program could expose us to risks related to noncompliance with the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company was a participating lender in the PPP, a loan program administered through the SBA, which was created to help eligible businesses, organizations and self-employed persons fund their operational costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under this program, the SBA guarantees 100% of the amounts loaned under the PPP. As previously announced the Company subsequently sold the entirety of its PPP loan portfolio, however, we may be

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required to repurchase, and as a result be exposed to credit risk, on sold PPP loans in certain circumstances if a determination is made by the SBA that there was a deficiency by the Bank with respect to the manner in which the loan was originated, funded, or serviced.

Risks Related to Our Business

We are subject to credit risk in connection with our lending activities, and our financial condition and results of operations may be negatively impacted by economic conditions and other factors that adversely affect our borrowers.

Our financial condition and results of operations are affected by the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, and in a timely manner. The risks of non-payment and late payments are assessed through our underwriting and loan review procedures based on several factors including credit risks of a particular borrower, changes in economic conditions, the duration of the loan and in the case of a collateralized loan, uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral and other factors. Despite our efforts, we do and will experience loan losses, and our financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; high unemployment, natural disasters, terrorist acts, or a combination of these or other factors.

Our loan portfolio has been significantly affected by the economic disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to our loan losses and delinquencies increasing, and we may need to significantly add to our allowance for loan losses.

The economic disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a significant increase in delinquencies and loans on nonaccrual status across our loan portfolio as certain industries have been particularly hard-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has adversely affected the ability of certain of our borrowers to repay their loans.

For example, in November 2021 we announced that we completed a sale to a single investor of certain problem loans. Specifically, the Company sold three loans with a book balance of $29.3 million with a write down of approximately $10.4 million. The loans sold included approximately $12.2 million of non-accruing loans and $17.1 million of performing troubled debt restructurings. The Company had classified the loans as “held for sale” at September 30, 2021, after taking write downs to reflect the anticipated sale price of such loans. Including the write down, the Company recorded a provision for loan and lease losses of approximately $10.6 million at the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The loan sale had a material negative impact on the Company’s earnings for the quarter and year ended September 30, 2021. Notwithstanding the sale of the above-mentioned loans, the Company still retains one non-performing commercial real estate loan in the metropolitan New York area carried at a fair value of $13.6 million, classified as held for sale as of September 31, 2021, which could potentially be sold at an additional loss, which could further have a material negative impact on our earnings and financial condition. It is also possible that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and our loan portfolio will increase our exposure to elevated loan losses and delinquencies, and as a result, we may further increase our allowance for loan losses.

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If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings will decrease.

We make various assumptions and judgements about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. In determining the required amount of the allowance for loan losses, we evaluate certain loans individually and establish loan loss allowances for specifically identified impairments. For all non-impaired loans, including those not individually reviewed, we estimate losses and establish loan loss allowances based upon historical and environmental loss factors. If the assumptions used in our calculation methodology are incorrect, our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio, resulting in further additions to our allowance. The COVID-19 pandemic has further impacted the assumptions and methodologies typically used in making allowances for loan losses, and the availability of materials and other market information, including appraisals, have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, making assumptions more subjective. At September 30, 2021, our allowance for loan losses was 1.21 percent of total loans. Significant additions to our allowance could materially decrease our net income.

Climate change and related legislative and regulatory initiatives may materially affect the Company’s business and results of operations.

The effects of climate change continue to create an alarming level of concern for the state of the global environment. As a result, the global business community has increased its political and social awareness surrounding the issue, and the United States has entered into international agreements in an attempt to reduce global temperatures, such as reentering the Paris Agreement. Further, the U.S. Congress, state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies continue to propose numerous initiatives to supplement the global effort to combat climate change. Similar and even more expansive initiatives are expected under the current administration, including potentially increasing supervisory expectations with respect to banks’ risk management practices, accounting for the effects of climate change in stress testing scenarios and systemic risk assessments, revising expectations for credit portfolio concentrations based on climate-related factors and encouraging investment by banks in climate-related initiatives and lending to communities disproportionately impacted by the effects of climate change. The lack of empirical data surrounding the credit and other financial risks posed by climate change render it impossible to predict how specifically climate change may impact our financial condition and results of operations; however, the physical effects of climate change may also directly impact us. Specifically, unpredictable and more frequent weather disasters may adversely impact the value of real property securing the loans in our portfolios. Additionally, if insurance obtained by our borrowers is insufficient to cover any losses sustained to the collateral, or if insurance coverage is otherwise unavailable to our borrowers, the collateral securing our loans may be negatively impacted by climate change, which could impact our financial condition and results of operations.  Further, the effects of climate change may negatively impact regional and local economic activity, which could lead to an adverse effect on our customers and impact the communities in which we operate. Overall, climate change, its effects and the resulting, unknown impact could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.  

Our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by changing economic conditions.

A return to a recessionary period, increased inflation, continued disruption in global and domestic supply chains, and other economic conditions could negatively impact our customers in a manner that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.  Volatility in the housing markets, real estate values and unemployment levels, and the deterioration of economic conditions in our market area, could affect our customers’ ability to repay loans and adversely affect our results of operations and future growth potential in the following ways:

• Loan delinquencies may increase;

• Problem assets and foreclosures may increase;

• Demand for our products and services may decline;

• The carrying value of our OREO may decline further; and

• Collateral for loans made by us, especially real estate, may decline in value, in turn reducing a customer’s borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with our loans.

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Changes in interest rates could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.

Our net income depends primarily upon our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on loans, investments and other interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred on deposits and borrowed funds. The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the average balance of our interest-earning assets, the average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities, and the spread between the yield on such assets and the cost of such liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by such external factors as the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors (the “FOMC”), and market interest rates.

Different types of assets and liabilities may react differently, and at different times, to changes in market interest rates. We expect that we will periodically experience gaps in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities. That means either our interest-bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest-earning assets, or vice versa. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or re-price more quickly than interest-earning assets, an increase in market rates of interest could reduce our net interest income. Likewise, when interest-earning assets mature or re-price more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could reduce our net interest income. We are unable to predict changes in market interest rates, which are affected by many factors beyond our control, including inflation, deflation, recession, unemployment, money supply, domestic and international events and changes in the United States and other financial markets.

We also attempt to manage risk from changes in market interest rates, in part, by controlling the mix of interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities. However, interest rate risk management techniques are not exact. A rapid increase or decrease in interest rates could adversely affect our results of operations and financial performance.

Our high concentration of commercial real estate loans exposes us to increased lending risk.

As of September 30, 2021, the primary composition of our total loan portfolio was as follows:

• commercial real estate loans of $427.0 million, or 46.7 percent of total loans;

• residential real estate loans of $198.7 million, or 21.7 percent of total loans;

• commercial and industrial loans of $115.2 million, or 12.6 percent of total loans;

• construction and development loans of $63.7 million, or 7.0 percent of total loans; and

• consumer loans of $21.7 million, or 2.4 percent of total loans.

Commercial real estate loans expose us to a greater risk of loss than do residential mortgage loans. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to residential loans. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one commercial loan or one credit relationship exposes us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to one residential mortgage loan. Any significant failure to pay on time by our customers or a significant default by our customers would materially and adversely affect us.

We can give you no assurance that the economy and the real estate market in particular will grow or that the rate of growth will accelerate to historic levels. Many factors could significantly reduce or halt growth in our local economy and real estate market. Accordingly, it may become more difficult for commercial real estate borrowers to repay their loans in a timely manner than in the current economic climate, as commercial real estate borrowers’ ability to repay their loans frequently depends on the successful development and/or operation of their properties. The deterioration of one or more of our commercial real estate loans could cause a material increase in our level of nonperforming loans, which would result in a loss of revenue from these loans and could result in an increase in the provision for loan and lease losses and/or an increase in charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our net income. We also may incur losses on commercial real estate loans due to declines in occupancy rates and rental rates, which may decrease property values and may reduce the likelihood that a borrower may find permanent financing alternatives. Weaknesses in the commercial real estate market in general could negatively impact our collateral. Any weakening of the commercial real estate market may increase the likelihood of default of these loans, which could negatively impact our loan portfolio’s performance and asset quality. If we are required to liquidate the collateral securing a loan to satisfy the debt during a period of reduced real estate values, we could incur material losses. Any

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of these events could increase our costs, require management time and attention, and materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The concentration of our commercial real estate loan portfolio subjects us to heightened regulatory scrutiny.

The FDIC, the FRB and the OCC have promulgated joint guidance on sound risk management practices for financial institutions with concentrations in commercial real estate lending. Under the joint guidance, a financial institution that, like us, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment to identify concentrations. A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other factors: (i) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100 percent or more of total risk-based capital or (ii) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land and loans secured by multifamily and non-owner occupied non-farm residential properties (excluding loans secured by owner-occupied properties) represent 300 percent or more of total risk-based capital and the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50 percent or more during the prior 36 month period. In such event, management should employ heightened risk management practices, including board and management oversight and strategic planning, development of underwriting standards, risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing.

Our total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represented 35.7 percent of risk-based capital at September 30, 2021 as compared to 38.4 percent of capital at September 30, 2020. This ratio is below the regulatory commercial real estate concentration guideline level of 100 percent for land and construction loans. Our total reported commercial real estate loans to total risk-based capital was 298.88 percent at September 30, 2021, as compared to 338.2 percent of capital at September 30, 2020. This ratio is above the regulatory commercial real estate concentration guideline level of 300 percent for all investor real estate loans. Our commercial real estate portfolio has decreased by 13.5 percent over the preceding 36 months.

Strong competition within our market area could hurt our profits and slow our growth.

The banking and financial services industry in our market area is highly competitive. We may not be able to compete effectively in our markets, which could adversely affect our results of operations. The increasingly competitive environment is a result of changes in regulation, advances in technology and product delivery systems, and consolidation among financial service providers. Larger institutions have greater resources and access to capital markets, with higher lending limits, more advanced technology and broader suites of services. Competition at times requires increases in deposit rates and decreases in loan rates, and adversely impact our net interest margin.

Operational, Compliance and Legal Risks

The fair value of our loans held-for-sale and investment securities can fluctuate due to market conditions outside of our control.

As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of loans held-for-sale was approximately $33.2 million, which primarily consisted of two commercial real estate loans in the New York metropolitan area with a fair value of $21.1 million, one commercial real estate loan in Pennsylvania with a fair value of $7.1 million, and one commercial real estate loan in Minnesota with a fair value of $4.3 million. Three of these loans totaling $18.9 million were sold subsequent to September 30, 2021 with no further write down leaving one commercial real estate loan in the New York metropolitan area with a fair value of $13.6 million. The fair value of our investment available-for-sale securities portfolio was approximately $40.8 million.

With respect to our loans held-for-sale, various assumptions are used in connection with calculating the fair value of such loans and the ultimate exit price for such loans might differ materially from the fair value estimates.  Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of loans held-for-sale in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes. These factors include, but are not limited to, general market conditions, changes in market interest rates, as well as all of the various other risks and assumptions noted throughout this Report with respect to market and other changes that can impact our loan portfolio in general. Additionally, and as mentioned elsewhere in this Report, loans made to our borrowers in the New York metropolitan area have been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and otherwise, and commercial real estate properties in the New York metropolitan area have suffered declines in occupancy rates and rental rates, as well as general decreases in property values. Any further weakening of the commercial real estate market in this market may impact the one loan in the New York metropolitan area with a fair value of $13.6 million. Any of these factors (including the ultimate sale price of any loans held-for-sale), among others, could cause realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on us and our financial condition.

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With respect to our investment securities portfolio, we have historically adopted a conservative investment strategy, with concentrations of securities that are backed by government sponsored enterprises. Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions in respect of the securities, defaults by the issuer or with respect to the underlying securities, and changes in market interest rates and continued instability in the capital markets. Any of these factors, among others, could cause other-than-temporary impairments and realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income, which could have a material adverse effect on us. The process for determining whether impairment of a security is other-than-temporary usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security.

Our growth-oriented business strategy could be adversely affected if we are not able to attract and retain skilled employees or if we lose the services of our senior management team.

Our ability to manage growth will depend upon our ability to continue to attract, hire and retain skilled employees. The unanticipated loss of members of our senior management team, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to execute our strategic goals. Our success will also depend on the ability of our officers and key employees to continue to implement and improve our operational and other systems, to manage multiple, concurrent customer relationships and to hire, train and manage our employees. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with general economic conditions, has made it more difficult to retain existing employees and to attract new employees.

A new accounting standard will likely require us to increase our allowance for loan losses and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has adopted a new accounting standard, the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), that will be effective for the Company and the Bank for fiscal years beginning on October 1, 2023.  The CECL standard will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans and recognize the expected credit losses as allowances for loan losses.  This will change the current method of providing allowances for loan losses that are probable, which would likely require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and to greatly increase the types of data we would need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses.  Any increase in our allowance for loan losses or expenses incurred to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Uncertainty relating to the LIBOR determination process and LIBOR discontinuance may adversely affect our results of operations.

LIBOR is the reference rate used for many of our transactions, including our lending and borrowing and our purchase and sale of securities that we use to manage risk related to such transactions. However, a reduced volume of interbank unsecured term borrowing coupled with recent legal and regulatory proceedings related to rate manipulation by certain financial institutions has led to international reconsideration of LIBOR as a financial benchmark. The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates the process for establishing LIBOR, announced in July 2017 that the sustainability of LIBOR cannot be guaranteed. The administrator for LIBOR announced on March 5, 2021 that it will permanently cease to publish most LIBOR settings beginning on January 1, 2022 and cease to publish the overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month USD LIBOR settings on July 1, 2023. Accordingly, the FCA has stated that is does not intend to persuade or compel banks to submit to LIBOR after such respective dates. Until such time, however, FCA panel banks have agreed to continue to support LIBOR.

In October 2021, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued a Joint Statement on Managing the LIBOR Transition.  In that guidance, the agencies offered their regulatory expectations and outlined potential supervisory and enforcement consequences for banks that fail to adequately plan for and implement the transition away from LIBOR.  The failure to properly transition away from LIBOR may result in increased supervisory scrutiny.

We have not yet determined which alternative rate is most applicable, and there can be no assurances on which benchmark rate(s) may replace LIBOR or how LIBOR will be determined for purposes of financial instruments that are currently referencing LIBOR when it ceases to exist. The discontinuance of LIBOR may result in uncertainty or differences in the calculation of the applicable interest rate or payment amount depending on the terms of the governing instruments and may also increase operational and other risks to the Company and the industry.

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The market transition away from LIBOR to an alternative reference rate is complex and could have a range of adverse effects on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. In particular, any such transition could:

• adversely affect the interest rates paid or received on, and the revenue and expenses associated with, the Company’s floating rate obligations, loans, deposits and other financial instruments tied to LIBOR rates, or other securities or financial arrangements given LIBOR’s role in determining market interest rates globally;

• adversely affect the value of the Company’s floating rate obligations, loans, deposits and other financial instruments tied to LIBOR rates, or other securities or financial arrangements given LIBOR’s role in determining market interest rates globally;

• prompt inquiries or other actions from regulators in respect of the Company’s preparation and readiness for the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate;

• result in disputes, litigation or other actions with counterparties regarding the interpretation and enforceability of certain fallback language in LIBOR-based securities; and

• require the transition to or development of appropriate systems and analytics to effectively transition our risk management processes from LIBOR-based products to those based on the applicable alternative pricing benchmark.

In addition, the implementation of LIBOR reform proposals may result in increased compliance costs and operational costs, including costs related to continued participation in LIBOR and the transition to a replacement reference rate or rates. We cannot reasonably estimate the expected cost.

We are dependent on our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party servicers, and cyber-attacks, systems failures, interruptions or breaches of security could have a material adverse effect on us.

Information technology systems are critical to our business. We use various technology systems to manage our customer relationships, general ledger, securities, deposits, and loans. We have established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of system failures, interruptions, and security breaches (including privacy breaches), but such events may still occur and may not be adequately addressed if they do occur. In addition any compromise of our systems could deter customers from using our products and services. Although we rely on security systems to provide security and authentication necessary to effect the secure transmission of data, these precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of security.

We also outsource a majority of our data processing to certain third-party providers. If these third-party providers encounter difficulties, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely affected. Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.

The occurrence of any system failures, interruption, or breach of security could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business thereby subjecting us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to litigation and possible financial liability. Furthermore, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks.  Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Recent legislative changes may increase our tax expense.

In 2019 New Jersey adopted legislation that will increase our state income tax liability and could increase our overall tax expense. The legislation imposed a temporary surtax on corporations earning New Jersey allocated income in excess of $1 million of 2.5 percent for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019, and of 1.5 percent for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. However, in 2020, this surtax was extended through December 31, 2023, at the 2.5 percent level. The legislation also required combined filing for members of an affiliated group for years beginning on or after January 1, 2019, changing New Jersey’s current status as a separate return state, and limits, to varying degrees related to the Company’s size, operating area and organizational structure, the deductibility of dividends received. These changes are not temporary. Although

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regulations implementing the legislative changes have not yet been issued, it is possible that the Company will lose the benefit of at least certain of its tax management strategies and, if so, our total tax expense will increase.  

The change in administration could also lead to changes in federal tax laws as well as changes in regulatory requirements and oversight. We are subject to changes in tax law that could increase our effective tax rates. These law changes may be retroactive to previous periods and as a result could negatively affect our current and future financial performance. An increase in our corporate tax rate could have an unfavorable impact on our earnings and capital generation abilities. Similarly, our clients could experience varying effects from changes in tax laws and such effects, whether positive or negative, may have a corresponding impact on our business and the economy as a whole. In addition, changes to regulatory requirements and oversight could increase our costs of regulatory compliance and may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the markets for and value of our loans and investments, and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and we may be adversely affected by changes in laws and regulations.

We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB, our primary federal regulator, the OCC, the Bank’s primary federal regulator, and by the FDIC, as insurer of the Bank’s deposits. Such regulation and supervision govern the activities in which an institution and its holding company may engage and are intended primarily for the protection of the insurance fund and the depositors and borrowers of the Bank. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on our operations, the classification of our assets and determination of the level of our allowance for loan losses. We are also subject to regulation by the SEC, as a publicly-traded reporting company, and by Nasdaq, the stock exchange where our common stock is listed. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our operations. Additionally, being subject to increased regulations and oversight increases the professional fees we incur in connection with legal, accounting and audit expense, which could in turn impact our financial condition.

Increasing scrutiny and evolving expectations from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders with respect to our environmental, social and governance practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to new or additional risks.  

     Companies are facing increasing scrutiny from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders related to their environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices and disclosure.  Investor advocacy groups, investment funds and influential investors are also increasingly focused on these practices, especially as they relate to the environment, health and safety, diversity, labor conditions and human rights.  Increased ESG related compliance costs could result in increases to our overall operational costs.  Failure to adapt to or comply with regulatory requirements or investor or stakeholder expectations and standards could negatively impact our reputation, ability to do business with certain partners, and our stock price.  New government regulations could also result in new or more stringent forms of ESG oversight and expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence, and disclosure.

General Risk Factors

Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for significant losses.

Our risk management framework is designed to effectively manage and mitigate risk while minimizing exposure to potential losses. We seek to identify, measure, monitor, report and control our exposure to risk, including strategic, market, liquidity, compliance and operational risks. While we use a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and mitigation techniques, these techniques are inherently limited because they cannot anticipate the existence or future development of currently unanticipated or unknown risks. Recent economic conditions and heightened legislative and regulatory scrutiny of the financial services industry, among other developments, have increased our level of risk. Accordingly, we could suffer losses as a result of our failure to properly anticipate and manage these risks.

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We could be adversely affected by failure in our internal controls.

A failure in our internal controls could have a significant negative impact not only on our earnings, but also on the perception that customers, regulators and investors may have of us. We continue to devote a significant amount of effort, time and resources to continually strengthening our controls and ensuring compliance with complex accounting standards and banking regulations. Compliance with increased or new standards and regulations applicable to our Company may entail management spending increased time addressing such standards and regulations. Further, the Company may be required to expend additional capital resources on professional advisors, which could increase operational expenses and therefore negatively impact our net income.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None

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Item 2. Properties.  

At September 30, 2021, the Bank owns and maintains the premises in which the Bank’s headquarters and five full-service financial centers are located in Paoli, Malvern, Coventry, Berwyn and Lionville, Pennsylvania. The Bank also leases the following:  one financial center located in Glen Mills, Pennsylvania; one private banking office located in Villanova, Pennsylvania; one credit administrative office located in Quakertown, Pennsylvania; one private banking office located in Morristown, New Jersey; one private banking office located in Palm Beach, Florida; one representative office located in Wellington, Florida; and one representative office located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The specific location of each of the offices are as follows:

Paoli Headquarters	42 East Lancaster Avenue, Paoli, PA 19301
Paoli Financial Center	34 East Lancaster Avenue, Paoli, PA 19301
Malvern Financial Center	100 West King Street, Malvern, PA 19355
Coventry Financial Center	1000 Ridge Road, Pottstown, PA 19465
Berwyn Financial Center	650 Lancaster Avenue, Berwyn, PA 19312
Lionville Financial Center	537 West Uwchlan Avenue, Downingtown, PA 19335
Glen Mills Financial Center	940 Baltimore Pike, Glen Mills, PA 19342
Villanova Private Banking Office	801 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085
Quakertown Credit Administrative Office	2100 Quakertown Point Drive, Quakertown PA 18951
Morristown Private Banking Office Palm Beach Private Banking Office Wellington Representative Office Allentown Representative Office	163 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor, Morristown, NJ 07960 205 Worth Avenue, Suite 308, Palm Beach, FL 33480 12773 W Forest Hill Blvd., Ste. 120, Wellington, FL 33414 1275 Glenlivet Drive, Ste. 100, Allentown, PA 18106

Management believes the current facilities are suitable for their present and intended purposes, and the Company is evaluating our real estate strategy as it relates to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and changing needs of a remote workforce.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable.

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PART II.

Item 5.  Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

The common stock of the Company is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market exchange under the ticker symbol “MLVF”. As of December 20, 2021, the Company had approximately 377 stockholders of record, not including the number of persons or entities whose stock is held in nominee or “street” name through various brokerage firms and banks.

For the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no cash dividends per share of common stock were declared by the Company.  It is our policy to retain earnings, if any, to provide funds for use in our business.  Although we have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock, our Board of Directors periodically reviews whether to declare or pay cash dividends taking into account, among other things, general business conditions, our financial results, future prospects, capital requirements, legal and regulatory restrictions, and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant.

Our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is dependent on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends that the Bank can pay without regulatory approval. For information on the statutory and regulatory limitations on the ability of the Company to pay dividends to its stockholders and on the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, see “Item 1. Business-Supervision and Regulation—Dividend Limitations.”

Information on Unregistered Sales and Stock Repurchases

There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s stock during the fourth quarter of 2021.

On March 14, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan, under which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to 194,516 shares, or approximately 2.5 percent of the Company’s current outstanding common stock. On February 28, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the timeframe for its current stock repurchase program from March 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020. This plan expired during fiscal year end September 30, 2021 and was not further extended. There were no repurchases of shares of the Company’s securities during the fourth quarter of 2021.

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.  

This Item has been omitted as it is no longer required.

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Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.  

The purpose of this analysis is to provide the reader with information relevant to understanding and assessing the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. To fully appreciate this analysis, the reader is encouraged to review the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto appearing under Item 8 of this report, and statistical data presented in this document.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

See the first page of this Report for information regarding forward-looking statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U. S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. In particular, the Company has identified the determination of the ALLL, OREO, fair value measurements, the evaluation of deferred tax assets, the other-than-temporary impairment evaluation of securities, and the valuation of our derivative positions to be critical because management must make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available. Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements contains a summary of our significant accounting policies. Management believes our policy with respect to the methodology for the determination of the allowance for loan losses involves more complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. Changes in these judgments, assumptions or estimates could materially impact results of operations. This critical policy and its application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and our Board of Directors.

The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include the valuation of loans, goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, along with assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using loss experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Decreased real estate values, volatile credit markets, inflation, and persistent high unemployment have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. There can be no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy.  In response to the crisis, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020.  The CARES Act provided an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief.  Under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and based upon regulatory guidance promulgated by federal banking regulators, qualifying short-term loan modifications resulting in payment deferrals that are attributable to the adverse impact of COVID-19 are not considered to be troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”).  Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

• Accounting for Loan Modifications – The CARES Act provides that a financial institution may elect to suspend (1) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR and (2) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes.  The suspension is applicable for the term of the loan modification that occurs during the applicable period for a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The suspension is not applicable to any adverse impact on the credit of a borrower that is not related to the pandemic.

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• Paycheck Protection Program – The CARES Act established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), an expansion of the Small Business Administration’s 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program (“EIDL”), administrated directly by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).

Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020).  Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

• Accounting for Loan Modifications – Loan modifications that do not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not need to be accounted for as a TDR.  The agencies confirmed with FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current on payments prior to any relief granted to them are not TDRs.  This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payments.  Loan modifications were made in accordance with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions working with customers affected by COVID-19 and therefore were not classified as TDRs.

• Past Due Reporting – With regard to loans not otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due because of the deferral.  A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreements.  If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due during the period of the deferral.

• Nonaccrual Status and Charge-offs – During short-term COVID-19 modifications, these loans generally should not be reported as nonaccrual or as classified.

On December 27, 2020, the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law. The $900 billion relief package includes legislation that extends certain relief provisions of the CARES Act that were set to expire on December 31, 2020. This new legislation extends this relief to the earlier of 60 days after the national emergency declared by the President is terminated or January 1, 2022.

Paycheck Protection Program

The CARES Act established the PPP, an expansion of the EIDL, administrated directly by the SBA.

The Company started accepting and processing applications for loans under the PPP in early April 2020, when the program was officially launched by the SBA and Treasury Department under the CARES Act. The Company sold the entirety of its PPP loan portfolio in December 2020.

Liquidity Sources

Management has reviewed all primary and secondary sources of liquidity in preparation for any unforeseen funding needs due to the COVID-19 pandemic and prioritized based on available capacity, term flexibility, and cost. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had adequate sources of liquidity.

Capital Strength

The Company’s capital ratios continue to exceed the highest required regulatory benchmark levels. As of September 30, 2021, common equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 14.53 percent, Tier 1 leverage ratio was 11.84 percent, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 14.53 percent and the total risk-based capital ratio was 18.33 percent.  

Deferral and Modification Requests

The CARES Act provided guidance around the modification of loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which outlined, among other criteria, that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as defined under the CARES Act prior to any relief, are not TDRs. This includes short-term modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers are considered current under the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance if they are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented.  As of

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September 30, 2021, the Company had eight COVID-19  pandemic related loan modification agreements totaling $61.2 million representing 6.7 percent of gross loans outstanding. Further details regarding these modifications are provided in the table below.  At September 30, 2020, the Company had 43 COVID-19-related modified loan deferrals totaling $144.8 million or 13.9% of total loans. Of the remaining $61.2 million deferrals, approximately $37.3 million or 54.7% of the deferrals are paying the contractual interest payments.  For loans subject to the program, each borrower is required to resume making regularly scheduled loan payments at the end of the modification period and the deferred amounts will be moved to the end of the loan term. Management anticipates this activity will continue beyond fiscal year 2021.

	September 30, 2021
	Number of Loans		Loan Modified Exposure		Gross Loans September 30, 2021		Percentage of Gross Loans Modified
			(Dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage		2	$	667	$	198,710		0.07	%
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		-		-		61,492		0.00	%
Land loans		-		-		2,204		0.00	%
Total Construction and Development		-		-		63,696		0.00	%
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		6		60,567		426,915		6.63	%
Farmland		-		-		10,297		0.00	%
Multi-family		-		-		66,332		0.00	%
Commercial and industrial		-		-		115,246		0.00	%
Other		-		-		10,954		0.00	%
Total Commercial		6		60,567		629,744		6.63	%
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		13,491		0.00	%
Second mortgages		-				5,884		0.00	%
Other		-		-		2,299		0.00	%
Total Consumer		-		-		21,674		0.00	%
Total loans		8	$	61,234	$	913,824		6.70	%

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	September 30, 2020
	Number of Loans		Loan Deferment Exposure		Gross Loans September 30, 2020		Percentage of Gross Loans Modified
			(Dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage		5	$	1,288	$	242,090		0.12	%
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		-		-		65,703		0.00	%
Land loans		-		-		3,110		0.00	%
Total Construction and Development		-		-		68,813		0.00	%
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		21		131,348		495,398		12.65	%
Farmland		1		2,288		7,517		0.22	%
Multi-family		2		3,718		67,767		0.36	%
Commercial and industrial		10		5,547		116,584		0.53	%
Other		-		-		10,142		0.00	%
Total Commercial		34		142,901		697,408		13.75	%
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		3		579		17,128		0.06	%
Second mortgages		1		17		10,711		0.00	%
Other		-		-		2,851		0.00	%
Total Consumer		4		596		30,690		0.06	%
Total loans		43	$	144,785	$	1,039,001		13.94	%

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses is considered a critical accounting estimate because it requires significant judgment and the use of estimates related to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans based on historical loss experience, and consideration of current economic trends and conditions, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. The loan portfolio also represents the largest asset type on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses includes, among other factors, an analysis of historical loss rates by loan category applied to current loan totals and qualitative factors. However, actual loan losses may be higher or lower than historical trends, which vary. Actual losses on specified problem loans, which also are provided for in the evaluation, may vary from estimated loss percentages, which are established based upon a limited number of potential loss classifications. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Management believes that the current allowance for loan losses will be adequate to absorb loan losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible based on the evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The evaluation takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and size of the portfolio, overall portfolio quality, and specific problem loans and current economic conditions which may affect our borrowers’ ability to pay.

The evaluation also details historical losses by loan category and the resulting loan loss rates which are projected for current loan total amounts. Loss estimates for specified problem loans are also detailed. In addition, the OCC, as an integral part of its examination process, periodically reviews our allowance for loan losses. The OCC may require us to make additional provisions for loan losses based upon information available at the time of the examination. All of the factors considered in the analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses may be subject to change. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management estimates, additional provisions for loan losses may be required that could materially adversely impact earnings in future periods.

Qualitative or environmental factors that may result in further adjustments to the quantitative analyses include items such as changes in lending policies and procedures, economic and business conditions, nature and volume of

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the portfolio, changes in delinquency, concentration of credit trends, and value of underlying collateral. The total net adjustments due to all qualitative factors increased the allowance for loan losses by approximately $8.2 million to $11.5 million and $8.6 million to $12.4 million at September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through foreclosure consist of OREO and financial assets acquired from debtors. OREO is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. The fair value of OREO is determined using current market appraisals obtained from approved independent appraisers, agreements of sale, and comparable market analysis from real estate brokers, where applicable. Changes in the fair value of assets acquired through foreclosure at future reporting dates or at the time of disposition will result in an adjustment in assets acquired through foreclosure expense or net gain (loss) on sale of assets acquired through foreclosure, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets to determine fair value disclosures. Investment and mortgage-backed securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, real estate owned and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Under the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, the Company groups its assets at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

• Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

• Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

• Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

Under FASB ASC Topic 820, the Company bases its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is our policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820.

Fair value measurements for assets where there exists limited or no observable market data and, therefore, are based primarily upon the Company’s or other third-party’s estimates, are often calculated based on the characteristics of the asset, the economic and competitive environment and other such factors. Therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset. Additionally, there may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, that could significantly affect the results of current or future valuations. At September 30, 2021, the Company had $19.9 million of assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using Level 3 measurements.

Income Taxes  

We make estimates and judgments to calculate some of our tax liabilities and determine the recoverability of some of our DTAs, which arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenues and expenses. We also estimate a reserve for DTAs if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the recorded DTAs will not be realized in future periods. These estimates and judgments are

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inherently subjective.  Historically, our estimates and judgments to calculate our deferred tax accounts have not required significant revision to our initial estimates.

In evaluating our ability to recover DTAs, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results and our forecast of future taxable income. In determining future taxable income, we make assumptions for taxable income, the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require us to make judgments about our future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we use to manage our business. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income may require us to record a valuation allowance against our DTAs. An increase in the valuation allowance would result in additional income tax expense in the period and could have a significant impact on our future earnings.

Realization of a DTA requires us to exercise significant judgment and is inherently uncertain because it requires the prediction of future occurrences. Our net DTA amounted to $3.5 million and $3.7 million at September 30, 2021 and at September 30, 2020, respectively. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company evaluates on a quarterly basis, all evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance for DTAs is needed. In conducting this evaluation, management explores all possible sources of taxable income available under existing tax laws to realize the net DTA beginning with the most objectively verifiable evidence first, including available carry back claims and viable tax planning strategies. If needed, management will look to future taxable income as a potential source. Management reviews the Company’s current financial position and its results of operations for the current and preceding years. That historical information is supplemented by all currently available information about future years. The Company understands that projections about future performance are subjective. The Company did not have a DTA valuation allowance as of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Securities

Securities are evaluated on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether declines in their value are other-than-temporary. To determine whether a loss in value is other-than-temporary, management utilizes criteria such as the reasons underlying the decline, the magnitude and duration of the decline and whether management intends to sell or expects that it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to an anticipated recovery of the fair value. The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value for a debt security is determined to be other-than-temporary, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security (the credit loss) and (b) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Derivatives

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the payment of future uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions.  The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments.  The Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.    

Interest rate swaps are valued by a third party, using models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as yield curves, and are validated by comparison with valuations provided by the respective counterparties. The credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements is measured on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. The significant assumptions used in the models, which include assumptions for interest rates, are independently verified against observable market data where possible. Where observable market data is not available, the estimate of fair value becomes more subjective and involves a high degree of judgment. In this circumstance, fair value is estimated based on management’s judgment regarding the value that market participants would assign to the asset or liability. This valuation process takes into consideration factors such as market illiquidity. Imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount recorded on the balance sheet for an asset or liability with related impacts to earnings or other comprehensive income.

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Other assets decreased from $16.3 million at September 30, 2020, to $12.1 million at September 30, 2021. Other liabilities also decreased from $12.6 million at September 30, 2020, to $10.5 million at September 30, 2021, primarily due to the change in fair value of derivatives related to the Bank’s commercial loan hedging program during fiscal year 2021.

Results of Operations

Net loss for the year ended September 30, 2021, was $(92,000) as compared to $644,000 earned in fiscal year 2020. For fiscal year 2021, the fully diluted loss per common share was $(0.01) as compared with earnings per common share of $0.08 per share in fiscal year 2020.  

The decreases in net income and diluted earnings per share were primarily due to the previously disclosed write down and transfer of four commercial real estate loans to held for sale at September 30, 2021, at a fair value of $32.5 million, and the resultant provision for loan loss expense recorded of $11.2 million.

For the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company’s return on average equity (‘‘ROAE’’) was (0.06) percent and its return on average assets (‘‘ROAA’’) was (0.01) percent. The comparable ratios for the year ended September 30, 2020 were ROAE of 0.45 percent and ROAA of 0.05 percent.

Net Interest Income and Margin

Net interest income is the difference between the interest earned on the portfolio of earning assets (principally loans and investments) and the interest paid for deposits and borrowings, which support these assets.

The following table presents the components of net interest income for the periods indicated.

Net Interest Income

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021								2020
(In thousands)	Amount		Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year			Percent Change			Amount		Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year			Percent Change
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	36,370	$	(5,071)			(12.24)		$	41,441	$	(2,313	)		(5.29	)
Investment securities		1,556		384			32.76			1,172		(17	)		(1.43	)
Dividends, restricted    stock		459		(172	)		(27.26	)		631		4			0.64
Interest-bearing cash    accounts		31		(1,032	)		(97.08	)		1,063		(1,202	)		(53.07	)
Total interest income		38,416		(5,891	)		(13.30	)		44,307		(3,528	)		(7.38	)
Interest expense:
Deposits		6,748		(6,098	)		(47.47	)		12,846		(1,502	)		(10.47	)
Short-term borrowings		48		48			100.00			—		(7	)		(100.00	)
Long-term borrowings		2,029		(869)			(29.99)			2,898		25			0.87
Subordinated debt		1,531		—			—			1,531		(1	)		(0.07	)
Total interest expense		10,356		(6,919	)		(40.05	)		17,275		(1,485	)		(7.92	)
Net interest income	$	28,060	$	1,028			3.80		$	27,032	$	(2,043	)		(7.03	)

Net interest income is directly affected by changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which support those assets, as well as changes in the rates earned and paid.

Net interest income for the year ended September 30, 2021, increased $1.0 million, or 3.80 percent, to $28.1 million, from $27.0 million for fiscal year 2020. The Company’s net interest margin increased 32 basis points to 2.62 percent in fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, from 2.30 percent for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020.  During fiscal year 2021, our net interest margin was impacted by a decrease in the costs of money market and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts.

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As previously mentioned, the increase in net interest income during fiscal year 2021 was attributable in part to decrease in costs on money market and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts. The Company experienced an increase of $3.4 million in noninterest-bearing deposits during fiscal year 2021 and an increase of $43.8 million in interest-bearing demand, savings, money market and time deposits during fiscal year 2021.  During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, the Company’s net interest spread increased by 46 basis points reflecting a decrease in both the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities of 20 basis points and 66 basis points, respectively.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, average interest-earning assets decreased by $101.4 million to $1.1 billion, as compared with the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. The change in average interest-earning asset volume was primarily due to decreased deposits in other banks combined with decreased loan volume. Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased by $24.1 million in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, due primarily to a decrease in average borrowings.  

The factors underlying the year-to-year changes in net interest income are reflected in the tables presented above. The table on page 39 (Average Statements of Condition with Interest and Average Rates) shows the Company’s consolidated average balance of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, the amount of income produced from interest-earning assets and the amount of expense incurred from interest-bearing liabilities, and net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

Total Interest Income

Interest income for the year ended September 30, 2021, decreased by approximately $5.9 million, or 13.3 percent, as compared with the year ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was due primarily to a decrease in the rate earned on loans combined with decreased loan volume.    

The average balance of the Company’s loan portfolio decreased $42.1 million in fiscal year 2021 to $984.1 million from $1.026 billion in fiscal year 2020, primarily driven by a decrease in loan volume.

The average loan portfolio represented approximately 91.8 percent of the Company’s interest-earning assets (on average) during fiscal year 2021 and 87.5 percent for fiscal year 2020.  Average investment securities increased during fiscal year 2021 by $14.4 million compared to fiscal year 2020. Interest-bearing cash decreased in fiscal year 2021 by $72.2 million compared to fiscal year 2020. The average yield on interest-earning assets decreased from 3.78 percent in fiscal year 2020 to 3.58 percent in fiscal year 2021.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year ended September 30, 2021 was principally impacted by rate related factors. The changes resulted in decreased expense of $6.9 million primarily due to a decrease in rates paid on money market and certificate of deposit accounts from fiscal year 2020 to fiscal year 2021.  

The cost of total average interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 1.03 percent for the year ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of 66 basis points, from 1.69 percent for the year ended September 30, 2020.

The Company’s net interest spread, (i.e., the average yield on average interest-earning assets minus the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities) increased 46 basis points to 2.55 percent in fiscal year 2021 from 2.09 percent for fiscal year 2020. The increase in fiscal year 2021 reflected a decreased cost in interest-bearing liabilities.

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table quantifies the impact on net interest income and margin resulting from volume changes in average balances of interest earning assets, interest bearing liabilities, and average related yields and associated funding costs over the past two years. Any change in interest income or expense attributable to both changes in volume and changes in rate has been allocated in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of change in each category.

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Analysis of Variance in Net Interest Income Due to Volume and Rates

	Fiscal Year 2021/2020 Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in:
(In thousands)	Average Volume			Average Rate			Net Change
Interest-earning assets:
Loans, including fees	$	(1,701)		$	(3,370	)	$	(5,071	)
Investment securities		391			(7	)		384
Interest-bearing cash accounts		(816	)		(216	)		(1,032	)
Dividends, restricted stock		(100	)		(72	)		(172	)
Total interest-earning assets		(2,226)			(3,665	)		(5,891	)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market deposits		904			(3,188	)		(2,284	)
Savings deposits		7			2			9
Certificates of deposit		(1,846	)		(1,134	)		(2,980	)
Other interest-bearing deposits		227			(1,070	)		(843	)
Total interest-bearing deposits		(708	)		(5,390	)		(6,098	)
Borrowings		(707)			(114	)		(821)
Total interest-bearing liabilities		(1,415)			(5,504	)		(6,919	)
Change in net interest income	$	(811)		$	1,839		$	1,028

The following table, ‘‘Average Statements of Condition with Interest and Average Rates’’ presents for the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, the Company’s average assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity. The Company’s net interest income, net interest spreads and net interest income as a percentage of interest-earning assets (net interest margin) are also reflected.

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021								2020
	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned /Paid		Average Yield /Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned /Paid		Average Yield/ Rate
	(In thousands)
ASSETS
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable(1)	$	984,125		$	36,370		3.70	%	$	1,026,221		$	41,441		4.04	%
Investment securities		57,666			1,556		2.70			43,237			1,172		2.71
Deposits in other banks		21,626			31		0.14			93,807			1,063		1.13
FHLB stock		8,487			459		5.41			10,089			631		6.25
Total interest earning assets(1)		1,071,904			38,416		3.58			1,173,354			44,307		3.78
Non-interest earning assets
Cash and due from banks		94,986								15,365
Bank owned life insurance		25,713								20,260
Other assets		28,530								28,133
Other real estate owned		5,581								5,796
Allowance for loan losses		(12,454	)							(10,386	)
Total non-interest earning assets		142,356								59,168
Total assets	$	1,214,260							$	1,232,522
LIABILITIES AND    SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest bearing liabilities:
Money Market accounts	$	343,640		$	1,726		0.50	%	$	280,427		$	4,010		1.43	%
Savings accounts		48,558			59		0.12			42,983			50		0.12
Certificate accounts		159,109			2,282		1.43			244,980			5,262		2.15
Other interest-bearing deposits		313,460			2,681		0.86			294,523			3,524		1.20
Total deposits		864,767			6,748		0.78			862,913			12,846		1.49
Borrowed funds		136,197			3,608		2.65			162,109			4,429		2.73
Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,000,964			10,356		1.03			1,025,022			17,275		1.69
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits		50,619								44,833
Other liabilities		16,684								18,150
Total non-interest-bearing liabilities		67,303								62,983
Shareholders’ equity		145,993								144,517
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,214,260							$	1,232,522
Net interest spread							2.55	%							2.09	%
Net interest margin							2.62	%							2.30	%
Net Interest income				$	28,060							$	27,032

(1) Includes non-accrual loans during the respective periods.  Calculated net of unamortized deferred loan fees, loan discounts, undisbursed portions of loans-in-process, and allowance for loan losses.

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Other Income

The following table presents the principal categories of other (“non-interest”) income for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 2021.

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		Increase (Decrease)		% Change
	(In thousands)
Service charges and other fees	$	1,323	$	1,316	$	7		0.53	%
Rental income-other		217		217		—		—
Net gains on sale of investments		779		330		449		136.06
Net gains on sale of loans		788		116		672		579.31
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		656		509		147		28.88
Total other income	$	3,763	$	2,488	$	1,275		51.25	%

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, total other income increased $1.3 million compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. This increase was primarily a result of increases of $672,000 in net gain on sales of loans, $449,000 in net gain on sale of investments, and $147,000 in earnings on banked-owned life insurance.

The increase on the sale of investments resulted from managing and optimizing normal portfolio activity, while the gain on sale of loans was primarily the result of a strategic effort to originate and sell residential loans in the low interest rate environment throughout fiscal year 2021 and the gain on sale of PPP loans, previously announced in the first fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020.

Other Expense

The following table presents the principal categories of other expense for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 2021.

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		Increase (Decrease)			% Change
	(In thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	9,143	$	8,889	$	254			2.86	%
Occupancy expense		2,198		2,309		(111	)		(4.81	)
Federal deposit insurance premium		313		155		158			101.94
Advertising		109		119		(10	)		(8.40	)
Data processing		1,267		1,105		162			14.66
Professional fees		3,178		1,995		1,183			59.30
Other real estate owned expense, net		866		88		778			884.09
Pennsylvania shares tax		678		678		—			—
Other operating expense		3,199		2,964		235			7.93
Total other expense	$	20,951	$	18,302	$	2,649			14.47	%

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, total other expense increased $2.6 million, or 14.5 percent, compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. This increase primarily resulted from increases of $1.2 million in professional fees associated with legal, accounting, and audit expenses related to the Company’s periodic and annual filings including matters arising out of the Company’s prior restatements, $778,000 in net OREO expense due to the Company’s valuation adjustment for one commercial real estate property, $254,000 in salaries and employee benefits, $235,000 in other operating expenses, and $158,000 in federal deposit insurance premiums.

Financial Condition

Investment Portfolio

For the year ended September 30, 2021, the average volume of investment securities increased by $14.4 million to approximately $57.7 million or 5.4 percent of average interest-earning assets, from $43.2 million or 3.7 percent of average interest-earning assets, for the year ended September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2021, the total investment portfolio amounted to $70.8 million, an increase of $24.3 million from September 30, 2020. The increase in the investment portfolio was primarily due to purchases in the investment portfolio of $53.7 million, partially offset

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by maturities, calls and principal repayments in the amount of $12.8 million and sales in the amount of $17.3 million during fiscal year 2021. At September 30, 2021, the principal components of the investment portfolio were government agency obligations, federal agency obligations, including mortgage-backed securities, obligations of U.S. states and political subdivision, corporate bonds and notes, a trust preferred security and equity securities.

During the year ended September 30, 2021, volume related factors increased investment revenue by $391,000, while rate related factors decreased investment revenue by $7,000. The yield on investments decreased by one basis point to 2.70 percent from a yield of 2.71 percent during the year ended September 30, 2020.

As of September 30, 2021, the estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities disclosed below was primarily dependent upon the movement in market interest rates, particularly given the negligible inherent credit risk associated with these securities. These investment securities are comprised of securities that are rated investment grade by at least one bond credit rating service. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held five corporate securities and two U.S. government agency security, one municipal security, and one single issuer trust preferred security which were in an unrealized loss position. Although the fair value will fluctuate as the market interest rates move, management believes that these fair values will recover as the underlying portfolios mature and are reinvested in market rate yielding investments. The Company does not intend to sell and expects that it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities until such time as the value recovers or the securities mature. Management does not believe any individual unrealized loss as of September 30, 2021 represents other-than-temporary impairment.

Securities available-for-sale are a part of the Company’s interest rate risk management strategy and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, liquidity management and other factors. The Company continues to reposition the investment portfolio as part of an overall corporate-wide strategy to produce reasonable and consistent margins where feasible, while attempting to limit risks inherent in the Company’s balance sheet.

For fiscal year 2021, proceeds of available-for-sale investment securities sold amounted to approximately $17.3 million. There were gains of approximately $779,000 associated with these sales. For fiscal year 2020, proceeds of available-for-sale investment securities sold amounted to approximately $8.9 million and gross realized gains on investment securities sold amounted to approximately $330,000.

The varying amount of sales from the available-for-sale portfolio reflects the significant volatility present in the market. Given the historic low interest rates prevalent in the market, it is necessary for the Company to protect itself from interest rate exposure. Securities that once appeared to be sound long-term investments can, after changes in the market, become securities that the Company wishes to sell to avoid losses and mismatches of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities at a later time.

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The table below illustrates the maturity distribution and weighted average yield for investment securities at September 30, 2021, based on a contractual maturity.

	One year or less					More than One Year through Five Years					More than Five Years through Ten Years					More than Ten Years					Total
	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield
	(In thousands)
Available for Sale    Securities:
U.S. government agencies and obligations	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%	$	5,000		2.59	%	$	5,000	$	4,993		2.59	%
State and    municipal    obligations		—		—			945		2.00			—		—			1,822		2.55			2,767		2,765		2.36
Single issuer    trust preferred    security		—		—			—		—			1,000		0.75			—		—			1,000		875		0.75
Corporate debt    securities		—		—			3,500		1.25			26,989		3.35			1,500		3.75			31,989		32,180		3.14
Total	$	—		—	%	$	4,445		1.41	%	$	27,989		3.27	%	$	8,322		2.79	%	$	40,756	$	40,813		2.96	%
Held to Maturity    Securities:
U.S. government agencies and obligations	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%	$	5,000		2.01	%	$	5,000		2.70	%	$	10,000	$	10,011		2.35
State and    municipal    obligations	$	—		—	%	$	1,093		2.19	%	$	665		2.39	%	$	4,304		1.41	%	$	6,062	$	6,117		1.67	%
Corporate debt    securities		—		—			3,383		3.82			—		—			—		—			3,383		3,607		3.82
Mortgage-    backed    securities		—		—			—		—			311		1.93			8,752		1.89			9,062		9,178		1.89
Total	$	—		—	%	$	4,476		3.42	%	$	5,977		2.05	%	$	18,056		2.00	%	$	28,507	$	28,913		2.23	%
Equity    Securities:
Mutual fund		500		4.00	%		—		—	%		1,000		4.00	%		—		—	%		1,500		1,500		4.00	%
Total	$	500		4.00	%	$	—		—	%	$	1,000		4.00	%	$	—		—	%	$	1,500	$	1,500		4.00	%
Total Investment    Securities	$	500		4.00	%	$	8,921		2.15	%	$	33,966		4.50	%	$	26,378		1.76	%	$	70,763	$	71,226		2.98	%

For information regarding the carrying value of the investment portfolio, see Note 6 and Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s investment securities, as of September 30, for each of the last two years.

	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. government agencies and obligations	$	4,993	$	5,040
State and municipal obligations		2,765		3,105
Single issuer trust preferred security		875		925
Corporate debt securities		32,180		20,948
Total available-for-sale	$	40,813	$	30,018
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. government agencies	$	10,000	$	—
State and municipal obligations		6,062		1,794
Corporate debt securities		3,383		3,498
Mortgage-backed securities:
Collateralized mortgage obligations, fixed-rate		9,062		9,678
Total held-to-maturity	$	28,507	$	14,970
Equity Securities:
Mutual fund	$	1,500	$	1,523
Total equity securities	$	1,500	$	1,523
Total investment securities	$	70,820	$	46,511

For additional information regarding the Company’s investment portfolio, see Note 6 and Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loan Portfolio

Lending is one of the Company’s primary business activities. The Company’s loan portfolio consists of residential, construction and development, commercial and consumer loans, serving the diverse customer base in its market area. The composition of the Company’s portfolio continues to change due to the local economy. Factors such as the economic climate, interest rates, real estate values and employment all contribute to these changes in the composition of the Company’s portfolio. Growth is generated through business development efforts, repeat customer requests for new financings, penetration into existing markets and entry into new markets.

The Company seeks to create growth in commercial lending, which primarily includes commercial real estate, multi-family, farmland, and commercial and industrial lending, by offering customer-focused products and competitive pricing and by capitalizing on the positive trends in its market area. Products offered are designed to meet the financial requirements of the Company’s customers. It is the objective of the Company’s credit policies to diversify the commercial loan portfolio to limit concentrations in any single industry.

At September 30, 2021, total gross loans amounted to $913.8 million, a decrease of $125.2 million or 12.0 percent as compared to September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2021, total net loans amounted to $903.0 million, a decrease of $123.9 million or 12.1 percent as compared to September 30, 2020.   For the year ended September 30, 2021, the gross loan portfolio saw declines of $43.4 million in residential mortgage loans, $67.7 million in commercial loans, $9.08 million in consumer loans, and $5.1 million in construction and land loans.

The average balance of our total loans decreased $42.1 million, or 4.1 percent, for the year ended September 30, 2021, as compared to September 30, 2020, while the average yield on loans decreased 34 basis points to 3.70 percent for the year ended September 30, 2021, from 4.04 percent for the year ended September 30, 2020. During fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, the volume-related factors during the period contributed to a decrease of interest income on loans of $1.7 million, while the rate-related changes decreased interest income by $3.3 million.

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The following table presents information regarding the components of the Company’s loan portfolio (which does not include loans held for sale, except as noted below) on the dates indicated.

	September 30,
	2021			2020			2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	198,710		$	242,090		$	220,011		$	197,219		$	192,500
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		61,492			65,703			40,346			37,433			35,622
Land		2,204			3,110			3,420			9,221			18,377
Total construction and development		63,696			68,813			43,766			46,654			53,999
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		426,915			495,398			547,727			498,229			442,060
Farmland		10,297			7,517			7,563			12,066			1,723
Multi-family		66,332			67,767			62,884			45,102			39,768
Commercial and industrial		115,246			116,584			99,747			73,895			70,677
Other		10,954			10,142			4,450			6,164			4,160
Total commercial		629,744			697,408			722,371			635,456			558,388
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		13,491			17,128			19,506			14,884			16,509
Second mortgages		5,884			10,711			13,737			18,363			22,480
Other		2,299			2,851			2,030			2,315			2,570
Total consumer		21,674			30,690			35,273			35,562			41,559
Total loans		913,824			1,039,001			1,021,421			914,891			846,446
Deferred loan fees and costs, net		629			326			663			566			590
Allowance for loan losses		(11,472	)		(12,433	)		(10,095	)		(9,021	)		(8,405	)
Loans receivable, net	$	902,981		$	1,026,894		$	1,011,989		$	906,436		$	838,631

At September 30, 2021, our net loan portfolio totaled $903.0 million or 74.7 percent of total assets.  Our principal lending activity has been the origination of residential, commercial, and commercial real estate loans. Through our loan policy, we utilize strict underwriting guidelines to maintain low average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios and require maximum gross debt ratios and minimum debt coverage ratios.

Loans are subject to federal and state law and regulations.  Interest rates charged by us on loans are affected principally by the demand for such loans and the supply of money available for lending purposes and the rates offered by our competitors. These factors are, in turn, affected by general and economic conditions, the monetary policy of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve Bank, legislative tax policies and governmental budgetary matters.

The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into residential mortgage loans, construction and development loans, commercial loans and consumer loans. The residential mortgage loan segment has one class, one- to four-family first lien residential mortgage loans. The construction and development loan segment consists of the following classes: residential and commercial construction loans and land loans. Residential construction loans are made for the acquisition of and/or construction on a lot or lots on which a residential dwelling is to be built and occupied by the homeowner. Commercial construction loans are made for the purpose of acquiring, developing, and constructing a commercial use structure and for acquisition, development, and construction of residential properties by residential developers. The commercial loan segment consists of the following classes: commercial real estate loans, multi-family real estate loans, and other commercial loans, which are also generally known as commercial and industrial loans or commercial business loans. The consumer loan segment consists of the following classes: home equity lines of credit, second mortgage loans and other consumer loans, primarily unsecured consumer lines of credit.

Residential Lending. Residential mortgage originations are secured primarily by properties located in the Company’s market areas and surrounding areas. At September 30, 2021, $198.7 million, or 21.7 percent, of our total loans in our portfolio consisted of single-family residential mortgage loans

Our single-family residential mortgage loans generally are underwritten on terms and documentation conforming to guidelines issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”). Applications for one- to four-family residential mortgage loans are taken by our loan

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origination officers  and are accepted at any of our banking offices and are then referred to the lending department in order to process the loan, which consists primarily of obtaining all documents required by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae underwriting standards, and completing the underwriting, which includes making a determination whether the loan meets our underwriting standards such that the Bank can extend a loan commitment to the customer. We generally have retained for our portfolio a substantial portion of the single-family residential mortgage loans that we originate. We currently originate fixed-rate, fully amortizing mortgage loans with maturities of 10 to 30 years. We also offer adjustable rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans where the interest rate either adjusts on an annual basis or is fixed for the initial one, three, five or seven years and then adjusts annually. However, due to the low interest rate environment and demand for fixed rate products, we have not originated a significant amount of ARM loans in recent years. At September 30, 2021, $59.5 million, or 29.9 percent, of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans consisted of ARM loans.

In prior years, the Company purchased single-family residential mortgage loans and consumer loans from a network of mortgage brokers. The Company now has correspondent lending relationships, but the Bank independently underwrites these loans.

We underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95 percent, provided that the borrower obtains private mortgage insurance on loans that exceed 80 percent of the appraised value or sales price, whichever is less, of the secured property. We also require that title insurance, hazard insurance and, if appropriate, flood insurance be maintained on all properties securing real estate loans. We require that a licensed appraiser from our list of approved appraisers perform and submit to us an appraisal on all properties secured by a first mortgage on one- to four-family first mortgage loans. Our mortgage loans generally include due-on-sale clauses, which provide us with the contractual right to deem the loan immediately due and payable in the event the borrower transfers ownership of the property. Due-on-sale clauses are an important means of adjusting the yields of fixed-rate mortgage loans in portfolio and we generally exercise our rights under these clauses.

Construction and Development Loans. The amount of our outstanding construction and development loans in our portfolio increased to $63.7 million or 7.0 percent of gross loans at September 30, 2021 from $68.8 million or 6.6 percent of gross loans as of September 30, 2020. We generally limit construction loans to builders and developers with whom we have an established relationship, or who are otherwise known to officers of the Bank. Our construction loans also include single-family residential construction loans which may if approved convert to permanent, long-term mortgage loans upon completion of construction (“construction/perm” loans). During the initial or construction phase, these construction/perm loans require payment of interest only, which generally is tied to the prime rate, as the home is being constructed. On residential construction to perm loans the final interest rate is approved upon the earlier of the completion of construction or one year, these loans if approved by the appropriate approving authority, convert to long-term (generally 30 years), amortizing, fixed-rate single-family mortgage loans.

Our portfolio of construction loans generally have a maximum term as approved based upon the underwriting (for individual, owner-occupied dwellings), and loan-to-value ratios less than 80 percent. Residential construction loans to developers are made on either a pre-sold or speculative (unsold) basis. Limits are placed on the number of units that can be built on a speculative basis based upon the reputation and financial position of the builder, his/her present obligations, the location of the property and prior sales in the development and the surrounding area. Generally, a limit of two unsold homes (one model home and one speculative home) is placed per project.

Prior to committing to a construction loan, we require that an independent appraiser prepare an appraisal of the property. Each project also is reviewed and inspected at its inception and prior to every disbursement of loan proceeds. Disbursements are made after inspections based upon a percentage of project completion and monthly payment of interest is required on all construction loans.

Our construction loans also include loans for the acquisition and development of land for sale (i.e., roads, sewer and water lines). We typically make these loans only in conjunction with a commitment for a construction loan for the units to be built on the site. These loans are secured by a lien on the property and are limited to a loan-to-value ratio not exceeding 75 percent of the appraised value at the time of origination. The loans have a variable rate of interest and require monthly payments of interest. The principal of the loan is repaid as units are sold and released. We limit loans of this type to our market area and to developers with whom we have established relationships. In most cases, we also obtain personal guarantees from the borrowers.  

Our loan portfolio included two loans secured by unimproved real estate and lots (“land loan”), with an outstanding balance of $2.2 million, constituting 0.2 percent of total loans, at September 30, 2021.  

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In order to mitigate some of the risks inherent to construction lending, we inspect properties under construction, review construction progress prior to advancing funds, work with builders with whom we have established relationships, require annual updating of tax returns and other financial data of developers and obtain personal guarantees from the principals. At September 30, 2021, approximately $443,000, or 3.7 percent, of our allowance for loan losses was attributed to construction and development loans. We had no construction and development loans that were non-performing at September 30, 2021 and at September 30, 2020. We had no construction and development loans that were performing TDRs at September 30, 2021 and at September 30, 2020.

Commercial Lending. At September 30, 2021, our loans secured by commercial real estate amounted to $426.9 million and constituted 46.7 percent of our gross loans at such date. During the year ended September 30, 2021, the commercial real estate loan portfolio decreased by $68.5 million, or 13.82 percent.  During fiscal year 2021, we had $11.9 million in charge-offs of commercial real estate loans, as compared to $8.3 million of charge-offs of commercial real estate loans for fiscal year 2020.

Our commercial real estate loan portfolio consists primarily of loans secured by office buildings, retail and industrial use buildings, strip shopping centers, mixed-use and other properties used for commercial purposes located in our market area.

Although terms for commercial real estate and multi-family loans vary, our underwriting standards generally allow for terms up to 10 years with the interest rate being reset in the fifth year and with amortization typically not greater than 25 years and loan-to-value ratios of not more than 80 percent. Interest rates are either fixed or adjustable, based upon the index rate plus a margin, and fees ranging from 0.5 percent to 1.50 percent are charged to the borrower at the origination of the loan. Prepayment fees are charged on most loans in the event of early repayment. Generally, we obtain personal guarantees of the principals as additional collateral for commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans.

Commercial and multi-family real estate loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by one- to four-family residences. This greater risk is due to several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effect of general economic conditions on income producing properties and the increased difficulty of evaluating and monitoring these types of loans. Furthermore, the repayment of loans secured by commercial and multi-family real estate is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the related real estate project. If the cash flow from the project is reduced (for example, if leases are not obtained or renewed, a bankruptcy court modifies a lease term, or a major tenant is unable to fulfill its lease obligations), the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. As of September 30, 2021, there was zero non-accruing commercial real estate mortgage loans.  This excludes commercial real estate mortgage loans held-for-sale that were classified as non-accruing in the amount of $21.1 million. As of September 30, 2021, $7.0 million, or 61.4 percent of our allowance for loan losses, was allocated to commercial real estate mortgage loans. As of September 30, 2021, our commercial real estate loans held in our portfolio that were deemed performing troubled debt restructurings increased to $12.2 million from $11.4 million as of September 30, 2020.

At September 30, 2021, our multi-family loan portfolio included 23 loans with an aggregate book value of $66.3 million secured by multi-family (more than four units) properties, constituting 7.3 percent of our gross loans at such date. As of September 30, 2021, we had no non-accruing multi-family loans.  

At September 30, 2021, we had $115.2 million in commercial business loans, or 12.6 percent of gross loans outstanding, in our portfolio. Our commercial business loans generally have been made to small to mid-sized businesses located in our market area. The commercial business loans in our portfolio assist us in our asset/liability management since they generally provide shorter maturities and/or adjustable rates of interest in addition to generally having higher rates of return which are designed to compensate for the additional credit risk associated with these loans. The commercial business loans which we have originated may be either a revolving line of credit or for a fixed term of generally 10 years or less. Interest rates are adjustable, indexed to a published prime rate of interest, or fixed. Generally, equipment, machinery, real property or other corporate assets secure such loans. Personal guarantees from the business principals are generally obtained as additional collateral.

Generally, commercial business loans are characterized as having higher risks associated with them than single-family residential mortgage loans. As of September 30, 2021, we had one $2.5 million non-accruing commercial loan in our loan portfolio. At such date, approximately $2.3 million, or 19.8 percent of the allowance for loan losses, was allocated to commercial business loans primarily due to a specific reserve of $1.5 million on the same loan mentioned above. At September 30, 2021, one commercial business loan totaling $549,000 was deemed a performing troubled debt restructuring loan. There were no commercial troubled debt restructured loans at September 30, 2020.

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In our underwriting procedures, consideration is given to the stability of the property’s cash flow history, future operating projections, current and projected occupancy levels, location, and physical condition. Generally, our practice in recent periods is to impose a debt service ratio (the ratio of net cash flows from operations before the payment of debt service/debt service) of not less than 120 percent. We also evaluate the credit and financial condition of the borrower, and if applicable, the guarantor. Appraisal reports prepared by independent appraisers are obtained on each loan to substantiate the property’s market value and are reviewed by us prior to the closing of the loan.

Consumer Lending. In our efforts to provide a full range of financial services to our customers, we offer various types of consumer loans. Our consumer loans amounted to $21.7 million or 2.4 percent of our total loan portfolio at September 30, 2021. The largest components of our consumer loans are home equity lines of credit, which amounted to $13.5 million at September 30, 2021, and loans secured by second mortgages, consisting primarily of home equity loans, which amounted to $5.9 million at September 30, 2021. Our consumer loans also include automobile loans, unsecured personal loans and loans secured by deposits. Consumer loans are originated primarily through existing and walk-in customers and direct advertising.

Our home equity lines of credit are variable rate loans tied to LIBOR, treasury, and prime rates. Our second mortgages may have fixed or variable rates, although they generally have had fixed rates in recent periods. Our second mortgages have a maximum term to maturity of 15 years. Both our second mortgages and our home equity lines of credit generally are secured by the borrower’s primary residence. However, our security generally consists of a second lien on the property. Our lending policy provides that the maximum loan-to-value ratio on our home equity lines of credit is 80 percent when the Bank has the first mortgage. However, the maximum loan-to-value ratio on our home equity lines of credit is reduced to 75 percent when the Bank does not have the first mortgage. At September 30, 2021, the unused portion of our home equity lines of credit was $25.7 million.

Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential loans; however, they have additional credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan or in some cases the absence of collateral.  In the year ended September 30, 2021, we recovered $129,000 of previously charged-off consumer loans mostly consisting of second mortgage loans, as compared to $66,000 of charge-offs, mostly consisting of second mortgage loans, during the year ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, we had $278,000 of non-accruing second mortgage loans and $23,000 of non-accruing home equity lines of credit, representing an increase of $21,000 over the amount of non-accruing second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2021, $1.0 million of our consumer loans were classified as substandard consumer loans. At September 30, 2021, an aggregate of $163,000 of our allowance for loan losses was allocated to second mortgages and home equity lines of credit.

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The following table presents the contractual maturity of our loans held in portfolio at September 30, 2021. The table does not include the effect of prepayments or scheduled principal amortization. Loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less.

	At September 30, 2021, Maturing
	In One Year or Less		After One Years Through Five Years		After Five Years		Total
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	1,087	$	4,237	$	193,386	$	198,710
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		21,059		26,672		13,761		61,492
Land		1,634		570		—		2,204
Total construction and development		22,693		27,242		13,761		63,696
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		28,857		230,010		168,048		426,915
Farmland		3,650		1,062		5,585		10,297
Multi-family		15,709		23,083		27,540		66,332
Commercial and industrial		43,584		61,262		10,400		115,246
Other		6,628		4,326		—		10,954
Total commercial		98,428		319,743		211,573		629,744
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		—		887		12,604		13,491
Second mortgages		501		1,226		4,157		5,884
Other		205		1,918		176		2,299
Total consumer		706		4,031		16,937		21,674
Total	$	122,914	$	355,253	$	435,657	$	913,824
Loans with:
Fixed rates	$	17,835	$	121,268	$	184,894	$	323,997
Variable rates		105,079		233,985		250,763		589,827
Total	$	122,914	$	355,253	$	435,657	$	913,824

For additional information regarding loans, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for Loan Losses and Related Provision

The purpose of the allowance for loan losses (“ALLL” or “allowance”) is to absorb the impact of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Additions to the allowance are made through provisions charged against current operations and through recoveries made on loans previously charged-off. The allowance is maintained at an amount considered adequate by management to provide for potential loan losses based upon a periodic evaluation of the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio. In establishing an appropriate allowance, an assessment of the individual borrowers, a determination of the value of the underlying collateral, a review of historical loss experience and an analysis of the levels and trends of loan categories, delinquencies and problem loans are considered. Such qualitative factors as changes in lending policies and procedures, economic and business conditions, nature and volume of the portfolio, changes in delinquency, concentration of credit trends, value of underlying collateral, the level and trend of interest rates, and peer group statistics are also reviewed. At September 30, 2021, the level of the allowance was $11.5 million as compared to a level of $12.4 million at September 30, 2020. The Company made loan loss provisions of $11.2 million in fiscal year 2021 compared with $10.6 million in fiscal year 2020. Provision expense was higher during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, due primarily to four commercial loans that were transferred to held-for-sale. The level of the allowance during the fiscal years of 2021 and 2020 reflects the change in average volume, credit quality within the loan portfolio, the level of charge-offs, and loan volume recorded during the periods and the

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Company’s focus on the changing composition of the commercial and residential real estate loan portfolios.

At September 30, 2021, the allowance amounted to 1.21 percent of total gross loans. In management’s view, the level of the allowance at September 30, 2021 is adequate to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management’s judgment regarding the adequacy of the allowance constitutes a ‘‘Forward Looking Statement’’ under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from management’s analysis, based principally upon the factors considered by management in establishing the allowance.

Although management uses the best information reasonably available to it, the level of the allowance remains an estimate, which is subject to significant judgment and short-term change. The OCC, as an integral part of its examination process, periodically reviews the Company’s allowance. The OCC may require the Company to increase the allowance based on its analysis of information available to it at the time of its examination. Furthermore, the majority of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate in the State of New Jersey and the State of Pennsylvania. Future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary due to economic factors impacting real estate in the Bank’s market areas and a deterioration of the economic climate, as well as, operating, regulatory and other conditions beyond the Company’s control, including those as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The allowance as a percentage of total loans amounted to 1.21 percent and 1.20 percent at September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Net charge-offs were $12.1 million in fiscal year 2021, compared to net charge-offs of $8.3 million in fiscal year 2020. Charge-offs were higher primarily in the commercial real estate portfolio segment in fiscal year 2021 than in fiscal year 2020 due the transfer of four commercial real estate loans at fair value to loans held for sale during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

At September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a write down of approximately $10.8 million related to three commercial real estate loans with an aggregate book balance of $29.3 million.  Included in these loans was one non-accrual commercial real estate loan totaling approximately $12.2 million and two trouble debt restructured commercial real estate loans totaling $17.1 million.  These loans were transferred to the held-for-sale loan category at the fair value of $18.9 million reflecting management’s intent to sell these loans and the anticipated sale price of such loans. The three loans were subsequently sold in October 2021.  There was one additional non-accrual commercial real estate loan transferred to held-for-sale at September 30, 2021, with an aggregate book balance of $13.6 million, for which the Company continues to evaluate a sale of this loan.

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Five-Year Statistical Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table reflects the relationship of loan volume, the provision and allowance for loan losses and net charge-offs for the past five years.

	September 30,
	2021			2020			2019			2018			2017
	(In thousands)
Average loans outstanding	$	945,457		$	1,026,221		$	977,876		$	860,366		$	740,646
Total loans at end of period	$	947,023(1)		$	1,039,001		$	1,021,421		$	914,891		$	846,446
Analysis of the Allowance of Loan Losses
Balance at beginning of year	$	12,433		$	10,095		$	9,021		$	8,405		$	5,434
Charge-offs:
Residential mortgage		—			—			17			60			—
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		11,930			8,330			1,418			276			—
Commercial and industrial		379			—			—			45			—
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		—			62			—			—			—
Second mortgages		—			3			45			88			218
Other		4			1			37			2			5
Total charge-offs		12,313		8,396			1,517			471			223
Recoveries:
Residential mortgage		41			25			79			58			2
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		4			—			—			—			90
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		1			6			23			11			40
Commercial and industrial		2			2			4			4			9
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		17			1			1			1			18
Second mortgages		108			88			94			52			232
Other		3			2			11			7			12
Total recoveries		176			124			212			133			403
Net charge-offs (recoveries)		12,137			8,272			1,305			3,38			(180	)
Provision for loan losses		11,176			10,610			2,379			954			2,791
Balance at end of year	$	11,472		$	12,433		$	10,095		$	9,021		$	8,405
Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) during the    year to average loans outstanding during the    year		1.28	%		0.81	%		0.13	%		0.04	%		(0.02	)%
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total    loans at end of year		1.21	%		1.20	%		0.99	%		0.99	%		0.99	%

(1) Balance includes loans held for sale for 2021.

For additional information regarding loans, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Implicit in the lending function is the fact that loan losses will be experienced and that the risk of loss will vary with the type of loan being made, the creditworthiness of the borrower and prevailing economic conditions. The allowance for loan losses has been allocated in the table below according to the estimated amount deemed to be reasonably necessary to provide for the possibility of losses being incurred within the following categories of loans at September 30, for each of the past five years.

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The table below shows, for three types of loans, the amounts of the allowance allocable to such loans and the percentage of such loans to total loans.

	September 30,
	2021					2020					2019					2018					2017
			Loans					Loans					Loans					Loans					Loans
			to Total					to Total					to Total					to Total					to Total
	Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	934		21.8	%	$	1,667		23.3	%	$	1,364		21.6	%	$	1,062		21.6	%	$	1,004		22.7	%
Construction and    Development:
Residential and    commercial		428		6.7			465		6.3			523		3.9			393		4.1			523		4.2
Land loans		15		0.2			23		0.3			20		0.3			49		1.0			132		2.2
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		7,043		46.7			8,682		47.7			5,903		53.7			5,031		54.4			3,581		52.2
Farmland		56		1.1			47		0.7			49		0.7			66		1.3			9		0.2
Multi-family		450		7.3			511		6.5			369		6.2			232		4.9			224		4.7
Commercial and industrial		2,221		12.6			578		11.2			615		9.8			443		8.1			520		8.3
Other		54		1.2			51		1.0			21		0.4			24		0.7			21		0.5
Consumer:
Home equity lines of    credit		76		1.5			130		1.7			122		1.9			82		1.6			90		2.0
Second mortgages		87		0.6			196		1.0			267		1.3			326		2.0			402		2.7
Other		20		0.3			29		0.3			23		0.2			51		0.3			27		0.3
Total allocated		11,384		100.0			12,379		100.0			9,276		100.0			7,759		100.0			6,533		100.0
Unallocated		88		—			54		—			819		—			1,262		—			1,872		—
Balance at end of period	$	11,472		100.0	%	$	12,433		100.0	%	$	10,095		100.0	%	$	9,021		100.0	%	$	8,405		100.0	%

In assessing the adequacy of the allowance, it is recognized that the process, methodology and underlying assumptions require a significant degree of judgment and uncertainty. The estimation of loan losses is not precise; the range of factors considered is wide and is significantly dependent upon management’s judgment, including the outlook and potential changes in the economic environment and general market conditions.  At present, components of the commercial loan segments of the portfolio are new originations and the associated volumes continue to see increased growth.  At the same time, historical loss levels have decreased as factors utilized in assessing the portfolio.  Any unallocated portion of the allowance reflects management’s estimate of probable inherent but undetected losses within the portfolio due to uncertainties in economic conditions, delays in obtaining information, including unfavorable information about a borrower’s financial condition, the difficulty in identifying triggering events that correlate perfectly to subsequent loss rates, and risk factors that have not yet manifested in loss allocation factors.

Asset Quality

The Company manages asset quality and credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan portfolio and through review processes that include analysis of credit requests and ongoing examination of outstanding loans and delinquencies, with particular attention to portfolio dynamics and mix. The Company strives to identify loans experiencing difficulty early enough to attempt to correct the problems, to record charge-offs promptly based on realistic assessments of current collateral values, and to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses at all times.

It is generally the Company’s policy to discontinue interest accruals once a loan is past due as to interest or principal payments for a period of ninety days. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest accruals cease and uncollected accrued interest is reversed and charged against current income. Payments received on non-accrual loans are applied against principal. A loan may only be restored to an accruing basis when it again becomes well secured and in the process of collection or all past due amounts have been collected and a satisfactory period of ongoing repayment exists. Accruing loans past due 90 days or more are generally well secured and in the process of collection. For additional information regarding loans, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Non-Performing and Past Due Loans and OREO

Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more. Non-accrual loans represent loans on which interest accruals have been suspended. It is the Company’s general policy to consider the charge-off of loans at the point they become past due in excess of 90 days, with the exception of loans that are both well-secured and in the process of collection. Troubled debt restructurings represent loans on which a concession was granted to a borrower, such as a reduction in interest rate to a rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risks, and which are currently performing in accordance with the modified terms. For additional information regarding loans, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table sets forth, as of the dates indicated, the amount of the Company’s non-accrual loans, accruing loans past due 90 days or more, OREO and troubled debt restructurings.

	At September 30,
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Residential mortgage	$	879	$	2,036	$	1,532	$	1,817	$	826
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		—		14,414		—		520		—
Commercial and industrial		2,517		—		—		—		—
Total commercial		2,517		14,414		—		520		—
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		23		26		30		34		10
Second mortgages		278		254		259		290		202
Other		—		—		—		26		—
Total consumer		301		280		289		350		212
Total non-accrual loans		3,697		16,730		1,821		2,687		1,038
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more		—		58		502		374		173
Total non-performing loans		3,697		16,788		2,323		3,061		1,211
Other real estate owned		4,961		5,796		5,796		—		—
Total non-performing assets	$	8,658	$	22,584	$	8,119	$	3,061	$	1,211
Troubled debt restructured loans — performing	$	17,601	$	13,418	$	12,170	$	18,640	$	2,238

At September 30, 2021, non-performing assets totaled $8.7 million, or 0.72 percent of total assets, as compared with $22.6 million, or 1.87 percent of total assets, at September 30, 2020. Total non-performing assets excludes non-accrual loans held-for-sale. The decrease in non-performing assets was primarily due to the decrease in non-accrual loans including one commercial real estate loans totaling $6.6 million returning to accrual status as of September 30,2021 and one commercial real estate loan $7.5 million transferred to loans held-for-sale for period ending September 30, 2021. OREO, which is comprised of one commercial real estate property, totaled $5.0 million at September 30, 2021, compared to $5.8 million at September 30, 2020.  

Performing TDR loans were $17.6 million at September 30, 2021, compared to $13.4 million at September 30, 2020. As stated above, the increase is primarily related to one $4.2 million commercial real estate loan that returned to accruing status and as such is now classified as a performing TDR as of September 30, 2021.

Subsequent to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, a $12.2 million non-accrual commercial real estate loan was sold bringing total non-performing loans down to $12.6 million. TDR loans totaled $18.2 million and $21.7 million at September 30, 2021 and at September 30, 2020, respectively. A total of $17.6 million and $13.4 million of TDR loans were performing pursuant to the terms of their respective modifications at September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2021, four TDR loans with an outstanding balance of approximately $640,000 were deemed non-performing, while eight TDR loans with an outstanding balance of approximately $8.3 million were deemed non-performing at September 30, 2020. The performing TDR loans increased by $4.2 million at September 30, 2021, compared to September 30, 2020, primarily due to the addition of two loans; one loan is a $2.2 million commercial loan secured by farmland and the second loan is a $4.3 million commercial real estate loan that returned from non-accrual status at September 30, 2020. These additions were partially offset by a $3.5 million write down of a commercial real estate loan.

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Subsequent to September 30, 2021, two performing TDR loans totaling $17.1 million were sold.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company recorded a $212,000 income tax benefit in fiscal year 2021 compared to a $36,000 income tax benefit in fiscal year 2020. For a more detailed description of income taxes see Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to the note on Recent Accounting Pronouncements in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for a detailed discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

Asset and Liability Management

Asset and liability management encompasses an analysis of market risk, the control of interest rate risk (interest sensitivity management) and the ongoing maintenance and planning of liquidity and capital. The composition of the Company’s statement of condition is planned and monitored by the Company’s Asset and Liability Committee (“ALCO”). In general, management’s objective is to optimize net interest income and minimize market risk and interest rate risk by monitoring the components of the statement of condition and the interaction of interest rates.

Short-term interest rate exposure analysis is supplemented with an interest sensitivity gap model. The Company utilizes interest sensitivity analysis to measure the responsiveness of net interest income to changes in interest rate levels. Interest rate risk arises when an earning asset matures or when its interest rate changes in a time period different than that of a supporting interest-bearing liability, or when an interest-bearing liability matures or when its interest rate changes in a time period different than that of an earning asset that it supports. While the Company matches only a small portion of specific assets and liabilities, total earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are grouped to determine the overall interest rate risk within a number of specific time frames. The difference between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities is referred to as the interest sensitivity gap. At any given point in time, the Company may be in an asset-sensitive position, whereby its interest-sensitive assets exceed its interest-sensitive liabilities, or in a liability-sensitive position, whereby its interest-sensitive liabilities exceed its interest-sensitive assets, depending in part on management’s judgment as to projected interest rate trends.

The Company’s interest rate sensitivity position in each time frame may be expressed as assets less liabilities, as liabilities less assets, or as the ratio between rate sensitive assets (“RSA”) and rate sensitive liabilities (“RSL”). For example, a short-funded position (liabilities repricing before assets) would be expressed as a net negative position, when period gaps are computed by subtracting repricing liabilities from repricing assets. When using the ratio method, an RSA/RSL ratio of 1 indicates a balanced position, a ratio greater than 1 indicates an asset-sensitive position and a ratio less than 1 indicates a liability-sensitive position.

A negative gap and/or a rate sensitivity ratio less than 1 tends to expand net interest margins in a falling rate environment and reduce net interest margins in a rising rate environment. Conversely, when a positive gap occurs, generally margins expand in a rising rate environment and contract in a falling rate environment. From time to time, the Company may elect to deliberately mismatch liabilities and assets in a strategic gap position.

At September 30, 2021, the Company reflected a positive interest sensitivity gap with an interest sensitivity ratio of 1.22:1.00 at the cumulative one-year position. Based on management’s perception of interest rates remaining low throughout 2021, emphasis has been, and is expected to continue to be, placed on controlling liability costs while extending the maturities of liabilities in our efforts to insulate the net interest spread from rising interest rates in the future. However, no assurance can be given that this objective will be met.

The following table sets forth the amounts of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities outstanding at September 30, 2021, which we expect, based upon certain assumptions, to reprice or mature in each of the future time periods shown (the “GAP Table”). Except as stated below, the amount of assets and liabilities shown which reprice or mature during a particular period were determined in accordance with the earlier of term to repricing or the contractual maturity of the asset or liability. The GAP Table sets forth approximation of the projected repricing of assets and liabilities at September 30, 2021, on the basis of contractual maturities, anticipated prepayments, and scheduled rate adjustments within a three-month period and subsequent selected time intervals. The loan amounts in the GAP Table reflect principal balances expected to be redeployed and/or repriced as a result of contractual

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amortization and anticipated prepayments of adjustable-rate loans and fixed-rate loans, and as a result of contractual rate adjustments on adjustable-rate loans.

	6 Months or Less			More than 6 Months to 1 Year			More than 1 Year to 3 Years			More than 3 Year to 5 Years			More than 5 Years			Total Amount
	(In thousands)
Interest-earning assets(1):
Loans receivable(2)	$	246,058		$	69,885		$	320,563		$	171,533		$	80,972		$	889,011
Investment securities and restricted securities		15,525			5,919			3,560			34,180			19,412			78,596
Other interest-earning assets		36,920			—			—			—			—			36,920
Total interest-earning assets		298,503			75,804			324,123			205,713			100,384			1,004,527
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand and NOW accounts		20,120			20,120			80,481			80,481			135,443			336,645
Money market accounts		45,075			45,075			180,299			114,498			533			385,480
Savings accounts		2,196			2,196			8,785			8,785			28,620			50,582
Certificate accounts		28,058			30,066			39,162			13,479			838			111,603
Borrowings		94,934			20,000			—			—			—			114,934
Total interest-bearing liabilities		190,383			117,457			308,727			217,243			164,434			999,244
Interest-earning assets less interest-    bearing liabilities	$	108,120		$	(41,653	)	$	15,396		$	(11,530	)	$	(64,050	)	$	6,938
Cumulative interest-rate sensitivity gap(3)	$	108,120		$	66,467		$	81,863		$	70,333		$	6,523
Cumulative interest-rate gap as a    percentage of total assets at    September 30, 2021		8.94	%		5.49	%		6.77	%		5.82	%		0.54	%
Cumulative interest-earning assets as a    percentage of cumulative interest-bearing liabilities at September 30, 2021		156.79	%		121.59	%		113.28	%		108.44	%		100.63	%

(1) Interest-earning assets are included in the period in which the balances are expected to be redeployed and /or repriced as a result of anticipated prepayments, scheduled rate adjustments and contractual maturities.

(2) For purposes of the gap analysis, loans receivable excludes non-accrual loans gross of the allowance for loan losses, undisbursed loan funds, unamortized discounts and deferred loans fees.

(3) Interest-rate sensitivity gap represents the net cumulative difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Net Portfolio Value and Net Interest Income Analysis. Our interest rate sensitivity also is monitored by management through the use of models which generate estimates of the change in its net portfolio value (“NPV”) and net interest income (“NII”) over a range of interest rate scenarios. NPV is the present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet contracts. The NPV ratio, under any interest rate scenario, is defined as the NPV in that scenario divided by the market value of assets in the same scenario.  

The table below sets forth as of September 30, 2021, and 2020 the estimated changes in our NPV that would result from designated instantaneous changes in the United States Treasury yield curve.  Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rates changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.

		As of September 30, 2021								As of September 30, 2020
Changes in Interest Rates (basis points)(1)		Amount		Dollar Change from Base			Percentage Change from Base			Amount		Dollar Change from Base		Percentage Change from Base
		(In thousands)
+300		$	152,219	$	(11,099	)		(7	)%	$	155,658	$	3,988		3	%
+200			158,876		(4,442	)		(3	)		159,099		7,429		5
+100			162,206		(1,112	)		(1	)		158,349		6,679		4
	0		163,318		—			—			151,670		—		—
-100			177,047		13,729			8			158,616		6,946		5

(1) Assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates.  A basis point equals 0.01%.

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In addition to modeling changes in NPV, we also analyze potential changes to NII for a twelve-month period under rising and falling interest rate scenarios. The following table shows our NII model as of September 30, 2021.

Changes in Interest Rates in Basis Points (Rate Shock)	Net Interest Income		$ Change			% Change
	(In thousands)
200	$	45,772	$	16,652			57.18	%
100		39,183		10,063			34.56
Static		29,120		—			—
(100)		28,692		(428	)		(1.47	)

As is the case with the GAP Table, certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes in NPV and NII require the making of certain assumptions which may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the models presented assume that the composition of our interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration to maturity or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the NPV measurements and net interest income models provide an indication of interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on net interest income and will differ from actual results.

Estimates of Fair Value

The estimation of fair value is significant to a number of the Company’s assets, including loans held for sale, investment securities available-for-sale and loans swaps. These are all recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. Fair values are volatile and may be influenced by a number of factors. Circumstances that could cause estimates of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities to change include a change in prepayment speeds, discount rates, or market interest rates. Fair values for most available-for-sale investment securities are based on quoted market prices. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic condition risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Liquidity

The liquidity position of the Company is dependent primarily on successful management of the Bank’s assets and liabilities to meet the needs of both deposit and credit customers. Liquidity needs arise principally to accommodate possible deposit outflows and to meet customers’ requests for loans. Scheduled principal loan repayments, maturing investments, short-term liquid assets and deposit inflows, can satisfy such needs. The objective of liquidity management is to enable the Company to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Management monitors current and projected cash flows and adjusts positions as necessary to maintain adequate levels of liquidity. Under its liquidity risk management program, the Company regularly monitors correspondent bank funding exposure and credit exposure in accordance with guidelines issued by the banking regulatory authorities. Management uses a variety of potential funding sources and staggering maturities to reduce the risk of potential funding pressure. Management also maintains a detailed contingency funding plan designed to respond adequately to situations which could lead to stresses on liquidity. Management believes that the Company has the funding capacity to meet the liquidity needs arising from potential events. The Company maintains borrowing capacity through the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh secured with loans and marketable securities.

The Company’s primary sources of short-term liquidity consist of cash and cash equivalents and investment securities available-for-sale.

At September 30, 2021, the Company had $136.6 million in cash and cash equivalents compared to $61.4 million at September 30, 2020. The increase in cash and cash equivalents year over year was due to increased deposits, the Company’s decision to build liquidity during the economic downturn in fiscal year 2021, and the cash received from loan paydowns and payoffs throughout the year. In addition, our investment securities available-for-sale amounted to $40.8 million at September 30, 2021, and $30.0 million at September 30, 2020.  

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Deposits

Total deposits increased to $938.2 million at September 30, 2021, from $890.9 million at September 30, 2020. Total interest-bearing deposits increased from $840.5 million at September 30, 2020, to $884.3 million at September 30, 2021, an increase of $43.8 million or 5.2 percent. Time deposits $100,000 and over decreased $85.6 million at September 30, 2021, as compared to September 30, 2020, and represented 6.4 percent of total deposits at September 30, 2021, compared to 16.2 percent at September 30, 2020. We had brokered deposits totaling $6.1 million at September 30, 2021, compared to $31.1 million at September 30, 2020.

The Company continues to place the main focus of its deposit gathering efforts in the maintenance, development, and expansion of its core deposit base.

The following table depicts the Company’s deposits classified by interest rates with percentages to total deposits at September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	September 30, 2021					September 30, 2020					Dollar
	Amount		Percentage			Amount		Percentage			Change
	(In thousands)
Balances by types of deposit:
Savings	$	50,582		5.4	%	$	45,072		5.1	%	$	5,510
Money market accounts		385,480		41.1			277,711		31.2			107,769
Interest bearing demand		336,645		35.9			303,682		34.1			32,963
Non-interest bearing demand		53,849		5.7			50,422		5.7			3,427
	$	826,556		88.1		$	676,887		76.0		$	149,669
Certificates of deposit		111,603		11.9			214,019		24.0			(102,416	)
Total	$	938,159		100.0	%	$	890,906		100.0	%	$	47,253

At September 30, 2021, our certificates of deposit and other time deposits with a balance of $100,000 or more amounted to $60.2 million, of which $32.6 million are scheduled to mature within twelve months. At September 30, 2021, the weighted average remaining maturity of our certificate of deposit accounts was 11.4 months. The following table presents the maturity of our certificates of deposit and other time deposits with balances of $100,000 or more at September 30, 2021.

	Amount
	(In thousands)
Maturity Period:
Three months or less	$	7,121
Over three months through six months		8,188
Over six months through twelve months		17,330
Over twelve months		27,515
Total	$	60,154

Borrowings

Borrowings from the FHLB of Pittsburgh are available to supplement the Company’s liquidity position and, to the extent that maturing deposits do not remain with the Company, management may replace such funds with advances. As of September 30, 2021, and 2020, the Company’s outstanding balance of FHLB advances, totaled $90.0 million and $130.0 million, respectively. The $90.0 million in advances as of September 30, 2021 represents three short-term FHLB advances of fixed-rate borrowing with rollover of 90 days.  

During both fiscal year 2021 and 2020, the Company did not purchase any securities sold under agreements to repurchase as a short-term funding source. The Company has no secured borrowing agreements with a third party at September 30, 2021, as compared to $4.2 million at September 30, 2020.

Cash Flows

The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows present the changes in cash and cash equivalents resulting from the Company’s operating, investing and financing activities. During the year ended September 30, 2021, cash and cash

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equivalents increased by $75.2 million from the balance at September 30, 2020 of $61.4 million. Net cash of $14.8 million was provided by operating activities in fiscal 2021 compared to net cash of $11.7 million provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2020. Net cash provided by investing activities amounted to approximately $58.0 million in fiscal year 2021 compared to net cash used in investing activities of approximately $35.3 million in fiscal year 2020. Net cash of $2.4 million was provided by financing activities in fiscal year 2021 compared to net cash of $68.5 million used in financing activities in fiscal year 2020.

In the normal course of operations, the Company engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded in its financial statements. These transactions involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used primarily to manage customers’ requests for funding and take the form of loan commitments, lines of credit and letters of credit.

The contractual amounts of commitments to extend credit represent the amounts of potential accounting loss should the contract be fully drawn upon, the customer defaults and the value of any existing collateral becomes worthless. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments.  Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk at September 30, 2021, and 2020 were as follows:

	September 30,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Commitments to extend credit:(1)
Future loan commitments	$	32,889	$	7,687
Undisbursed construction loans		12,672		24,551
Undisbursed home equity lines of credit		25,722		24,751
Undisbursed commercial lines of credit		86,842		81,363
Overdraft protection lines		1,549		1,362
Standby letters of credit		9,026		9,074
Total commitments	$	168,700	$	148,788

(1) Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments may require payment of a fee and generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses.

We anticipate that we will continue to have sufficient funds and alternative funding sources to meet our current commitments.

Shareholders’ Equity

Total shareholders’ equity amounted to $142.2 million, or 11.8 percent of total assets, at September 30, 2021, compared to $140.6 million, or 11.6 percent of total assets, at September 30, 2020. Book value per common share was $18.65 at September 30, 2021, compared to $18.48 at September 30, 2020.

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Capital

The Bank’s capital ratios as of September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020, are as follows:

	Actual					Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes					To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions					Excess Over Well-Capitalized Provision
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
As of September 30, 2021:	(Dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital    (to adjusted tangible    assets)	$	157,518		13.14	%	$	47,946		4.00	%	$	59,933		5.00	%	$	97,585		8.14	%
Common equity Tier 1    (to risk-weighted    assets)		157,518		16.13			43,934		4.50			63,460		6.50			94,058		9.63
Tier 1 risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		157,518		16.13			58,579		6.00			78,105		8.00			79,413		8.13
Total risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		169,072		17.32			78,105		8.00			97,632		10.00			71,440		7.32
As of September 30, 2020:
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital    (to adjusted tangible    assets)	$	155,575		12.78	%	$	40,685		4.00	%	$	60,856		5.00	%	$	94,719		7.78	%
Common equity Tier 1    (to risk-weighted    assets)		155,575		15.40			45,459		4.50			65,663		6.50			89,912		8.90
Tier 1 risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		155,575		15.40			60,612		6.00			80,816		8.00			74,759		7.40
Total risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		168,090		16.64			80,816		8.00			101,020		10.00			67,070		6.64

Malvern Bancorp’s capital ratios as of September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020, are as follows:

	Actual					Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes					To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions(1)				Excess Over Well-Capitalized Provision (1)
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio
As of September 30, 2021:	(Dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to    adjusted tangible    assets)	$	142,132		11.84	%	$	48,020		4.00	%	N/A		N/A		N/A	N/A
Common equity Tier 1 (to    risk-weighted assets)		142,132		14.53			44,024		4.50		N/A		N/A		N/A	N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		142,132		14.53			58,699		6.00		N/A		N/A		N/A	N/A
Total risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		178,620		18.26			78,265		8.00		N/A		N/A		N/A	N/A
As of September 30, 2020:
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to    adjusted tangible    assets)	$	141,681		11.63	%	$	48,743		4.00	%		N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A
Common equity Tier 1 (to    risk-weighted assets)		141,681		14.00			45,528		4.50			N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		141,681		14.00			60,704		6.00			N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A
Total risk-based capital    (to risk-weighted assets)		178,972		17.69			80,939		8.00			N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A

(1) The Company is not subject to the regulatory capital ratios imposed by Basel III on bank holding companies because the Company was deemed to be a small bank holding company as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Looking Forward

One of the Company’s primary objectives is the improvement of asset quality and capital preservation. Additional objectives are balancing asset and revenue growth, while at the same time expanding market presence and diversifying the Company’s financial products. However, it is recognized that objectives, no matter how focused, are subject to factors beyond the control of the Company, which can impede its ability to achieve these goals. The following factors should be considered when evaluating the Company’s ability to achieve its objectives:

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The financial market place is rapidly changing. Banks are no longer the only place to obtain loans, nor the only place to keep financial assets. The banking industry has lost market share to other financial service providers. The future is predicated on the Company’s ability to adapt its products, provide superior customer service and compete in an ever-changing marketplace. Net interest income, the primary source of earnings, is impacted favorably or unfavorably by changes in interest rates. Although the impact of interest rate fluctuations is mitigated by ALCO strategies, significant changes in interest rates can have a material adverse impact on profitability.

The ability of customers to repay their obligations is often impacted by changes in the regional and local economy. Although the Company sets aside loan loss provisions toward the allowance for loan losses when management determines such action to be appropriate, significant unfavorable changes in the economy could impact the assumptions used in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance.

Technological changes will have a material impact on how financial service companies compete for and deliver services. It is recognized that these changes will have a direct impact on how the marketplace is approached and ultimately on profitability. The Company has taken steps to improve its traditional delivery channels. However, continued success will likely be measured by the Company’s ability to anticipate and react to future technological changes.

This ‘‘Looking Forward’’ discussion constitutes a forward-looking statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the Company’s forward-looking statements due to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including the factors referred to above, on the first page of this Report and in other sections of this Report.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

This Item has been omitted based on the Company’s status as a smaller reporting company.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Loan Losses – Qualitative Factors

Critical Audit Matter Description

As disclosed in Note 7 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company's loans held for investment portfolio totaled $913,824,000 as of September 30, 2021, and the related allowance for loan losses was $11,472,000. As described in Note 2 and Note 7, the allowance for loan losses consists of two major components: (1) a specific component consisting of the valuation allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment based on probable losses on specific loans, representing $1,544,000 at September 30, 2021 and (2) a general component consisting of the valuation allowance for a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics collectively evaluated for impairment. For collectively evaluated allowances, the Company uses historical experience to develop quantitative loss factors, which it applies to these pool of loans based on management’s assigned internal risk ratings.  The Company also applies qualitative loss factors as an adjustment to historical losses based on general economic conditions and other qualitative

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risk factors both internal and external to the Company.  The general component of the allowance for loan loss consisting of quantitative allowance factors combined with the adjustments for qualitative conditions represented $9,928,000 at September 30, 2021.  

The determination of the allowance for loan losses requires significant estimates and subjective assumptions which require a high degree of judgment relating to how those assumptions impact probable incurred credit losses within the loan portfolio. Changes in these assumptions could have a material effect on the Company’s financial results. Qualitative factors are evaluated for the impact on each of the four distinct loan segments (residential mortgage, construction and development, commercial, and consumer) within the loan portfolio. Each qualitative factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. Management has designed qualitative factors that include such factors as 1) lending policies and procedures, 2) national, regional, and local economic and business conditions, 3) nature and volume of the loan portfolio and terms of loans, 4) experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff, 5) volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans and loan modifications, 6) quality of the Company’s loan review system, 7) existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, 8) changes in collateral values, and 9) peer bank information.  The amount of the allowance for loan loss allocated is increased or decreased for each loan segment based on management's assessment of these qualitative factors.

We identified auditing the impact of qualitative factors in the allowance for loan losses as a critical audit matter as it involved especially subjective auditor judgment.  Auditing management's determination of qualitative factors involved especially subjective auditor judgment because management's estimate relies on an inherently subjective analysis to determine the quantitative impact the qualitative factors have on the allowance.  Management's identification and analysis of these issues requires significant judgment.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included, among others:

•Obtaining an understanding of the management review control over the determination, review and approval of the qualitative factors and testing such control for design and operating effectiveness.

•Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments related to qualitative factor adjustments to determine if they are calculated in accordance with management’s policies and consistently applied.

•Evaluating the relevance and reliability of underlying internal and external data inputs used as a basis for the qualitative factor adjustments and corroborating these inputs by comparing to the Company’s lending practices, historical loan portfolio performance, and third-party macroeconomic data, as well as considering current economic factors.

•Analytically evaluate changes that occurred in the allowance for loan losses.

/s/ Baker Tilly US, LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.

Allentown, Pennsylvania

January 10, 2022

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Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Assets
Cash and due from depository institutions	$	99,670		$	16,386
Interest bearing deposits in depository institutions		36,920			45,053
Cash and Cash Equivalents		136,590			61,439
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost of    $40,756 and $30,135 at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		40,813			30,018
Equity Securities			1,500			1,523
Investment securities held to maturity, at cost (fair value of $28,913 and    $15,608 at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively)		28,507			14,970
Restricted stock, at cost		7,776			9,622
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $33,199 at September 30,    2021)		33,199			—
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $11,472 and $12,433 at    September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively		902,981			1,026,894
Other real estate owned		4,961			5,796
Accrued interest receivable		3,512			3,677
Operating lease right-of-use-assets		1,796			2,638
Property and equipment, net		5,777			6,274
Deferred income taxes, net		3,530			3,680
Bank-owned life insurance		26,056			25,400
Other assets		12,145			16,344
Total Assets	$	1,209,143		$	1,208,275
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Deposits:
Deposits-noninterest-bearing	$	53,849		$	50,422
Deposits-interest-bearing		884,310			840,484
Total Deposits		938,159			890,906
FHLB advances		90,000			130,000
Secured borrowing		—			4,225
Subordinated debt		24,934			24,776
Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance		1,022			1,741
Accrued interest payable		572			728
Operating lease liabilities		1,830			2,671
Other liabilities		10,458			12,635
Total Liabilities		1,066,975			1,067,682
Commitments and Contingencies		—			—
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, NaN    issued		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 7,816,832    and 7,622,316 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at September    30, 2021 and 7,804,469 and 7,609,953 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at September 30, 2020		76			76
Additional paid-in-capital		85,524			85,127
Retained earnings		60,296			60,388
Unearned Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) shares		(901)			(1,047		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		36			(1,088		)
Treasury stock, at cost: 194,516 shares at September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively		(2,863)			(2,863		)
Total Shareholders’ Equity		142,168			140,593
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	1,209,143		$	1,208,275

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Interest and Dividend Income
Loans, including fees	$	36,370		$	41,441
Investment securities, taxable		1,449			1,048
Investment securities, tax-exempt		107			124
Dividends, restricted stock		459			631
Interest-bearing cash accounts		31			1,063
Total Interest and Dividend Income		38,416			44,307
Interest Expense
Deposits		6,748			12,846
Short-term borrowings		48			—
Long-term borrowings		2,029			2,898
Subordinated debt		1,531			1,531
Total Interest Expense		10,356			17,275
Net Interest Income		28,060			27,032
Provision for Loan Losses		11,176			10,610
Net Interest Income after Provision for Loan Losses		16,884			16,422
Other Income
Service charges and other fees		1,323			1,316
Rental income		217			217
Net gains on sale and call of available-for-sale securities		779			330
Net gains on sale of loans		788			116
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		656			509
Total Other Income		3,763			2,488
Other Expense
Salaries and employee benefits		9,143			8,889
Occupancy expense		2,198			2,309
Federal deposit insurance premium		313			155
Advertising		109			119
Data processing		1,267			1,105
Professional fees		3,178			1,995
Other real estate owned expense, net		866			88
Pennsylvania shares tax		678			678
Other operating expenses		3,199			2,964
Total Other Expenses		20,951			18,302
Income (Loss) before income tax expense		(304	)		608
Income tax benefit		(212	)		(36	)
Net Income (Loss)	$	(92	)	$	644
Earnings (loss) Per Common Share:
Basic	$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	0.08
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
Basic		7,537,408			7,597,528
Diluted		7,538,116			7,597,726

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Year Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2021			2020
Net Income (Loss)	$	(92	)	$	644
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax:
Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale    securities		950			320
Tax effect		(199	)		(67	)
Net of tax amount		751			253
Reclassification adjustment for net gains arising during the    period(1)		(779	)		(330	)
Tax effect		163			69
Net of tax amount		(616	)		(261	)
Adjustment for loss recorded on replacement of derivative		(9	)		31
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred    from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity(2)		4			3
Tax effect		(1	)		(1	)
Net of tax amount		3			2
Fair value adjustment on derivatives		1,258			(681	)
Tax effect		(263	)		137
Net of tax amount		995			(544	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		1,124			(519	)
Total comprehensive income	$	1,032		$	125

⁽¹⁾ Amounts are included in net gains on sale and call of available-for-sale securities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in total other income.

⁽²⁾ Amounts are included in interest and dividends on investment securities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Years Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Unearned ESOP Shares			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders’ Equity
	(In thousands, except share data)
Balance, October 1, 2019	$	78		$	84,783	$	59,744	$	(1,192	)	$	(569	)	$	(336	)	$	142,508
Net Income	—			—			644	—			—			—				644
Other comprehensive loss	—			—		—		—				(519	)	—				(519	)
Treasury stock activity		(2	)	—		—		—			—				(2,527	)		(2,529	)
Committed to be released ESOP    shares (14,400 shares)	—				91	—			145		—			—				236
Stock based compensation	—				253	—		—			—			—				253
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	76		$	85,127	$	60,388	$	(1,047	)	$	(1,088	)	$	(2,863	)	$	140,593
Net Loss	—			—			(92)	—			—			—				(92)
Other comprehensive income	—			—		—		—				1,124		—				1,124
Committed to be released ESOP    shares (14,400 shares)	—				102	—			146		—			—				248
Stock based compensation	—				295	—		—			—			—				295
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	76		$	85,524	$	60,296	$	(901	)	$	36		$	(2,863	)	$	142,168

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income (loss)	$	(92)		$	644
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense		630			745
Provision for loan losses		11,176			10,610
Deferred income taxes expense (benefit)		150			(840	)
ESOP expense		248			236
Stock based compensation		223			253
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities, net		184			215
Amortization of loan origination fees and costs		(304)			513
Amortization of mortgage service rights		28			67
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs		158			157
Net gain on sale and call of investment securities available for sale		(779	)		(330	)
Net loss on sale of fixed assets		—			4
Net gain on disposal of fixed assets		—			(45	)
Net gain on sale of secondary market loans		(788	)		(116	)
Proceeds on sale of secondary market loans		21,910			5,231
Originations of secondary market loans		(21,122	)		(5,115	)
Valuation write down of other real estate owned		835			—
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		(656	)		(509	)
Increase in accrued interest receivable		165			576
(Decrease) in accrued interest payable		(156	)		(250	)
Operating lease liability payments		(893	)		(667	)
Amortization of right of use asset		841			—
Change in fair value of equity securities		23			—
(Decrease) Increase in other liabilities		(360	)		6,761
(Decrease) Increase in other assets		3,335			(6,414	)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		14,756			11,726
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Purchases		(29,325	)		(30,146	)
Sales		17,297			8,901
Maturities, calls and principal repayments		2,178			8,378
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
Purchases		(24,336)			—
Maturities, calls and principal repayments		10,646			7,362
Net decrease (increase) in loans		79,841			(26,028	)
Purchase of bank-owned life insurance		—			(5,000	)
Net decrease in restricted stock		1,846			1,507
Proceeds from sales and disposals of property and equipment		42			—
Purchases of property and equipment		(175	)		(300	)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities		58,014			(35,326	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits		47,253			(62,905	)
Proceeds for long-term borrowings		300,000			25,000
Repayment of long-term borrowings		(340,000	)		(28,000	)
Repayment of other borrowed money		(4,225	)		(50	)
(Decrease) in advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance		(719	)		(20	)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock		72			—
Acquisition of treasury stock		—			(2,529	)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in)  Financing Activities		2,381			(68,504	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents		75,151			(92,104	)
Cash and Cash Equivalent – Beginning		61,439			153,543
Cash and Cash Equivalent – Ending	$	136,590		$	61,439
Supplementary Cash Flows Information
Interest paid	$	10,511		$	17,347
Non-cash transfer of loans to loans held for sale	$	33,199		$	—
Income taxes paid	$	2,372		$	1,477
Impact of ASC 842 adoption:
Right-of-use asset	$	—		$	3,279
Operating lease liability	$	—		$	3,279

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Organizational Structure and Nature of Operations

Malvern Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company” or “Malvern Bancorp”), a Pennsylvania corporation, is a registered bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “Holding Company Act”).�� Malvern Bancorp is the holding company for Malvern Bank, National Association (“Malvern Bank” or the “Bank”), a national bank that was originally organized in 1887 as a federally-chartered savings bank.  

The Company’s primary business is the ownership and operation of the Bank.  The Bank’s principal business consists of attracting deposits from businesses and the general public and investing those deposits, together with borrowings and funds generated from operations, in commercial and multi-family real estate loans, one- to four-family residential real estate loans, construction and development loans, commercial business loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and other consumer loans, as well as investing in investment securities. We also maintain a portfolio of investment securities, primarily comprised of corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, U.S. agency and bank qualified municipal obligations. Malvern Bank now serves as one of the oldest banks headquartered on the Philadelphia Main Line.  For more than a century, the Bank has been committed to helping people build prosperous communities as a trusted financial partner, forging lasting relationships through teamwork, respect and integrity.  

We derive substantially all of our income from our net interest income (i.e., the difference between the interest we receive on our loans and securities and the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings). The Bank’s revenues are derived principally from interest on loans and investment securities, loan commitment and customer service fees and our mortgage banking operation. Deposits serve as the primary source of funding for our interest-earning assets, but we also generate non-interest revenue through insufficient funds fees, stop payment fees, safe deposit rental fees, card income, including credit and debit card interchange fees, gift card fees, and other miscellaneous fees. In addition, the Bank generates additional non-interest revenue associated with residential loan origination and sale, back-to-back customer swaps, loan servicing, late fees and merchant services. The Bank’s primary expenses are interest expense on deposits and borrowings, provisions for loan losses and general operating expenses.

The Bank conducts business from its headquarters in Paoli, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, and through its nine other banking locations in Chester and Delaware counties, Pennsylvania, Morristown, New Jersey, its New Jersey regional headquarters and Palm Beach, Florida. The Bank also maintains representative offices in Wellington, Florida and Allentown, Pennsylvania.  The Bank’s primary market niche is providing personalized service to its client base.

The Bank has the following subsidiary interests:

• The Bank owns 100 percent of Malvern Insurance Associates, LLC (“Malvern Associates”), a Pennsylvania limited liability company.  Malvern Associates is a licensed insurance broker under Pennsylvania and New Jersey law.  

• Certain mortgage-backed securities of the Bank are held through Delaware statutory trusts, 5 percent of which are owned by the Bank and 95 percent of which are owned by Coastal Asset Management Co., a Delaware corporation which is wholly owned by the Bank.

• The Bank owns 100 percent of Joliet 55 LLC, an Illinois limited liability company which holds an other real estate owned (“OREO”) asset. 

• The Bank owns a 10 percent non-controlling interest in Bell Rock Capital, LLC (“Bell Rock”), an investment advisor registered with the SEC.  

• The Bank owns a 3.39 percent interest in Bankers Settlement Services Capital Region, LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability company which acts as a title insurance agent or agency.

The banking industry is highly regulated.  The Bank is supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”), and the Company is supervised by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB”).

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events and transactions that occur after the statement of financial condition as of September 30 ,2021 and through the date these consolidated financial statements are being issued for potential recognition and disclosure in the consolidated financial statements. The effect of all subsequent events that provide additional evidence of conditions that existed at the statement of financial condition date are recognized in the audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2021.  

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements at and for the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 include the accounts of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. During the quarter-ended September 30, 2021, the Company identified and corrected an immaterial error totaling approximately $350 thousand related to an adjustment to non-accrued interest on charged off loans.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term, including novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) related changes, are used in connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of the Company’s deferred tax assets and the fair value of financial instruments.

Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located within Chester County, Pennsylvania and Morris County, New Jersey. Our lending efforts are also focused in Bucks County, Montgomery County and Delaware County, which are also in southeastern Pennsylvania, as well as New Jersey and the New York metropolitan marketplace and Palm Beach Florida. Note 7 discusses the types of investment securities that the Company invests in.  Note 8 discusses the types of lending that the Company engages in. The Company does not have any significant concentrations to any one industry or customer. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is influenced by, among other factors, the region’s economy.  Significant concentration of commercial real estate-backed loans, amounting to 4.7% and 4.8% of total loans held for investment, as of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy.  In response to the crisis, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020.  The CARES Act provided an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief.  Under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and based upon regulatory guidance promulgated by federal banking regulators, qualifying short-term loan modifications resulting in payment deferrals that are attributable to the adverse impact of COVID-19, are not considered to be troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”).  Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

• Accounting for Loan Modifications – The CARES Act provides that a financial institution may elect to suspend (1) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a troubled debt restructure (“TDR”) and (2) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes.  The suspension is applicable for the term of the loan modification that occurs during the applicable period for a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The suspension is not applicable to any adverse impact on the credit of a borrower that is not related to the pandemic.

• Paycheck Protection Program – The CARES Act established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), an expansion of the Small Business Administration’s 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program (“EIDL”), administrated directly by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).

Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020).  Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

• Accounting for Loan Modifications – Loan modifications that do not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not need to be accounted for as a TDR.  The agencies confirmed with FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current prior to any relief are not TDRs.  This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payments.  Loan modifications were made in accordance with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions working with customers affected by COVID-19 and therefore were not classified as TDRs.

• Past Due Reporting – With regard to loans not otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due because of the deferral.  A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreements.  If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due during the period of the deferral.

• Nonaccrual Status and Charge-offs – During short-term COVID-19 modifications, these loans generally should not be reported as nonaccrual or as classified.

Risks and Uncertainties

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to evolve and mutate, including through its variants, and has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, local, national and global economic activity. Actions taken to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, localized quarantines, and government-mandated closures of certain businesses. While certain of these restrictions have been loosened, these same or new restrictions may be implemented again. Although vaccines for COVID-19 have largely been made available in the U.S., the ultimate efficacy of the vaccines will depend on various factors, including, without limitation, the number of people who receive the vaccines as well as the vaccines’ effectiveness against contracting and spreading COVID-19 and any of its existing or new variants. The spread of the outbreak has caused significant disruptions to the U.S. economy and has disrupted the financial industry and real estate markets in the areas in which the Company operates, and it may continue to do so.

On March 3, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the targeted federal funds interest rate range by 50 basis points to 1.00 percent to 1.25 percent. This range was further reduced to 0 percent to 0.25 percent on March 16, 2020, and as of September 30, 2021 the range was 0 percent to 0.25 percent. As mentioned in further detail in this Report, our net interest income is influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by such external factors as the monetary policy of the Federal Open Market Committee.  We are unable to predict changes in market interest rates, including the targeted federal funds interest rate, which are affected by many factors beyond our control.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted to, among other things, provide emergency assistance for individuals, families and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the CARES Act provided some relief to individuals, families and businesses, the negative impact of COVID-19 remains. These reductions in interest rates and other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in future periods. It is unknown how long the adverse conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic will last and what the complete financial effect will be to the Company. It is possible that estimates made in the financial statements could be materially and adversely impacted as a result of these conditions, including, without limitation, estimates regarding expected loan losses on loans receivable, market values of loans held-for-sale, and other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities.

On December 27, 2020, the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law. The $900 billion relief package includes legislation that extends certain relief provisions of the CARES Act that were set to expire on December 31, 2020. This new legislation extends this relief to the earlier of 60 days after the national emergency declared by the President is terminated or January 1, 2022.

-67-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from depository institutions and interest-bearing deposits.

The Company maintains cash deposits in other depository institutions that occasionally exceed the amount of deposit insurance available. Management periodically assesses the financial condition of these institutions and believes that the risk of any possible credit loss is minimal.

Generally, the Company is required to maintain average reserve balances in vault cash with the Federal Reserve Bank based upon outstanding balances of deposit transaction accounts. However, as announced on March 15, 2020, The Federal Reserve Board reduced reserve requirement ratios to 0 percent, effective March 26, 2020, in light of the shift to an ample reserves regime. This action eliminates the need for thousands of depository institutions to maintain balances in accounts at Reserve Banks to satisfy reserve requirements, thereby freeing up liquidity in the banking system to support lending to households and businesses. Therefore, at September 30, 2021, and 2020, there were 0 reserve requirements with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.  

Investment Securities  

Held-to-maturity (“HTM”) are securities that includes debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and the ability to hold to maturity. These securities are reported at amortized cost and adjusted for unamortized premiums and discounts. Securities held for trading are securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term; these securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in current earnings. At September 30, 2021, and 2020, the Company had 0 investment securities classified as trading. Equity investment securities, made up of mutual funds for Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) qualified investments, are stated at fair value with any changes in fair value reported in non-interest income. Debt securities that will be held for indefinite periods of time, including securities that may be sold in response to changes in market interest or prepayment rates, needs for liquidity and changes in the availability of and the yield of alternative investments, are classified as available for sale. Realized gains and losses are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. Securities held as available for sale are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Management determines the appropriate classification of investment securities at the time of purchase.

Securities are evaluated on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether declines in their value are other-than-temporary. To determine whether a loss in value is other-than-temporary, management utilizes criteria such as the reasons underlying the decline, the magnitude and duration of the decline and whether or not management intends to sell or expects that it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to an anticipated recovery of the fair value. The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value for a debt security is determined to be other-than-temporary, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security (the credit loss) and (b) the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors.  The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Loans Receivable

The Company, through the Bank, grants mortgage, construction, commercial and consumer loans to customers. Substantially all of our loans are to individuals, businesses and real estate developers in Chester County, Pennsylvania and neighboring areas in southern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and the New York metropolitan marketplace, Delaware and Florida markets. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon, among other factors, the real estate and general economic conditions in these areas.

-68-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees and costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.  Loan origination fees and costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) of the related loans using the interest method. The Company is amortizing these amounts over the contractual lives of the loans.  

The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into residential loans, construction and development loans, commercial loans and consumer loans. The residential loan segment has one class, one- to four-family first lien residential mortgage loans. The construction and development loan segment consists of the following classes: residential and commercial and land loans. Residential construction loans are made for the acquisition of and/or construction on a lot or lots on which a residential dwelling is to be built. Commercial construction loans are made for the purpose of acquiring, developing and constructing a commercial structure. The commercial loan segment consists of the following classes: commercial real estate loans, multi-family real estate loans, and other commercial loans, which are also generally known as commercial and industrial loans or commercial business loans. The consumer loan segment consists of the following classes: home equity lines of credit, second mortgage loans and other consumer loans, primarily unsecured consumer lines of credit.

For all classes of loans receivable, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collection of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Interest received on nonaccrual loans, including impaired loans, generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time (generally six months) and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.  The past due status of all classes of loans receivable is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments.  

In addition to originating loans, the Company purchases consumer and mortgage loans from brokers in our market area. Such purchases are reviewed for compliance with our underwriting criteria before they are purchased, and are generally purchased without recourse to the seller. Premiums and discounts on purchased loans are amortized as adjustments to interest income using the effective yield method.

Reserves for unfunded lending commitments represent management’s estimate of losses inherent in its unfunded loan commitments and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the consolidated statement of financial condition date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”, or “allowance”) is increased by the provision for loan losses and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of loans receivable are charged off to the allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment or collateral recovery of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. Non-residential consumer loans are generally charged off no later than when they become 120 days past due on a contractual basis or earlier in the event of the borrower’s bankruptcy or if there is an amount deemed uncollectible. Because all identified losses are generally charged off, no portion of the allowance for loan losses is restricted to any individual loan or groups of loans, and the entire allowance is available to absorb any and all loan losses.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably estimated. Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance. The allowance is based on the Company’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, the composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, a specific reserve is recognized when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class that are not considered impaired.  

These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates for each of these classes of loans, as adjusted for qualitative factors. These qualitative risk factors include:

1. Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.

2. National, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans.

3. The nature and volume of the loan portfolio and terms of loans.

4. The experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff.

5. The volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans as well as any other loan modifications.

6. The quality of the Company’s loan review system, and the degree of oversight by the Company’s Board of Directors.

7. The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations.

8. Value of underlying collateral.

9. A single calculation figure which is subsequently applied to the loan portfolio by loan type (commercial, residential and consumer) based upon the percent of each to total loans. It is derived from a review of peer group banks with similar asset size within the same general geographic area of the Bank.

The qualitative factors are applied to the historical loss rates for each class of loan. In addition, while not reported as a separate factor, changes in the value of underlying collateral (for regional property values) for collateral dependent loans is considered and addressed within the economic trends factor. A quarterly calculation is made adjusting the reserve allocation for each factor within a risk weighted range as it relates to each particular loan type, collateral type and risk rating within each segment. Data is gathered and evaluated through internal, regulatory, and government sources quarterly for each factor.

Another key assumption is the look-back period (“LEP”), which represents the historical data period utilized to calculate loss rates. We used 1 year for our LEP for all loan portfolio segments which encompasses our relevant loss experience.  

An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.  

In addition, the allowance calculation methodology includes further segregation of loan classes into risk rating categories. The borrower’s overall financial condition, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral, if appropriate, are evaluated annually for commercial loans or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments, for commercial and consumer loans. Credit quality risk ratings include categories of “pass,” “special mention,” “substandard” and “doubtful.” Assets classified as “pass” are those protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification as substandard or doubtful but possess certain identified weaknesses are required to be designated “special mention.” If uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects. An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.”

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Residential Lending.  Residential mortgage originations are secured primarily by properties located in the Company’s market area and surrounding areas. We currently originate fixed-rate, fully amortizing mortgage loans with maturities of 10 to 30 years. We also offer adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans where the interest rate either adjusts on an annual basis or is fixed for the initial one, three or seven years and then adjusts annually.  

We underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95 percent, provided that the borrower obtains private mortgage insurance on loans that exceed 80 percent of the appraised value or sales price, whichever is less, of the secured property. We also require that title insurance, hazard insurance and, if appropriate, flood insurance be maintained on all properties securing real estate loans. We require that a licensed appraiser from our list of approved appraisers perform and submit to us an appraisal on all properties secured by a first mortgage on one- to four-family first mortgage loans.

In underwriting one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, the Company evaluates both the borrower’s ability to make monthly payments and the value of the property securing the loan. Most properties securing real estate loans made by the Company are appraised by independent fee appraisers reviewed and approved by the Bank’s third-party appraisal management companies. The Company generally requires borrowers to obtain an attorney’s title opinion or title insurance, and fire and property insurance (including flood insurance, if necessary) in an amount not less than the amount of the loan. Real estate loans originated by the Company generally contain a “due on sale” clause allowing the Company to declare the unpaid principal balance due and payable upon the sale of the security property. The Company has not engaged in sub-prime residential mortgage loan originations. Our single-family residential mortgage loans generally are underwritten on terms and documentation conforming to guidelines issued by The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Company, or Freddie Mac, and The Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae.

Construction and Development Lending. We originate construction loans for residential and, to a lesser extent, commercial uses within our market area. We generally limit construction loans to builders and developers with whom we have an established relationship, or who are otherwise known to officers of the Bank. Our construction and development loans currently in our loan portfolio typically have variable rates of interest tied to the prime rate which improves the interest rate sensitivity of our loan portfolio.  

Construction and development loans generally are considered to involve a higher level of risk than one-to four-family residential lending, due to the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers and the effect of economic conditions on developers, builders and projects. Additional risk is also associated with construction lending because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both a property’s value at completion and the estimated cost (including interest) to complete a project. The nature of these loans is such that they are more difficult to evaluate and monitor. In addition, speculative construction loans to a builder are not pre-sold and thus pose a greater potential risk than construction loans to individuals on their personal residences.  In order to mitigate some of the risks inherent in construction lending, we inspect properties under construction, review construction progress prior to advancing funds, work with builders with whom we have established relationships, require annual updating of tax returns and other financial data of developers and obtain personal guarantees from the principals.  

Commercial Lending.  Commercial and multi-family real estate loans generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by one- to four-family residences. This greater risk is due to several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effect of general economic conditions on income producing properties and the increased difficulty of evaluating and monitoring these types of loans. Furthermore, the repayment of loans secured by commercial and multi-family real estate is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the related real estate project. If the cash flow from the project is reduced (for example, if leases are not obtained or renewed, or a bankruptcy court modifies a lease term, or a major tenant is unable to fulfill its lease obligations), the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired.

Most of the Company’s commercial business loans have been extended to finance local and regional businesses and include short-term loans to finance machinery and equipment purchases, inventory and accounts receivable. The commercial business loans which we originate may be either a revolving line of credit or for a fixed term of generally 10 years or less. Interest rates are adjustable, indexed to a published prime rate of interest, or fixed. Generally, equipment, machinery, real property or other corporate assets secure such loans. Personal guarantees from the business principals are generally obtained as additional collateral.  

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Consumer Lending. The Company currently originates most of its consumer loans in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The Company originates consumer loans on both a direct and indirect basis. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential mortgage loans; however, they have additional credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan or in some case the absence of collateral. We are continuing to evaluate and monitor the credit conditions of our consumer loan borrowers and the real estate values of the properties securing our second mortgage loans as part of our on-going efforts to assess the overall credit quality of the portfolio in connection with our review of the allowance for loan losses.

Consumer loans may entail greater credit risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans which are unsecured or are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles or recreational equipment. In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. In addition, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances.  Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.

Once all factor adjustments are applied, general reserve allocations for each segment are calculated, summarized and reported on the ALLL summary. ALLL final schedules, calculations and the resulting evaluation process are reviewed quarterly.

In addition, Federal bank regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance and may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Based on management’s comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio, management believes the current level of the allowance for loan losses is adequate.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, cash flow, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.  Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.  

A specific reserve is established for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value.  The estimated fair values of substantially all of the Company’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral.

For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value.  The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property.

For commercial and industrial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging or equipment appraisals or invoices.  Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets.

      Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous residential mortgage and consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual loans of this nature for impairment disclosures, unless such loans become impaired or are troubled and the subject of a restructuring agreement.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Loans whose terms are modified are classified as TDRs if the Company grants such borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring may be modified by means of extending the maturity date of the loan, reducing the interest rate on the loan to a rate which is below market, a combination of rate adjustments and maturity extensions, or by other means including covenant modifications, forbearances or other concessions. However, the Company generally only

restructures loans by modifying the payment structure to interest only or by reducing the actual interest rate, TDRs are considered impaired loans.

We do not accrue interest on loans that were non-accrual prior to the TDR until they have performed in accordance with their restructured terms for a period of at least six months. We continue to accrue interest on troubled debt restructurings which were performing in accordance with their terms prior to the restructure and continue to perform in accordance with their restructured terms. Management evaluates the ALLL with respect to TDRs under the same policy and guidelines as all other performing loans are evaluated with respect to the ALLL.

Loan Servicing

Servicing assets are recognized as separate assets when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. For sales of mortgage loans, a portion of the cost of originating the loan is allocated to the servicing right based on relative fair value.  Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. Capitalized servicing rights are reported in other assets and are amortized into other expense in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets.

Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost.  Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into tranches based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type.  Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual tranche, to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount for the tranche. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular tranche, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. The Company also sells loans in the secondary market with servicing released.

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of the previously established carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other expenses from OREO, included in the consolidated statement of operations.  

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock represents required investments in the common stock of a correspondent bank and is carried at cost. As of September 30, 2021, and 2020, restricted stock consists of the common stock of the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (“ACBB”).  

Management’s evaluation and determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on their assessment of the ultimate recoverability of their cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of an investment’s cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the significance of the decline in net assets of the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and ACBB as compared to the capital stock amount for the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and ACBB and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and ACBB to make payments required by law or

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and ACBB, and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and ACBB.

During the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, there were net repurchases of restricted stock of $1.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively. Also, as of September 30, 2021, and 2020, the number of outstanding restricted shares was 103,793 and 122,177, respectively. There were approximately $459,000 and $631,000 of dividends on restricted stock received or recognized in interest and dividend income for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is carried at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line and accelerated methods over estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 39 years beginning when assets are placed in service. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in income for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to income as incurred.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. The Company accounts for certain participation interests in commercial loans receivable (loan participation agreements) sold as a sale of financial assets pursuant to ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing.  Loan participation agreements that meet the sale criteria under ASC 860 are derecognized from the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at the time of transfer. If the transfer of loans subject to loan participation does not meet the sale criteria or participating interest criteria under ASC 860, the transfer is accounted for as a secured borrowing and the loan is not de-recognized and a participating liability is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Company invests in bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) as a source of funding for employee benefit expenses. BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by the Bank on a chosen group of employees.  The Bank is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. This life insurance investment is carried at the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. Earnings from the increase in cash surrender value of the policies are included in other income on the statements of operations.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Bank’s 401(k) plan allows eligible participants to set aside a certain percentage of their salaries before taxes. The Company may elect to match employee contributions up to a specified percentage of their respective salaries in an amount determined annually by the Board of Directors. The Company’s matching contribution related to the plan resulted in expenses of $77,000 and $131,000 for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company also maintains an unfunded Supplemental Executive and a Director Retirement Plan (together, the “Plans”).  The accrued amount for the Plans included in other liabilities was $709,000 and $784,000 at September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Distributions from the Plan for each of the fiscal years 2021 and 2020 were approximately $79,000 and $94,000, respectively. The expense associated with the Plans was $4,000 for each of the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.  

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company records cash flow hedges at the inception of the derivative contract based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge.  The Company documents the strategy for entering into the transactions and the method of assessing ongoing effectiveness. Cash flow hedges represent a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge that is effective, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as noninterest income.

Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in noninterest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged. To determine fair value, the Company uses third party pricing models that incorporate assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current at the reporting date.  The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitment is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.

When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as noninterest income. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.

The Company recognized $0 and $371,000 of net swap fees through the Bank’s commercial loan hedging program during fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Advertising Costs

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred.  Advertising expense was $109,000 and $119,000 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) and deferred tax liabilities (“DTLs”) are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. DTAs and DTLs are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on DTAs and DTLs of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. These calculations are based on many complex factors including estimates of the timing of reversals of temporary differences, the interpretation of federal income tax laws and a determination of the differences between the tax and the financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates and interpretations used in determining the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities.  

A valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is “more likely than not” that a portion of the DTAs will not be realized. The Company’s policy is to evaluate the DTA on a quarterly basis and record a valuation allowance for our DTA if we do not have sufficient positive evidence indicating that it is more likely than not that some or all of the DTA will be realized. The Company’s policy is to account for interest and penalties as components of income tax expense.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the statement of financial condition when they are funded.

Segment Information

The Company has 1 reportable segment, “Community Banking.” All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Company supports the others. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability of the Company to fund itself with deposits and other borrowings and manage interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Company as one segment or unit.

Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt securities, are reported as a separate component of the shareholders’ equity section of the statement of financial condition, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

For securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity, the Company records the amortization and/or accretion of unrealized holding losses on such investment securities, in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

The Company also records changes in the fair value of interest rate derivatives used in its cash flow hedging activities, net of deferred income tax, in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the previous year’s consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of our revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, investment securities, derivatives as well as revenue related to BOLI, sales of investment securities, rental income, and gain on sale of loans. Revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606, which are presented in our consolidated statements of operations as components of other income include certain fees such as credit card fee income, DDA service and fee income, and debit card fees.

Loans Held-For-Sale 

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on the consolidated statements of financial condition.  Gains and losses on loan sales (sales proceeds minus carrying value) are recorded in noninterest income, and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in other income upon sale of the loan.  Servicing is retained at the Bank for loans sold in the secondary market and are placed as a mortgage servicing asset on the consolidated statement of financial condition. At September 30, 2021, loans held-for-sale totaled approximately $33.2 million. There were 0 loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2020.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, management transferred 4 commercial real estate loans with aggregate fair value of $32.5 million from loans receivable held for investment to loans held for sale. In connection with the loans transfer, management recorded a charge off totaling $10.8 million that was included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2021. NaN of the four loans held for sale as of September 30, 2021 were subsequently sold in October 2021 with no additional valuation adjustments.  Other loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value. Fair value on these loans is determined based on the terms of the loan appraised value of loan collateral, such as interest rate, maturity date, reset term, as well as sales of similar assets.

Treasury stock 

The Company records common stock purchased for treasury at cost. At the date of subsequent reissue, the treasury stock account is reduced by the cost of such stock on the first-in, first-out basis.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with FASB ASC 842 - Leases. Most of our leases are recognized on the consolidated statement of financial condition by recording a right-of-use asset and lease liability for each lease. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the asset under lease for the lease term, and the lease liability represents the contractual obligation to make lease payments. The right-of-use asset is tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

As a lessee, the Company enters into operating leases for certain bank branches, office space, and office equipment. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the net present value of the remaining lease payments, which include renewal options where management is reasonably certain they will be exercised. The net present value is determined using the incremental borrowing rate based on the FHLB liquidity and funding rates at commencement date. The right-of-use asset is measured at the amount of the lease liability adjusted for any prepaid rent, lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use asset and lease liability is amortized over the individual lease terms. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to Be Adopted

Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848).  The guidance allows for companies to: (1) account for certain contract modifications as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis; (2) continue hedge accounting when certain critical terms of a hedging relationship change and assess effectiveness in ways that disregard certain potential sources of ineffectiveness; and (3) make a one-time sale and/or transfer of certain debt securities from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale or trading. This ASU is available for adoption by the Company and applies prospectively to contract modifications and hedging relationships. The one-time election to sell and/or transfer debt securities classified as held-to-maturity may be made at any time. The Company anticipates adopting this ASU and will continue to analyze the provisions of the ASU in connection with ongoing procedures to monitor the work of the Alternative Rates Committee of the FRB and Federal Reserve Bank of New York in identifying an alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rate. It is too early to predict a new rate index replacement, but we anticipate that it will be the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”).

Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). This ASU identifies, evaluates, and improves areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied currently will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, this ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration.  In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements, which provides guidance on accounting for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances and guidance on including recoveries when estimating the allowance. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Targeted Transition Relief, which allows entities with an option to elect fair value for certain instruments upon adoption of Topic 326. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  The Bank has a software system in place to assist with the calculation of Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”).  In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842) making this ASU effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. As such the Company would be required to implement the ASU on October 1, 2023. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which provides guidance on stakeholders’ specific issues about certain aspects of the amendments in ASU 2016-13.  The Company formed a cross functional implementation team to review the requirements of ASU 2016-13 and contracted with a third-party provider to assist in the development and implementation of the revised credit loss methodology. The impacts on the consolidated earnings, financial position and cash flows of the Company upon adoption of this ASU are currently unknown.  

Note 3 – Non-Interest Income

On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted the amendments of ASU 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. A significant amount of the Company’s revenues is derived from net interest income on financial assets and liabilities, which are excluded from the scope of the amended guidance. Some sources of revenue included within non-interest income fall within the scope of Topic 606, while other sources do not. The Company recognizes revenue when the performance obligations related to the transfer of goods or services under the terms of the contract are satisfied. Some obligations are satisfied at a point in time while others are satisfied over a period of time. Revenue is recognized as the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. When consideration includes a variable component, the amount of consideration attributable to variability is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that significant revenue recognized will not be reversed when uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Company’s contracts generally do not contain terms that require significant judgement to determine the variability impacting the transaction price. The Company has included the following table regarding the Company’s non-interest income for the periods presented.    

	Year Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2021		2020
Rental income	$	217	$	217
Net gains on sale and call of investments		779		330
Net gains on sale of loans		788		116
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		656		509
Non-interest income within the scope of other GAAP topics		2,440		1,172
ATM fees		13		10
Credit card fee income		22		21
DDA fee income		91		79
DDA service fees		90		76
Debit card fees		283		245
Other loan fee income		574		621
Other fee income		242		257
Other non-interest income		8		7
Non-interest income from contracts with customers	$	1,323	$	1,316
Total Non-interest Income	$	3,763	$	2,488

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 4 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding reduced by unearned Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) shares.  Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding and common stock equivalents (“CSEs”) that would arise from the exercise of dilutive securities reduced by unearned ESOP shares. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, the Company granted a total of 12,363 restricted shares, which are considered CSEs, and options to acquire a total of 7,000 shares of common stock were granted. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted a total of 22,211 restricted shares, which are considered CSEs, and options to acquire a total of 7,000 shares of common stock were granted.          

The following table sets forth the composition of the weighted average shares (denominator) used in the earnings per share computations.

	Year Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share data)	2021			2020
Net Income (loss)	$	(92)		$	644
Weighted average shares outstanding		7,616,151			7,690,675
Average unearned ESOP shares		(78,743	)		(93,147	)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		7,537,408			7,597,528
Plus: effect of dilutive options and restricted stock		708			198
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		7,538,116			7,597,726
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.01)		$	0.08
Diluted	$	(0.01)		$	0.08

Note 5 – Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company maintains an ESOP for substantially all of its full-time employees. The current ESOP trustee is Pentegra. Shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the ESOP are held until released for allocation to participants.  Shares released are allocated to each eligible participant based on the ratio of each such participant’s base compensation to the total base compensation of all eligible plan participants. As the unearned shares are committed to be released and allocated among participants, the Company recognizes compensation expense equal to the fair value of the ESOP shares during the periods in which they become committed to be released.  To the extent that the fair value of the ESOP shares released differs from the cost of such shares, the difference is charged or credited to additional paid-in capital.  During the period from May 20, 2008 to September 30, 2008, the ESOP purchased 241,178 shares of common stock for approximately $2.6 million, at an average price of $10.86 per share, which was funded by a loan from Malvern Federal Bancorp, Inc. (the Company’s predecessor).    The ESOP loan, which bears an interest rate of five percent, is being repaid in quarterly installments through 2026 principally from the Bank’s contributions to the ESOP.  Shares are released to participants proportionately as the ESOP loan is repaid. During each of the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, there were 14,400 shares committed to be released.  At September 30, 2021, there were 71,565 unallocated shares and 187,653 allocated shares held by the ESOP.  The unallocated shares had an aggregate fair value of approximately $1.2 million at September 30, 2021.

-79-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6 - Investment Securities

The Company’s investment securities are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at September 30, 2021, and 2020. Investment securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in equity, net of tax. Accordingly, the carrying value of such securities reflects their fair value at the balance sheet date. Fair value is based upon either quoted market prices, or in certain cases where there is limited activity in the market for a particular instrument, assumptions are made to determine their fair value. Held-to-maturity securities, which are carried at amortized cost, are investments where there is positive intent and ability to hold to maturity.  Equity securities are stated at fair value with any changes in fair value reported in non-interest income.

Transfers of debt securities from the available-for-sale category to the held-to-maturity category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity investment security. Premiums or discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method over the life of the security as an adjustment of yield. Unrealized holding gains or losses that remain in accumulated other comprehensive income are amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the security as an adjustment of yield, offsetting the related amortization of the premium or accretion of the discount.

The following tables present information related to the Company’s investment securities at September 30, 2021, and 2020.

	September 30, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. government agencies	$	5,000	$	—	$	(7	)	$	4,993
State and municipal obligations		2,767		1		(3	)		2,765
Single issuer trust preferred security		1,000		—		(125	)		875
Corporate debt securities		31,989		243		(52	)		32,180
Total	$	40,756	$	244	$	(187	)	$	40,813
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. government agencies	$	10,000	$	11	$	—		$	10,011
State and municipal obligations		6,062		104		(49	)		6,117
Corporate debt securities		3,383		224		—			3,607
Mortgage-backed securities:
Collateralized mortgage obligations, fixed-rate		9,062		129		(13	)		9,178
Total	$	28,507	$	468	$	(62	)	$	28,913
Equity Securities
Mutual funds		1,500		—		—			1,500
Total Mutual funds		1,500		—		—			1,500
								$
Total investment securities	$	70,763	$	712	$	(249	)	$	71,226

-80-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6 - Investment Securities (Continued)

	September 30, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. government agencies	$	5,025	$	15	$	—		$	5,040
State and municipal obligations		3,101		4		—			3,105
Single issuer trust preferred security		1,000		—		(75	)		925
Corporate debt securities		21,009		182		(243	)		20,948
Total	$	30,135	$	201	$	(318	)	$	30,018
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
State and municipal obligations		1,794		129		—			1,923
Corporate debt securities		3,498		260		—			3,758
Mortgage-backed securities:
Collateralized mortgage obligations, fixed-rate		9,678		249		—			9,927
Total	$	14,970	$	638	$	—		$	15,608
Equity Securities
Mutual funds		1,523		—		—			1,523
Total		1,523		—		—			1,523
Total investment securities	$	46,628	$	839	$	(318	)	$	47,149

For fiscal year 2021, proceeds of available-for-sale investment securities sold amounted to approximately $17.3 million. During the same period, $2.2 million of available-for-sale investment securities and $10.6 million of held-to-maturity investment securities were called and matured. There were gains of approximately $779,000 associated with these sales and calls. For fiscal year 2020, proceeds of available-for-sale investment securities sold amounted to approximately $8.9 million. During the same period, $7.4 million of available-for-sale investment securities and 0 held-to-maturity investment securities were called. There were gains of approximately $ 330,000 associated with these sales and calls.     

The varying amount of sales from the available-for-sale portfolio over the past few years reflect the significant volatility present in the market. Given the historic low interest rates prevalent in the market, it is necessary for the Company to protect itself from interest rate exposure. Securities that once appeared to be sound investments can, after changes in the market, become securities that the Company has the flexibility to sell to avoid losses and mismatches of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities at a later time.

The following tables indicate gross unrealized losses not recognized in income and fair value, aggregated by investment category and the length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021, and 2020.

	September 30, 2021
	Less than 12 Months					More than 12 Months					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(In thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. government agencies	$	4,993	$	(7	)	$	—	$	—		$	4,993	$	(7	)
State and municipal obligations		1,819		(3	)		—		—			1,819		(3	)
Single issuer trust preferred security		—		—			875		(125	)		875		(125	)
Corporate debt securities		8,475		(25	)		2,973		(27	)		11,448		(52	)
Total	$	15,287	$	(35	)	$	3,848	$	(152	)	$	19,135	$	(187	)

-81-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6 - Investment Securities (Continued)

	September 30, 2020
	Less than 12 Months					More than 12 Months					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(In thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Single issuer trust preferred security	$	—	$	—		$	925	$	(75	)	$	925	$	(75	)
Corporate debt securities		4,426		(74	)		3,330		(169	)		7,756		(243	)
Total investment securities	$	4,426	$	(74	)	$	4,255	$	(244	)	$	8,681	$	(318	)

As of September 30, 2021, the estimated fair value of the securities disclosed above was primarily dependent upon the movement in market interest rates, particularly given the inherent credit risk associated with these securities. These investment securities are comprised of securities that are rated investment grade by at least one bond credit rating service. Although the fair value will fluctuate as the market interest rates move, management believes that these fair values will recover as the underlying portfolios mature and are reinvested in market rate yielding investments. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held 5 corporate securities, 2 state and municipal obligations, 1 single issuer trust preferred security, 1 US agency security, and 1 mortgage-backed security that was in an unrealized loss position. As of September 30, 2020, the Company held 5 corporate securities, and 1 single issuer trust preferred security that was in an unrealized loss position. The Company does not intend to sell and expects that it is not more likely than not that it will not be required to sell these securities until such time as the value recovers or the securities mature. Management does not believe any individual unrealized loss as of September 30, 2021, represents other-than-temporary impairment.

Investment securities having a carrying value of approximately $2.9 million and $4.6 million at September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits. At September 30, 2021, and 2020, 0 investment securities were pledged to secure hedges. In addition, 0 investment securities were pledged to secure short-term borrowings of FHLB borrowings at September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020.  

-82-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6 - Investment Securities (Continued)

The following table presents information for investment securities at September 30, 2021, based on scheduled maturities. Actual maturities can be expected to differ from scheduled maturities due to prepayment or early call options of the issuer.

	September 30, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		4,445		4,434
Due after five years through ten years		27,989		28,069
Due after ten years		8,322		8,310
Total	$	40,756	$	40,813
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		4,474		4,764
Due after five years through ten years		5,666		5,712
Due after ten years		9,304		9,259
Mortgage-backed securities:
Collateralized mortgage obligations, fixed-rate		9,063		9,178
Total	$	28,507	$	28,913
Equity Securities
Mutual funds
Due in one year or less	$	500	$	500
Due after five years through ten years		1,000		1,000
Total		1,500		1,500
Total investment securities	$	70,763	$	71,226

-83-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable in the Company’s portfolio, excluding loans held-for-sale, consisted of the following at the dates indicated:

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	198,710		$	242,090
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		61,492			65,703
Land		2,204			3,110
Total Construction and Development		63,696			68,813
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		426,915			495,398
Farmland		10,297			7,517
Multi-family		66,332			67,767
Commercial and industrial		115,246			116,584
Other		10,954			10,142
Total Commercial		629,744			697,408
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		13,491			17,128
Second mortgages		5,884			10,711
Other		2,299			2,851
Total Consumer		21,674			30,690
Total loans		913,824			1,039,001
Deferred loan fees and cost, net		629			326
Allowance for loan losses		(11,472	)		(12,433	)
Total loans receivable, net	$	902,981		$	1,026,894

There were 0 PPP loans included in commercial and industrial loans at September 30, 2021, compared to $20.8 million of PPP loans and the net deferred loan fees related to the PPP loans of $609,000 at September 30, 2020.

-84-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table summarizes the primary classes of the allowance for loan losses, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of and for the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020. 

	Year Ended September 30, 2021
			Construction and Development				Commercial													Consumer
	Residential Mortgage		Residential and Commercial		Land		Commercial Real Estate			Farmland		Multi- family			Commercial and Industrial			Other			Home Equity Lines of Credit			Second Mortgages			Other			Unallocated		Total
	(In thousands)
Allowance for    loan losses:
Beginning    balance	$	1,667	$	465	$	23	$	8,682		$	47	$	511		$	578		$	51		$	130		$	196		$	29		$	54	$	12,433
Charge-offs		—		—		—		(11,930	)		—		—			(379	)		—			—			—			(4	)		—		(12,313	)
Recoveries		41		4		—		1			—		—			2			—			17			108			2			—		176
Provisions		(774)		(41)		(8)		10,290			9		(61	)		2,020			3			(71	)		(217	)		(7)			34		11,176
Ending Balance	$	934	$	428	$	15	$	7,043		$	56	$	450		$	2,221		$	54		$	76		$	87		$	20		$	88	$	11,472
Ending balance:    individually    evaluated    for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18		$	—	$	—		$	1,488		$	—		$	—		$	38		$	—		$	—	$	1,544
Ending balance:    collectively    evaluated for    impairment	$	934	$	428	$	15	$	7,025		$	56	$	450		$	733		$	54		$	76		$	49		$	20		$	88	$	9,928
Loans    receivable:
Ending balance	$	198,710	$	61,492	$	2,204	$	426,915		$	10,297	$	66,332		$	115,246		$	10,954		$	13,491		$	5,884		$	2,299				$	913,824
Ending balance:    individually    evaluated for    impairment	$	��	$	—	$	—	$	286		$	—	$	—		$	2,517		$	—		$	—		$	102		$	—				$	2,905
Ending balance:    collectively    evaluated for    impairment	$	198,710	$	61,492	$	2,204	$	426,629		$	10,297	$	66,332		$	112,729		$	10,954		$	13,491		$	5,782		$	2,299				$	910,919

-85-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

	Year Ended September 30, 2020
			Construction and Development					Commercial													Consumer
	Residential Mortgage		Residential and Commercial			Land		Commercial Real Estate			Farmland			Multi- family		Commercial and Industrial			Other		Home Equity Lines of Credit			Second Mortgages			Other			Unallocated			Total
	(In thousands)
Allowance for    loan losses:
Beginning    balance	$	1,364	$	523		$	20	$	5,903		$	49		$	369	$	615		$	21	$	122		$	267		$	23		$	819		$	10,095
Charge-offs		—		—			—		(8,330	)		—			—		—			—		(62	)		(3	)		(1	)		—			(8,396	)
Recoveries		25		—			—		6			—			—		2			—		1			88			2			—			124
Provisions		278		(58	)		3		11,103			(2	)		142		(39	)		30		69			(156	)		5			(765	)		10,610
Ending Balance	$	1,667	$	465		$	23	$	8,682		$	47		$	511	$	578		$	51	$	130		$	196		$	29		$	54		$	12,433
Ending balance:    individually    evaluated    for impairment	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	227		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	81		$	—		$	—		$	308
Ending balance:    collectively    evaluated for    impairment	$	1,667	$	465		$	23	$	8,455		$	47		$	511	$	578		$	51	$	130		$	115		$	29		$	54		$	12,125
Loans    receivable:
Ending balance	$	242,090	$	65,703		$	3,110	$	495,398		$	7,517		$	67,767	$	116,584		$	10,142	$	17,128		$	10,711		$	2,851					$	1,039,001
Ending balance:    individually    evaluated for    impairment	$	3,388	$	—		$	—	$	25,926		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	26		$	882		$	—					$	30,222
Ending balance:    collectively    evaluated for    impairment	$	238,702	$	65,703		$	3,110	$	469,472		$	7,517		$	67,767	$	116,584		$	10,142	$	17,102		$	9,829		$	2,851					$	1,008,779

-86-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

In assessing the adequacy of the ALLL, it is recognized that the process, methodology and underlying assumptions require a significant degree of judgment and uncertainty. The estimation of loan losses is not precise; the range of factors considered is wide and is significantly dependent upon management’s judgment, including the outlook and potential changes in the economic environment.  At present, components of the commercial loan segments of the portfolio are new originations and the associated volumes continue to see increased growth.  At the same time, historical loss levels have decreased as factors in assessing the portfolio.  Any unallocated portion of the allowance reflects management’s estimate of probable inherent but undetected losses within the portfolio due to uncertainties in economic conditions, delays in obtaining information, including unfavorable information about a borrower’s financial condition, the difficulty in identifying triggering events that correlate perfectly to subsequent loss rates, and risk factors that have not yet manifested themselves in loss allocation factors.

The impaired loans with no specific allowance increased from $29.4 million at September 30, 2020 to $39.7 million at September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to 2 performing commercial real estate loans totaling $11.4 million that are deemed impaired with no specific allowance . The following table presents impaired loans in the portfolio by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of September 30, 2021, and 2020.

-87-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

	Impaired Loans With Specific Allowance				Impaired Loans With No Specific Allowance		Total Impaired Loans
	Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021:
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	2,594	$	2,594	$	2,766
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		286		18		33,543		33,829		33,368
Farmland		—		—		2,254		2,254		2,254
Commercial and industrial		2,517		1,488		630		3,147		3,584
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		—		—		23		23		28
Second mortgages		102		38		696		798		874
Total impaired loans	$	2,905	$	1,544	$	39,740	$	42,645	$	42,874
September 30, 2020:
Residential mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	3,388	$	3,388	$	3,598
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		676		227		25,250		25,926		36,945
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		—		—		26		26		30
Second mortgages		101		81		781		882		949
Total impaired loans	$	777	$	308	$	29,445	$	30,222	$	41,522

-88-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans in the portfolio and related interest income recognized for the years ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.

	Average Impaired Loans		Interest Income Recognized on Impaired Loans
	(In thousands)
Year Ended September 30, 2021:
Residential mortgages	$	3,305	$	82
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		32,812		556
Farmland		1,814		70
Commercial and industrial		951		17
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		48		—
Second mortgages		720		6
Total	$	39,650	$	731
Year Ended September 30, 2020:
Residential mortgages	$	3,506	$	86
Consumer:		—		—
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		14,209		235
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		28		—
Second mortgages		858		6
Total	$	18,601	$	327

No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans.

-89-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by loans considered to be rated as pass and the categories of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system as of September 30, 2021, and 2020.

	September 30, 2021
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	195,658	$	—	$	3,052	$	—	$	198,710
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		61,492		—		—		—		61,492
Land		2,204		—		—		—		2,204
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		376,721		48,705		1,489		—		426,915
Farmland		8,043		—		2,254		—		10,297
Multi-family		57,052		9,280		—		—		66,332
Commercial and industrial		106,910		—		8,336		—		115,246
Other		10,954		—		—		—		10,954
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		13,390		—		101		—		13,491
Second mortgages		4,908		68		908		—		5,884
Other		2,299		—		—		—		2,299
Total	$	839,631	$	58,053	$	16,140	$	—	$	913,824

	September 30, 2020
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	238,610	$	—	$	3,480	$	—	$	242,090
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		65,703		—		—		—		65,703
Land		3,110		—		—		—		3,110
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		422,143		46,892		26,363		—		495,398
Farmland		7,517		—		—		—		7,517
Multi-family		58,285		9,482		—		—		67,767
Commercial and industrial		110,099		6,368		117		—		116,584
Other		10,142		—		—		—		10,142
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		16,969		—		159		—		17,128
Second mortgages		9,573		76		1,062		—		10,711
Other		2,851		—		—		—		2,851
Total	$	945,002	$	62,818	$	31,181	$	—	$	1,039,001

-90-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table presents loans on which we are no longer accruing interest by portfolio class at the dates indicated.

	September 30,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	879	$	2,036
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		—		14,414
Commercial and industrial		2,517		—
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		23		26
Second mortgages		278		254
Other		—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	3,697	$	16,730

Under the Bank’s loan policy, once a loan has been placed on non-accrual status, we do not resume interest accruals until the loan has been brought current and has maintained a current payment status for not less than six consecutive months. Total non-accrual loans exclude loans held-for-sale. Total non-accrual loans decreased from $16.7 million at September 2020 to $3.7 million as of September 30, 2021. The decrease in non-accrual loans was primarily due to 1 commercial real estate loans totaling $6.6 million returning to accrual status as of September 30,2021 and 1 commercial real estate loan $7.5 million transferred to loans held-for-sale for period ending September 30, 2021. Interest income that would have been recognized on nonaccrual loans had they been current in accordance with their original terms was approximately $1.2 million for fiscal year 2021 and $425,000 for 2020. At September 30, 2021 there were 0 loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest compared to approximately $58,000 at September 30, 2020.

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by whether a loan payment is “current,” that is, it is received from a borrower by the scheduled due date, or the length of time a scheduled payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans Receivable		Accruing 90 Days or More Past Due
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021:
Residential mortgage	$	197,062	$	796	$	241	$	611	$	1,648	$	198,710	$	—
Construction and Development:
Residential and    commercial		61,492		—		—		—		—		61,492		—
Land		2,204		—		—		—		—		2,204		—
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		426,915		—		—		—		—		426,915		—
Farmland		10,297		—		—		—		—		10,297		—
Multi-family		66,332		—		—		—		—		66,332		—
Commercial and industrial		115,246		—		—		—		—		115,246		—
Other		10,954		—		—		—		—		10,954		—
Consumer:
Home equity lines of    credit		13,394		97		—		—		97		13,491		—
Second mortgages		5,697		4		83		100		187		5,884		—
Other		2,296		3		—		—		3		2,299		—
Total	$	911,889	$	900	$	324	$	711	$	1,935	$	913,824	$	—

-91-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans Receivable		Accruing 90 Days or More Past Due
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2020:
Residential mortgage	$	239,623	$	68	$	694	$	1,705	$	2,467	$	242,090	$	—
Construction and Development:
Residential and    commercial		65,703		—		—		—		—		65,703		—
Land		3,110		—		—		—		—		3,110		—
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		495,087		—		—		311		311		495,398		—
Farmland		7,517		—		—		—		—		7,517		—
Multi-family		67,767		—		—		—		—		67,767		—
Commercial and industrial		116,584		—		—		—		—		116,584		—
Other		10,142		—		—		—		—		10,142		—
Consumer:
Home equity lines of    credit		17,080		—		—		48		48		17,128		48
Second mortgages		10,325		157		33		196		386		10,711		10
Other		2,850		—		1		—		1		2,851		—
Total	$	1,035,788	$	225	$	728	$	2,260	$	3,213	$	1,039,001	$	58

Restructured loans deemed to be TDRs are typically the result of extension of the loan maturity date or a reduction of the interest rate of the loan to a rate that is below market, a combination of rate and maturity extension, or by other means including covenant modifications, forbearance and other concessions. However, the Company generally only restructures loans by modifying the payment structure to require payments of interest only for a specified period or by reducing the actual interest rate. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR during the term of the restructure.

The Company had 26 loans classified as TDRs with an aggregate outstanding balance of $18.2 million and $21.7 million at September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2021, these loans were also classified as impaired. 22 of the TDR loans continue to perform under the restructured terms through September 30, 2021, and we continued to accrue interest on such loan through such date.  

The decrease in TDRs at September 30, 2021 compared to September 30, 2020 was primarily due to a write down of $5.7 million on two commercial real estate loans that were transferred to held-for-sale, partially offset by the addition of one commercial loan secured by farmland totaling approximately $2.3 million.         

Loans that have been classified as TDRs have modified payment terms and in some cases modified interest rates from the original loan agreements and allow the borrowers, who were experiencing financial difficulty, to relieve some of their overall cash flow burden, including but not limited to making interest only payments for a period of time. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as modified, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall estimate of the allowance for loan losses. The level of any defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. A default on a troubled debt restructured loan occurs when the borrower is 90 days past due or a foreclosure or repossession of the applicable collateral has occurred.  

-92-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

Due to financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, TDRs may arise where the Company obtains through physical possession one or more collateral assets in satisfaction of all or part of an existing credit. Once possession is obtained, the Company reclassifies the appropriate portion of the remaining balance of the credit from loans to OREO, which is included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. For any residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, the Company is considered to possess the related collateral only if legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure, or the borrower conveys all interest in the residential real estate property to the Company through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. Excluding OREO, the Company had $185,000 and $175,000 of residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

	Total Troubled Debt Restructurings				Troubled Debt Restructured Loans That Have Defaulted on Modified Terms Within The Past 12 Months
	Number of Loans		Recorded Investment		Number of Loans		Recorded Investment
	(In thousands)
At September 30, 2021:
Residential mortgage		16	$	3,180		4	$	640
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		5		12,180		—		—
Farmland		1		2,254		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1		549		—		—
Consumer
Second mortgages		3		78		—		—
Total		26	$	18,241		4	$	640
At September 30, 2020:
Residential mortgage		17	$	3,435		7	$	1,617
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		5		18,091		1		6,652
Consumer
Second mortgages		4		161		—		—
Total		26	$	21,687		8	$	8,269

The following table reports the performing status of all TDR loans. The performing status is determined by the loan’s compliance with the modified terms.

	September 30,
	2021				2020
	Performing		Non- Performing		Performing		Non- Performing
	(In thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	2,540	$	640	$	1,818	$	1,617
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		12,180		—		11,439		6,652
Farmland		2,254		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		549		—		—		—
Consumer
Second mortgages		78		—		161		—
Total	$	17,601	$	640	$	13,418	$	8,269

-93-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table shows the new TDRs for the twelve months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.

	September 30,
	2021						2020
	Restructured During Period
	Number of Loans		Pre- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investments		Post- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investments		Number of Loans		Pre- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investments		Post- Modifications Outstanding Recorded Investments
	(In thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
Residential mortgage		—	$	—	$	—		1	$	207	$	203
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		2		10,930		10,926
Farmland		1		2,287		2,287		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1		549		549		—		—		—
Total		2	$	2,803	$	2,803		3	$	11,137	$	11,129

The following table sets forth the aggregate dollar amount of loans to principal officers, directors and their affiliates in the normal course of business of the Company.

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year	$	13,733		$	12,478
New loans		2,792			2,073
Repayments		(4,604	)		(818	)
Balance at end of year	$	11,921		$	13,733

At September 30, 2021, and 2020, the Company was servicing loans for the benefit of others in the amounts of $13.1 million and $20.1 million, respectively.  A summary of mortgage servicing rights included within other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition and the activity therein follows for the periods indicated:

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year	$	111		$	178
Amortization		(28	)		(67	)
Balance at end of year	$	83		$	111

For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of servicing rights was determined using a base discount rate between 10.5 percent and 11.5 percent. The fair market value is evaluated by a third-party vendor on a quarterly basis for impairment purposes only.  For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, we sold $21.9 million of long-term, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans with servicing released. This transaction resulted in a gain of $788,000. For the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company only sold loans with servicing released.  For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, we sold $5.2 million of long-term, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans with servicing released. This transaction resulted in a gain of $116,000. For the year ended September 30, 2020, the Company only sold loans with servicing released. NaN valuation allowance on servicing rights has been recorded at September 30, 2021, or 2020.

Under Section 4013 of the CARES Act, and separately based upon regulatory guidance promulgated by federal banking regulators (collectively, the “Interagency Statement”), qualifying short-term loan modifications resulting in payment deferrals that are attributable to the adverse impact of COVID-19 are not considered to be troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). As such, the applicable loans are reported as current with regard to payment status and continue to accrue interest during the payment deferral period. At September 30, 2021, the Company had 8 COVID-19 related modified loans totaling approximately $61.2 million. At September 30, 2020, the Company had 43 COVID-19 related modified loans totaling approximately $144.8 million.  

-94-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 - Loans Receivable and Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following tables set forth the composition of these loans by loan segments as of September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	September 30, 2021
	Number of Loans		Loan Modification Exposure		Gross Loans September 30, 2021		Percentage of Gross Loans Modified
			(Dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage		2	$	667	$	198,710		0.07	%
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		-		-		61,492		0.00	%
Land loans		-		-		2,204		0.00	%
Total Construction and Development		-		-		63,696		0.00	%
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		6		60,567		426,915		6.63	%
Farmland		-		-		10,297		0.00	%
Multi-family		-		-		66,332		0.00	%
Commercial and industrial		-		-		115,246		0.00	%
Other		-		-		10,954		0.00	%
Total Commercial		6		60,567		629,744		6.63	%
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		-		-		13,491		0.00	%
Second mortgages		-		-		5,884		0.00	%
Other		-		-		2,299		0.00	%
Total Consumer		-		-		21,674		0.00	%
Total loans		8	$	61,234	$	913,824		6.70	%
	September 30, 2020
	Number of Loans		Loan Modified Exposure		Gross Loans September 30, 2020		Percentage of Gross Loans Modified
			(Dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage		5	$	1,288	$	242,090		0.12	%
Construction and Development:
Residential and commercial		-		-		65,703		0.00	%
Land loans		-		-		3,110		0.00	%
Total Construction and Development		-		-		68,813		0.00	%
Commercial:
Commercial real estate		21		131,348		495,398		12.65	%
Farmland		1		2,288		7,517		0.22	%
Multi-family		2		3,718		67,767		0.36	%
Commercial and industrial		10		5,547		116,584		0.53	%
Other		-		-		10,142		0.00	%
Total Commercial		34		142,901		697,408		13.75	%
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		3		579		17,128		0.06	%
Second mortgages		1		17		10,711		0.00	%
Other		-		-		2,851		0.00	%
Total Consumer		4		596		30,690		0.06	%
Total loans		43	$	144,785	$	1,039,001		13.94	%

-95-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 8 - Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following at September 30, 2021 and 2020:

			September 30,
	Estimated Useful Life (years)		2021			2020
			(In thousands)
Land		—	$	706		$	707
Building and improvements	10-39			11,992			11,909
Construction in process		—		5			6
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3-7			5,904			5,852
				18,607			18,474
Accumulated depreciation				(12,830	)		(12,200	)
			$	5,777		$	6,274

Depreciation expense was approximately $630,000 and $745,000 for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Note 9 - Deposits

Deposits classified by interest rates with percentages to total deposits at September 30, 2021 and 2020 consisted of the following:

	September 30,
	2021					2020
	Amount		Percent of Total Deposits			Amount		Percent of Total Deposits
	(In thousands)
Balances by types of deposit:
Savings	$	50,582		5.39	%	$	45,072		5.06	%
Money market accounts		385,480		41.09			277,711		31.17
Interest bearing demand		336,645		35.88			303,682		34.09
Non-interest bearing demand		53,849		5.74			50,422		5.66
		826,556		88.10			676,887		75.98
Certificates of deposit		111,603		11.90			214,019		24.02
Total	$	938,159		100.00	%	$	890,906		100.00	%

The total amount of certificates of deposit of $250,000 and greater at September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $16.5 million and $48.2 million, respectively. We had brokered deposits totaling $6.1 million and $31.1 million at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

-96-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 9 - Deposits (Continued)

Interest expense on deposits consisted of the following for the years:

	September 30,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Savings accounts	$	59	$	51
Money market accounts		1,726		4,010
Interest bearing demand		2,681		3,523
Certificates of deposit		2,282		5,262
Total deposits	$	6,748	$	12,846

The following is a schedule of certificates of deposit maturities.

	September 30, 2021
	(In thousands)
Maturing in the Fiscal Year Ending September 30,
2022	$	58,172
2023		21,234
2024		17,928
2025		6,319
2026		7,160
Thereafter		790
	$	111,603

Deposits from related parties held by the Company at September 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $43.2 million and $35.9 million, respectively.  

Note 10 - Borrowings

Under terms of its collateral agreement with the FHLB, the Company maintains otherwise unencumbered qualifying assets in an amount at least equal to its borrowings.

Under an agreement with the FHLB, the Company has a line of credit available in the amount of $150.0 million, of which there was 0 balance outstanding at September 30, 2021 or 2020.  The interest rate on the line of credit at September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 0.29 percent and 0.39 percent, respectively.      

The summary of long-term borrowings as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

	September 30,
	2021					2020
			Weighted Average					Weighted Average
	Amount		Rate			Amount		Rate
	(In thousands)
Due by September 30:
2021	$	—		—		$	110,000		0.76
2022		90,000		0.76			20,000		2.29
Total FHLB Advances	$	90,000		0.76	%	$	130,000		0.99	%

-97-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 10 - Borrowings (Continued)

At September 30, 2021, the Company had $90.0 million in outstanding long-term fixed rate FHLB advances and $376.6 million in potential FHLB advances available to us, which is based on the amount of FHLB stock held or levels of other assets, including U.S. government securities, and certain mortgage loans which are available for collateral.

During both fiscal year 2021 and 2020, the Company did 0t purchase any securities sold under agreements to repurchase as a short-term funding source. The Company had no secured borrowing agreements with a third party at September 30, 2021 compared to two loans totaling $4.2 million at September 30, 2020. Subsequent to September 30, 2020, the one loan participation agreement was extinguished and was no longer a secured borrowing.  

Note 11 - Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions.  The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments.  Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the payment of future uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.  Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. 

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. At September 30, 2021, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with FHLB advances.  

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates approximately $182,000 to be reclassified to earnings in interest expense. The Company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions over a maximum period of twenty months (excluding forecasted transactions related to the payment of variable interest on existing financial instruments).

The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.  These derivatives are not designated as hedges and are not speculative.  Rather, these derivatives result from a service the Company provides to certain customers, which the Company implemented during the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. 

-98-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 11 - Derivatives (Continued)

The tables below present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	September 30, 2021
	Asset derivatives					Liability derivatives
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Statement of Financial Condition Location	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Statement of Financial Condition Location
	(In thousands)
Derivatives designated as a hedging    instrument:
Interest rate swap agreement	$	40,000	$	14	Other assets	$	30,000	$	47	Other liabilities
Derivatives not designated as a hedging    instrument:
Interest rate swap agreement	$	44,748	$	4,671	Other assets	$	44,748	$	4,673	Other liabilities

	September 30, 2020
	Asset derivatives					Liability derivatives
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Statement of Financial Condition Location	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Statement of Financial Condition Location
	(In thousands)
Derivatives designated as a hedging    instrument:
Interest rate swap agreement	$	—	$	—	Other assets	$	90,000	$	1,291	Other liabilities
Derivatives not designated as a hedging    instrument:
Interest rate swap agreement	$	45,162	$	8,752	Other assets	$	45,162	$	8,756	Other liabilities

Offsetting of Derivative Assets	(In thousands)
as of September 30, 2021
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements of Financial Condition
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Derivatives	$	4,685	$	—	$	4,685	$	—	$	—	$	4,685

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(In thousands)
as of September 30, 2021
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements of Financial Condition
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Statement of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Posted		Net Amount
Derivatives	$	4,720	$	—	$	4,720	$	221	$	8,257	$	(3,758	)

-99-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 11 - Derivatives (Continued)

Offsetting of Derivative Assets	(In thousands)
as of September 30, 2020
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements of Financial Condition
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Derivatives	$	8,752	$	—	$	8,752	$	—	$	—	$	8,752

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(In thousands)
as of September 30, 2020
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements of Financial Condition
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Statement of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Posted		Net Amount
Derivatives	$	10,047	$	—	$	10,047	$	1,498	$	12,857	$	(4,308	)

The tables below present the net gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and the Consolidated Statements of Operations relating to the cash flow derivative instruments for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

	For the Year Ended September 30, 2021
	Amount of Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative		Amount of Loss Reclassified from OCI to Interest Expense
	(In thousands)
Interest rate swap agreements	$	255	$	(995	)
Total derivatives	$	255	$	(995	)

	For the Year Ended September 30, 2020
	Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative			Amount of Gain Reclassified from OCI to Interest Expense
	(In thousands)
Interest rate swap agreements	$	(1,088	)	$	(437	)
Total derivatives	$	(1,088	)	$	(437	)

-100-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 11 - Derivatives (Continued)

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

	For the Year Ended September 30, 2021
	Consolidated Statements of Operations	Amount of Loss Recognized in Income on derivatives
	(In thousands)
Derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate swap agreement	Other income	$	2
Total		$	2

	For the Year Ended September 30, 2020
	Consolidated Statements of Operations	Amount of Loss Recognized in Income on derivatives
	(In thousands)
Derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument:
Interest rate swap agreement	Other income	$	(6	)
Total		$	(6	)

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

At September 30, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of derivatives was in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements. There were no adjustments for nonperformance risk at September 30, 2021 and 2020.  At September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $8.3 million and $12.9 million, respectively, against its obligations under these agreements.  If the Company had breached any of these provisions at September 30, 2021, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value and would have been required to pay any additional amounts due in excess of amounts previously posted as collateral with the respective counterparty.

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurement,” to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures for the Company’s financial instruments. Investment and mortgage-backed securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, real estate owned and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The Company groups its assets at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1—Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2—Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3—Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market.  These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

-101-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The Company bases its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is our policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy.

Fair value measurements for assets where there exists limited or no observable market data and, therefore, are based primarily upon the Company’s or other third-party’s estimates, are often calculated based on the characteristics of the asset, the economic and competitive environment and other factors. Therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset.

Additionally, there may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future valuations.

The Company monitors and evaluates available data to perform fair value measurements on an ongoing basis and recognizes transfers among the levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the date event or a change in circumstances that affects the valuation method chosen. There were no changes in valuation technique or transfers between levels as of and for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	September 30, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	4,993	$	—	$	4,993	$	—
State and municipal obligations		2,765		—		2,765		—
Single issuer trust preferred security		875		—		875		—
Corporate debt securities		32,180		—		32,180		—
Total investment securities available-for-sale	$	40,813	$	—	$	40,813	$	—
Equity securities:
Mutual fund	$	1,500	$	1,000	$	—	$	500
Total equity investment securities	$	1,500	$	1,000	$	—	$	500
Derivative instruments	$	4,685	$	—	$	4,685	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments	$	4,720	$	—	$	4,720	$	—

-102-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

	September 30, 2020
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Debt securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	5,040	$	—	$	5,040	$	—
State and municipal obligations		3,105		—		3,105		—
Single issuer trust preferred security		925		—		925		—
Corporate debt securities		20,948		—		20,948		—
Total investment securities available-for-sale	$	30,018	$	—	$	30,018	$	—
Equity securities:
Mutual fund	$	1,523	$	1,023	$	—	$	500
Total equity investment securities	$	1,523	$	1,023	$	—	$	500
Derivative instruments	$	8,752	$	—	$	8,752	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments	$	10,047	$	—	$	10,047	$	—

The following tables present additional information about the securities available-for-sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company utilized significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) to determine fair value for the years ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020:

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
Balance, October 1, 2020	$	500
Payments received		0
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		0
Included in other comprehensive income		0
Purchases		0
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		0
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	500

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	(In thousands)
Balance, October 1, 2019	$	250
Payments received		0
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		0
Included in other comprehensive income		0
Purchases		250
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		0
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	500

-103-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

All of the Company’s available for sale investment securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the securities’ terms and conditions, among other things.  From time to time, the Company validates prices supplied by the independent pricing service by comparison to prices obtained from third-party sources or derived using internal models.

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in fiscal year 2021 and fiscal year 2020 that were still held at the end of the period, the following table provides the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	September 30, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Other real estate owned	$	4,961	$	—	$	—	$	4,961
Impaired loans(1)		33,876		18,900		—		14,976
Total	$	38,837	$	18,900	$	—	$	19,937

	September 30, 2021
	Fair Value at September 30, 2021		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range/(Weighted Average)
	(In thousands)
Other real estate owned	$	4,961	Appraisal of Collateral(2)	Collateral discount(3)	6.4%/(6.4%)
Impaired loans(1)		33,876	Appraisal of Collateral(2)	Collateral discount(3)	(4.0%) – (12%)/(8%)
Total	$	38,837

(1) Consisted of eight loans with an aggregate balance of $35.4 million and with $1.5 million in specific loan loss allowance.

(2) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral primarily using comparable sales.

(3) Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as time, changes in economic conditions and estimated liquidation expense.

	September 30, 2020
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Other real estate owned	$	5,796	$	—	$	—	$	5,796
Impaired loans(1)		7,920		—		—		7,920
Total	$	13,716	$	—	$	—	$	13,716

	September 30, 2020
	Fair Value at September 30, 2020		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range/(Weighted Average)
	(In thousands)
Other real estate owned	$	5,796	Appraisal of Collateral(2)	Collateral discount(3)	6.5%/(6.5%)
Impaired loans(1)		7,920	Appraisal of Collateral(2)	Collateral discount(3)	(2.0%) - 20%/(1.4%)
Total	$	13,716

(1) Consisted of four loans with an aggregate balance of $8.2 million and with $308,000 in specific loan loss allowance.

(2) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral primarily using comparable sales.

(3) Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as time, changes in economic conditions and estimated liquidation expense

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

At September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not have any additions to our mortgage servicing assets.  At September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 the Company sold loans with servicing released.

-104-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments is made in accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC 825.  The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methods. However, considerable judgment is necessarily required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. FASB ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements.  Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of September 30, 2021 and 2020. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since September 30, 2021 and 2020 and, therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents—These assets are carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.

Investment Securities— Investment, mortgage-backed securities available for sale, and mutual funds (carried at fair value) are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurements for these securities are typically obtained from independent pricing services that we have engaged for this purpose. When available, we, or our independent pricing service, use quoted market prices to measure fair value. If market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based upon models that incorporate available trade, bid and other market information and for structured securities, cash flow and, when available, loan performance data. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, our independent pricing service’s applications apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to prepare evaluations. For each asset class, pricing applications and models are based on information from market sources and integrate relevant credit information. All of our securities available for sale are valued using either of the foregoing methodologies to determine fair value adjustments recorded to our financial statements.

Loans Receivable—We do not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. As such, valuation techniques discussed herein for loans are primarily for estimating fair value for FASB ASC 825 disclosure purposes. However, from time to time, we record nonrecurring fair value adjustments to loans to reflect partial write-downs for impairment or the full charge-off of the loan carrying value. The valuation of impaired loans is discussed below. The fair value estimate for FASB ASC 825 purposes differentiates loans based on their financial characteristics, such as product classification, loan category, pricing features and remaining maturity. Prepayment and credit loss estimates are evaluated by loan type and rate. The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows using discount rates based on current industry pricing, adjusted for prepayment and credit loss estimates.

Impaired Loans—Impaired loans are valued utilizing independent appraisals that rely upon quoted market prices for similar assets in active markets. These appraisals include adjustments to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience. The appraisals are adjusted downward by management, as necessary, for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the appraisal date and are considered level 3 inputs. At September 30, 2021 4 of our commercial real estate loans totaling $32.5 million classified as held-for sale were deemed impaired. NaN of the commercial real estate loans totaling $18.9 million was fair valued at level 1 input is based off of a subsequent sale and the other commercial real estate loan totaling $13.6 million was fair valued at level 3 is based off of an appraisal.

Accrued Interest Receivable—This asset is carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.

Restricted Stock—Although restricted stock is an equity interest in the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB and ACBB, it is carried at cost because it does not have a readily determinable fair value as its ownership is restricted and it lacks a market. The estimated fair value approximates the carrying amount.

-105-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Other Real Estate Owned—Assets acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure are recorded at estimated fair value less estimated selling costs when acquired, thus establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is generally based on independent appraisals. These appraisals include adjustments to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, and are considered level 3 inputs. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value, less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for loan losses. If the estimated fair value of the asset declines in subsequent periods, a write-down is recorded through expense. The valuation of foreclosed assets is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in the future because of, among other factors, changes in the economic conditions.

Deposits—Deposit liabilities are carried at cost. As such, valuation techniques discussed herein for deposits are primarily for estimating fair value for FASB ASC 825 disclosure purposes. The fair value of deposits is discounted based on rates available for time deposits of similar maturities. Fair value approximates book value for savings accounts, checking and negotiable order of withdrawal accounts (“NOW accounts”), and money market accounts.

Borrowings—Advances from the FHLB are carried at amortized cost. However, we are required to estimate the fair value of long-term debt under FASB ASC 825. The fair value is based on the contractual cash flows discounted using rates currently offered for new notes with similar remaining maturities.

Subordinated Debt—The calculation of fair value in level 2 is based on observable market values where available.

Derivatives—The fair value of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (level 2). Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rate, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs is actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Accrued Interest Payable—This liability is carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit—The majority of the Company’s commitments to extend credit and letters of credit carry current market interest rates if converted to loans and are not included in the table below. Because commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are generally unassignable by either the Company or the borrower, they only have value to the Company and the borrower. The estimated fair value approximates the recorded deferred fee amounts, which are not significant.

Mortgage Servicing Rights—The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is based on observable market prices when available or the present value of expected future cash flows when not available. Assumptions, such as loan default rates, costs to service, and prepayment speeds significantly affect the estimate of future cash flows.

-106-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2021:
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	136,590	$	136,590	$	136,590	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale		40,813		40,813		—		40,813		—
Investment securities held-to-maturity		28,507		28,913		—		28,913		—
Equity securities		1,500		1,500		1,000		—		500
Loans receivable, net (including    impaired )		902,981		900,357		—		—		900,357
Loans Held For Sale		33,199		33,199		19,583		—		13,616
Accrued interest receivable		3,512		3,512		—		3,512		—
Restricted stock		7,776		7,776		—		7,776		—
Mortgage servicing rights (included in    Other Assets)		83		83		—		83		—
Derivatives (included in Other Assets)		4,685		4,685		—		4,685		—
Financial liabilities:
Savings accounts		50,582		50,582		—		50,582		—
Checking and NOW accounts		390,494		390,494		—		390,494		—
Money market accounts		385,480		385,480		—		385,480		—
Certificates of deposit		111,603		113,323		—		113,323		—
Borrowings (excluding sub debt)		90,000		90,215		—		90,215		—
Subordinated debt		24,934		25,027		—		25,027		—
Derivatives (included in Other Liabilities)		4,720		4,720		—		4,720		—
Accrued interest payable		572		572		—		572		—
September 30, 2020:
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	61,439	$	61,439	$	61,439	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale		30,018		30,018		—		30,018		—
Investment securities held-to-maturity		14,970		15,608		—		15,608		—
Equity securities		1,523		1,523		1,023		—		500
Loans receivable, net (including    impaired loans)		1,026,984		1,035,941		—		—		1,035,941
Accrued interest receivable		3,677		3,677		—		3,677		—
Restricted stock		9,622		9,622		—		9,622		—
Mortgage servicing rights (included in    Other Assets)		111		111		—		111		—
Derivatives (included in Other Assets)		8,752		8,752		—		8,752		—
Financial liabilities:
Savings accounts		45,072		45,072		—		45,072		—
Checking and NOW accounts		354,104		354,104		—		354,104		—
Money market accounts		277,711		277,711		—		277,711		—
Certificates of deposit		214,019		217,212		—		217,212		—
Borrowings (excluding sub debt)		134,225		135,101		—		135,101		—
Subordinated debt		24,776		25,030		—		25,030		—
Derivatives (included in Other Liabilities)		10,047		10,047		—		10,047		—
Accrued interest payable		728		728		—		728		—

-107-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 13 - Income Taxes

In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company evaluates on a quarterly basis all evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance for DTAs is needed. In conducting this evaluation, management explores all possible sources of taxable income available under existing tax laws to realize the net DTA beginning with the most objectively verifiable evidence first, including available carry back claims and viable tax planning strategies. If needed, management will look to future taxable income as a potential source. Management reviews the Company’s current financial position and its results of operations for the current and preceding years. That historical information is supplemented by all currently available information about future years. The Company understands that projections about future performance are subjective.

Deferred income taxes at September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
DTAs:
Allowance for loan losses	$	2,807		$	3,053
Non-accrual interest		276			29
Supplement Employer Retirement Plan		173			193
Federal and State net operating loss		155			6
Unrealized loss on investments available-for-sale		—			296
Depreciation		53			36
Lease liability		448			656
Other		113			89
Total DTAs		4,025			4,358
Valuation allowance for DTAs		—			—
Total DTAs, Net of Valuation Allowance	$	4,025		$	4,358
DTLs:
Unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale		(3	)		—
Mortgage servicing rights		(20	)		(27	)
Right of use asset		(440	)		(648	)
Other		(32	)		(3	)
Total DTLs		(495	)		(678	)
DTAs, Net	$	3,530		$	3,680

Of these DTAs, the carryforward periods for certain tax attributes are as follows:

• The Company has recorded federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $563,000 and $0 million as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These net operating losses do not expire.

• The Company has recorded state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $36,500 and $12,000 as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 , respectively. These net operating losses will begin to expire in 2033.

-108-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 13 – Income Taxes (Continued)

Income tax benefit for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was comprised of the following:

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Federal:
Current	$	(62)		$	394
Deferred		(112	)		(495	)
		(174	)		(101	)
State:
Current		-			271
Deferred		(38	)		(206	)
		(38	)		65
Total income tax benefit	$	(212	)	$	(36	)

A reconciliation from the expected federal income tax expense (benefit) computed at the statutory federal income tax rate to the actual income tax benefit included in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	September 30,
	2021					2020
	(In thousands)
Tax at statutory rate	$	(64)		(21.0)	%	$	128		21.0	%
Adjustments resulting from:
State tax, net of federal benefit		(30)		(9.8)			51		8.5
Tax-exempt   interest		(26)		(8.6)			(59	)	(9.7	)
Earnings on bank-owned life    insurance		(138	)	(45.3)			(107	)	(17.6	)
Other		46		15.1			(49	)	(8.1	)
Total	$	(212	)	(69.6)	%	$	(36	)	(5.9	)%

It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more like than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.  As of September 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no material uncertain tax positions related to federal and state income tax matters.  The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitation by the Internal Revenue Service and state taxing authorities for the years ended September 30, 2018 to September 30, 2021.

The Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 provides for the repeal of the tax bad debt deduction computed under the percentage-of-taxable-income method.  Upon repeal, the Company was required to recapture into income, over a six-year period, the portion of its tax bad debt reserves that exceeds its base year reserves (i.e., tax reserves for tax years beginning before 1988).  The base year tax reserves, which may be subject to recapture if the Company ceases to qualify as a bank for federal income tax purposes, are restricted with respect to certain distributions and have been treated as a permanent tax difference.

-109-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 14 – Leases

          The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company adopted the guidance of ASC 842 Leases and recorded ROU assets and related lease liabilities of $3.3 million at October 1, 2019. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated statements of financial condition. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, in order to determine the present value of future payments for office leases we used our incremental borrowing rate based on the FHLB liquidity and funding rates. Our lease terms may include options to extend when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

           As of September 30, 2021, the Company leases 1 financial center located in Glen Mills, Pennsylvania; 1 private banking office located in Villanova, Pennsylvania; 1 private banking office in Morris County located in Morristown, New Jersey; 1 private banking office located in Palm Beach, Florida; 1 representative office located in Wellington, Florida; 1 representative office located in Allentown, Pennsylvania and 1 administrative office in Quakertown, Pennsylvania. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for 1 private banking office leases and 2 representative office leases whose terms are twelve months or less and are considered short-term leases. The financial center lease, 2 private banking office leases, and 1 administrative office lease include options to extend for terms of five years. These options have not been recognized as part of our ROU assets and lease liabilities as the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these options. The Company has also entered into 3 leases for office equipment for which ROU assets and lease liabilities have been recognized. All the aforementioned leases have been accounted for as operating leases.

The components of lease expense for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

	September 30,
	2021		2020
	In thousands
Operating lease cost	$	661	$	698
Finance lease cost		—		—
Short-term lease cost		95		104
Total	$	756	$	802

Supplemental information at and for September 30, 2021 and the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 related to leases was as follows:

	September 30, 2021			September 30, 2020
	(Dollars in thousands)			(Dollars in thousands)
Supplemental balance sheet information
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,796		$	2,638
Operating lease liabilities	$	1,830		$	2,671
Weighted average remaining lease term	4.50 years			5.40 years
Weighted average discount rate		1.99	%		1.99	%
	Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2021			Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2020
	(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Supplemental cash flow information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	893		$	667
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	3,279		$	3,279

-110-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 14 – Leases (Continued)

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

	Operating Leases
	(In thousands)
Years ended September 30:
2022	$	449
2023		431
2024		431
2025		432
2026		153
Thereafter		51
Total lease payments	$	1,947
Less: imputed interest		(117)
Total	$	1,830

The Company receives rents from the lease of office and residential space owned by the Company. Rental income is included in Other Income.  Future minimum rental commitments under these leases are (in thousands):

Years ending September 30:
2022	$	95
2023		0
2024		0
2025		0
2026		0
	$	95

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit and standby letters of credit.  Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the statements of financial condition.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.  The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company guaranteeing payments of drafts in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit agreements.  Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.  Collateral may be required to support letters of credit based upon management’s evaluation of the creditworthiness of each customer.  The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is substantially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.  Most letters of credit expire within one year.  At both September 30, 2021 and 2020, the uncollateralized portion of the letters of credit extended by the Company was approximately $9.0 million and $9.1 million, respectively. The current amount of the liability for guarantees under letters of credit was not material as of September 30, 2021 or 2020.

-111-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

At September 30, 2021 and 2020, the following financial instruments were outstanding whose contract amounts represent credit risk:

	September 30,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Commitments to extend credit:
Future loan commitments	$	32,889	$	7,687
Undisbursed construction loans		12,672		24,551
Undisbursed home equity lines of credit		25,722		24,751
Undisbursed commercial lines of credit		19,901		22,918
Undisbursed commercial unsecured lines of credit		66,941		58,445
Overdraft protection lines		1,549		1,362
Standby letters of credit		9,026		9,074
Total Commitments	$	168,700	$	148,788

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.  The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but generally includes personal or commercial real estate.

Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit are collateralized except for the overdraft protection lines of credit and commercial unsecured lines of credit.  The amount of collateral obtained is based on management’s credit evaluation, and generally includes personal or commercial real estate.

Various legal claims arise from time to time in the normal course of business which, in the opinion of management, will have no material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 16 - Regulatory Matters

Shareholders’ Equity

On March 14, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan, under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to 194,516 shares, or approximately 2.5 percent of the Company’s current outstanding common stock. On February 28, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the timeframe for its current stock repurchase program from March 31, 2020, to December 31, 2020. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, the Company purchased 177,653 shares of its common stock in the open market under the repurchase plan at an average cost of $14.23 per share. This plan expired during fiscal year end September 30, 2021 and was not further extended, and 0 shares were purchased after December, 2020.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.

In July of 2013, the respective U.S. federal banking agencies issued final rules implementing Basel III and the Dodd-Frank Act capital requirements to be fully phased in on a global basis on January 1, 2019. The regulations establish a new tangible common equity capital requirement, increase the minimum requirement for the current Tier 1 risk-weighted asset (“RWA”) ratio, phase out certain kinds of intangibles treated as capital

-112-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 16 - Regulatory Matters (Continued)

and certain types of instruments and change the risk weightings of certain assets used to determine required capital ratios. The new common equity Tier 1 capital component requires capital of the highest quality predominantly composed of retained earnings and common stock instruments. For community banks such as Malvern Bank, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5 percent became effective on January 1, 2015. The new capital rules also increased the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio from 4.0 percent to 6.0 percent beginning on January 1, 2015. The rules also establish a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital and would result in the following minimum ratios: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0 percent, (2) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5 percent, and (3) a total capital ratio of 10.5 percent. The new capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in beginning in January 2016 at 0.625 percent of risk-weighted assets and increased by that amount each year until fully implemented in January 2019. An institution is also subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of tangible and core capital (as defined in the regulations) to total adjusted tangible assets (as defined) and of risk-based capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined).  

As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s and the Bank’s current capital levels exceed the required capital amounts to be considered “well capitalized” and we believe they also meet the fully-phased in minimum capital requirements, including the related capital conservation buffers, as required by the Basel III capital rules.

The following table summarizes the Company’s compliance with applicable regulatory capital requirements as of September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	Actual					For Capital Adequacy Purposes					To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions (1)
(In thousands)	Capital Amount		Ratio			Capital Amount		Ratio			Capital Amount	Ratio
As of September 30, 2021:
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (to    average assets)	$	142,132		11.84	%	$	48,020		4.00	%	N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-    weighted assets)		142,132		14.53	%		44,024		4.50	%	N/A	NA
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		142,132		14.53	%		58,699		6.00	%	N/A	NA
Total Risk-Based Capital (to risk-    weighted assets)		178,620		18.26	%		78,265		8.00	%	N/A	N/A
As of September 30, 2020:
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (to    average assets)	$	141,681		11.63	%	$	48,743		4.00	%	N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-    weighted assets)		141,681		14.00	%		45,528		4.50	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		141,681		14.00	%		60,704		6.00	%	N/A	N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital (to risk-    weighted assets)		178,972		17.69	%		80,939		8.00	%	N/A	N/A

(1) The Company is not subject to the regulatory capital ratios imposed by Basel III on bank holding companies because the Company was deemed to be a small bank holding company as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.

-113-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 16 - Regulatory Matters (Continued)

The following table summarizes the Bank’s compliance with applicable regulatory capital requirements as of September 30, 2021 and 2020:

											To Be Well Capitalized
						For Capital					Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual					Adequacy Purposes					Action Provisions
(In thousands)	Capital Amount		Ratio			Capital Amount		Ratio			Capital Amount		Ratio
As of September 30, 2021:
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (to average assets)	$	157,518		13.14	%	$	47,946		4.00	%	$	59,933		5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-    weighted assets)		157,518		16.13	%		43,934		4.50	%		63,460		6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		157,518		16.13	%		58,579		6.00	%		78,105		8.00	%
Total Risk-Based Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		169,072		17.32	%		78,105		8.00	%		97,632		10.00	%
As of September 30, 2020:
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (to average assets)	$	155,575		12.78	%	$	48,685		4.00	%	$	60,856		5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-    weighted assets)		155,575		15.40	%		45,459		4.50	%		65,663		6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		155,575		15.40	%		60,612		6.00	%		80,816		8.00	%
Total Risk-Based Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		168,090		16.64	%		80,816		8.00	%		101,020		10.00	%

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Bank’s equity determined using GAAP and its regulatory capital amounts as of September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	September 30,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Bank GAAP equity	$	157,554	$	154,487
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of income    taxes		(45)		93
Net unrealized loss on derivatives, net of income taxes		9		995
Tangible Capital, Core Capital and Tier 1 Capital		157,518		155,575
Allowance for loan losses		11,554		12,515
Total Risk-Based Capital	$	169,072	$	168,090

Note 17 – Comprehensive Income

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in shareholders’ equity are as follows:

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-     sale securities	$	57		$	(118	)
Tax effect		(12	)		25
Net of tax amount		45			(93	)
Fair value adjustment on derivatives		(11	)		(1,260	)
Tax effect		2			265
Net of tax amount		(9	)		(995	)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	36		$	(1,088	)

-114-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 17 – Comprehensive Income (Continued)

Other comprehensive income (loss) and related tax effects are presented in the following table:

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Net unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale    securities	$	950		$	320
Reclassification adjustment for net gains arising during the period		(779	)		(330	)
Adjustment for loss recorded on replacement of derivative		(9)			31
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities    available-for-sale transferred to held-to-maturity		4			3
Fair value adjustment on derivatives		1,258			(681	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes		1,424			(657	)
Tax effect		(300)			138
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,124		$	(519	)

-115-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 18 – Equity Based Incentive Compensation Plan

The Company maintains the Malvern Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2014 Plan”), which permits the grant of long-term incentive and other stock and cash awards. The purpose of the 2014 Plan is to promote the success of the Company and the Bank by providing incentives to officers, employees and directors of the Company and the Bank that will link their personal interests to the financial success of the Company and to growth in shareholder value.  The maximum total number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for grants under the 2014 Plan is 400,000.  As of September 30, 2021, there were 299,288 remaining shares available for future grants.

Restricted stock and option awards granted during fiscal year 2021 vest in 20 percent increments beginning on the one- year anniversary of the grant date, and accelerate upon a change in control of the Company.  The options generally expire ten years from the date of grant.  All issuances are subject to forfeiture if the recipient leaves or is terminated prior to the awards vesting.  Shares of restricted stock have the same dividend and voting rights as common stock while options do not.

All awards are issued at fair value of the underlying shares at the grant date. The Company expenses the cost of the awards, which is determined to be the fair market value of the awards at the date of grant.

During fiscal year 2021 and 2020, stock options covering a total 7,000 shares of common stock, respectively, were granted. During fiscal year 2021 and 2020, 0 stock options were forfeited. Total compensation expense related to options granted under the 2014 Plan was approximately $35,000 for fiscal year 2021 and $29,000 for fiscal year 2020. 

During fiscal year 2021, 12,363 shares of restricted stock were awarded and 0ne of those shares were forfeited. During fiscal year 2020, 23,821 shares of restricted stock were awarded and 1,610 of those shares were forfeited. The compensation expense related to restricted and unrestricted stock awards was approximately $260,000 for fiscal year 2021 and $224,000 for fiscal year 2020.  

Stock-based compensation expense for the cost of the awards granted is based on the grant-date fair value. For stock option awards, the fair value is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options granted but are not considered by the model. Accordingly, while management believes that the Black-Scholes option-pricing model provides a reasonable estimate of fair value, the model does not necessarily provide the best single measure of fair value for the Company’s employee stock options.

-116-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 18 - Equity Based Incentive Compensation Plan (Continued)

Stock Options

The assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock option grants for the year ended September 30, 2021 are as follows:

Weighted average fair value of awards	$	6.06
Risk-free rate		1.25	%
Dividend yield		—	%
Volatility		29.72	%
Expected life	6.5 years

The assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock option grants for the year ended September 30, 2020 are as follows:

Weighted average fair value of awards	$	4.72
Risk-free rate		1.22	%
Dividend yield		—	%
Volatility		19.86	%
Expected life	6.5 years

The following is a summary of currently outstanding options at September 30, 2021:

	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning of year		25,830	$	21.57			$	—
Granted		7,000	$	18.69			$	—
Exercised		—	$	—			$	—
Forfeited/cancelled/expired		—	$	—			$	—
Outstanding, end of year		32,830	$	20.96		7.392	$	1,940
Exercisable at end of year		13,310	$	21.53		6.193	$	1,940
Nonvested at end of year		19,520	$	20.56

The following is a summary of currently outstanding options at September 30, 2020:

	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning of year		18,830	$	22.05			$	21,350
Granted		7,000	$	20.28			$	—
Exercised		—	$	—			$	—
Forfeited/cancelled/expired		—	$	—			$	—
Outstanding, end of year		25,830	$	21.57		7.819	$	—
Exercisable at end of year		8,140	$	21.50		6.794	$	—
Nonvested at end of year		17,690	$	21.60

As of September 30, 2021, there was $92,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options under the Plan.  The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.31 years.

-117-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 18 - Equity Based Incentive Compensation Plan (Continued)

Restricted Stock Awards

The table below summarizes the activity for the Company’s restricted stock outstanding at September 30, 2021:

	Shares			Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year		30,653		$	21.98
Granted		12,363			18.69
Vested		(11,530	)		20.82
Forfeited/cancelled/expired		—			—
Outstanding, end of year		31,486		$	21.10

The table below summarizes the activity for the Company’s restricted stock outstanding at September 30, 2020:

	Shares			Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year		18,493		$	21.78
Granted		23,821			19.62
Vested		(10,051	)		16.62
Forfeited/cancelled/expired		(1,610	)		21.43
Outstanding, end of year		30,653		$	21.98

As of September 30, 2021, there was $367,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares of restricted stock granted under the Plan.  The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.27 years.

-118-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 19 – Subordinated Debt

On February 7, 2017, the Company issued $25.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 6.125 percent fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2027 (the “Notes”). The Notes have a stated maturity of February 15, 2027, are redeemable, in whole or in part, on or after February 15, 2022, and at any time upon the occurrences of certain events. The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 6.125 percent per year, from and including February 7, 2017 to, but excluding February 15, 2022. From and including February 15, 2022 to the maturity date or earlier redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly at a variable rate equal to the then current 3-month LIBOR plus 414.5 basis points. The Notes were structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes. The Company’s net subordinated debt totaled $24.9 million ($737,000 represents original debt issuance costs) at September 30, 2021.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to February 15, 2022, except that the Company may redeem the Notes at any time, at its option, in whole but not in part, subject to obtaining any required regulatory approvals, if (i) a change or prospective change in law occurs that could prevent the Company from deducting interest payable on the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) a subsequent event occurs that precludes the Notes from being recognized as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes, or (iii) the Company is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, in each case, at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the Notes plus any accrued and unpaid interest through, but excluding, the redemption date.

Note 20 – Condensed Financial Information - Parent Company Only

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

	September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Assets
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	6,878		$	8,411
Investment in subsidiaries		157,554			154,487
Loans receivable, net		934			1,104
Other assets		1,916			1,536
Total Assets	$	167,282		$	165,538
Liabilities
Subordinated debt	$	24,934		$	24,776
Accrued interest payable		196			196
Accounts payable		(16	)		(27	)
Total Liabilities		25,114			24,945
Shareholders’ Equity		142,168			140,593
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	167,282		$	165,538

-119-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 20 – Condensed Financial Information - Parent Company Only (Continued)

Condensed Statements of Operations

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Income
Interest income	$	51		$	59
Total Interest Income		51			59
Expense
Long-term borrowings		1,536			1,531
Total Interest Expense		1,536			1,531
Other operating expenses		560			375
Total Other Expenses		560			375
Total Expense		2,096			1,906
Loss before Equity in Undistributed Net Income    of Subsidiaries and Income Tax Benefit		(2,045	)		(1,847	)
Equity in Undistributed Net Income of Subsidiaries		1,473			2,071
Income tax benefit		(480	)		(420	)
Net (Loss) Income	$	(92	)	$	644

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Year Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2021			2020
Net (Loss) Income	$	(92	)	$	644
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax:
Unrealized holding gains on available-for-    sale securities		950			320
Tax effect		(199	)		(67	)
Net of tax amount		751			253
Reclassification adjustment for net gains arising    during the period(1)		(779	)		(330	)
Tax effect		163			69
Net of tax amount		(616	)		(261	)
Adjustment for loss recorded on replacement of derivative		(9	)		31
Accretion of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred    from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity(2)		4			3
Tax effect		(1	)		(1	)
Net of tax amount		3			2
Fair value adjustment on derivatives		1,258			(681	)
Tax effect		(263	)		137
Net of tax amount		995			(544	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		1,124			(519	)
Total comprehensive income	$	1,032		$	125

⁽¹⁾ Amounts are included in net gains on sales and calls of investments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in total other income.

⁽²⁾

-120-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Amounts are included in interest and dividends on investment securities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 20 – Condensed Financial Information - Parent Company Only (Continued)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net (loss) income	$	(92	)	$	644
Undistributed net income of subsidiaries		(1,473	)		(2,071	)
ESOP expense		248			236
Stock based compensation		295			253
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs		158			157
Increase in other assets		(850	)		(838	)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities		11			(41	)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities		(1,703	)		(1,660	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net decrease in loans		170			162
Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities		170			162
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Acquisition of treasury stock		—			(2,529	)
Proceeds from other borrowings		5,000			—
Repayments of other borrowings		(5,000	)		—
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities		—			(2,529	)
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents		(1,533	)		(4,027	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Beginning		8,411			12,438
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Ending	$	6,878		$	8,411

Note 21 – Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

The following tables are a summary of certain quarterly financial data for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

	2021
	4th. Quarter			3rd. Quarter		2nd. Quarter		1st. Quarter
	(In thousands, except share data)
Total Interest and Dividend Income	$	8,862		$	9,419	$	9,539	$	10,596
Total Interest Expense		2,037			2,290		2,737		3,292
Net Interest Income		6,825			7,129		6,802		7,304
Provision for Loan Losses		10,626			—		—		550
Total Other Income		579			793		1,167		1,224
Total Other Expenses		5,084			5,832		5,063		4,972
Income (Loss) before income tax expense		(8,306	)		2,090		2,906		3,006
Income tax (benefit) expense		(2,116	)		489		682		733
Net (Loss) Income	$	(6,190	)	$	1,601	$	2,224	$	2,273
(Loss) Earnings Per Common Share:
Basic	$	(0.82	)	$	0.21	$	0.30	$	0.30
Diluted	$	(0.82	)	$	0.21	$	0.30	$	0.30
Weighted Average Common Shares    Outstanding
Basic		7,548,958			7,545,371		7,529,408		7,525,808
Diluted		7,550,766			7,546,200		7,530,151		7,526,376

-121-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 21 – Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Continued)

	2021
	4th. Quarter		3rd. Quarter		2nd. Quarter		1st. Quarter
	(In thousands, except share data)
Cash and due from depository institutions	$	99,670	$	90,441	$	99,358	$	83,764
Interest-bearing deposits in depository institutions		36,920		14,513		9,556		25,458
Investment securities, available for sale, at fair value		40,813		32,998		27,397		33,704
Equity Securities		1,500		1,504		1,502		1,520
Investment securities held to maturity		28,507		31,795		25,834		14,161
Restricted stock, at cost		7,776		7,896		8,891		9,327
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses		902,981		940,735		974,596		990,346
Loans held-for-sale		33,199		—		—		—
OREO		4,961		4,961		5,796		5,796
Accrued interest receivable		3,512		3,370		3,598		4,051
Operating lease right-of-use-assets		1,796		2,168		2,322		2,479
Property and equipment, net		5,777		5,902		6,040		6,154
Deferred income taxes, net		3,530		3,389		3,535		3,601
Bank-owned life insurance		26,056		25,889		25,725		25,564
Other assets		12,145		20,183		12,269		14,999
Total assets	$	1,209,143	$	1,185,744	$	1,206,419	$	1,220,924
Deposits	$	938,159	$	907,704	$	912,213	$	900,465
FHLB advances		90,000		90,000		110,000		130,000
Secured borrowings		—		—		—		—
Other borrowings		—		—		—		5,000
Subordinated debt		24,934		24,895		24,855		24,816
Operating lease liabilities		1,830		2,204		2,357		2,512
Other liabilities		12,052		12,749		11,143		14,865
Shareholders' equity		142,168		148,192		145,851		143,266
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,209,143	$	1,185,744	$	1,206,419	$	1,220,924

Note 21 – Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Continued)

	2020
	4th. Quarter			3rd. Quarter		2nd. Quarter		1st. Quarter
	(In thousands, except share data)
Total Interest and Dividend Income	$	10,340		$	10,498	$	11,629	$	11,840
Total Interest Expense		3,620			3,867		4,836		4,952
Net Interest Income		6,720			6,631		6,793		6,888
Provision for Loan Losses		7,400			435		625		2,150
Total Other Income		692			389		964		443
Total Other Expenses		4,558			4,684		4,638		4,422
Income before income tax expense		(4,546	)		1,901		2,494		759
Income tax expense		(1,043	)		447		586		(26	)
Net Income	$	(3,503	)	$	1,454	$	1,908	$	785
Earnings Per Common Share:
Basic	$	(0.46	)	$	0.19	$	0.25	$	0.10
Diluted	$	(0.46	)	$	0.19	$	0.25	$	0.10
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
Basic		7,522,199			7,538,375		7,663,771		7,665,842
Diluted		7,522,360			7,538,375		7,663,771		7,665,842

-122-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 21 – Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Continued)

	2020
	4th. Quarter		3rd. Quarter		2nd. Quarter		1st. Quarter
	(In thousands, except share data)
Cash and due from depository institutions	$	16,386	$	30,653	$	1,829	$	1,337
Interest-bearing deposits in depository institutions		45,053		28,291		124,239		158,465
Investment securities, available for sale, at fair value		30,018		31,722		20,325		22,225
Equity Securities		1,523		1,523		1,514		1,498
Investment securities held to maturity		14,970		15,921		18,046		20,578
Restricted stock, at cost		9,622		9,766		10,913		11,115
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses		1,026,894		1,032,318		1,007,132		996,879
OREO		5,796		5,796		5,796		5,796
Accrued interest receivable		3,677		5,680		4,121		4,061
Operating lease right-of-use-assets		2,638		2,799		2,959		3,119
Property and equipment, net		6,274		6,355		6,476		6,594
Deferred income taxes, net		3,680		3,103		2,974		2,806
Bank-owned life insurance		25,400		20,270		20,144		20,018
Other assets		16,344		13,873		13,869		8,341
Total assets	$	1,208,275	$	1,208,070	$	1,240,337	$	1,262,832
Deposits	$	890,906	$	884,444	$	915,900	$	943,819
FHLB advances		130,000		130,000		133,000		133,000
Secured borrowing		4,225		4,225		4,225		4,250
Subordinated debt		24,776		24,737		24,697		24,658
Operating lease liabilities		2,671		2,824		2,976		3,128
Other liabilities		15,104		18,309		16,389		10,442
Shareholders' equity		140,593		143,531		143,150		143,535
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,208,275	$	1,208,070	$	1,240,337	$	1,262,832

Note 22 – Subsequent Event

Subsequent to September 30, 2021, the Company disposed of three commercial real estate loans with an aggregate book balance of $29.3 million. Included in these loans was one non-accrual loan totaling approximately $12.2 million and two performing TDR loans totaling $17.1 million. These loans were transferred to held-for-sale at a fair value of $18.9 million on September 30, 2021, and then subsequently sold at a net loss of approximately $10.8 million as compared to their recorded investment prior to reclassification of loans held-for-sale. There was one additional non-accrual commercial real estate loan transferred to held-for-sale at September 30, 2021, with an aggregate book balance of $13.6 million. The Company is continuing to evaluate a sale of this loan.

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Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures.  

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of September 30, 2021.  Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13(a)-15(f).  The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. An adequate system of internal control encompasses the processes and procedures that have been established by management to, among other things:

• Maintain records that accurately reflect the Company’s transactions;

• Prepare consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP that can be relied upon by external users; and

• Prevent and detect unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect of the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect and correct misstatements on a timely basis. Also, the application of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2021. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).

Controls and Procedures of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report set forth management’s conclusion that because of the material weakness and related matters described in Item 9A of the 2020 Annual Report, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2020. The matters described in Item 9A of the 2020 Annual Report related to the Company’s review of certain loan participation contracts, and changes to recourse provisions therein. Management implemented additional control procedures, including redesigning and enhancing control activities related to preparation and review of existing and new loan participation agreements, and any amendments thereto. In addition, we have developed enhanced financial reporting procedures for assessing significant subsequent events related to loan modifications, including a quarterly identification and review of significant loan modifications occurring subsequent to quarter end but prior to the financial statements being issued, to ensure that the relevant accounting implications are identified and considered, including the market value impact and potential material information that may impact credit quality of loans. During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company completed the remediation efforts described in Item 9A of the 2020 Annual Report. As of September 30, 2021, based on management’s assessment, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with management’s evaluation that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  Other Information.

None.

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PART III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required herein is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the sections captioned “Information with Respect to Nominees for Director, Continuing Directors and Executive Officers” and “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock by Certain Beneficial Owners and Management — Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held in March 2022 (the “Proxy Statement”).

Corporate Governance

The Company has adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics that applies to its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as well as other officers and employees of the Company and the Bank. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on the Company’s website at ir.malvernbancorp.com.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required herein is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the sections captioned “Management Compensation” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information about the Company’s common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of stock options under our 2014 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2014 Plan”) as of September 30, 2021. The 2014 Plan permits the grant of equity awards and other awards, including stock options and restricted stock.

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a)		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b)		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved    by security holders		32,830	$	20.96		299,288
Equity compensation plans not approved    by security holders		—		—		—
Total		32,830	$	20.96		299,288

The remaining information required herein is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the section captioned “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock by Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required herein is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the sections captioned “Management Compensation — Related Party Transactions” and “Information with Respect to Nominees for Director, Continuing Directors and Executive Officers” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required herein is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the section captioned “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Proposal– Audit Fees” in the Proxy Statement.

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PART IV.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)(1) The following financial statements are incorporated by reference from Item 8 hereof:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) All schedules are omitted because they are not required or applicable, or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits

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The following exhibits are filed as part of this Form 10-K and this list includes the Exhibit Index.

No.	Description	Location
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Malvern Bancorp, Inc.	(1)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Malvern Bancorp, Inc.	(2)
4.0	Form of Stock Certificate of Malvern Bancorp, Inc.	(3)
4.1	Indenture, dated February 7, 2017, by and between Malvern Bancorp, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee	(4)
4.2	Forms of 6.125% Subordinated Note due 2027 (included as Exhibit A-1 and Exhibit A-2 to the Indenture referenced above)	(5)
4.3	Description of Registrant’s Securities	Filed herewith
10.1	Malvern Bancorp 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan*	(6)
10.2	Change of Control Agreement, dated May 23, 2016, with Joseph D. Gangemi*	(7)
10.3	Change of Control Agreement, dated May 23, 2016, with William Woolworth*	(8)
10.4	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 25, 2017, among Malvern Bancorp, Inc., Malvern Bank and Anthony C. Weagley*	(9)
10.5	Amendment to Change in Control Agreement, dated May 25, 2017, between Joseph Gangemi and Malvern Bank, including his Non-Competition, Non-Solicitation, Confidentiality and Cooperation Agreement*	(10)
10.6	Employment Agreement, dated May 25, 2017, among Malvern Bancorp, Inc., Malvern Bank and William J. Boylan, including his Non-Competition, Non-Solicitation, Confidentiality and Cooperation Agreement*	(11)
10.7	Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated December 11, 2018, among Malvern Bancorp, Inc., Malvern Bank and Anthony C. Weagley	(12)
21.1	Subsidiaries of the Registrant	Filed herewith
23.0	Consent of Baker Tilly US, LLP.	Filed herewith
31.1	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer	Filed herewith
31.2	Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith
32.0	Section 1350 Certification	Filed herewith
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.**	Filed herewith
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.**	Filed herewith
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.**	Filed herewith
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.**	Filed herewith
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.**	Filed herewith
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document.**	Filed herewith
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	Filed herewith

* Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

** Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and 2020, (ii) the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, (v) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as detailed footnote tagging.

(1) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. filed with the SEC on February 17, 2017.  

(2) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Malvern Bancorp, Inc. filed with the SEC on February 17, 2017.  

(3) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.0 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Registration Statement Form S-1, filed May 31, 2012 (SEC File No. 333-181798).

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(4) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 8, 2017.

(5) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 8, 2017

(6) Incorporated by reference from Appendix A of the definitive proxy statement filed by Malvern Bancorp, Inc. with the SEC on January 2, 2015.

(7) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 27, 2016.

(8) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 27, 2016.

(9) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 1, 2017.

(10) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 1, 2017.

(11) Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 1, 2017.

(12)  Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.8 to Malvern Bancorp, Inc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on December 14, 2018.

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary.

None

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		MALVERN BANCORP, INC.
January 10, 2022	By:	/s/ Anthony C. Weagley
		Anthony C. Weagley
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities described below on January 10, 2022.

/s/ Anthony C. Weagley	Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
Anthony C. Weagley	(principal executive officer)
/s/ Howard Kent	Chairman of the Board
Howard Kent
/s/ James Barrett	Director
James Barrett
/s/ Cynthia Felzer Leitzell	Director
Cynthia Felzer Leitzell
/s/ Norman Feinstein	Director
Norman Feinstein
/s/Andrew Fish	Director
Andrew Fish
/s/ Stephen P. Scartozzi	Director
Stephen P. Scartozzi
/s/ Julia Corelli	Director
Julia Corelli
/s/ Joseph D. Gangemi	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Joseph D. Gangemi	(principal financial and accounting officer)

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